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Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 1 3 1 4 2 4 8 6 1 5 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (EF/SG) 313465/2
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Data

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
4rf0

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

v2 = u 2 + 2as

hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h

upthrust F = ρgV

fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v!v
s

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2

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1 (a) (i) Define pressure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Use the answer to (a)(i) to show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.

[1]

(b) A horizontal pipe has length L and a circular cross‑section of radius R. A liquid of density ρ
flows through the pipe. The mass m of liquid flowing through the pipe in time t is given by

π(p2 – p1)R 4ρt

m=
8kL
where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the ends of the pipe and k is a constant.

Determine the SI base units of k.

SI base units .......................................................... [3]

(c) An experiment is performed to determine the value of k by measuring the values of the other
quantities in the equation in (b).

The values of L and R each have a percentage uncertainty of 2%.

State and explain, quantitatively, which of these two quantities contributes more to the
percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of k.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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2 (a) State what is meant by the centre of gravity of an object.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Two blocks are on a horizontal beam that is pivoted at its centre of gravity, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.

0.45 m 0.95 m 0.35 m

horizontal
30°
beam pivot
54 N support 2.4 N T string
ground

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

A large block of weight 54 N is a distance of 0.45 m from the pivot. A small block of weight
2.4 N is a distance of 0.95 m from the pivot and a distance of 0.35 m from the right‑hand end
of the beam.

The right‑hand end of the beam is connected to the ground by a string that is at an angle of
30° to the horizontal. The beam is in equilibrium.

(i) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate the tension T in the string.

T = ...................................................... N [3]

(ii) The string is cut so that the beam is no longer in equilibrium.

Calculate the magnitude of the resultant moment about the pivot acting on the beam
immediately after the string is cut.

resultant moment = ................................................... N m [1]

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(c) The beam in (b) rotates when the string is cut and the small block of weight 2.4 N is projected
through the air. Fig. 2.2 shows the last part of the path of the block before it hits the ground at
point Y.

path of X
block

1.8 m
horizontal ground
Y

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

At point X on the path, the block has a speed of 3.4 m s–1 and is at a height of 1.8 m above the
horizontal ground. Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy of the block for its movement
from X to Y.

decrease in gravitational potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

(ii) Use your answer to (c)(i) and conservation of energy to determine the kinetic energy of
the block at Y.

kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [3]

(iii) State the variation, if any, in the direction of the acceleration of the block as it moves
from X to Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) The block passes point X at time tX and arrives at point Y at time tY.

On Fig. 2.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the magnitude of the horizontal
component of the velocity of the block with time from tX to tY.
Numerical values are not required.

horizontal
component
of velocity

0
tX tY
time

Fig. 2.3
[1]

[Total: 12]

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3 A block is pulled by a force X in a straight line along a rough horizontal surface, as shown in
Fig. 3.1.

velocity
total resistive
force 0.80 N X horizontal surface

Fig. 3.1

Assume that the total resistive force opposing the motion of the block is 0.80 N at all speeds of the
block.

The variation with time t of the magnitude of the force X is shown in Fig. 3.2.

2.0
X/N
1.5

1.0

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s

Fig. 3.2

(a) (i) Define force.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the change in momentum of the block from time t = 0 to time t = 3.0 s.

change in momentum = ............................................ kg m s–1 [2]

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(b) (i) Describe and explain the motion of the block between time t = 3.0 s and time t = 6.0 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Force X produces a total power of 2.0 W when moving the block between time t = 3.0 s
and time t = 6.0 s.

Calculate the distance moved by the block during this time interval.

distance = ...................................................... m [3]

(c) The block is at rest at time t = 0.

On Fig. 3.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the momentum of the block with time t
from t = 0 to t = 6.0 s.
Numerical values of momentum are not required.

momentum

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s

Fig. 3.3
[2]

[Total: 10]

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10

4 A spring is suspended from a fixed point at one end. The spring is extended by a vertical force
applied to the other end. The variation of the applied force F with the length L of the spring is
shown in Fig. 4.1.

12

10
F/N
8

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
L / cm

Fig. 4.1

For the spring:

(a) state the name of the law that gives the relationship between the force and the extension

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) determine the spring constant, in N m–1

spring constant = ................................................ N m–1 [2]

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(c) determine the elastic potential energy when F = 6.0 N.

elastic potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

[Total: 5]

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5 (a) A progressive wave travels through a medium. The wave causes a particle of the medium to
vibrate along a line P. The energy of the wave propagates along a line Q.

Compare the directions of lines P and Q if the wave is:

(i) a transverse wave

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) a longitudinal wave.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A tube is closed at one end. A loudspeaker is placed near the other end of the tube, as shown
in Fig. 5.1.

tube

A A

loudspeaker
L

Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

The loudspeaker emits sound of frequency 1.7 kHz. The speed of sound in the air in the tube
is 340 m s–1. A stationary wave is formed with an antinode A at the open end of the tube.
There is only one other antinode A inside the tube, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

Determine:

(i) the wavelength of the sound

wavelength = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) the length L of the tube

L = ...................................................... m [1]

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(iii) the maximum wavelength of the sound from the loudspeaker that can produce a
stationary wave in the tube.

maximum wavelength = ...................................................... m [1]

(c) Two polarising filters are arranged so that their planes are vertical and parallel. The first
filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 35° to the vertical and the second filter has its
transmission axis at angle α to the vertical, as shown in Fig. 5.2.

35°
α
incident light beam,
intensity 8.5 W m–2 intensity 5.2 W m–2

transmission
first filter axis of filter second filter

Fig. 5.2

Angle α is greater than 35° and less than 90°. A beam of vertically polarised light of intensity
8.5 W m–2 is incident normally on the first filter.

(i) Show that the intensity of the light transmitted by the first filter is 5.7 W m–2.

[1]

(ii) The intensity of the light transmitted by the second filter is 5.2 W m–2.

Calculate angle α.

α = ........................................................° [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 (a) The current in a filament lamp decreases.

State and explain how the resistance of the lamp changes.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A cylindrical wire has length L and resistance R. The total number of free electrons (charge
carriers) contained in the volume of the wire is N. Each free electron has charge e. The
potential difference between the ends of the wire is V.

Determine expressions, in terms of some or all of the symbols e, L, N, R and V for:

(i) the current in the wire

current = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) the average drift speed of the free electrons

average drift speed = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) the average time taken for a free electron to move along the full length of the wire.

time taken = ......................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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7 (a) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected
to a light‑dependent resistor (LDR) and a fixed resistor, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

9.0 V

1800 Ω 1200 Ω

Fig. 7.1

The LDR and fixed resistor have resistances of 1800 Ω and 1200 Ω respectively.

Calculate the potential difference across the LDR.

potential difference = ...................................................... V [2]

(b) The circuit in (a) is now modified by adding a uniform resistance wire XY and a galvanometer,
as shown in Fig. 7.2.

9.0 V

Z
X Y

1800 Ω 1200 Ω

Fig. 7.2 (not to scale)

The length of the wire XY is 1.2 m. The movable connection Z is positioned on the wire XY so
that the galvanometer reading is zero.

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(i) Calculate the length XZ along the resistance wire.

length XZ = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) The environmental conditions change causing a decrease in the resistance of the LDR.
The temperature of the LDR remains constant.

State whether there is a decrease, increase or no change to:

• the intensity of the light illuminating the LDR

...........................................................................................................................................

• the total power produced by the battery

...........................................................................................................................................

• the length XZ so that the galvanometer reads zero.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 7]

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8 (a) Nucleus P and nucleus Q are isotopes of the same element.

Nucleus Q is unstable and emits a β– particle to form nucleus R.

(i) For nuclei P and Q, compare:

• the number of protons

...........................................................................................................................................

• the number of neutrons.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) When nucleus Q decays to form nucleus R, the quark composition of a nucleon changes.

State the change to the quark composition of the nucleon.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of another particle that must be emitted from nucleus Q in addition to the
β– particle.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A hadron consists of two charm quarks and one bottom quark.

Determine, in terms of the elementary charge e, the charge of the hadron.

charge = ....................................................... e [2]

[Total: 6]

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