Chemistry Experiments

(1)
Aim: To obtain well-defined crystals of copper sulphate from a saturated

solution.
Apparatus: Beaker, glass rod, funnel, filter paper, thread/string, tripod
stand, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, watch glass, measuring cylinder,
balance.
Chemicals: Copper sulphate powder, distilled water, dilute sulphuric acid
(optional).
Procedure:
1. 1. Preparation of saturated solution:
 Measure 10g of copper sulphate powder using a balance.
 Add the powder to a clean beaker containing 50ml of distilled water.
 Heat the solution gently on a Bunsen burner, stirring continuously with a glass rod.
 Continue adding copper sulphate powder in small amounts until no more dissolves, indicating a
saturated solution.
 Optional: Add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to prevent hydrolysis of copper sulphate.
2. 2. Filtration:
 Filter the hot saturated solution into another clean beaker using a funnel and filter paper.
 This removes any undissolved impurities.

3. 3. Crystallization:
 Cover the beaker with a watch glass to prevent dust and evaporation.
 Tie a thread/string to a glass rod and suspend it in the solution, ensuring the thread doesn't touch the
bottom or sides of the beaker.
 Allow the solution to cool undisturbed at room temperature for several days.
 As the solution cools, the excess copper sulphate will come out of the solution and form crystals on
the thread/string.
4. 4. Harvesting the crystals:
 Once the crystals are formed, carefully remove the thread/string from the solution.
 Wash the crystals gently with distilled water to remove any impurities.
 Dry the crystals on a clean filter paper or watch glass.

5. 5. Observations:
 Record the colour, shape, and size of the obtained crystals.
 Calculate the percentage yield of the crystals.

Precautions:
 Wear safety goggles and gloves throughout the experiment.
 Handle hot solutions with care.
 Do not touch the crystals with bare hands.
 Dispose of the waste solution responsibly.
(2)
Aim
Determination of strength of a given solution of dilute Hydrochloric acid by titrating it
against standard solution of Sodium Carbonate solution (M/10).
Theory
Hydrochloric acid solution may be titrated against sodium carbonate solution using
methyl orange indicator. When weak base is titrated with a strong acid, solution will
be slightly acidic at end point. If a weak acid is titrated with a strong base the solution
is slightly basic because the salt formed will be hydrolysed to a certain extent.
The chemical reactions involved in this titration are given below.
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
CO32-(aq) + 2H+(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)
In acid base titrations at the end point the amount of the acid becomes chemically
equivalent to the amount of base present. In case of a strong acid and a strong base
titration at the end point of solution the solution becomes neutral.
Also Read: Titration of Hydrochloric Acid against Standard Sodium Carbonate Viva Questions
Materials Required

o

1. Burette
2. Pipette
3. Conical flask
4. Burette stand
5. Funnel
6. Stirrer
7. White glazed tile
8. Measuring flask
9. Hydrochloric acid
10. Sodium carbonate
11. Methyl orange
12. Watch glass
Procedure
(a) Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate


o

1. Molecular weight of sodium carbonate = 106
2. Amount of sodium carbonate required to prepare solution of
250ml = 1.325g
3. Dissolve 1.325g of sodium carbonate in distilled water and
prepare the standard solution in 250ml of measuring flask by
adding the required amount of water.
(b) Titration of hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate

solution

o

1. Wash, rinse and fill the burette with M/10 Na2CO3 solution. Note
the initial reading.
2. Take 10cm3 of HCl solution with the help of a pipette and transfer
it into a clean washed titration flask.
3. Add 2 drops of methyl orange into the titration flask.
4. Add M/10 sodium carbonate solution to the titration flask till the
colour changes to the light pink.
5. Note the final reading and find out the volume of sodium
carbonate solution used to neutralize HCl solution.
6. Repeat the experiment till you get concordant readings.
Observations
Volume of HCl solution = 10cm3
Volume of sodium carbonate solution used = V cm3
S.No Initial reading of the burette Final reading of the burette Volume of Sodium carbonate solution used.
1 a cm3 b cm3 (b-a) cm3
2 b cm3 c cm3 (c-b) cm3
3 c cm3 d cm3 (d-c) cm3

Calculations
(Sodium carbonate) a1M1V1 = (HCl) a2M2V2
𝑥=𝑉5
2×110×𝑉=1×𝑥×10
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑔/𝐿=𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦×𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

=𝑉5×36.5
Results and Discussion

The strength of hydrochloric acid solution is ________ g/L.
Precautions

o

1. While weighing do not spill the substance on balance pan.
2. Rotate the knob of balance gently.
3. Keep the weights in weights box at proper places after weighing
4. Wash the watch glass carefully so that even a single crystal is not
left on the watch glass.
5. Bring the watch glass close to funnel while transferring weighed
substance and transfer it gently. Wash it repeatedly with distilled
water.
6. Wash the burette with water after titration is over.
7. Last few drops should be added using pipette to avoid extra
addition of distilled water above the mark on the neck of the
measuring cylinder.

Chemistry Experiments

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Experiments

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Experiments

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(1)

Aim: To obtain well-defined crystals of copper sulphate from a saturated

 Add the powder to a clean beaker containing 50ml of distilled water.

 This removes any undissolved impurities.

 Dry the crystals on a clean filter paper or watch glass.

 Calculate the percentage yield of the crystals.

The chemical reactions involved in this titration are given below.

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

CO32-(aq) + 2H+(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(a) Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate

(b) Titration of hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate

Volume of sodium carbonate solution used = V cm3

1 a cm3 b cm3 (b-a) cm3

2 b cm3 c cm3 (c-b) cm3

3 c cm3 d cm3 (d-c) cm3

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑔/𝐿=𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦×𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

Results and Discussion

You might also like