Earth Science for STEM

Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Energy Resources
CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 8
Earth Science for STEM
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Energy Resources
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Dennis B. Masangcay

Editors: Ferdinand M. De Castro, Rogelio D. Canuel
Reviewers: Mark Anthony P. Lagumen, Ma. Ruby A. Mendoza, Rogelio D. Canuel,
Maria Carminda S. Feliciano, Cyrus T. Festijo, Rowena D. Cabanding
Illustrator: Lallie C. Buensalida
Layout Artist: Annaliza Q. Aviles
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito O. Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Sacoro R. Comia
Fe M. Fallurin
Marieta N. Perez

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Earth Science for
STEM
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Energy Resources

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding
of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concepts on energy resources. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Geothermal Energy Resource

• Lesson 2 – Hydroelectric Power Resource

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. relate geologic processes and features to potentiality of a country to have

geothermal and hydropower plant;
2. explain the processes of obtaining energy from underground heat and
flowing water;
3. determine the possible effects of power plants to the environment; and
4. propose an action plan in Input-Process-Output (IPO) form to conserve
energy.

What I Know

Read each item carefully. Analyze each statement and discriminate whether the
statement express correct expression or not based on the underlined word/group
of words. Write:
A – if the statement expresses correct idea
B – if the statement expresses incorrect idea
C – if the statement may be either correct or incorrect based on the
situation

1. Heat can be created and converted into other forms.

2. Increase in heat and pressure is experienced as one goes deeper.

3. Most power plants that harness renewable energy resources use turbines
and generators.

4. When hot spring is present in the area, then, a geothermal power plant
can be built using the heat from it.

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 5. Philippines has low capability of producing electricity sourced from
renewable resources.

6. Geothermal heat pump requires temperature range of 300 – 700 oF to

make a building warm during winter.

7. In a power plant, the turbine directly generates the electricity sent to the
transmission lines.

8. The country (Philippines) is largely dependent on non-renewable energy

resources like fossil fuels.

9. The strength of water current (flow) is dependent on steepness of the

path from the source.

10. Climate change affects hydropower generation.

11. Hydrologic cycle is the key to make electricity production possible using
hydropower plants.

12. Among the types of hydropower plants, pumped storage facilities possess
the most efficient process of generating electricity.

13. Between hydropower and geothermal power plant, the first one produces
more harmful effects to the environment.

14. Large volume of water flowing from a source at great height produces
large amount of electrical energy.

15. Hydroelectric plants convert electrical energy to mechanical energy.

Lesso
Geothermal Energy
n 1 Resource
The Earth through its endogenic and exogenic processes exhibits different forms
of energy that when harnessed can be transformed into sustainable energy
resources. As the population rises year by year, the demand for energy supply is
expected. Thus, scientists and technologists collaborate to find new ways on how
existing energy on Earth can be converted into usable form applying the basic
laws of nature.

What’s In

From the previous lessons, you learned that energy can be transformed and
conserved. There are different forms of energy around you that are

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simultaneously converted from one form to another. These energy
transformations lead to different studies on how to make it usable by humans in
making daily tasks easier with the use of modern technologies. At present, most
technologies are possible due to electrical energy from different sources. From
your knowledge about energy resources, as it is existing into two general forms
such as renewable and nonrenewable, the lessons below will expand your
understanding about using energy under the principle of sustainability. As
science progresses, the exploration on the possible source of energy is prioritized
due to global demand of production of different goods and services. Thus, the
current generation should use the available resources but not to the extent of
sacrificing the need of the future generations.

Notes to the
Teacher
For better connection to the lessons, you may provide a video on discussing
renewable and-renewable resources through either downloading
the material from
non energy
a site (for students having no internet connection at
or giving the link of the video (for students having available internet
home)
connection at home). Through the activity, the studentsto have
may be able
strong connection to the concepts to be tackled by this module.

What’s New

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Hot and Cold
Heat is one of the types of energy that is dynamic, transferable and can be
converted into useful forms. It is the product of random motion of particles that
are continuously colliding and vibrating. Heat results to certain level of
temperature (hotness or coldness) of a given body. Observing the earth, as you
go down, tremendous heat will be experienced. This is a result of radioactivity at
its interior. The heat generated beneath the ground is called geothermal energy,
that when harnessed can generate electrical energy for community use. This is
possible when a geothermal power plant is established equipped with technology
that runs the process of energy conversion.

Activity 1 Exploration for Geothermal Sites

The first step of harnessing geothermal energy into usable electrical energy is to
look for the possible sites where the power plant can be situated. Study the
figure 1.1-1.4
to figure out the area possible for the construction of the plant. Write your
observation in the box provided after each picture.
Figure 1.1.
The Hot
Spring

For your
information…
This is part of Mt. Hengill in
Iceland with a total area of
100sq. kilometer. It is
extremely popular site for
hiker and hot spring
enthusiasts.
Source:
https://guidetoiceland.is/nature
-
info/ -area-i -icelan
geothermal s nd

What I observe in the

picture…
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 Figure1.2.
The
Fumarole
For your
information…
It can be found around
Mutnovsky Volcano in
Russia. Thesite normally
emitscarbon dioxide, sulfur
dioxide, hydrogen chloride,
and hydrogen sulfide.
Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F
ile:Fumarole_in_the_Mutnovsky_Volcano
_-
_Kam%C4%8Datka,_Russian_Federatio
n -_Summer_1993_01.jp
_ g

What observe
I in the
picture…
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Figure1.3.
The
Volcano
For your
information…
This landform is the
famous Taal which is
one of most active
caldera volcanoes in
the country and in the
world. It recently
erupted last January
12, 2020.
Source:
https://www.volcanodiscover
y.com/taal.html

What I observe in the

picture…
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 Figure1.4.The Geyser

For your
information…
This is a famous
geyser call the
Great Geysir in
Iceland. The
word geyser
originates from
Icelandic verb
gjo’sa, meaning,
‘to gush’.

Source:
https://smartwatermagazine.com/blogs/magical-water-destinations/iceland-a-country-geysers

What I observe in the picture…

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Directions: Based on your description, choose the words that are strongly
connected and common among the given pictures.

heat eruption temperature hillside

energy magma forest mountain

gases water smoke fossil

rocks hole steam

After giving your observation in each picture, let us find out the common in them.
Answering the questions below will lead you to understanding about the site
requirement for construction of a geothermal power plant.

How would you describe the areas (site) in the picture? What feature is common
in them?

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Using your knowledge about earth’s endogenic processes and plate tectonic
theory, where can we usually find the areas (sites) in the pictures?
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What type of energy is present in the areas?

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What are the possible uses of this energy?

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Based on your observation, why do you think they have the potential to be the
site for geothermal power plant? How do you say so?
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Do you think the country has potential to have geothermal power plant? Why or
Why not?
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Study the map (Figure 1.5) below. Based on your understanding about the
physical features of the site wherein geothermal power plant can be situated,
what provinces in the country we can put up the plant?

Figure1.5

Source:phivolcs.dost.gov.ph

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

Why do you think the Philippines has a lot of volcanoes making most areas to be
potential for the use of geothermal energy for the generation of electricity?
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Activity 2 Harnessing Geothermal Energy
Getting down beneath the ground, you will experience increase in both
temperature and pressure. Thus, in putting up a geothermal power plant, it is
required to drill 1 to 2 miles deep to pump steam or hot water into the surface.
At this depth, the power plant that uses hydrothermal resources (having both
water and heat) can attain the required temperature that is about 300 oF to 700
o
F. Figure 1.6 shows how a type of geothermal power plant works.

Figure 1.6 Geothermal Power Plant

Source: https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/
geothermal.html

What are the basic parts of a geothermal power plant to produce electricity?

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Following the numbers in the figure, how does a geothermal power plant work?

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Geothermal energy is not only used by a power plant for electricity generation.
Another way of using the energy is through heat pumps that can be installed at

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home. Heat pump works depending on the season using water or a refrigerant
and obtaining the Earth’s constant temperature (50 – 60 oF) below the ground.

For instance, it makes the house warm during winter and cold during summer as
shown in the Figure 1.7.

Figure 1.7 Geothermal Heat Pump

Source: https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/
geothermal.html

How does a heat pump make a house warm during winter and cold during
summer?

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Based on the activity, what are the ways to harness geothermal energy into
usable form?

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Figure 1.8 shows the different types of geothermal power plant with information

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in tabular form. What type of power plant is shown in figure 1.6? How do you say
so?

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Figure 1.8. Types of Geothermal Power plant

Type Description

Dry Steam Plants It sips directly hot steam beneath the ground
through pipes to mobilize generator turbines.

Flash Steam Plants It pipes high pressure hot water from geothermal
reservoir and convert it into steam that turn
generator turbines to produce electricity.

Binary Cycle Plants It has a system that transfers heat from hot
water sipped miles deep to other liquid.
Exceedingly high temperature from geothermal
water changes the other liquid into steam to
drive the generator turbines.

Thousand years ago, ancient people like Romans, Chinese and Native Americans
have used geothermal energy for daily activities such as cooking and bathing. At
present, among the different countries around the world, geothermal energy is
commonly used by people who are living in Iceland in heating water and
building.

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 What is It

Read Me!
1. The country’s potentiality to harness non-renewable energy resources is
dependent on its geologic processes and features. For instance, the
presence of geologic features such as volcanoes and fumaroles, hot
springs, and geysers are indicators that there are available passages for
geothermal energy to reach the surface of the earth. For hydropower, the
process of hydrologic cycle is important for the replenishment of water in
rivers and dams. The volume (density) and the steepness of the slope
(gravity) affects the efficiency of the power plant to generate electricity.

2. Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth’s core due to the slow decay
of radioactive substances. Different layers of the earth possess different
temperatures as the core found to be the hottest. This energy comes out
to the surface through the tectonic plate boundaries and edges where
most formation of volcanoes occurs. When molten materials (magma)
come out through the spaces in between the plates, they heat up the
ground water suspended in the porous rocks. The process produces steam
(hydrothermal) that builds pressure needed to be emitted to the surface
through volcanoes. In this case, Philippines, being one of the countries
within the Ring of Fire that encircles the Pacific Ocean, is rich in renewable
geothermal energy and has high potential to harness it into electricity.

3. To test the capability of the area, geologists apply several methods to

determine whether an area has potentiality for geothermal reservoir. For
instance, drilling a well and measuring the temperature (300 – 700 oF) is
the most reliable method before putting up a power plant. If the obtained
temperature is 50 – 60 oF, then, it can be used for household purposes
only like warming a house and building during winter.

4. Applications of geothermal energy can be attained through either getting

the surface heat for heating purposes or drilling miles beneath the ground
for electricity generation. There are three main types of geothermal
energy systems: 1) direct use and district heating, 2) geothermal power
plants and 3) geothermal heat pumps.

5. Direct use and district heating systems use hot water from springs or
reservoirs located near the surface of the earth. Ancient Roman, Chinese,
and Native American cultures used hot mineral springs for bathing,
cooking, and heating. Today, many hot springs are still used for bathing,

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 and many people believe the hot, mineral-rich waters have health
benefits. Geothermal energy is also used to directly heat individual
buildings and to heat multiple buildings with district heating systems. Hot
water near the earth's surface is piped into buildings for heat. A district
heating system provides heat for most of the buildings in Reykjavik,
Iceland. Industrial applications of geothermal energy include food
dehydration (drying), gold mining, and milk pasteurizing.

6. Geothermal power plants are generally constructed where geothermal

reservoirs are located, within a mile or two from the earth's surface.
Geothermal power plants apply hydrothermal resources that have both
water (hydro) and heat (thermal). People utilize these resources by drilling
wells into the earth and then piping steam or hot water to the surface. The
hot water or steam powers a turbine that generates electricity. Some
geothermal wells are as much as two miles deep depending on the
availability of sufficient geothermal source. There are three basic types of
geothermal power plants:
1) dry steam plants, 2) flash steam plants and 3) binary cycle power
plants.

7. Geothermal heat pumps apply the constant temperatures near the surface
of the earth to increase and decrease the temperature of buildings or
houses. Geothermal heat pumps transfer heat from the ground (or water)
into buildings during the winter and reverse the process in the summer
with the use of refrigerant.

8. The environmental effects of geothermal energy depend on how

geothermal energy is consumed or how it is transformed into useful
energy. Direct use applications and geothermal heat pumps have almost
no negative effects on the environment. In fact, they reduce the use of
energy sources that may have harmful effects the environment due to
emission of greenhouse gases. Geothermal power plants do not burn fuel
to generate electricity, so the levels of air pollutants they exhaust are low.
Geothermal power plants emit 97% less acid rain-causing sulfur
compounds and about 99% less carbon dioxide than fossil fuel power
plants of similar size. Geothermal power plants use scrubbers to remove
the hydrogen sulfide naturally found in geothermal reservoirs. Most
geothermal power plants inject the geothermal steam and water that they
use back into the earth. This recycling helps to renew the geothermal
resource.

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 Lesso
Hydroelectric Power
n 2 Resource
The quest for sustainable energy is at top priority of most country. As the
demand for energy continues to increase, different alternatives that focus on
renewable energy resources are best options around the globe. Natural
resources such as solar, wind and water are some of the alternatives that most
scientists and technology developers are eying for. Based on researches, these
means not only secure the supply of energy of a country, but also preserve the
environment for future generations.

What’s In

Water is life. Different life processes within and outside the body requires water
to perform biological and ecological tasks. Aside from these essentialities, its
nature and mechanism in the environment can be harnessed to add up to the
supply of energy needed by the community. The key to this energy conversion is
water cycle. Through the unending process of evaporation, condensation and
precipitation, the water in streams, lakes, rivers, and falls are replenished. Due
to its ability to flow, current is occurred based on the slope (gravitational) and
other external forces (wind).

Notes to the
Teacher of the target concepts
Before the formal discussion lesson,
in this
the
teacher may devise a simple activity on water cycle the students may
perform at home. The activity should have proper steps and precautionary
measures. Videos or link of videos on how different bodies of water are
formed may be provided ents.
to stud
This task may effectively give them
important concepts that are strongly connected to the topic to be
tackled.

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 What’s New

Energy in Current
One requirement for water to become energy resource is the presence of
current. Current in streams and rivers is largely affected by gravity based on the
steepness of slope of the runways and the obstacles that may hinder the flow.
Since the water is flowing down the sea level, it possesses certain amount of
potential energy which is directly proportional to the density and height where
the source is located. To convert this energy into usable form (electrical energy),
a hydroelectric power plant must be established.

Activity 1 Tracing the Running Water

The process of converting mechanical energy from running water to electrical
energy is called hydroelectricity. Since 71% of the earth is water, this energy
resource is considered renewable and is dependent on hydrologic cycle that
involves the heat from the sun to change liquid water into vapor. Looking back to
the history, the use of running water is for milling process (grinding grains).
To understand the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, Figure
2.1, and 2.2 will give you clue on what part of the river the power plant may
perfectly situated. Study the figures and describe the strength of the current
based on the given features. Write your description in the box.
Figure
2.1

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Which part of the river possesses the strongest water current? How do you say
so?
Which part has the weakest current? Why?
Where do you think the power plant can be possibly situated? Why?

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 Figure
2.2

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How do you describe the strength of the water current from the river head to the
river mouth?

At what course the water possesses the strongest water current? Why?

What factor affects the strength of water current? How do you say so?

Based on the figure, what part of the river a power plant can be most possibly
situated? Why?

Can we put up a power plant at the middle course or lower course? How?
Figure 2.3

A C

B D

Source: freepik.com

The figure shows different forms of falls. If these falls have the same height,
which of them has the best potential to be site of hydroelectric power plant? How
do you say so?
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Figure 2.4. Philippine River Basins
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 Source: http://www.nwrb.gov.ph/images/Site_image/Water-

Resources-Region_Map

Our country is composed of different bodies of water. Based on your

understanding about the geologic requirements and looking at the map, what
provinces or places in the Philippines a hydroelectric power plant may be
situated?
Luzon Visayas Mindanao

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Activity 2 Running Water to Electricity
The strength of the current is a good reference on where the power plant may be
constructed. Understanding riverscape, it can be concluded that the current
(mechanical energy) is affected by the volume of water flow and the steepness of
the landscape. Rivers with high volume of water flowing at great height possess
the best potential to be sources of hydropower. Hydropower constitutes the
highest energy percentage (about 6.7%) among renewable energy resources.
Study Figures 2.5 and 2.6 showing different types of a hydropower plant
(hydroelectric power plant).
Partially explain how they work.
Figure . Impoundment
2.5 Facilities

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Figure . Pumped Storage

2.6 Facilities

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 Figure . Ru -o -river
2.7 n f Facilities

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Which of the figures has greatest advantage in terms of efficiency in generating

electricity? Explain your answer.
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What about the one having the least advantage in efficiency? How do you say
so?
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In building the dams for hydropower, what do you think is/are the advantage/s
aside from power generation? Disadvantage/s?

Advantages Disadvantages

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 What is It

Read Me!
1. Hydropower or hydroelectricity is the conversion of flowing water
(mechanical energy) into electrical energy. Using this renewable (can be
replaced within human life span) energy resource, water (hydrologic) cycle
that requires solar energy dictates precipitation that can be collected by
streams and rivers when falls in the form of rain or snow. The amount of
water in the area determines the efficiency in generating electrical energy.
Thus, irregularities in seasons and climate change that may result to
droughts directly affects the hydropower production. In terms of actual
production, the volume of water and the height of the source determines
the rate of power generation.

2. There are three main types of hydro plants. 1) Impoundment facilities

are the most common technology which uses a dam to create a large
reservoir of water. Electricity is made when water passes through turbines
in the dam. 2) Pumped storage facilities are similar but have a
second reservoir below the dam. Water can be pumped from the lower
reservoir to the upper reservoir, storing energy for use later. 3) Run-of-
river facilities rely more on natural water flow rates, diverting just a
portion of river water through turbines, sometimes without the use of a
dam or reservoirs. Since run-of-river hydro is subject to natural water
variability, it is more intermittent than dammed hydro.

3. However, there are many concerns with hydropower, particularly large

dam facilities. Damming a river has a significant impact on the regional
ecosystem, by flooding upstream landscapes, disrupting habitats for
wildlife, blocking fish passages, and often displacing local communities. In
addition, dam failures can be catastrophic, further disrupting landscapes
and claiming the lives of those living downstream. Finally, hydro plants are
not completely free of greenhouse gas emissions. As with most forms of
energy, carbon dioxide emissions occur during construction, particularly
because of the large quantities of cement used, and loss of vegetation in
flooded areas creates methane, another greenhouse gas, as its matter
decays underwater.

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 What’s More

Word Matters! Understanding Matters!

The key to understanding scientific concepts is to be familiar with its
terminologies. This activity will test your vocabulary power.

Identify the term/word based on the given definition in each item. Supply the set
of boxes with letters to form the mystery word.

1. Power plants that use heat from deep inside the Earth to generate steam
to make electricity.
E E

2. Tap into heat close to the Earth's surface to heat water or provide heat
for buildings.
H U

3. Found in this area are best locations for geothermal energy.

N I

4. Renewable energy source because heat is continuously produced inside

the earth.
O M

5. Naturally occurring areas of hydrothermal resources.

T R R R S

6. Holes in the earth where volcanic gases are released.

C N F O S

7. Along these boundaries are found the most active geothermal resources.
E O A E

8. Conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity.

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 R E I

9. The most common technology which uses a dam to create a large

reservoir of water.
U E F L

10. Energy that heats water on the surface of rivers, lakes, and oceans, which
causes the water to evaporate.

What I Have Learned

Hocus Focus!

Today I learned that…

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What I Can Do

Becoming a Power Filipino!

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The power generation of the country can be
measured through gross power generation
and installed capacity. Gross power
generation is the total generation of
electricity by an electric power plant while
installed capacity is the maximum amount of
electricity that the power plant can produce.
According to DOE, the country is still largely
dependent on coal as primary energy source
with 52.05% share in gross power generation
(GWh) as of December 2018. This is followed
by renewable energy sources such as
geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind with a
22.27% share. In terms of installed capacity,
coal still constitutes the highest share (with
39.2%) followed by renewable energy
(29.3%).
(Data Source: https://www.doe.gov.ph)

Based on the given data, do you think the government may still explore more
nonrenewable energy resources like geothermal and hydropower? Why?

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Since the country still primarily dependent on non-renewable energy resource

(coal), what actions as citizen you can do to support sustainable use of energy?
Below is an IPO model that represents how you will become a “Power Filipino”.
energy? The
can create project may be
INPUT for done in school,
What personal sustainable use of at home and
in the
project/program you
CO_Q1_ESS SHS
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Module 8
 What are the
community. Cite the
success indicators
objectives of your (expected outcomes)
initiative. (e.g. that can be achieved
OplanTipidKuryente) when the strategies
and activities are
accomplished? (e.g.
Reduced Electricity
Consumption or
Electric Bill)

Rubrics:
Beginning Developing Accomplished Exemplary
Issue Does not Briefly Describes Thoroughly
description describe the describes issue and describes the
and issue. Does issue and its explains the issue.
importance not explain importance. importance of Thoroughly
the the issue. describes the
importance of importance of
the issue. the issue.
Current Does not list Lists current Lists and Thoroughly
action and current actions being describes describes
organizations action being taken and current current
taken or organizations, actions being action and
organizations but does not taken and organizations
taking action. elaborate. organizations taking action
taking action. at a variety
of levels.
Action Does not list Lists action Explains Clearly
Proposal action. but does not action explains
explain it or proposal and action
its outlines steps proposal and
importance. to achieve it. details steps
Explains the to achieve it.
importance of Thoroughly
the action. explains
importance of
the action.
PROCESS
What are the different
strategies and activities
you can do to attain
your objectives. (e.g. Set a
meeting with barangay
officials for the seminar
workshop on
OplanTipidKuryente)
OUTPUT

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Geothermal energy and hydropower are examples of renewable

resources because:
a. they are sourced from nature.
b. they can be replenished within human life span.
c. they can sustain electricity to the community.
d. they never harm the environment.

2. The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power.

This is because the country:
a. is abundant in natural gas.
b. is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
c. has many rocky and high mountains.
d. has numerous streams and rivers

3. Analogy: Heat pump: 50 – 60 oF; __________ : 300 – 700 oF

a. Dry Steam Plants
b. Flash Steam Plants
c. Binary Cycle Plants
d. All of the above

4. At a geothermal power plant, wells are drilled 1 or 2 miles deep into the
Earth. How does it work?
I. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process
again.
(5)
II. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which
causes the water to turn into steam. (2)
III. Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under
high pressure. (1)

b.
c.
d.

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 IV. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water.
(4)
V. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that
produces electricity. (3)
a. III – II – V – IV – I III – V – II – IV – I
III – II – IV – V – I
III – IV – II – V – I
5. Which of the following is NOT a geologic indicator for building geothermal
power plant? I. volcano II. geyser
III. hot spring
IV. rocky mountain
V. trench
a. I, II, and IV only
b. I, II, and III only
c. I and II only
d. IV and V only

6. Geothermal energy comes from deep inside the earth due to:
a. slow decay of radioactive particles in the earth's core.
b. friction between tectonic plates.
c. rotation of the earth in its axis.
d. absorption of solar energy.

7. The following are uses of geothermal energy EXCEPT:

a. bathing
b. heating
c. milling
d. power generating

8. Which of the following is NOT true about the impact of geothermal energy
resource to the environment?
a. Geothermal power plants do not burn fuel to generate electricity, so
the levels of air pollutants they emit are low.

b.
c.
d.

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Module 8
 b. Geothermal features in national parks, such as geysers and
fumaroles, making the site promotes sustainability.
c. Most geothermal power plants inject the geothermal steam and
water that they use back into the earth for recycling purposes.
d. The construction of geothermal power plants destroys natural
habitat disrupting ecological niche.

9. People have a long history of using the force of water flowing in streams
and rivers to produce mechanical energy for
a. milling cutting
sewing
molding

10. Which of the following are factors in generating hydropower?

I. Amount of precipitation
II. Height of the source
III. Density of substance
IV. Steepness of slope
a. I, II and III only
b. II, III, and IV only
c. I and II only
d. I, II, III and IV

11. Which of the following types of hydropower relies more on the natural
water flow rates, diverting just a portion of river water through turbines,
sometimes without the use of a dam or reservoirs?
a. Impoundment facilities
b. Pumped storage system
c. Run-of-river facilities
d. All of the above

12. Hydropower plants are completely free of greenhouse gas emission. The
statement is:
a. True, because hydropower is a renewable energy resource.
b. True, because power generation is dependent on water cycle only.
c. False, because carbon gas emission occurs during construction.

b.
c.
d.

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 d. False, because the energy conversion depletes the oxygen content
of the water.

13. Hydropower is largely dependent on

a. Carbon Cycle
b. Nitrogen Cycle
c. Water Cycle
d. Nutrient Cycle

14. Assessing the impact of plants, which of the following is TRUE about
geothermal and hydropower in terms of environmental concerns?
a. Geothermal is more environment friendly than hydropower plant.
b. Hydropower is more environment friendly than geothermal plant.
c. Both geothermal and hydropower plants are environment friendly.
d. The impact of the power plants to the environment depends on the
situation.

15. Both geothermal and hydropower plants require

a. Turbine
Generator
Transformer
All of the above

b.
c.
d.

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Module 8
 Additional Activities

Video Mode
If internet is available, you may watch the following videos using the link
below:

Video on Geothermal:
https://www.studentenergy.org/topics/geotherma
l

Video on Hydropower:
https:/ /www.studentenergy.org/topics/hydr
o-power

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 Answer Key

d 15. b 15.
a14. a14.
c13. a13.
c12. Solar 10. a12.
c11. Facilities a11.
d 10. Impoundment 9. a10.
a 9. Hydroelectricity 8. a 9.
d 8. Tectonic Plate 7. a 8.
c 7. Volcanos/Fumaroles 6. b 7.
a 6. Reservoirs b 6.
d 5. Geothermal 5. b 5.
a 4. Geothermal 4. b 4.
d 3. Ring of Fire 3. a 3.
b 2. Heat Pumps 2. a 2.
b 1. Geothermal 1. b 1.

Assessment What's More What I Know

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References

BP p.l.c. (2014). BP Statistical Review of World Energy

Chambers, A., Renewable Energy in Nontechnical Language (Tulsa,

Oklahoma: Pennwell Corporation, 2004) 147-171.

Carlson, John. “Geothermal.” Accessed

https://www.studentenergy.org/topics/geothermal

Muise, Stacy. “Hydropower.” Accessed

https://www.studentenergy.org/topics/hydro-power#reference-3

US Energy Information Administration (EIA). “Hydropower explained.”

Accessed https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/

US Energy Information Administration. “Geothermal explained.” Accessed

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/geothermal-
powerplants.php

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]