Titration Lab Report

DATE: September 27, 2023
NAME: Munira Charles
PARTNER’S NAME:
COURSE NAME & CODE: Foundations in Chemistry. (CHM115)

TITLE:
AIM:
INTRODUCTION:
APARATUS & MATERIAL:
 balance
 Watch glass
 250ml beaker
 Glass rod
 250ml volumetric flask
 Wash bottle
 Methyl orange indicator
 Sodium Carbonate
 Glass Funnel
 Retort stand and clamp
 Distilled water
 HCl
 25 cm3 pipette
 50 ml burette
 250 ml glass beaker
 25 ml glass beaker
APPARATUS SETUP:
PROCEDURE:
Experiment 1
a) Preparation of the standard solution of sodium carbonate
1. Weigh a clean and dried watch glass and record its mass in the notebook.
2. Weigh correctly on the watch glass with 2.65 g of sodium carbonate and
record this mass in the notebook.
3. Transfer sodium carbonate carefully from the watch glass into a clean
250 mL beaker.
4. Wash the watch glass with distilled water to move the particles that stick
to it into the beaker with the assistance of a wash bottle.
5. For this purpose, the volume of distilled water should not exceed 50 mL.
6. Use a glass rod to dissolve the solid in 50 mL
7. Transfer the solution to the volumetric flask through the filter funnel.
Rinse the beaker well making sure that all the liquid goes directly into the
flask.
8. Add distilled water until the level is within about 1 cm of the mark on the
neck of the flask. Insert the stopper and shake to mix the contents.
9. Using a dropper, add enough water to bring the bottom of the meniscus to
the mark.
10.Insert the stopper and invert ten times to ensure complete mixing. Simply
inverting the flask once or twice does not mi the content and is a very
common fault.
11.Set the volumetric flask aside for experiment 2.
Experiment 2
b) Titration
1. Clean your pipette by washing it with a small amount of your sodium

carbonate solution twice.
2. Pipette exactly 25 cm3 of sodium carbonate and place into the clean conical
flask.
3. Add a few drops of the methyl orange indicator to the sodium carbonate
solution in the conical flask.
4. Rinse the burette with hydrochloric acid ensuring there are no air bubbles in
the jet or tip of the burette.
5. Clamp the burette carefully.
6. Take the burette reading and place it in your results table below.
7. Place the conical flask below the burette on a white tile and carefully add the
hydrochloric acid to sodium carbonate, swirling the conical flask
continuously until the methyl orange indicator changes to orange.
8. Record your titration results in the table below.
9. Repeat steps 2 – 8 until you obtain two titre values 0.10 cm3 apart. You can
only do a maximum of four titrations.
RESULTS:
OBSERVATION:
Table 1
Weight of the watch glass /g

Weight of the watch glass + Sodium
carbonate / g
Weight of Sodium carbonate /g
Volume of distilled water / cm3
Table 2
Rough Accurate
1 2 3
Final Burette
reading/ cm3
Initial burette
reading/ cm3
Volume of HCl used
/cm3
DISCUSSIONS:
Data Analysis:
1. What is a standard solution?

2. Why is it possible to make up a standard sodium carbonate solution directly?
3. What precaution is taken to ensure that all sodium carbonate is transferred
from the clock glass to the beaker?
4. Why is a stirring rod used?
5. Why is it necessary to wash the solution off the stirring rod into the beaker?
6. Why are the rinsings from the beaker added to the volumetric flask?
7. Why is it necessary to be particularly careful when adding the last few drops
of water to the volumetric flask?
8. When the solution has been made up, why is it necessary to mix the contents
of the flask thoroughly? What feature of the volumetric flask makes this
particularly necessary?
9. Why is a beaker, rather than a conical flask used when the solute is being
dissolved?
10.Why is a funnel used in transferring the solution from the beaker to the
volumetric flask?
11.Why is it necessary to slowly add the solid sodium carbonate, with stirring,
to the water in the beaker?
12.Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid in mol/dm3 and g/dm3
13.
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES:

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DATE: September 27, 2023

NAME: Munira Charles

COURSE NAME & CODE: Foundations in Chemistry. (CHM115)

APARATUS & MATERIAL:

a) Preparation of the standard solution of sodium carbonate

1. Clean your pipette by washing it with a small amount of your sodium

Weight of the watch glass /g

1. What is a standard solution?

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