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    Assignment: Computer Network: Submitted To

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    singhshivay363
    Bca notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Assignment: Computer Network: Submitted To

    Uploaded by

    singhshivay363
    5 views9 pages
    Bca notes

    Original Title

    A1 23420111

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    Bca notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views9 pages

    Assignment: Computer Network: Submitted To

    Uploaded by

    singhshivay363
    Bca notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Assignment: Computer Network

    Submitted to:
    Mr. Anil Sagar

    Submitted by:
    Priya devi
    Branch: BCA –B
    Uni. Roll No: 23420111
    Q1. Explain the difference between OSI model and
    TCP/IP model?
    Sol:

    S NO. OSI MODEL TCP/IP MODEL


    1. OSI stands for Open TCP/IP stands for Transmission
    Systems Control Protocol/Internet
    Interconnection Protocol
    2. It has 7 layers It has 4 layers
    3. It is low in used It is mostly used
    4. It is vertically It is horizontally approached
    approached
    5. Delivery of the package Delivery of the package is not
    is guaranteed in OSI guaranteed in TCP/IP Model
    Model
    6. It is less reliable than It is more reliable than OSI
    TCP/IP Model Model
    7. Built into Data Link and Built into protocols like TCP
    Transport layer

    8. Replacement of tools Replacing the tools is not easy


    and changes can easily as it is in OSI Model
    be done in this model
    9.
    Q2. Explain the various types of address?

    Sol.
    Addressing Modes– The addressing mode specifies a rule for
    interpreting or modifying the address field of the instruction before the
    operand is actually executed.
    Physical Addressing mode: The physical address is also known as the
    MAC (Media Access Control) address or link address. It is the address of a
    node which is defined by its LAN or WAN. It is used by the data link layer and
    is the lowest level of addresses. The size of a physical address is 48 bits (6
    bytes).
    Below is a diagram representing the working mechanism of a physical
    address:

    Advantages:
     Physical addresses (MAC addresses) uniquely identify devices on a
    network.
     Physical packet enables efficient routing of data packets to specific
    devices.
    Disadvantages:
     Physical addressing mode lacks flexibility, making it difficult to adopt
    to changing network requirements.
     Duplicate physical addresses can cause conflicts and disrupt network
    communication.
    Logical addressing mode: Logical address also referred to as IP (Internet
    Protocol) address is a universal addressing system. It is used in the Network
    layer. There are two types of IP addresses – IPv4 and IPv6.
    Below is a diagram representing the working mechanism of Logical address:

    Advantages:
     Logical addresses can easily change or reassigned as needed.
     Logical addressing mode simplifies network management and routing.
    Disadvantages:
     Logical addresses can still experience conflicts if not properly
    managed.
     Logical addressing mode relies on routing protocols to function
    correctly.

    Q3. Explain various types of transmission media?

    Sol.

    Transmission media: A transmission medium is a physical path between


    the transmitter and the receiver. Transmission Media is broadly classified
    into the following types:
    1. Guided Media: Guided Media is also referred to as Wired or Bounded
    transmission media. Signals being transmitted are directed and confined in a
    narrow pathway by using physical links.

    Twisted Pair Cable: Twisted pair cable is type of copper cable used for
    transmitting data and voice communication. They consist of two insulated
    copper wires twisted together to form a pair.
    Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): UTP consists of two insulated copper
    wires twisted around one another. It is used for telephonic applications.

    Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): This type of cable consists of a special jacket
    (a copper braid covering or a foil shield) to block external interference. It is
    used in fast-data-rate Ethernet and in voice and data channels of telephone
    lines.

    Coaxial Cable: It has an outer plastic covering containing an insulation


    layer made of PVC or Teflon and 2 parallel conductors each having a
    separate insulated protection cover. The coaxial cable transmits information
    in two modes: Baseband mode and Broadband mode.

    Advantages of Coaxial Cable:


     Coaxial cables support high bandwidth.
     It is easy to install coaxial cables.
    Disadvantages of Coaxial Cable:
     Coaxial cables are expensive.
     As a Coaxial cable has multiple layers it is very bulky.

    Optical Fiber Cable: Optical Fiber Cable uses the concept of refraction of
    light through a core made up of glass or plastic. It is used for the
    transmission of large volumes of data. The cable can be unidirectional or
    bidirectional.

    Advantages of Optical Fiber Cable:


     Increased capacity and bandwidth
     Lightweight
     Less signal attenuation
    Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Cable:
     Difficult to install and maintain
     High cost
     Fragile
    Applications of Optical Fiber Cable:
     Medical Purpose: Used in several types of medical instruments.
     Defense Purpose: Used in transmission of data in aerospace.
     For Communication: This is largely used in formation of internet
    cables.
     Industrial Purpose: Used for lighting purposes and safety measures
    in designing the interior and exterior of automobiles.

    2. Unguided Media: It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded


    transmission media. No physical medium is required for the transmission of
    electromagnetic signals.
    There are 3 types of Signals transmitted through unguided media:
    Radio Waves:
    Radio waves are easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. The
    sending and receiving antennas need not be aligned. Frequency Range:3KHz
    – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and cordless phones use Radio waves for
    transmission.

    Microwaves:
    It is a line-of-sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need
    to be properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is
    directly proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz –
    300GHz. Micro waves are majorly used for mobile phone communication and
    television distribution.
    Infrared:
    Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot
    penetrate through obstacles. This prevents interference between systems.
    Frequency Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless
    mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.

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