Calculo Integral Eje 2
Calculo Integral Eje 2
Calculo Integral Eje 2
Método de Integración
Estudiantes
Docente
Agosto 2024
Introducción
a) ∫ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙
u=x dv = cosxdx
du = dx v = senx
b) ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝑳𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
u = lnx dv = 𝑥2dx
du = 1 dx v = 1 𝑥3
𝑥 3
1
∫ 𝑥2𝑙𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 1 𝑥3𝑙𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥3. 1 dx = 1 𝑥3 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 1 ∫ 𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 = 1 𝑥3𝑙𝑛𝑥 −
3 3 𝑥 3 3 3
1 𝑥3 +C
9
c) ∫ 𝒙𝟐𝒆𝒙 dx
u = 𝑥2 dv = 𝑒 𝑥 dx
du = 2xdx v = 𝑒 𝑥
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2∫ 𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑑𝑥
Vamos a evaluar
a) ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟑𝟐𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛32𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠22𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠22𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠42𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠22𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠42𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑢 (− ) 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑢 (− ) 𝑑𝑢 = − ∗ 𝑢 − (− ) ∗ − 𝑢5
2 4 3
1 21 2 2 3 2 5
=− 𝑢 + 3
𝑢5
6 10
1 1
= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠32𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠52𝑥 + 𝐶
6 10
𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
b)∫
(𝟏−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
= ∫ (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢 1
1 ∫ √𝑡𝑎𝑛( ) 1 1
2. . 2 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2. 2 . ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 2. . 𝑣−12 +1
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢) √𝒗 2 − +1
2
1 2𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛−2 +1( 2 )
2. 1 . 1 = 2√𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) = 2√𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) +c
2 −2 +1
1
a) ∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2√𝑎 −𝑥
−𝜋
Sustituimos X = ase𝑛𝜃, ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋, dx = acos𝜃𝑑𝜃 Entonces
2 2
dx = acos𝜃𝑑𝜃 y √𝑎2 − 𝑥2 = √𝑎2 − 𝑎2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 = √𝑎2(1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 = acos𝜃
𝑥2 = 𝑎2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑥2√𝑎2 − 𝑥2 = 𝑎2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃(𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
1 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 1 −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝜃𝑑𝜃 = +𝐶
2 2 2
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2 𝑎 2
𝑥2√𝑎 −𝑥 𝑎
𝑥 𝑥
de X= asen𝜃 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = , entonces 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥 √𝑎2−𝑥2
Cot (𝑠𝑒𝑛−1( )) = de acuerdo al triangulo
𝑎 𝑥
a x
−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 √𝑎2−𝑥2 1 √𝑎2−𝑥2
= = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑎 2 𝑥2 2 2
𝑥2√𝑎 −𝑥
𝑎2 𝑥2
√𝑎2 − 𝑥2
1
b)∫ √𝑎2+𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
X = atan𝜃 y dx = a𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃𝑑𝜃, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
= √𝑎2 + 𝑥2 = √𝑎2 + 𝑎2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = √𝑎2 − (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
1 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝜃 = ∫𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃
√𝑎 + 𝑥
2 2 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃 = ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)(1)𝑑𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃. 𝑑𝜃=∫ 𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Siendo u =tan𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝒅𝒖
∫ 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ = 𝑙𝑛𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃| + 𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝒖
√𝑎2+𝑥2 𝑥
de la figura se tiene sec𝜃= y tan𝜃 =
𝑎 𝑎
√𝑎2+𝑥2 𝑥+ √𝑎2+𝑥2
𝑥
X sec𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = + =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
√𝑎2 + 𝑥2
1 𝑥+√𝑎2+𝑥2
𝜽 ∫ |+𝐶
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 | 𝑎
√𝑎2+𝑥2
a
√𝑥2−𝑎2
c)
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
X = asec𝜃 dx = asec𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
√𝑥2 − 𝑎2 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑥 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
√𝑥2−𝑎2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑎. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 − 1)𝑑𝜃
𝑥
= ∫ 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑑𝜃 − 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝜃
atan𝜃 − 𝑎𝜃 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
Siendo X = asec𝜃 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = igual 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1
𝑎 𝑎
√𝑥2−𝑎2
Vemos en esta figura que tang𝜃 =
𝑎
√𝑥2−𝑎2
atan𝜃 = 𝑎 = √𝑥2 − 𝑎2
𝑎
X
√𝑥2−𝑎2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑎. 𝑠𝑒𝑐−1 𝑥 + 𝐶 √𝑥2 − 𝑎2
𝑥 𝑎
a
a
4. Resuelva cada una de las siguientes integrales utilizando
fracciones parciales.
𝑥
a) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥+1 𝑥 1
X → =1−
1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
−𝑥 − 1
−1
𝑥 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑥3−1
b) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥3−1 7
𝑥3 + 0 + 0 − 1 → = 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4 +
𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
−𝑥3 + 2𝑥2
2𝑥2 + 0
-2𝑥2 + 4𝑥
_
4x - 1
4x + 8
+ 7
𝑥3 − 1 7 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥2𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 7 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
𝑥3
=
3
+ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 7 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 − 2| + 𝐶
𝑥3+1
c) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)3
𝑥3 + 1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
= + + +
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)3 𝑥+2 𝑥−1 (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 − 1)3
2B – 2C + 2D = 1 2(1 – A) – 2(3A) + 2D = 1
2 – 2A – 6A + 2D = 1
2 – 8A+2D = 1
2D = 1 – 2 + 8A
D = -1 + 4𝐴
2
3A - 3B + C + D = 0
3A – 3(1 – A) + 3A - 1 + 4𝐴 = 0
2
3A – 3 + 3A + 3A - 1 + 4𝐴 = 0
2
13A – 3 - 1 =0
2
7
13A =
2
7
A=
26
7 19
B=1–A B=1- B=
26 26
7 21
C = 3A C = 3. C=
26 26
1 1 7 1 −13+28 15
D = - + 4𝐴 D=− + 4. D=− + 28 D= D=
2 2 26 2 26 26 26
𝑥3+1 7 19 21 15
26 26 26 26
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)3
= 𝑋+2
+ 𝑋−1 + (𝑋−1)2
+ (𝑋−1)3
7
𝑥3+1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 19 𝑑𝑥 21 𝑑𝑥 15 𝑑𝑥
∫ 3
∫ + ∫ + ∫ + ∫
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1) 26 𝑥+2 26 𝑥−1 26 (𝑥−1)2 26 (𝑥−1)3
𝑥3+1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 =
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)3
19 21 15
7 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 + 2| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 − 1| − (𝑥 − 1)−1 − (𝑥 − 1)−2 + 𝐶
26 26 26 52
Conclusion
https://edumatth.weebly.com/caacutelculo-integral.html
https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/escolar/matematicas/calculo/integrales/ejer
cicios-de-integrales-21.html
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