CHEMISTRY CH-1 IMPORTANT QUES

Q1. Divers can cut through the water in a swimming pool. What property of matter does this
observation prove?=

Answer: The driver’s ability to cut through water in a swimming pool shows that water particles are
held together by weak forces and can be separated by applying an external force.

Q2. Discuss the following: rigidity and compressibility, fluidity, filling gas containers, shape, kinetic
energy, and density.

Answer: Rigidity – The property of matter to retain its form when external forces are applied to them
is called rigidity. This property is found in solids.

Compressibility – This property allows matter to be compressed when pressure is applied to it. This
property is present in some liquids as well as all gases.

Fluidity – Matter’s ability to change shape and flow when external forces are applied is called
fluidity. This property is present in both liquids and gases.

Filling a gas container, It is possible to fill large volumes of gas in a smaller container, making it more
convenient and cost-effective for transport.

Shape – Solid objects must have well-defined shapes, while liquids can take any shape depending on
what container they are kept in. Gases don’t have any form.

Kinetic energy – The particles in a matter are constantly in motion and therefore have kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of solids will be the lowest because they have the most movement. Gas particles
have the free t movement and therefore have the highest kinetic energies. For different types of
matter, the order of kinetic energy is solid, liquid and gas.

Density – The density of any substance can be described as mass per unit volume. Density =
mass/volume

Q3. Why do people wear cotton clothes in summer?

Answer: People wear cotton clothes in summer because cotton is an excellent water absorbent , it
absorbs sweat and allows fast evaporation. Because sweat evaporates heat, it makes us feel relaxed
on hot summer days. That’s why people prefer wearing cotton clothes during the summer season.

Q5. Gases can be substantially compressed but liquids cannot be compressed much. Why?

Answer: Because gases have significant gaps between their particles, they are easy to compress.
Liquids, however, have tiny spaces between their particles. Liquids are therefore not compressible.

Q6. What are fractional distillation and distillation? What is the fundamental property that
distinguishes these two methods?
Answer: Distillation is used to separate the components of a mixture that contains two liquids. They
have different boiling points, and each liquid boils without being decomposed.

Fractional distillation can be used to separate the components of a mixture that contains more than
two liquids with a boiling point difference of less than 25K. A fundamental property separates these
two methods:

Distillation can be used to separate components with significant differences in boiling points.
Fraction distillation can be used when there is a negligible difference in boiling points.

Q7. We observe no change in volume of water when we dissolve a specific amount of salt/sugar into a
given volume. This observation illustrates which characteristic of matter?

Answer: The characteristics of matter as described by the observation are as follows:

(i) Matter is composed of tiny particles.

(iii) Matter particles have spaces between them

When salt or sugar is dissolved in water, it enters the spaces between water particles. This is why the
volume of water does not change.

Q8. Identify the condition which will increase the evaporation of water?

Increase in the temperature of the water

Decrease in the temperature of the water

Less exposed to the surface area of water

Adding common salt to water

Answer: a) Increase in the temperature of the water.

Explanation: Increasing the temperature will offer more heat energy to the water molecules. In
addition, more heat energy will lead to an increased rate of evaporation. Further, the water’s
evaporation rate is directly proportional to the temperature of the water, and it is exposed to the
surface area. Besides the other conditions, decreasing temperature and reducing exposed surface
areas will reduce the water evaporation rate.

Q9. Fill in the blanks: –

a) Evaporation of liquid at room temperature leads to a ______ effect.

b) At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of a solid substance are ____
than those in the gaseous state.

c) ______ is the change of gaseous state directly to solid state without going through the _____ state.

d) The basic arrangement of particles is less than ordered in the ____ state. However, there is no order
in the _____ state.

e) The phenomenon of the state of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any temperature its
boiling point is known as ______
Answer: a) cooling

b) stronger

c) liquid, gaseous

d) sublimation, liquid

e) evaporation

Q10. “Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion”. Explain

Answer: The processes of diffusion and osmosis have much in common. Both phenomena involve
particles moving to lower concentrations from higher concentrations. In the case of osmosis,
however, the movement is of solvent particles from one area to another through a semipermeable
membrane.

Q11. The following can be classified as osmosis/diffusion.

(a) The swelling of a raisin when you keep it in water.

Ans. Osmosis: The water that enters the raisin is affected by osmosis. This happens because the
solution outside the raisin contains higher concentration water molecules, and the outer membrane
acts as a semipermeable membrane. The raisin expands when it is kept in water.

(b) Spread of the virus through sneezing.

Ans: Diffusion. Diffusion is the process by which microscopic virus particles are released into the air.

(c) Earthworms die when they come in contact with salt.

Ans: Osmosis. Earthworms die when they come in contact with standard sodium. This is because
common salt contains a lower concentration than earthworm’s body.

(d) Grapes are shrivelled in thick sugar syrup.

Ans: Osmosis. Grapes kept in thick sugar syrup shrink because the syrup has a lower concentration of
water molecules than the grapes. The water molecules are released from grapes, where the outer
membrane of the grape cell acts as a semipermeable membrane.

(e) Salt preservation of pickles

Ans. Osmosis: Pickles are preserved with salt because pickles contain high natural water levels. Salt
protects vegetables and fruits from oxidation because it absorbs excess moisture through osmosis.

(f) The smell of freshly baked cake permeates the entire house.

Ans: Diffusion. The diffusion of particles in the air spreads the aroma of baking cakes.
(g) Aquatic animals use oxygen dissolved in water for respiration.

Answer: Diffusion. The oxygen from the atmosphere diffuses into the water, and aquatic animals use
this oxygen during respiration.

Q12. Which one of these matters? Chair, air; love; smell; hate; almonds; thought. Cold, cold drinks.
The scent of perfume.

Answer: Matter can be anything that occupies space with some mass. There are three types of
matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. These three states can be used to determine the type of matter..

Almonds and chairs are solid states of matter because they have a fixed shape. Because cold drinks
have no fixed shape , they are liquid. The smell of perfume and air has gaseous particles that are not
subject to movement, so they can also be considered gaseous states of matter.

Although Love, Hate, Cold, Smell, and Thought have no mass or occupy space, humans feel these
emotions and sensations, so they cannot be considered as matter.

Q13. These observations are to be taken seriously.

Naphthalene balls vanish with time, leaving no solid.

Ans. This phenomenon can be explained by sublimation, which means that a solid is converted
directly into a gaseous form without becoming liquid. Sublimation is a process that occurs at room
temperature. Therefore naphthalene balls can disappear after a time leaving no trace.

It is possible to smell the perfume from several metres.

Ans: Gaseous particles possess meagre internuclear forces, which allow them to move very freely
and have high kinetic energy. Because perfume particles diffuse into the air, the molecules of the
perfume will react with the environment. This allows us to smell the perfume even from several
metres away.

Q14. What are the characteristics of particles of matter?

Answer: (a) Particles of matter particles attract one another.

(i) The force between particles of matter keeps them bonded together. The attraction force between
solid particles is the greatest, while between liquid particles is moderate, and between gas particles
is the lowest.

(iii) Our hand can be moved quickly through the air because of the low force of attraction between
gas particles. We must exert force to move our hands in water, but not from solids like wood.

(iii) This is because the force between gas particles is negligible in liquid but more significant in solid.

(iv) The attraction force between particles of solid, liquid, and gas can be organised in decreasing
order as follows: solid, liquid, and gas

(b) Particles of matter have space between them.

(i) Gas can easily be compressed because of the space between its particles.

(iii) Sugar particles dissolve in water. This happens because sugar particles are adjusted in the space
between water particles. You will also notice that no water level increases when adding one teaspoon
or more sugar to a glass. This is because particles are adjusted in the space between each water
particle.

Q15. Water at room temperature can be considered a liquid. Give reasons.

Answer: Water at room temperature can be considered a liquid since it has fluidity, a definite volume
and no definite form.

Q16. We can smell the hot, smoky food from several metres away. It isn’t true if the food is cold.
Explain.

Answer: The vapours from hot and steamy food are released when it is still warm. These particles
easily mix with air particles because the particle’s kinetic energy is exceptionally high in the vapour
state. They can reach us from several metres away. The vapours that are released when food is cold
will be much lower. Their kinetic energy is also quite less. . These conditions require one to be very
close to the food to get a good smell.

Q17. What is the purpose of a gas filling up a vessel?

Answer: This is due to the rapid diffusion of particles in a gas. There are a lot of empty spaces and
voids in a gaseous state. The particles of a gas will move very quickly. They quickly fill the container
in which they are kept. The volume of the gas will be the same as the vessel.

Q18. How does water in an earthen pot (matka) cool down during summer?

Answer: Because the earthen pot is porous and has tiny pores, the water inside it remains cool in
summer. . The water temperature inside the pot is much lower than the outside temperature This
causes water to escape from the pot’s surface and evaporates, so the water remains cool. .

Q19. Liquids have a lower density than solids. You must have noticed that ice floats on water. Reason
why.

Answer: Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. (density = weight/volume). The density
of a substance decreases as it grows in volume. Although ice is solid, there are large amounts of
space between its particles. These spaces are much larger than the space between water particles.
The ice volume is, therefore, larger than the volume of water. Therefore, ice has a lower density than
water. Ice can float on substances with a lower density than water. Hence, ice floats on water.

Q20. Which of the following phenomena would cause the temperature to rise?

(a) Diffusion and evaporation of gases.

(b) Evaporation and compression of gases, solubility

(c) Evaporation and diffusion of gases, expansion

(d) Evaporation and solubility, diffusion, compression

Answer: (c) Evaporation and diffusion of gases, expansion

Explanation: Because they have kinetic energy, matter particles are constantly moving. Diffusion is
when matter particles are mixed at high temperatures. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid into
vapour. As temperature increases, molecules vibrate and move so fast that they escape to the
atmosphere as vapours. Temperature increases cause molecules to move faster, resulting in
expansion of gas.

Q21. Seema visited the Natural Gas Compressing Unit to discover that the gas can be liquefied at
specific temperatures and pressures. She shared her experience with her friends but got confused.
Help her identify the right set of conditions.

(a) Low temperature and low pressure

(b) High Temperature, Low Pressure

(c) Low temperature and high-pressure

(d) High temperature and high-pressure

Answer: (c) Low temperature and high-pressure

Explanation:

Low temperature and high pressure are required to compress gas into a liquid. There is a lot of space
between the gas particles. When pressure is applied, the gas particles get closer and start to attract
one another to form a liquid. Gas is compressed and generates a lot of heat. It is, therefore,
necessary to cool it. Cooling reduces the temperature and aids in liquefying compressed gas.

Q22. The “cooling off” causes the water in earthen pots to cool down during summer.

(a) Diffusion

(b) Transpiration

(c) Osmosis

(d) Evaporation

Answer: (d) Evaporation

Explanation: The temperature of the immediate environment is reduced by the evaporation of water
through pores in an earthen pot. This results in after a while; the water will cool down. Transpiration
is the movement of water through plants and its evaporation through its aerial components.
Diffusion refers to the movement of a substance in an area with a higher concentration to one of
lower concentrations. Semipermeable membranes are used to prevent solvent molecules from
passing through semipermeable membranes. It is also known as osmosis, which converts a solution
into a concentrated one.

Q23. Select the correct statement from the following:

(a) Sublimation is the conversion of solids into vapours without going through the liquid.

(b) Vaporisation is the conversion of vapours to solid without going through the liquid state.

(c) The conversion of vapours to solid without passing through the liquid is known as freezing.

(d) Sublimation is the conversion of solid to liquid.

Answer: (a) Sublimation is the conversion of solids into vapours without going through the liquid.

Explanation:

Sublimation refers to the process by which a solid becomes vaporous without going through its
liquid state. Vaporisation refers to a phase change from liquid to vapours. Freezing is converting
liquid to solid at a substance’s freezing temperature.

Q24. It is your favourite shirt that you want to wear to a party. However, it is still damp after washing.
Explain the process of evaporation using different methods to dry the damp shirt.

Answer: The process of evaporation causes clothes to dry faster. Follow these steps to dry your shirt
quickly.

Turn on the fan on high-speed to dry the shirt underneath. As the speed of the fan increases, water
from the damp shirt reduces due to evaporation. . This reduces the amount of water vapour in the
surrounding, speeding up the process of evaporation. The shirt will dry faster.

The shirt will dry faster if spread on a clothesline.. The shirt will dry faster if it has a larger surface
area.

The shirt can be dried in the sun. High temperatures increase the kinetic energy required to convert
water vapour to vapour. This will accelerate the evaporation process, and the shirt will dry quickly.

Iron your shirt. The speed of evaporation or evaporation is increased by heat. This will allow the shirt
to dry faster.

Q25. What is the reason why the temperature of a substance remains constant at its melting point or
boiling point?

Answer: Latent heat of fusion is why a substance’s temperature remains constant throughout
melting and boiling and continues to rise after the end of boiling and melting. Latent heat from
fusion is a force that allows solid particles to melt into liquids. Hence temperature remains constant.
The same happens when vapours form. Latent heat aids solid substances from becoming gaseous.
The temperature of a substance remains constant even at its boiling point.

Q26. Fill in the blanks.

a) Evaporation of a liquid at normal temperature will lead to a _____ effect.

b) At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are ____
than those in the gaseous state.

c) The arrangement of particles will be less in order in the ____ state. Therefore, there is no order in
the_______ state.
d) ____ is the change of gaseous state which directly converts to solid-state without going through
the _____ state.

e) The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any room temperature below its
boiling point will be known as _____

Answer: a) cooling

b) stronger

c) liquid, gaseous

d) Sublimation, liquid

e) evaporation

Q27. What are the conditions for “something” to be called matter?

Answer: The main conditions for something to matter are should:

(a) occupy space and

(b) have mass

Q28. Name two processes that provide the most evidence of the moving particles in matter.

Answer: Brownian motion and diffusion are the best examples of random motion of particles within
matter.

Q29. What single term can describe copper sulphate mixed with water in a cup?

Answer: Diffusion is the singular term that describes the mixture of copper sulphate and water in a
cup..

Q30. The density of gases can change with:

a) temperature and volume

b) pressure only

c) temperature only

d) pressure and temperature

Answer: b) Pressure only

Q31. What will happen to the volume of the solution when a small amount of sugar is dissolved in it?

Volume will increase

The volume will decrease

Volume first increases, then decrease

No change in volume

Answer: 2) Volume will increase

Q32. When a liquid starts boiling, the further heat energy which is supplied-

It is lost due to the surroundings as such

May increase the temperature of the liquid

Increase the kinetic energy of the liquid

It is absorbed as latent heat of evaporation by the liquid.

Answer: d) Is absorbed as latent heat of evaporation by the liquid.