MOTION

LEADERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH
MOTION-Notes
Motion : An object is said to be in motion when its position changes with time. Motion and rest are
relative.
Distance : The total path length covered by the object. SI unit is m. Distance is described by only
magnitude. It is a scalar quantity.
Displacement: The shortest distance measured from the initial to the final position of an object is
known as the displacement. The displacement is described by both magnitude and direction. It is a
vector quatity. SI unit of displacement is m.
Uniform motion: If an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, It is said to be in uniform
motion. The time interval in this motion should be small.
Non Uniform Motion : If an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, then it is said to
be in non- uniform motion. Ex: A vehicle moving on a crowded street, a person jogging in a park are said
to be non-uniform motion.
Speed: Speed is defined as the distance travelled by a body per unit time.
Thus speed = Distance travelled/time taken or v= s/t
SI unit of speed = m/s, the other units are Km/h and cm/s.
Speed is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude and no direction.
Average speed : For the objects moving in non-uniform motion, the rate of motion is described in
terms of their average speed.
Average speed = total distance travelled/total time taken
Velocity : It is defined as the displacement of the object per unit time
It is also defined as the speed of a body in a given direction.
Velocity = Displacement/time taken

SI unit of velocity= m/s
It is a vector quantity because it is described by both magnitude and direction.
The velocity of the object can be changed by changing both speed and direction.
Uniform Velocity: If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time however small these
intervals may be, in a given direction, its velocity is said to be uniform
Non-uniform Velocity : If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time , or its direction
changes, or both change, its velocity is said to be variable or non-uniform.
If the object is moving with non-uniform velocity, then the average velocity is given by
Average velocity = Net Displacement/ total time taken
If the object is moving with uniform velocity, then the average velocity is given by
Average velocity = (initial velocity +final velocity)/2
Questions page no.102
Acceleration: Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity. If the velocity of a body changes
from ‘u’ to ‘v’ in time t, then
Acceleration = change in velocity/time taken
= Final velocity – initial velocity/ Time taken
= v-u/t
Acceleration is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
SI unit of acceleration= m/s2.
Uniform acceleration: If an object travels in a straight line and its velocity increases or decreases by
equal amounts in equal intervals of time, then the acceleration of the object is said to be uniform.
eg: The motion of a freely falling body is a uniformly accelerated motion.
Non-uniform acceleration: If the velocity of a body changes by unequal amounts in equal intervals of
time, then the body is said to be in non-uniform acceleration.
Retardation: When the velocity of a body decreases, its acceleration becomes negative. Negative
acceleration is called retardation. Eg: A Stone thrown upwards is under retardation, A moving car is
under retardation when brakes are applied.
Distance time graphs/velocity time graphs
The nature of motion of bodies can be studied by using graphs.
Time is plotted along X-axis while distance or velocity is plotted along Y-axis.
Uses of graphs: i) Distance time graphs are used to determine the position of the body at any instant of
time, the speed of an object, the nature of the motion of the object.
ii) Velocity time graphs are used to determine the speed of a body at any instant of
time, acceleration of a body, the total distance travelled by the body in a given
interval of time
Draw distance time graphs for a) stationary body

b) a body moving with uniform velocity, and
c) a body moving with variable velocity.
Draw velocity time graphs for a) A body moving with uniform velocity
b) a body moving with uniform acceleration
c) A body moving with non-uniform acceleration.
d) A body at rest.
Derivation of equations of motion by graphical method

V= u+ at, s=u t + ½ t2, v2-u2=2as
Uniform Circular motion: If an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed , its motion is called
uniform circular motion.
Uniform circular motion is an accelerated motion as the velocity changes by the changing of direction
along the circular path and the speed is uniform.
Eg: The motion of an athlete moving along a circular path is an accelerated motion.

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LEADERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH

Velocity = Displacement/time taken

Distance time graphs/velocity time graphs

The nature of motion of bodies can be studied by using graphs.

Draw distance time graphs for a) stationary body

Derivation of equations of motion by graphical method

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