Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

* 2 2 9 2 7 5 9 2 4 8 *
PHYSICS 9702/41
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions October/November 2019
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 25 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
DC (CJ) 184817
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2
Data
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2
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3
Formulae
1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV
Gm
gravitational potential φ = −
r
hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 〈c 〉
3 V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v =±ω√ (x02 – x2)

fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs
Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r
capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .
capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .
1
energy of charged capacitor W = 2 QV
electric current I = Anvq
resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .
resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .
BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq
alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t
radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )
0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A geostationary satellite orbits the Earth. The orbit of the satellite is circular and the period of
the orbit is 24 hours.
(i) State two other features of this orbit.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The radius of the orbit of the satellite is 4.23 × 104 km.
Determine a value for the mass of the Earth. Explain your working.
mass = ..................................................... kg [4]
[Total: 8]
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2 (a) The kinetic theory of gases is based on a number of assumptions about the molecules of a
gas.
State the assumption that is related to the volume of the molecules of the gas.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 2.40 × 10–2 m3 at a pressure of 4.60 × 105 Pa and a
temperature of 23 °C.
(i) Calculate the number of molecules in the gas.
number = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) Each molecule has a diameter of approximately 3 × 10–10 m.
Estimate the total volume of the gas molecules.
volume = .................................................... m3 [3]
(c) By reference to your answer in (b)(ii), suggest why the assumption in (a) is justified.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 9]

6
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3 (a) State what is meant by specific latent heat.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A student determines the specific latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid using the apparatus
illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
+
V
liquid A –
heater
pan of balance
Fig. 3.1
The heater is switched on. When the liquid is boiling at a constant rate, the balance reading is
noted at 2.0 minute intervals.
After 10 minutes, the current in the heater is reduced and the balance readings are taken for
a further 12 minutes.

8
The readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter are given in Fig. 3.2.
ammeter reading voltmeter reading

/A /V
from time 0 to time 10 minutes 1.2 230
after time 10 minutes 1.0 190
Fig. 3.2
The variation with time of the balance reading is shown in Fig. 3.3.
500
480
balance reading / g
460
440
420
400
380
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
time / minutes
Fig. 3.3
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(i) From time 0 to time 10.0 minutes, the mass of liquid evaporated is 56 g.
Use Fig. 3.3 to determine the mass of liquid evaporated from time 12.0 minutes to time
22.0 minutes.
mass = ....................................................... g [1]
(ii) Explain why, although the power of the heater is changed, the rate of loss of thermal
energy to the surroundings may be assumed to be constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Determine a value for the specific latent heat of vaporisation L of the liquid.
L = ................................................. J g–1 [4]
(iv) Calculate the rate at which thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings.
rate = ..................................................... W [2]
[Total: 10]

10
4 A mass is suspended vertically from a fixed point by means of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
spring
mass
Fig. 4.1
The mass is oscillating vertically. The variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the
mass is shown in Fig. 4.2.
1.5
a / m s–2
1.0
0.5
0
–1.5 –1.0 –0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
x / cm
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
Fig. 4.2
(a) (i) State what is meant by the displacement of the mass on the spring.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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11
(ii) Suggest how Fig. 4.2 shows that the mass is not performing simple harmonic motion.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) The amplitude of oscillation of the mass may be changed.
State the maximum amplitude x0 for which the oscillations are simple harmonic.
x0 = .................................................... cm [1]
(ii) For the simple harmonic oscillations of the mass, use Fig. 4.2 to determine the frequency
of the oscillations.
frequency = .................................................... Hz [3]
(c) The maximum speed of the mass when oscillating with simple harmonic motion of amplitude
x0 is v0.
On Fig. 4.3, show the variation with displacement x of the velocity v of the mass for
displacements from +x0 to –x0.
v
v0
0
–x0 0 x0
x
–v0
Fig. 4.3
[2]
[Total: 8]

12
5 (a) A section of a coaxial cable is shown in Fig. 5.1.
copper braid
insulation
copper
wire
plastic covering
Fig. 5.1
(i) Suggest two functions of the copper braid.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest one application of a coaxial cable for the transmission of electrical signals.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) The constant noise power in a transmission cable is 7.6 μW. The minimum acceptable
signal-to-noise ratio is 32 dB.
Calculate the minimum acceptable signal power PMIN in the cable.
PMIN = ......................................................W [2]
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(ii) The input power of the signal to the transmission cable is 2.6 W. The attenuation per unit
length of the cable is 6.3 dB km–1.
Use your answer in (i) to determine the maximum uninterrupted length L of cable along
which the signal may be transmitted.
L = .................................................... km [2]
[Total: 7]

14
6 (a) State an expression for the electric field strength E at a distance r from a point charge Q in a
vacuum.
State the name of any other symbol used.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two point charges A and B are situated a distance 10.0 cm apart in a vacuum, as illustrated in
Fig. 6.1.
charge A charge B
10.0 cm
Fig. 6.1
A point P lies on the line joining the charges A and B. Point P is a distance x from A.
The variation with distance x of the electric field strength E at point P is shown in Fig. 6.2.
2.5
E / 10–2 N C–1
2.0
1.5
1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
x / cm
Fig. 6.2
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State and explain whether the charges A and B:
(i) have the same, or opposite, signs
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) have the same, or different, magnitudes.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) An electron is situated at point P.
Without calculation, state and explain the variation in the magnitude of the acceleration of the
electron as it moves from the position where x = 3 cm to the position where x = 7 cm.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 10]

16
7 (a) An ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) has infinite bandwidth and zero output impedance.
State what is meant by:
(i) infinite bandwidth
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) zero output impedance.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The circuit for a non-inverting amplifier incorporating an ideal op-amp is shown in Fig. 7.1.
4.0 kΩ
+5.0 V
–
–5.0 V V OUT
V IN 800 Ω
R
Fig. 7.1
The light-emitting diode (LED) emits light when the potential difference across it is at
least 2.0 V.
The current in the LED must not be greater than 20 mA.
(i) Calculate the gain of the amplifier circuit.
gain = ......................................................... [2]
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(ii) Determine the value of VIN for which the value of VOUT is +2.0 V.
VIN = ...................................................... V [1]
(iii) State the maximum value of the output potential VOUT.
maximum potential = ...................................................... V [1]
(iv) When the op-amp is saturated, the potential difference across the LED is 2.2 V.
Calculate the minimum resistance of resistor R so that the current in the LED is limited to
20 mA.
resistance = ...................................................... Ω [2]
[Total: 8]

18
8 (a) A long straight vertical wire carries a current I. The wire passes through a horizontal card
EFGH, as shown in Fig. 8.1 and Fig. 8.2.
current out of
plane of paper
H G
I wire
H G
E F
E F
Fig. 8.1 Fig. 8.2 (view from above)
On Fig. 8.2, draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying wire on
the plane EFGH. [3]
(b) Two long straight parallel wires P and Q are situated a distance 3.1 cm apart, as illustrated in
Fig. 8.3.
6.2 A 8.5 A
wire P wire Q
3.1cm
Fig. 8.3
The current in wire P is 6.2 A. The current in wire Q is 8.5 A.
The magnetic flux density B at a distance x from a long straight wire carrying current I is
given by the expression
μ 0I
B=
2πx
where μ0 is the permeability of free space.
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19
Calculate:
(i) the magnetic flux density at wire Q due to the current in wire P
flux density = ...................................................... T [2]
(ii) the force per unit length, in N m–1, acting on wire Q due to the current in wire P.
force per unit length = ............................................... N m–1 [2]
(c) The currents in wires P and Q are different in magnitude.
State and explain whether the forces per unit length on the two wires will be different.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]

20
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9 Diagnosis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) requires the use of a non-uniform
magnetic field superimposed on a constant magnetic field of large magnitude.
Explain the purpose of:
(a) the large constant magnetic field
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) the non-uniform magnetic field.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 4]

22
10 A bridge rectifier using four ideal diodes is shown in Fig. 10.1.
A
B
Fig. 10.1
The sinusoidal alternating electromotive force (e.m.f.) applied between points A and B has a root-
mean-square (r.m.s.) value of 7.0 V.
(a) (i) On Fig. 10.1, circle the diodes that conduct when point B is positive with respect to
point A. [1]
(ii) Calculate the maximum potential difference VMAX across resistor R.
VMAX = ...................................................... V [1]
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23
(b) A capacitor is connected into the circuit to produce smoothing of the potential difference
across resistor R.
The variation with time t of the potential difference V across resistor R is shown in Fig. 10.2.
V magnitude of
ripple
0
t
Fig. 10.2
(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw the symbol for a capacitor, connected so as to produce smoothing.
[1]
(ii) State the effect, if any, on the magnitude of the ripple on V when, separately:
1. a capacitor of larger capacitance is used
...........................................................................................................................................
2. the resistor R has a smaller resistance.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 5]

24
11 (a) With reference to the photoelectric effect, state what is meant by work function energy.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The work function energy of a clean metal surface is 5.5 × 10–19 J.
Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 280 nm is incident on the metal surface. The metal is
in a vacuum.
(i) Calculate:
1. the photon energy
photon energy = ....................................................... J [2]
2. the maximum speed vMAX of the electrons emitted from the surface.
vMAX = ................................................ m s–1 [3]
(ii) Explain why most of the emitted electrons will have a speed lower than vMAX.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) The electromagnetic radiation incident on the metal surface may change in intensity or in
frequency.
Complete Fig. 11.1 by inserting either ‘increases’ or ‘decreases’ or ‘no change’ to describe
the effects of the changes shown on the maximum speed and on the rate of emission of
electrons.
maximum speed of rate of emission

change
electrons of electrons
reduced intensity at constant
frequency ................................... ...................................
increased frequency at constant
intensity ................................... ...................................
Fig. 11.1
[4]
[Total: 12]

26
12 One possible nuclear reaction that takes place is
23 5 U + 10n 9 5 Mo + 139 La + 210n + 7–10e

92 42 57
Data for nuclei in this reaction are given in Fig. 12.1.
total mass of separate binding energy

nucleus mass / u mass defect / u
nucleons / u per nucleon / MeV
9 5 Mo 94.906 95.765 0.859 8.443
42
139 La 138.906 140.125 1.219 8.189

57
23 5 U 235.044 236.909 1.865 ..................................

92
Fig. 12.1
(a) Show that the energy equivalent to a mass of 1.00 u is 934 MeV.
[2]
(b) (i) Use data from Fig. 12.1 to calculate the binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus of
uranium-235 (23952U). Complete Fig. 12.1.
[2]
(ii) The nucleon number of an isotope of the element rutherfordium is 267.
State whether the binding energy per nucleon of this isotope will be greater than, equal
to or less than the binding energy per nucleon of uranium-235.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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27
(c) Calculate the total energy, in MeV, released in this nuclear reaction.
energy = ................................................. MeV [2]
(d) The nuclei in 1.2 × 10–7 mol of uranium-235 all undergo this reaction in a time of 25 ms.
Calculate the average power release during the time of 25 ms.
power = ..................................................... W [3]
[Total: 10]
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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

This document consists of 25 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.

(i) State two other features of this orbit.

mass = ..................................................... kg [4]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

(i) Calculate the number of molecules in the gas.

number = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) Each molecule has a diameter of approximately 3 × 10–10 m.

Estimate the total volume of the gas molecules.

volume = .................................................... m3 [3]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

3 (a) State what is meant by specific latent heat.

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

ammeter reading voltmeter reading

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

mass = ....................................................... g [1]

L = ................................................. J g–1 [4]

rate = ..................................................... W [2]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

(b) (i) The amplitude of oscillation of the mass may be changed.

frequency = .................................................... Hz [3]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

5 (a) A section of a coaxial cable is shown in Fig. 5.1.

(i) Suggest two functions of the copper braid.

Calculate the minimum acceptable signal power PMIN in the cable.

PMIN = ......................................................W [2]

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19 [Turn over

© UCLES 2019 9702/41/O/N/19