PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS FOR CWSN

MCQ

1. Which one of these, is included in the categories of disability?

(a) Physical disability
(b) Visual disability
(c) Intellectual disability
(d) All of the above

2. In the following, which is the objective of Adaptive Physical Education?

(a) To develop motor skills
(b) To promote physical fitness
(c) To improve social adjustments
(d) All of the above

3. Who is concerned with the gross motor skills & mobility of the children with
special needs?
(a) Physical Education teacher
(b) Speech Therapist
(c) Physiotherapist
(d) Special Educator

4. Given below are the two statements labelled Assertion (A) & Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A physiotherapist is concerned with the gross motor skills &
mobility of the children with special needs.

Reason (R): Physiotherapist do not concentrate on problems that affect

muscles, bones, circulation of blood & lungs.

In the context of above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both (A) & (R) are true & (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) & (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
5. There are following two statements, which are labelled Assertion (A) &
Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Adaptive physical education is appropriate for differently abled
person.
Reason (R): Adaptive physical education is a sub-discipline of physical
education.

(a) Both (A) & (R) are true & (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) & (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

6. Match List-1 with List-2 & select the correct answer from the code given
below.
LIST 1 LIST 2
1. Occupational therapist (a) Helps students with special needs
to improve their physical fitness.
2. Physical Education Teacher (ii) Helps students with special needs
to gain the ability to communicate.
3. Speech Therapists (iii) Concentrate on problems that
affect muscles, bones & circulation
of blood.
4. Physiotherapists (iv) Trained to provide assessment,
treatment & rehabilitation for
children & young people who have
physical, coordination & processing
problems.

(a) (1) -(iii), (2) -(ii), (3) -(i), (4)-(iv)

(b) (1) – (i), (2) – (ii), (3) – (iii), (4) – (iv)
(c) (1) – (iv), (2) – (i), (3) – (ii), (4) – (iii)
(d) (1) – (iii), (2) – (iv), (3) – (i), (4) – (ii)

7. Speech Therapist helps a child in:

(a) Grooming
(b) Enhancing mobility
(c) Communication
(d) Playing games
8. Which one of the following is especially trained to work with CWSN?
(a) Physical Education Teacher
(b) Special Educator
(c) Physiotherapist
(d) Speech Therapist

9. Which one of the following is the causes of disability?

(a) Infectious diseases
(b) Malnutrition
(c) Accidents
(d) All of the above

10. Which type of disability creates hinderance for an individual to store,

process & produce information?
(a) Intellectual disability
(b) Cognitive disability
(c) Physical disability
(d) None of these

One Line Answers

11.What do you understand by the word “disability”?
Ans 11. Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental,
intellectual, mental physical, sensory or some combination of these. It
substantially affects a person’s life activities & may be present from birth or
occur during a person’s lifetime.

12.What is the meaning of disorder?

Ans12. Disorder is usually used for mental disabilities. Disorder is any ailment
that disturbs the health of an individual. Most probably, disorders create
hinderance in an individual’s performance & reduce his efficiency. In the
beginning, disorders seem to be ordinary but they usually grow or spread in a
harmful manner in an individual. Most probably, a disorder cannot be detected
on time, as a result of which, a simple disorder is changed into a disability. It
can be said that a disorder disrupts the normal functioning of an individual.
Disorder can be defined as blip in the usual functioning of a person.
13. What are the different types of disabilities which are known to you?
Ans13. There are many different types of disabilities they are:
- Physical Disabilities
- Sensory Disabilities
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Psychiatric Disabilities
- Developmental Disabilities
- Neurological Disabilities
- Chronic Disabilities
- Learning Disabilities
- Speech & Language Disorders
- Acquired Disabilities

14. What comes to your mind when you hear the word “physically challenged”?
Ans14. The word “physically challenged” is a phrase that was once commonly
used to describe individuals with disabilities, particularly those with physical
impairments. However, its worth noting that this term is now considered
outdated & potentially offensive by many people within the disability
community. The term “physically challenged” suggests that individuals with
disabilities face challenges solely dur to their physical limitations, overlooking
the many other aspects by their limitations rather than their strengths &
capabilities.

15. What is the meaning of Adapted physical education.

Ans 15. Adapted physical education is the physical education which has been
adapted or changed so that it may be appropriate for the differently abled
person as it is for a person without disability. In simple words, it can be stated
that adapted physical education is basically a specially designed physical
education programme for differently abled students.

16. What is the aim of adaptive physical education?

Ans 16. The aim of adaptive or adapted physical education is to help or aid
differently abled students to achieve physical, mental, emotional & social
growth proportionate to their potential through special, planned programme
of regular physical education & recreational activities. In fact, its aim is to
provide equal opportunity to the differently abled students to participate in
 physical education programmes, safely & successfully, in a least restrictive
environment.

Long Answers
17.Write a short note on the types of disability.
Ans17. Disabilities occur to individuals in many ways & with varied severity.
Some individuals are disabled right at birth while other individuals get disabled
owing to some events during the course of their lives. Mainly, there are three
types of disabilities such as cognitive disability, intellectual disability & physical
disability. These disabilities are described below:
• Cognitive Disability: Indeed, it is a neurological disorder that creates
hinderance or obstruction for an individual to store, process & produce
information. This disability can affect an individual’s ability or capability to read,
compute, speak & write. So, this type of disability can also be called invisible
disability because unlike other disabilities, you may not be able to assess the
condition by just looking at the individual. Generally, the individuals who have
this type of disability, usually have following symptoms.
- Memory Disorder: An individual who has auditory problems or
difficulty in remembering something that he/she heard, said or
saw some time ago.
- Hyperactivity: An individual with cognitive disability may not have
attention for a long period. He/she finds it difficult to stay at one
place. As a matter of fact, he/she usually loses concentration
frequently.
- Dyslexia: An individual with cognitive disability may exhibit
dyslexia. It means he/she may have difficulty in writing, reading,
speaking etc.
• Intellectual Disability: Intellectual disability is a ability characterised by
significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning,
learning, problem solving) & in adaptive behaviour, which covers a range
of everyday social & practical skills. Indeed, this disability is related to the
individual’s thought processes, communication, money, learning,
problem solving & judgement. It also includes psychiatric disability which
is related to the individual’s social disabilities such as behaviour, emotions
& thinking. The intellectual disability begins before the age of 18 years.
• Physical Disability: A physical disability is a limitation on an individual’s
physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other impairments
 such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy & sleep disorders, which
limit other facets of daily life are also included in physical disabilities.
Physical disability may either be motor deficiency (mobility impairment)
or a sensory impairment. Motor deficiency is related to spinal cord,
causing paralysis to some or all the limbs i.e., hands & legs. It may also be
related to brain damage, which may occur before birth, during or after
birth or after a stroke. Sensory impairment is related to an individual’s
visual or hearing impairments. In simple words, a physical disability is one
that affects a person’s mobility or dexterity.

18. Explain the causes of disability.

Ans 18. The causes of disability are:
- Genetic Causes: Some disabilities are known to be inherited such as spinal
muscular atrophy & muscular dystrophy. Abnormalities in genes & genetic
inheritance cause intellectual disability in children. Sometimes, diseases, illnesses
& over exposure to x – rays may cause genetic disorder.
- Poverty: Poverty is one of the major causes of disability. Generally, it is seen that
poor persons are the most vulnerable to disability because they live & work in
unsafe environment with poor sanitation. They don’t have good living conditions.
They usually have little access to education, safe drinking water & proper
nutrition. Owing to these conditions they fall prey to such diseases that lead them
towards disability. Many babies may be born with disabilities. This may be
because they did not get enough nutrition during gestation.
- Mental Health Problems: Mental health problems such as depression, bipolar
disorder, etc. may lead to disability. As a matter of fact, the causes of mental
health problems are very difficult to diagnose. They tend to be some of the most
misunderstood disabilities.
- Accidents: Nowadays, life is so fast that accidents may occur anywhere, anytime
& to anyone. These accidents may happen at workplace, on the roads or in the
air. These accidents may lead to disability.
- Infectious Diseases: Infectious diseases may also cause disabilities. If the
immunity power of a child is low, he is susceptible to fall sick or contact more
serious illnesses. If a child is not immunised well, he becomes vulnerable to
infectious diseases like mumps, which can cause hearing impairment or polio,
which can cripple the child.
- Disturbance in Endocrine Glands: Disturbance in endocrine glands may also lead
to disability. Owing to such disturbance, a child may suffer from various physical
& mental deficiency.
- Malnutrition: Malnutrition is another significant cause of disability, especially in
our country. If a child does not get appropriate nutrition, he may be physically
weak. Even deficiency of calcium leads to malformation of bones. Deficiency of
iodine may diminish the growth of body. Similarly, deficiency of vitamin ‘A’ may
cause blindness in children. Deficiency of vitamin B12 may lead to loss of memory
& cause paralysis.
- Poor Approach to Health Care: Many disabilities can be prevented easily if there
is proper access or approach to health care facilities. Sometimes, good health care
facilities are not available during difficult labour & birth. It may cause a baby to
born with a disability such as cerebral palsy. Professionally trained persons could
handle such emergencies. They can prevent babies from being born with such
disabilities. Proper immunisation can also help in preventing many disabilities.
Usually, people who live in remote areas, do not have proper access to health care
facilities, & thus, sometimes babies suffer disabilities.
- Nuclear Accidents: Many persons have suffered after being exposed to radiation
because of accidents in nuclear power plants in USA & Ukraine in 1979 & 1986,
respectively. It also happened in 1945 in Japan during IInd World War. At such
places, there has also been an increase in the number of children born with
cognitive disabilities such as Down Syndrome.
- Toxic Materials, Pesticides & Insecticides: Toxic materials like lead & mercury,
etc. found in various products, use of insecticides & pesticides & other harmful
chemicals may cause disabilities in people & birth defects in babies. As a matter
of fact, such toxic materials may cause damage to brain which ultimately leads to
disabilities.
- Illnesses: The illnesses like cancer, heart attack, diabetes etc., cause a number of
long – term disabilities. Arthritis, back pain, musculoskeletal disorders., etc. are
also significant causes of disability. Some illnesses to pregnant women may cause
physical or learning problems to her baby when born.
- Lack of Education: Lack of education may lead to disability. Generally, labourers
are not educated. They fall prey to certain diseases which can be avoided by using
scientific methods or by taking precautions. But due to ignorance they do not
adopt such precautionary methods. Hence, their chances to get a disability are on
the rise.
- Wars: It is usually seen in wars that the most of the civilians are killed or disabled
along with the soldiers. Bomb explosions cause people to become deaf, dumb &
lose their limbs. Not only the physical health but mental health of the individuals
is also badly affected by nuclear, biological & atomic weapons.
- Medicines & Vaccines: No doubt medicines & vaccines are essential to protect
health & prevent disability but there are a number of practitioners in the medical
field who are not qualified or registered. They don’t take proper care while dealing
with patients. The use of unclean syringes may cause serious diseases like
hepatitis or HIV/AIDS. Improperly stored as well as wrong vaccines may cause
allergic reactions, poisoning & deafness to child.
- Dangerous Working Environment: If individuals work in factories, mines or in
agricultural fields under improper working environment, they may be exposed to
dangerous machinery, tools or chemicals & wide variety of health hazards. In such
conditions they may get disabilities on the long – run.

19.Mention & explain the general disabilities etiquettes.

Ans19. Disability etiquettes is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how
to approach persons with disabilities. Before knowing about disability
etiquettes, it is essential to understand certain basic things such as don’t
assume that they need help. In fact, adults with disabilities want to be treated
as independent persons. Offer her only if the person with disability seems to
need it. Physical contact should be avoided. Always speak directly to the
person with a disability, not to his/her friend. Persons with disabilities are the
best judge of what they can or can’t do.
The general disabilities etiquettes are stated below:
- Always put the person first, i.e., say ‘person with disability’ rather than
‘disabled person’. Always avoid the outdated words like handicapped, retarded,
physically challenged or differently abled. For example, refer to ‘person who are
blind’ rather than ‘blind person’.
- In case of introduction to a person with disability, it is apt to shake hands.
- When you meet a person with a visual impairment, always identify yourself &
others who may be with you.
- Learning or hanging on person’s wheelchair should always be avoided because
such act is generally considered annoying. In fact, the chair is the part of the
personal body space of the person who uses it.
- Always listen carefully as well as attentively when you are having conversation
with a person who has difficulty in speaking. Having patience & wait for the person
to finish rather than correcting or speaking for that person. Generally, ask short
questions that require short answers.
- When talking with a person who is on a wheelchair or a person who uses
crutches, keep yourself at eye level in front of the person to facilitate the talk.
- To get the attention of a person who is deaf or having hearing impairment, tap
the person on the shoulder or wave your hand. You should look directly at the
person & speak clearly.
- Never patronize person on wheelchairs by patting them on head or shoulder.
- Always introduce yourself to persons who are blind using your name.
- If you need to leave a person who is blind, inform him that you are leaving & ask
him if he needs anything before you leave.
- Always avoid asking personal questions to differently – abled persons.
- Always give additional time to person with disability to do or say something.
- Always have conversation at a normal tone of voice. Don’t talk in high pitch to
such individuals.
- Don’t pretend to understand if you are facing problem in doing so.

20. Write a note on the objectives of adaptive physical education.

Ans 20. The objectives of adaptive physical education are:
- Ensure Services to Meet Special Needs: The main as well as foremost objective
of adaptive or adapted physical education is to ensure that a differently abled
student is provided with physical education services that meet his/her unique or
special need appropriately.
- Develop Motor Skills: Another significant objective of adaptive physical
education is to develop motor skills of students with disabilities. Motor skills are
essential for performing not only specific tasks but daily routine activities also.
These skills enable physically disabled students to become active & agile.
- Enhance Self – Esteem & Self – Image: To enhance self – esteem & self – image
of students who are differently abled is another important objective of adaptive
physical education. In fact, all students can do activities according to their abilities.
Set goal for students, for example, to throw a ball 25 times. If they perform it
easily after certain period of time their goals can be set higher. If the goals set are
realistic then, students can achieve them by working on their motor skills, thus
increasing their self – esteem & self – image.
- Ensure Participation of Students in Physical Education Programmes: Another
important objective of adaptive physical education is to ensure that each student
actively participates in physical education programmes regularly at his/her own
level & that the student is integrated into the regular education programme
whenever possible.
- Improve Physical Fitness: To improve the physical fitness of differently abled
students is another vital objective of adapted or adaptive physical education. In
fact, modified or adaptive exercises are provided in the programmes of adapted
physical education to improve physical fitness.
- Motivate Students to Protect Themselves: The next important objective of
adaptive physical education is to motivate differently abled students to protect
themselves under any condition that may be aggravated through certain physical
activities.
- Promote Sportsmanship Qualities: To promote sportsmanship qualities among
the differently abled students is also one of the major objectives of adaptive
physical education. Participation in adaptive physical education programmes
naturally improve sportsman qualities.
- Develop Knowledge of Good Mechanics: To develop knowledge of good body
mechanics is another important objective of adaptive physical education. In fact,
adaptive physical education helps each individual to develop knowledge & sense
of appreciation with regard to good body mechanics.
- Improved Social Adjustments: To improve social adjustments among differently
abled students is another objective of adaptive physical education. In fact, social
adjustments are essential especially in today’s society. Participation in
programmes of adaptive physical education helps the differently abled students
to make social adjustments.

21. Explain the roles of various professionals for children with special needs.
Ans21. The roles of various professionals for children with special needs are:
- School Counsellor: School counsellor is the specialist who work with students
with special needs in schools. A school counsellor is a member of the education
team who provides valuable assistance to students with special needs. He also
helps them with their academic goals, their social, personal & career
development. He assists teaching staff with strategies on how to support such
students in distress. He also carries out development programmes related to
stress management, anger management, conflict management & positive
thinking. He helps all students including students with special needs, to achieve
their full potential, gain self – confidence & to become productive members of
the society. He also refers students & their families to community resources for
specific assistance.
- Physiotherapist: A physiotherapist is concerned with the gross motor skills &
mobility of the children with special needs. The role of a physiotherapist is to
assess & manage children & young persons with movement disorders, disability.
The aim of a physiotherapist is to help the children with special needs to attain
their full potential through providing physical intervention, advice & support. A
physiotherapist concentrates, in particular, on problems that affect muscles,
bones, circulation of blood & lungs. He evaluates movement & functions of the
body of children with special needs with particular attention of physical mobility,
balance posture, fatigue & pain. Physiotherapists use a range of techniques
including massage manipulation, exercise & movement, electrotherapy &
hydrotherapy.
- Occupational Therapist: An occupational therapist helps children with special
needs in performing self – care skills like eating, dressing, bathing & grooming that
is activities related to fine motor skills. He also helps children in participating &
interacting with others in play. He helps children in adapting to regular school. He
may suggest aids for writing & other classroom activities to help them to
participate equally with other children. He also plays an effective role in helping
children with special needs to improve their fine motor skills & handwriting. This
can help children to learn, to grasp & release toys & other objects. He also works
on hand – eye coordination to improve skills such as hitting a ball or copying from
a blackboard.
- Physical Education Teacher: Physical education teachers need to determine the
abilities of students with special needs. They also need to determine measures to
be implemented to support their participation in sports & fitness. Physical
education teachers help students with special needs to improve their physical
fitness. They help in improving hand – eye coordination, flexibility, muscular
strength, endurance & even cardiovascular efficiency. Physical education teachers
also provide such physical activities for students with special needs which may
help in reducing anxiety, stress, tension & depression. The interaction &
involvement with students without special needs also help to give students with
special needs a sense of confidence. Physical education teachers help students
with special needs in developing a sense of self – esteem, which can be important
as students with special needs may often feel isolated & removed from the group.
They organise various physical activities for students with special needs in order
promote their mental & physical health.
- Speech Therapist: A speech therapist in school provides treatment, support &
care for students with special needs who have difficulties in communication.
Speech therapists helps students with special needs to gain ability to
communicate through speech & language. Speech therapists help & provide
trainings for those students who face difficulty in producing sounds or syllables or
saying words incorrectly. They also help such students who have fluency disorders
like stoppages, repetitions or prolonging sounds in words.
- Special Educator: A special educator or educations teacher often has students
with varying learning, mental, physical & emotional abilities. They may assist
students with special needs in the areas of physical skills, learning through play,
communication, improving social & emotional skills. Indeed, special educators’
main responsibility is to assess their students’ cognitive abilities. They also create
& apply curricula & activities to meet the requirements of students with special
needs.