SCH4U

Unit 2 Assessment

Unit 2 Assessment Opportunity

Student name: Carrie Richards Date: October 12,2024
This is an Assessment Opportunity, which is used to evaluate your work based on
established criteria.

Instructions:
1. Read each question carefully.
2. Answer each question, showing all your work for any calculations.
3. Answer questions using full sentences unless instructed otherwise

Answer the following questions in the space provided.

Curriculum Expectation D3. demonstrate an understanding of energy changes and

rates of reaction.

1. If forming new bonds releases energy, how can a reaction ever be endothermic?
In a chemical reaction, the energy dynamics between bond breaking and bond forming are crucial in deciding
whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. When bonds in the reactant break, energy is required, while
forming new bonds, releases energy.
A reaction is endothermic when the total energy absorbed to break the bonds in the reactants when it has gone
beyond the total energy released when new bonds form in the products, resulting in a net absorption of energy,
causing a decrease in environment temperature.

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 SCH4U
Unit 2 Assessment

2. Metal A has a heat capacity of 0.450 J/goC while metal B has a heat capacity of
1.250 J/go C. If both metals are supplied with 1000.0 J of energy, which one will heat
up more? Explain by describing what specific heat capacity defines (i.e. more than
“this number is bigger/smaller”).
To determine which metal will heat up more when supplied with the same amount of energy, we analyse specific heat
capacities. In this case, Metal A has a specific heat capacity of 0.450J/g, C and Metal B has a specific heat capacity of
1.250J/g C, meaning that for every gram of Metal A, only 0.450 joules of energy are needed to raise its temperature by
one degree Celsius. Metal B requires 1.250 joules of energy to reach the same temperature increase.
When both metals are supplied with 1000.0 J of energy, the specific heat capacity will dictate how much metal's
temperature will increase. Metal A has a lower specific heat capacity, so it will absorb the same amount of energy and
experience a larger temperature increase compared to Metal B, due to its higher specific heat capacity.
In summary, since Metal A requires less energy to increase its temperature, and lower heat capacity, it will heat up
more than Metal B when both are given the same amount of energy.

3. When there is going to be a frost in Florida, farmers will spray their crops with water
before the frost hits thereby preventing the fruit from freezing. Using concepts from
this unit, explain why this helps to save the fruit.
When there is going to be frost in Florida, farmers will spray their crops with water before the frost hits thereby
preventing the fruit from freezing, they leverage the principles of heat transfer and phase changes to protect their
fruit from freezing. As the temperature drops, the water on the surface of the fruit begins to freeze, releasing a
significant amount of heat; latent heat of fusion, which helps to raise the temperature of the fruit and surrounding
air, providing a protective buffer against colder conditions. The layer of ice that forms acts as insulation,
preventing direct exposure of the fruit to frigid air. By maintaining this thin layer of water that freezes, farmers
create a microenvironment that helps regulate the temperature around the fruit, ensuring it remains above the
freezing point and preventing the formation of ice crystals that can damage the cells.

Curriculum Expectation D2. investigate and analyse energy changes and rates of reaction
in physical and chemical processes, and solve related problems;

1. When 2.35g Mg(OH)2 is added to 250.0 mL of water, the temperature of the water
raises from 20.5oC to 36.0oC. Calculate the molar enthalpy of solution.
Amount of energy absorbed by water:
q=cm T= 4.186J/gx C x 250.0g x (36.0 C - 20.5 C) = 16220.75J

Moles of solute:
2.35gMg(OH) x (1moleMg(OH) = 0.0403mol
58.32gMg(OH)

As the temperature is increased then the reaction exothermic,

then:
Hsoln= -q Hsoln= -16220.75J = -402500 J = -403 KJ
n 0.0403mol mol mol

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Unit 2 Assessment

2. When 25.0 mL of 0.25 mol/L LiOH and 25.0 mL of 0.25 mol/L HCl are mixed
together, the temperature warms 15.8oC. What is the molar enthalpy of neutralization
for LiOH?
n(LiOH) = CxV = 0.25 mol x 0.025 L= 0.00625mol
L
n(HCl)=CxV=0.25mol x 0.025 L = 0.00626mol
L
LiOH(aq) + HCl(aq) LiCl(aq) +H20(l)
q= m x c x T = 50.0g x 4.18 J x 15.8 C =3302.2 J
g- C

H= q n = 3.302.2 J 0.00625mol = 528,352 J/mol = 528.4 kJ/mol

H= 528.4kJ/mol
3. Instant hot packs work by crystallizing sodium acetate (NaCH3COO). The molar
enthalpy of crystallization for sodium acetate is -56.7 kJ/mol. How many grams of
sodium acetate are needed to warm 125.0 mL of water from 21.0oC to 35.4oC?
mwater = 125.0mL x 1g/mL=125.0g
T=Tfinal -Tinitial = 35.4 C - 21.0 C = 14.4 C
c= 4.186J/g C
q=mc T
q= 125.0g x 4.18J/g C x 14.4 C 9,450 J
q 9,450 J 9.45kJ
1,000
Hcrystallization = -56.7kJ/mol
moles=9.45kJ 0.166mol
56.7kJ/mol
molar mass = 24.02 + 3.03 + 22.99 + 32.00 81.03g/mol
0.166mol x 82.03g/mol 13.6g
Therefore, to warm 125.0mL of water from 21 C to 35.4 C, approximately 13.6g of sodium acetate are required.

4. If 3.65g of butane is burned underneath a cup holding 1.00 L of water at 21.0oC,

what will the final temperature of the water be (ΔHcomb = -3325 kJ/mol)?
(4 x 12.01) + (10 x 1.01) = 48.04 + 10.10 = 58.14g/mol
3.65g
58.14g/mol 0.0627mol

0.0627mol x (-3325kJ/mol) -208.5kJ

q -208.5kJ = -208500J
m=1000g
T = -208500J -49.9 C
100g x 4.18J/g C
Tfinal= 21.0 C+(-49.9 C) -28.9 C
The water would reach its boiling point at 100 C to
evaporate before it reaches temperature of -28.9 C

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Unit 2 Assessment

5. Calculate the enthalpy of the following reaction:

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Given:
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 ΔH = -21.0 kJ
MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O ΔH = -33.5 kJ
H2 + ½ O2 → H2O ΔH = -76.0 kJ

H = (21.0 kJ) + (+33.5 kJ) + (-152.0kJ)

H=-97.5kJ

2Mg + O 2MgO
H= -97.5kJ

6. A student is determining the enthalpy of solution for ammonium nitrate by adding

ammonium nitrate to a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change.

The accepted value is ΔHsol’n = 25.7 kJ/mol.

A student, not paying attention, adds 1.5g of ammonium nitrate instead of 1.0g.
When they perform their calculations, they use 1.0g as the mass.
Will their calculation result in an answer that is higher than the accepted value
or lower? Explain.
n= 1.0g 0.0125 mol
80.04g/mol

n= 1.5g
80.04g/mol 0.0187 mol

Hsoln (student) = q

0.0187

Therefore, the student's calculation will produce a lower value for Hsoln because they are using a larger mass
of ammonium nitrate, leading to a higher number of moles in denominator.

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Unit 2 Assessment

7. When determining the energy of a reaction where 0.250 mol of a substance with a
ΔHcomb = -2250.0 kJ/mol reacts, we perform this calculation:

−2250.0 kJ
1mol
=
x kJ
0.250 mol
OR 0.250 mol
( −2250.0 kJ
1mol )
Why can’t we simply say that the energy of the reaction is -2250.0 kJ?

H= -2250.0 kJ/mol x 0.250 mol

H= =562.5 kJ
The reason we can't simply state the energy of the reaction is -2250.0 kJ is that this value is specific to the
reaction of 1 mole of the substance. Since we are using only 0.250 mol, the energy released must be adjusted
proportionally.

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