Online Instructor’s Manual

to accompany

Resource Management for Individuals

and Families

5th Edition

Elizabeth B. Goldsmith, Ph.D.

Professor
College of Human Sciences
Florida State University

Prentice Hall

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ISBN-13: 9780132956215
ISBN-10: 0132956217

ii
 Table of Contents

Preface iv

Chapter 1: Management Today 1

Chapter 2: Management History and Theories 8

Chapter 3: Values, Attitudes, Goals, and Motivation 13

Chapter 4: Resources 19

Chapter 5: Decision Making and Problem Solving 24

Chapter 6: Planning, Implementing, and Evaluation 29

Chapter 7: Communication 35

Chapter 8: Managing Human Needs 40

Chapter 9: Managing Time 45

Chapter 10: Managing Work and Family 50

Chapter 11: Managing Stress and Fatigue 56

Chapter 12: Managing Environmental Resources 62

Chapter 13: Managing Finances 68

Chapter 14: Managing Tomorrow 74

iii
 Preface

This Instructor’s Manual accompanies the fifth edition of Resource Management for
Individuals and Families. It includes a test bank with15 to 25 multiple choice questions
per chapter and suggested essay questions. After questions, the answer and the page
number on which the answer appears are given. Each chapter is introduced with an
Overview followed by Instructional Ideas.

Note a few changes in chapter titles from the previous edition. Chapter eight is called
Managing Human Needs and the final chapter is titled Managing Tomorrow.

This edition contains many more Case Studies that should be useful for in-class
discussion or for students to use on their own as they apply the material. Instructors are
encouraged to use the Critical Thinking boxes in the chapters as well as the margin
material noted as “Suggested Activity.”

When studying, students should focus on the words in bold print. These highlighted
words also appear in the Key Terms section at the end of the chapter and in the
Glossary at the end of the book.

Thank you for using this online resource. Resource management is a thought-provoking
topic which will serve your students well. Contact me if any problems or concerns arise.

Elizabeth B. Goldsmith
[email protected]
850-644-6893

iv
 Chapter 1
MANAGEMENT TODAY

Overview

The chapter begins with this inspiring sentence “Life is propelling us forward in paths we
never would have imagined.” As an introductory chapter it provides basic principles on
the subject of resource management and includes the National Council on Family
Relations (NCFR) description. NCFR says that, “Family resource management is an
understanding of the decisions individuals and families make about developing and
allocating resources including time, money, material assets, energy, friends, neighbors,
and space to meet their goals.” Goal seeking is linked to happiness, an overall
assessment of an individual’s quality of life.

Updates are given on world population (around 7 billion) and in the U.S. and most
advanced countries fewer people per household.

Management is a process involving thinking, action, and results. The process begins
with a problem, need, want, or goal. People need results, the perception or outcome
that their efforts are moving them forward.

Instructional Ideas

Use the questions on page four to get an in-class discussion going:

 How can I find a fulfilling career?

 Where should I live?
 Should I go to graduate school?
 What should I be doing with my life?
 How can I succeed?
 Where do I fit in?

Career advisers report that many students are having a difficult time finding answers
especially to finding a major and an occupation. The state of the economy and
specifically employment makes finding jobs and internships (even unpaid ones) harder
than ever. A graduate student in psychology reported calling 71 places for an unpaid
internship in a city until number 72 said yes. She wanted to go there because her family
lived in the area. Self-awareness and preparation are keys as well as persistence,
ambition, resilience, and most of all, resource management. She took the time and
energy to keep on trying until she got a positive response. Can a student in your class
describe a similar experience? One assumes most have applied for jobs during their
high school and college years.

1
Choice, risk, and happiness are defined in the chapter as well as the management
process. Happiness is introduced close to the beginning of this edition because one
seeks happiness or contentment when making decisions. Happiness is individually
defined, how do your students define happiness? Have them say answers out loud or
write them on paper and pass to the front (unsigned) for you to read to the class. Put
the answers in categories for the whole class to discuss.

Why manage? We all have to in order to survive. Who manages? We all do.

Needs vs. wants and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are described. Put the Hierarchy on
the board or screen, discuss the levels from low (physiological such as air, food, water
to high self-actualization, page 16).

Discuss the Interdisciplinary Foundations beginning on page 17. Ask for a show of
hands, how many students have had Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology, and
Economics? Ask them what they remember from those classes.

Changes in family and household composition are introduced on page 26 and continues
to 27 and into the next chapter. Students can discuss their families and plans for the
future.

To introduce the students to thinking beyond their age group, cover the material on
Managing the 2nd Half of Life which begins on page 20. What are the management
challenges for the middle years and older?

Case Studies are on pages 7 and 11. Critical Thinking boxes are located on pages 8,
11, 15, 24, and 27. See the Preface for an explanation of the value of critical thinking.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Most agree that ______________ is the degree to which the overall quality of
one’s life is judged as favorable. The General Social Surveys (GSS) of the United
States asks questions about this.

a. Happiness
b. Fortitude
c. Effectiveness
d. Decision making

A, p. 7

2
 2. ___________ is the act of selecting among alternatives.

a. Choice
b. Risk
c. Opportunity
d. Fatalism

A, p. 4

3. Management is the process of:

a. Controlling others’ lives

b. Using resources to achieve goals
c. Changing one’s perspective for the better
d. Acting in a habitual or repetitive pattern

B, p. 9

4. The World’s most populous country is:

a. The United States

b. Greece
c. India
d. China

D, p. 8

5. In 2050 it is estimated that the world’s most populous country will be:

a. Indonesia
b. Japan
c. India
d. Brazil

C, p. 8

6. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, physiological is the most basic. What

is the need that comes next?

a. Esteem
b. Self-Actualization
c. Belongingness and Love
d. Safety

D, p. 16

3
 7. A basic principle in management is that where there is risk, there is ________.

a. Opportunity
b. Reliability
c. Decision making
d. Extenuating circumstances

A, p. 4

8. When people in the United States answer government surveys about how they
feel about things, most report they are:

a. Very happy
b. Pretty happy
c. Not too happy
d. Miserable

B, p. 5

9. The worldwide trend is for populations to be increasingly:

a. Mobile and urban

b. Insular and stay at home
c. Spread out rural to seaside
d. Northern moving because of global warming

A, p. 10

10. Needs and wants are different. Wants are things that are:

a. Crucial, have to have

b. Desired, but not necessary for survival
c. Economic only
d. Important for getting ahead

B, p. 10

11. Information that returns to the system is known as:

a. Genomes
b. E-innovation
c. Listening
d. Feedback

D, p. 12

4
 12. ______ are end results that require action.

a. Goals
b. Attitudes
c. Values
d. Problems

A, p. 10

13. Management ______ are measuring devices, techniques, or instruments that are
used to arrive at decisions and plans of action.

a. Plans
b. Actuarial resources
c. Quality circles
d. Tools

D, p. 12

14. In answer to the question, “Who manages?” the answer is:

a. Everyone does
b. Some people do sometimes
c. Some individuals rarely manage anything
d. It depends, some people manage, others don’t

A, p. 14

15. According to the book, individuals and families have unique management styles
or characteristic ways of making decisions and acting, which of the following is
not one of the main factors influencing management styles:

a. History
b. Biology
c. Culture
d. Politics

D, pages 15

5
 16. According to the book, four disciplines are particularly applicable to management.
Which of the following was not listed as a main influence?

a. Humanities
b. Psychology
c. Sociology
d. Economics

A, pages 17-20

17. In 1900, the average life expectancy in the U.S. was:

a. 32
b. 47
c. 60
d. 68

B, p. 23

18. According to psychologist __________, physiological needs must be met before

higher-order needs are undertaken.

a. Abraham Maslow
b. Peter Drucker
c. A. J. Boothe
d. Sal Schilling

A, p. 15-16

19. In 1879. President Rutherford B. Hayes had the first telephone installed in the
White House, but it was rarely used because:

a. he didn’t know what it was

b. it kept breaking and no one could fix it
c. hardly anyone else in Washington had a telephone, so there was no one to call or
to call in
d. hand written letters were considered a more correct form of correspondence

C, p. 17

6
 20. A demographic trend is that:

a. Individuals increasingly put off marriage and childbirth to later years

b. The number of families is decreasing
c. Families are the same as they were two decades ago
d. Grandparents matter less than they used to

A, pages 21-23

Essays

1. What are the steps involved in the management process? How does it start?
How does it end according to the diagram in the book? Explain what holds it
together.

Answer: Page 10. What holds it together? Feedback in the inner exchange and on the
outside management takes place in a total environment.

2. Students are aware of management problems (stress, time) in the early years of
adulthood, but what happens at midlife? What problems do people have in the
second half of their lives, middle to older years?

Answers: Pages 20-22. Issues include career and workplace situations, unemployment
or retirement, family matters, and health.

3. In the book there is the sentence “Commitment to a newly defined goal or

desired future has an energizing effect.” Explain why this is true and give an
example in your own life.

Answers: Page 20 and throughout the chapter especially the material on goals.

7
 CHAPTER 2

MANAGEMENT HISTORY AND THEORIES

Overview

This chapter provides historical background and an explanation of theories including

their function. We study various theories to help us understand how and why people
plan, decide and act the way they do. Legislation, policy, research, and changes in
types of shelter are also in this chapter. Where and how people live and work keeps
changing. Shelter, housing, will always be at the forefront of human endeavor.

Instructional Ideas

To help describe changes in the profession, four eras are given on pages 42-43. This
historical content sets the pace for upcoming Tables and descriptions of
lifestyle/housing changes.

Tables 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 on pages 37-38 can be used to encourage discussion. How has
household production and consumption changed since 1900. Have students lived in or
visited historic homes from around 1900? What are their reactions? Have they ever
lived without running water or electricity? Perhaps in camping or when services are out
from a storm or hurricane. How do people prepare for disasters? What resources do
they need?

Systems and economic theories are introduced in this chapter. Discuss “Murphy’s Law”
which is “if something can go wrong, it will.” Tiny flaws can damage the most carefully
thought out plans. Focus on terminology such as homeostasis and equifinality found on
page 51 and human ecology on page 55. For economic theory see the discussion on
risk on page 60. How do students feel about taking risks? Which ones have they taken?
Any skydivers in the class?

A Case Study is on page 53. Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 34 and 44.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Earliest records of management (who does what) are found on the walls of cave
dwellings in:

a. Siberia
b. Rome
c. Western Europe, most notably France
d. Nigeria

C, p. 33

8
 2. In the ______ century in the U.S., standards of hygiene were undergoing an
enormous transformation.

a. 16th
b. 17th
c. 18th
d. 20th

C, p. 34

3. Who popularized the expression “Time is money.”

a. Benjamin Franklin
b. George Washington
c. Herbert J. Jones
d. Amanda Cunningham

A, p. 35

4. ________ saw the home as a workplace which could be made more efficient.
Her husband Frank (an efficiency expert in factories) wrote a book about their
marriage and twelve children, Cheaper by the Dozen, which has been made into
movies.

a. Eleanor Shively
b. Evelyn Draper
c. Ellen R. Richards
d. Lillian Gilbreth

D, p. 35

5. Management as it relates to home and family life was talked about for centuries
but it became a formal study in the U.S. (and since worldwide) in the ____
century:

a. 17th
b. 18th
c. 19th
d. 20th

C, p. 35

9
 6. At the _________ Conferences held from1899-1908, management as a
discipline known as home economics was founded.

a. Lake Placid
b. Packard
c. Smith-Lever
d. San Francisco

A, p. 35

7. Two of the earliest colleges with residence courses were Stout Institute in
Wisconsin and the University of:

a. Illinois
b. Georgia
c. Alabama
d. Mississippi

A, p. 36

8. ________ known is the father of management and famous for his time and
motion studies especially in factory production.

a. Robert Griffth
b. Frederick Taylor
c. Anthony Eppes
d. John Charles Shelley

B, p. 36

9. The concept of improving work methods in the home is known as:

a. Satisficing
b. Optimization
c. Work Simplification
d. Re-inventing

C, p. 36

10
 10. Although Thomas Edison invented the lightbulb in 1879, by 1907 only ___
percent of U.S. homes had electricity.

a. 8
b. 20
c. 38
d. 50

A, p. 36

11. In the early 1900s, people were ________ more than decorators.

a. Collectors
b. Travelers
c. Readers
d. Media driven

A, p. 38

12. Around 1910, the ______________ changed everything, including what was
inside the home to where the homes were located.

a. Airplane
b. Radio
c. Automobile
d. Television

C, p. 39

13. The place or point where independent systems or diverse groups interact is
called the:

a. Interface
b. Seam
c. Subsystem
d. Boundary

A, p. 43

11
 14. A _____ is an integrated set of parts that function together for some end
purpose or result.

a. Controlling factor
b. System
c. Crisis
d. Kibbutz

B, p. 47

15. A tendency towards disorder or randomness is called:

a. Homeostasis
b. Cybernetics
c. Entropy
d. Multifinality

C, p. 50

Essays

1. What changes took place in U. S. homes in 1900 and 1950 (mid-century) and are
in evidence now?

Household production and consumption patterns should be addressed. How did

the houses change as well as lifestyles? What was delivered to the home, what
wasn’t? What was made in the home earlier and how did this change over time?

Answers: Charts on pages 37 & 38 and descriptions on pages 38-42.

2. In the book, Kurt Lewin says that “There is nothing so practical as a good theory.”
Explain why theory is useful. Also describe the basics of economic theory and
systems theory as described in the book. Include satisficing and optimization in
your answer.

Answers: 46-59. Many answers acceptable here, theory is useful to describe

patterns of behavior and to predict future actions. Another comment would be
that the dynamics and ongoing nature of systems theory makes it applicable to
managerial thought and behavior.

12
 Chapter 3

VALUES, ATTITUDES, GOALS, AND MOTIVATION

Overview

This chapter is loaded with information fit for group discussion. There are many
Case Studies, Critical Thinking boxes, and Suggested Activities embedded in the
chapter. The subjects of happiness and success build on Chapter 1.Researchers
found that people who report being happy when they are in their 20s are still
happy in their 70s and the opposite is true, those less contented in their 20s will
be so in their 70s. Why does happiness have an enduring quality? Also there is
information on three types of happiness:

 Lots of richly positive emotions,

 Being totally absorbed and immersed in activity, and
 Knowing you are using your highest strengths in service to others,
something larger

As stated in Chapter 1, management is the process of using resources to

achieve goals. People seek goals which are affected by values (such as valuing
happiness) and attitudes (having a generally cheerful outlook, liking lots of
things). Goals are closely linked to motivation. The example of Charles Lindbergh
crossing the Atlantic in the first nonstop flight is given and the eloquent F. Scott
Fitzgerald interpretation.

Note the coverage on value chains. What values might transcend through
generations in a family? College students and values, goals, and life outcomes
are on pages 92-95. Make the content specific to them and their primary age
group.

The chapter concludes with intrinsic (underlying causes) and extrinsic (outside
the individual, rewards and awards for example) motivation. How does this
distinction work for you? What motivates you? What works best?

Instructional Ideas

On page 75, a classic exercise I have used for years is to have students pick
their top 3 values in each list in Table 3.1 and then discuss in small groups their
choices. Have a representative from each group come to the board (or write on a
pad of paper or whatever you have) and list the top 3 in their group. If you use
clickers or some other device this exercise can be adapted for them. Then, as
the instructor you would lead an all class discussion on the top 3 and similarities
or dissimilarities between groups. There are no wrong answers.

13
 Usually honesty scores high on the Instrumental Values list. The Rokeach
research has been conducted around the world. Australian and U.S. adults tend
to have similar value stances. In aspiring nations, the value of “ambitious” tends
to score near the top of rankings.

Social and cultural values on pages 76-77 also would be useful for discussion.
As a beginning exercise, have the students suggest cultural values on their
campus. What are the school colors, mascot, songs, cheers, distinctive buildings,
statues, or green areas, and traditions? What distinguishes their school from
others? Did this make a difference in their decision to attend a particular school?

See page 84, as a classroom activity or as a take home assignment have

students list their goals by:

 Time: short-term, intermediate, or long-term

 Role: personal, professional, societal or familial
 Type: primary or secondary

On page 90, David McClelland talks about the need for achievement, the need to
take moderate risks, worth discussing.

Case Studies on pages 66, 82, 91, and 93. Critical Thinking boxes are on
pages 68, 69, 71, 73, 84, 86, 89, and 95. Also see Suggested Activities in the
margins on pages 74, 75, 78, and 89 (keeping a journal, for example).

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the 20th century, one of the icons of achievement was ___________ who
flew the first plane over the Atlantic Ocean, nonstop, from the U.S. to Europe.

a. James Fichon
b. F. Scott Fitzgerald
c. Charles Lindbergh
d. Eleanor B. Earhart

C, p. 67

2. A person’s judgments are based on the value meanings derived from

feelings, this is known as:

a. Affective domain
b. Cognitive domain
c. Construct domain
d. Clarification construct

A, p. 69

14
 3. _______ are outlooks or opinions that express values, serve as a means of
evaluation, or demonstrate feelings in regard to ideas, people, events,
situations, or relationships. They are expressions of likes and dislikes.

a. Attitudes
b. Resources
c. Goal orientations
d. Preferences

A, p. 70

4. _____________ are the glue that holds any business together, refers to a
series of events or activities that take place in a specific time and space, also
applies to families with shared commitment over time.

a. Metro neighbors
b. Value chains
c. Traditional tasks
d. Triad aims

B, p. 79

5. Values can be classified in several ways according to the book, which one of
these was not listed.

a. Absolute and relative

b. Intrinsic and extrinsic
c. Traditional and prophetic
d. Instrumental and terminal

C, p. 71-72

6. ___________ are repetitive, often unconscious, patterns of behavior.

a. Goals
b. Values
c. Habits
d. Attitudes

C, p. 82

15
 7. Goals have many attributes, which of the following is not a main characteristic
or attribute?

a. Intensity
b. Complexity
c. Priority
d. Procrastination

D, p. 82

8. ___________ is a tendency or a disposition to expect the best outcome or to

think hopefully about a situation.

a. Negativism
b. Capitalism
c. Optimism
d. Accommodation

C, p. 86.

9. David McClelland, a Harvard psychologist, stressed that individuals vary in

their need for ________________.

a. Achievement, which he called the “n Ach.”

b. Acceptance
c. Success and happiness
d. Positive outcomes

A, p. 90

10. ______ play a fundamental role in forming children’s values.

a. Societies
b. Families, especially parents
c. Schools
d. Communities

B, p. 76 (photo caption), 78-79

16
 11. In a study of college yearbook photos, researchers found that:

a. An inauthentic smile by males meant they would be unhappy in life

b. Women with the Pan Am (fake) smile were just as happy in life as women with
the Duchene (genuine) smile
c. Smiling type makes no difference
d. A genuinely smiling woman (with the Duchene smile) is more likely to be married,
stay married, and to experience more personal well-being than a woman with the
fake smile.

D, p. 92

12. Students can change the direction of the greater society through volunteering
and other forms of involvement. They are also subject to the greater economy
and environment. In the 1990s, college students, for the most part:

a. Enjoyed a strong economy with multiple job choices and a technology explosion.
b. Flooded into social work and helping others professions
c. Questioned authority and dealt with years of unrest and change
d. Conformed and were very conservative, held traditional values

A, p. 94

13. ___________ is a process rather than an end-state, beginning with an

unsatisfied need that creates tension or direction.

a. Expertise
b. Motivation
c. Resilience
d. Challenge

B, p. 95

14. Motivation can be divided into two types:

A. Intrinsic and extrinsic

B. Planned and non-planned
C. Mysterious and obvious
e. Achievement-oriented and open-ended

A, p. 96

17
 15. __________ is the set of characteristics, skills and knowledge that
distinguishes certain people from novices and less experienced people.

a. Expertise
b. Imagineering
c. Performance
d. A value chain

A, p. 95.

ESSAYS

1. Differentiate values from attitudes, define each and give three examples of each.

Answer: pages 68-71 Individuals have hundreds of attitudes, likes and dislikes, as
opposed to values which are more enduring principles that guide behavior.

2. What are the differences between goals and habits? Define and give examples of
each. Why are goals important? Discuss.

Answer: page 82
As a suggestion: One way to go with this is that habits are repetitive and often
unconscious whereas goals are consciously set and determined, steps are taken to
achieve end results. Goals can be long-term, habits tend to be immediate.

18
 Chapter 4

RESOURCES

Overview

Given the book’s title Resource Management for Individuals and Families this is a
keystone chapter. Resource recognition, creation, and exchange are covered along with
resource models. Economics is re-introduced in the supply and demand curve given on
page 113. The classic Foa & Foa Model of resource exchange on page 116 should be
explained. In the model, the resources of love, status, and service are more
particularistic than the resources at the bottom of the model. Resource Advantage
Theory introduces the concept of competition and leveraging assets. Another important
concept is utility, the usefulness of a resource. At the end of the chapter, strategy is
defined and the Conservation of Resources Theory (CRT) is introduced. In CRT, people
use their resources to resist or to lessen stress and to increase their sense of well-
being.

Instructional Ideas

For in class discussion, consider utility as in the eye of the beholder or as something
that changes in time. How do students feel about auctions, eBay, garage sales, and flea
markets? Is one person’s discarded item a useful resource for someone else?

Strategies are plans of action, ways of conducting and following through on operations.
What strategies do students use to be more successful on tests?

Culture is transmitted through a variety of channels. List on the board or screen

intangible and tangible resources, have students suggest as many as they can. See
page 99 for suggestions to get things rolling along with a discussion of human
resources. Friends are a resource. This book edition includes more information on
friendships than previous editions, broadening out from the basic emphasis on
managing home, work, and family life. Because people are marrying later, friends play a
significant role for those in their 20s and at other stages.

Building resource capacity on page 103 should be explored. Discuss in class how
students could build their resource capacity.

Within the Resource Advantage Theory discussion there is the subject of

entrepreneurs, people who organize, operate, and successfully manage a new
enterprise. How have students done this through student organizations, through their
jobs or volunteer work, in their families? Guest speakers could come to class from the
Enterprising Center on your campus (could be in the College of Business, could be
elsewhere) or from the community. The Chamber of Commerce may be a source for
information.

19
Case Studies are on pages 102, 105, 106, 110 and 124. A Critical Thinking box is on
page 109. Suggested Activities are on pages 107, 108, and 121.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. __________ are what is available to be used. They produce valued results.

They are assets used to satisfy some need.
a. Resources
b. Goals
c. Values
d. Attitudes

A, p. 104

2. The worth of __________ tend(s) to be undervalued in our society.

a. Internal exchanges
b. Abundance
c. Scarcity and risk
d. Tangible goods

A, p. 103

3. ___________ is the ability to recognize and use resources effectively.

a. Efficiency
b. Intuition
c. Helpfulness
d. Resourcefulness

D, p. 105

4. __________ cannot be touched; examples include integrity, confidence, and

literacy.
a. Tangible resources
b. Intangible resources
c. Societal resources
d. Familial resources

B, p. 106

5. Skills, talents, and abilities that people possess can be categorized best as:
a. Human resources
b. Tangible resources
c. Capital resources
d. Financial resources

A, p. 107

20
 6. According to the book, the most likely time for women’s friendships to fall off is
between the ages of:
a. 15-20
b. 25-40
c. 45-50
d. 51-60

B, p. 107

7. The artist Pablo Picasso sketched a woman tourist and charged her a lot for just
a few minutes work. By his response, this is an example of:
a. Overcharging
b. Getting paid for one’s life experience, expertise
c. Agreement on the woman’s part about “fair value”
d. Material resources

B, p. 108

8. In economics, ________ means a shortage or insufficient amount of supply.

a. Scarcity
b. Supply considerations
c. Leveraging
d. Risk

A, p. 109 & 111

9. ________ recognizes that obtaining any scarce good involves a cost which
affects behavior and goal setting.
a. The Dagher Theory
b. Fiduciary thinking
c. The Nish-Byer Theory
d. Economic thinking

D, p. 110

10. ___________ is the highest valued alternative that must be sacrificed to satisfy a
want or attain something.
a. Intangible resource
b. Choice
c. Opportunity cost
d. Availability

C, p. 111

21
 11. According to the book, the characteristic way an individual or family manages
resources is shaped by 5 forces, which of the following is not one of them.
a. Psychological/personality
b. Economic
c. Technological
d. Cognitive

D, p. 115

12. The ______________ Resource Model illustrated in the book shows the
interdependence of resources, how they exchange.
a. Foa & Foa
b. Elbing
c. Hertford & Myers
d. Eccles & Ward

A, p. 116

13. _________ is the value, worth, applicability, productiveness or usefulness of a

resource.
a. Utility
b. Marketability
c. Credit
d. Cache

A, p. 112

14. Resource-Advantage Theory developed by Shelby Hunt includes the ideas of

family competence or household competence and that __________ is part of
family resource management.
a. Competition
b. Cooperation
c. Companionship
d. Cognition

A, p. 117-119

15. __________ is starting to challenge the United States regarding the reputation of
being a top throwaway society or of being a heavy consumer society.
a. Brazil
b. Columbia
c. Thailand
d. China

D, p. 123

22
 Essays

1. Friendships are resources. In what way are they resources? How do men and
women differ in retaining friendships over the lifecycle?

Answers: Page 107. Friends are human resources, changing over time.

2. The Pablo Picasso sketch story illustrates the concept of human capital and of
resource exchange and different expectations between the seller and the buyer.
Describe where each is coming from in terms of resource management and
expertise. Define and explain human capital.

Answer: Page 108. Human capital is the sum total of human resources, all the
capabilities and traits that people use to achieve goals and other resources. Investing in
human capital is a lifelong personal and professional goal.

23
 Chapter 5

DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Overview

Decision making is the process of choosing between two or more choices (alternatives)
and proceeding. We are programmed to be active, to accomplish things, and to find out
what is going on. People are naturally curious and striving. At the same time people can
be self-ambivalent, uncertain or indecisive as to what course to follow because of a
conflicted attitude toward self. If you have ever asked yourself, what should I do? You
may have experienced self-ambivalence. This chapter includes many models of
decision making and problem solving. All of them are important and useful in visualizing
the steps and processes. In decision-making so many obstacles (mental, physical, and
social) can get in the way of reaching a successful conclusion. The word “problems”
suggests some difficulty beyond routine decision making.

Instructional Ideas

Go over each part of the DECIDE acronym, have students put in an example and work
through the parts:

 Define the decision (distill and define the issue): could be whether to go to grad
school or not, or where to move to after graduation
 Estimate resources (time, energy, $)
 Consider alternatives (different locations)
 Imagine (visualize) the consequences
 Develop an action plan and implement it (apply, check apt. rents, moving costs)
 Evaluate the decision

Postpurchase dissonance occurs during the last step, is the decision positively or
negatively reinforced and by whom? What would be expected? What is the role of self-
doubt or self-ambivalence in slowing or preventing decision making?

Since decision making and problem solving can be difficult to visualize, use the Elbing
Model on page 147 as a way to dissect decisions, also use the decision trees with the
roots formed by values. The Decision tree works best with a simple decision with two
distinct choices such as “Should I go home this weekend or should I stay on campus?”
Or, should I take the internship in New York City or the internship in Atlanta? Other
models include the Central-Satellite Model is one big decision in the middle affecting
off-shoot decisions, ones around it, and the Chain Model which is best for simple,
sequential steps. One must happen before the next step can be taken.

24
The GO Model on page 160 stands for the Goal-Oriented Pedagogical Model and it
offers another opportunity to work through a problem or decision with the emphasis on
goal achievement.

Case Studies are on pages 130, 137, and 145. Critical Thinking boxes can be found
on pages 135 and 145. Suggested Activities are on pages 138, 151, 153, 156, 157,
and 159. One asks students to describe success. This could easily be done in groups or
as a class includes naming three successful people and describe their qualities.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. __________ are conclusions or judgments about some issue or matter.

a. Criteria
b. Decisions
c. Influences
d. Problems

B, p. 132

2. ____________ is the process of making a choice between two or more

alternatives.
a. Bargaining
b. Trading
c. Decision making
d. Goal setting

C, p. 132-133

3. Good decisions meet many criteria, which of the following is not a main one.
a. Quality
b. Acceptance
c. Flexibility
d. Risk

D, p. 131

4. Decision making is a process, what is the first step?

a. Define the decision
b. Estimate resources
c. Consider alternatives
d. Imagine consequences

A, p. 135

25
 5. Putting a decision into action is called?
a. Visualization
b. Implementation
c. Satisficing
d. Reactivity

B, p. 136

6. After a decision is completed (particularly a consumer decision) and is being

evaluated, _______ may happen.
a. Postpurchase dissonance
b. Alternative sorting
c. Recriminations
d. Retaining the status quo

A, p. 136

7. In the ___________ model of decision making, each decision builds on the

previous one, forming a sequence of decisions, such as the steps involved in
preparing a meal.
a. Central-satellite
b. Foa & Foa
c. Elbing
d. Chain

D, p. 139

8. _________ can cloud the ability to make decisions or to accept decisions once
they are made.
a. Procrastination
b. Integrity
c. Self-doubt
d. Boredom

C, p. 137-138

9. The ________ refers to the situation when people are promoted beyond their
level of competence.
a. Peter Principle
b. Abernathy Principle
c. Delaney Principle
d. Suskind Principle

A, p. 142

26
 10. In the diagram of the decision tree, what lies at the bottom, the roots?
a. The basic decision
b. The alternatives
c. Resources
d. Values

D, p. 139

11. Decisions have history. The _________ Model shows the importance of
reference groups.
a. Re-invent
b. Elbing
c. Chain
d. Central-satellite

B, p. 147

12. _________ is a term referring to local area nesting, finding places outside home
and work to spend time.
a. Sustainability
b. Hatching
c. Re-starting
d. Retreat

B, p. 151

13. The ______ Model provides a visualization of the problem-solving process.

a. Eldridge
b. Chain
c. Central-satellite
d. GO

D. Pages 160

14. A person weighing uncertainty and risk is judging the ______ or likelihood of a
good or bad outcome,
a. Probability
b. Perception
c. Psychological extent
d. Unwillingness

A, p. 156

27
 15. The fear of making decisions, a form of helplessness, is termed:
a. Agoraphobia
b. Decidophobia
c. Ultraphobia
d. Claustrophobia

B, p. 143

Essays

1. Diagram the Central Satellite and Chain Models and put decision examples in
each part. Explain how these models may be useful, in what sorts of decisions.

Answers: Pages 139

2. How does the Peter Principle apply to employment situations? Define what the
Peter Principle means, describe a career situation where it might happen, and
give solutions.

Answer: Page 142

3. Run an example through the GO Model. Discuss each part and what is
happening.

Answer: Pages 159-160

28
 Chapter 6

PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, AND EVALUATING

Overview

What corner of your life would benefit from some planning? Eighty-nine percent of
Americans say they could use help here. Planning takes every concept (values,
resources, decision making, and goals) learned in the previous chapters and puts them
in a new light. A plan requires forethought.

There are primary plans and back-up plans. For example, in a hiring situation, four
candidates were brought in for a company visit and three were given offers but those
three chose to take other job offers. The back-up plan was to bring in new candidates
and to change the recruitment strategy slightly and to re-think the salary offers which
turned out to be too low. In successful planning, one learns to re-adjust, fine tune the
process so that goals are achieved.

Besides career plans, other types of plans range from mundane day to day planning to
vacation planning to financial planning. In a family, someone may be the designated
planner, the keeper of the schedule for the entire family. In retirement plans, it isn’t just
a question of what to do next but it’s about a level of financial certainty that lets potential
retirees do what they choose. Certainty, confidence, and security affect planning ability.

Instructional Ideas

This chapter is loaded with ideas for planning such as what works, what doesn’t? How
to better the odds of success? Students should be able to give examples of plans that
went right and plans that went wrong.

Personality is emphasized in this chapter. Go over introverts and extroverts and how
being more one way than the other affects decision making style. An example is how
information is gathered. See page 174.

Expertise is fun to talk about on page 175 – who is expert and why? How do they
develop expertise? Discuss student as experts – subjects, skills, and the 10 or more
years of practice. Consider the expression “Practice makes perfect.”

Figure 6.2 provides steps in the planning process starting with awareness that a plan
needs to be made. Making hotel and airplane reservations are examples of steps in
travel planning.

On page 167, multitasking is critical to present and discuss. Have students give
examples such as texting and walking. Practice reactive and proactive language, give
more examples of phrases such as those found on page 183. In groups, create
storyboards as shown on pages 188-189 – draw decision steps.

29
A Case Study (on author Stuart Woods and his three houses with identical desk set-
ups) is on page 166. Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 171, 174, 177, and 180.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Lists are useful in organizing. About ________ percent of Americans consider

themselves to be extremely organized.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 50
d. 87

B, p. 165 & 167

2. ________ is the first step in the planning process according to a Model (diagram)
in the book.

A. Implementing
B. Gathering and analyzing information
C. Awareness
D. Evaluation

C, p. 170

3. _________ is a thinking and information-gathering process involving a series of

decisions.

a. Planning
b. Acting
c. Sequencing
d. Brainstorming

A, p. 170

4. When short-term concerns (deadlines) create priorities and longer range

management needs are driven out, this part of:

a. McGregor’s Law
b. Gresham’s Law of Planning
c. Dorsey’s Principle
d. Lucien’s Law

B, p. 171

30
 5. The paradox of planning is that it can:

a. Both create and relieve stress

b. Produce anxiety
c. Provide economic supply and demand
d. Be only a short-term fix

A, p. 172

6. _________ tend to think about others and are less interested in self. They seek
outside opinions.

a. Introverts
b. Extroverts
c. Experts
d. None of the above is correct

B, p. 174

7. __________ occurs when two or more activities take place at the same time.

a. Independent activities
b. Multitasking or dovetailing
c. Compression
d. Co-acting

B, p. 179

8. ________ occurs when a person acquires more detailed knowledge and

develops more memory and experience, has contacts with others in the same
field of endeavor.

a. Expertise
b. Novice ability
c. Intermediate effort
d. Prodigy

A, p. 175

31
 9. _________ occurs when people are so busy doing things they cannot plan or
lead effectively.

A. Task duration
B. Task limitation
C. Task saturation
D. Task surrender

C, p. 173

10. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what is the level that is least likely to be
achieved?

a. Physiological
b. Safety and security
c. Belongingness
d. Self-actualization

D, p. 177

11. _________ are defined as quantitative and/or qualitative criteria that reconcile
resources with demands and serve as measures of values and goals.

a. Attitudes
b. Mid-level processes
c. Standards
d. 5-S principles

C, p. 178

12. __________ are backup or secondary plans to be used in case the first plan
does not work out.

a. Unilateral
b. Directional
c. Multilateral
d. Contingency

D, p. 182

32
 13. Which is not an example of proactive language?

a. I can
b. I control my feelings
c. They make me so mad
d. I choose

C, p. 183

14. Stephen R. Covey’s book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People has as the final
7th Habit the following:

a. Sharpen the saw

b. Be proactive
c. Synergize
d. Think win-win

A, p. 183

15. __________ people are often overly affected by outside forces, such as
changes in weather or the bad attitudes of coworkers.

a. Synergistic
b. Reactive
c. Positive
d. Pro-active

B, p. 183.

Essays

1. Storyboarding is a technique of visualizing the steps in the decision process.

Come up with a decision to illustrate using at least 6 cells or samples of drawing
starting from beginning to end. Who or what is the main player in the decision?
Why is drawing sometimes preferable to discussing a decision?

Answer: Pages 188-189. Drawing the steps simplifies the process in some ways,
allowing everyone to see what is going to happen and the expected outcome.

2. Personality types affect decision making and implementation. Describe the

difference between introversion and extroversion and how it might affect decision
making and implementation. Give an example for each.

Answer: Pages 174-176

33
3. Describe proactive and reactive approaches to planning and problem solving.
Give an example of each.

Answer: Pages 183-184. Being proactive means taking responsibility.

34
 Chapter Seven

COMMUNICATION

Overview

The chapter starts with a case study about a group of Alpha Males (leaders). It
proceeds to discuss the difference between dialogue (a two-way process) and
monologue (a one-way process). There are a lot of terms in this chapter specific to
communication and a recurring word “feedback” information returning to the system.

The Ostrich Effect means burying one’s head in the sand rather than face bad news,
see page 203. Examples of the Ostrich Effect are being hesitant to open acceptance
letters to colleges or to read emails or text messages from someone you dislike.
Avoidance can take place in person such as avoiding a particular acquaintance or work
colleague.

Communication is a fundamental part of management because much of what is

managed has to be communicated to others, plans being made, schedules being set
and so forth. Agreement has to be reached. A husband might say to his wife, “This
afternoon we have to stop at the bank.” And, she nods or says yes in return. Of course,
larger decisions such as moving to another state or taking on a different job will involve
much more communication. Effective communication is based on goals sought and is:

 Clear
 Concise
 Consistent
 Creative
 Sensitive to audience
 Persuasive
 Open to differing opinions

Communication can be open as the last point indicates or it can be closed.

Instructional Ideas

Go through the effective communication steps with students, then apply it to a news
release or an online report. Is it clear, concise…?

On page 203 there is a boxed list of ten aspects of nonverbal communication.

Demonstrate as many as you want. Have the students look around the classroom for
artifacts, the way each of them arranges their books and notebooks. Left hand students
can be immediately identified by the way they arrange their artifacts. Discuss space in
movies and airplanes, who owns the armrest?

Bring a measuring tape to class to illustrate the four distance zones on page 213.

35
The role of the home and the individual including the term cocooning (desire to be home
as a place of coziness, control, peace…) could be a basis of discussion. When do
people (adults and children) want to cocoon?

Case Studies are on pages 194, 199, 217, 218, and 219. One of the conclusions of the
first case study on Alpha Males was that “Getting to the top and staying there takes a
physical toll.” Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 194, 205, 211, 214, 217, and 221.
See if anyone remembers the Amelia Bedelia children’s books with confused
communication on page 205.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The average person spends _________ of waking hours in some form of

communication.

a. 10
b. 20
c. 70
d. 90

C, p. 196

2. The __________ is used in the book to illustrate avoiding potentially bad

news or communication.

a. Bear
b. Ostrich
c. Chicken
d. Alligator

B, p. 203

3. The ______ is the method by which communication travels from source to

sender to receiver.

a. Channel
b. Interference
c. Destination
d. N Ach factor

A, p. 197

36
 4. ___________ occurs in the sender’s and receiver’s minds.

a. External noise
b. Internal noise
c. Distortion
d. Blurring

B, p. 198

5. ________ is the process of putting ideas or thoughts into symbolic form.

a. Sourcing
b. Encoding
c. Decoding
d. Sending

B, p. 200

6. The receiver of a message is the __________ or audience.

a. Communicator
b. Sender
c. Destination
d. Channel

C, p. 200

7. Listening to a political ad or an ad for a new product usually requires:

a. Critical listening
b. Intellect
c. Emotions
d. An extroverted personality

A, p. 201

8. _________ is the ability to recognize and identify another’s feelings by putting

oneself in that person’s place.

a. Empathy
b. Critical listening
c. Reflective listening
d. Pleasurable listening

A, p. 201

37
 9. ___________ are things that suggest something else through association,
such as a tattoo or engagement ring.

a. Fine tuning
b. Symbols
c. Kinesics
d. Gifts

B, p. 202

10. _____________ is the distance between speakers.

a. Artifacts
b. Cybernetics
c. Proxemics
d. Calibrations

C, p. 204

11. _________ are statements that ascribe blame or judge others. They can
lead to arguments.

a. I-messages
b. You-messages
c. They messages
d. Expert messages

B, p. 204

12. According to researcher DeVito in the book, several factors will influence your
choice of conflict strategies, but this is not one of them.

a. Goals
b. Emotional State
c. Cognitive assessment of the situation
d. Intimacy level

D, p. 207

38
 13. _________ are a specific type of interpersonal conflict involving direct verbal
attacks on another individual.

a. Destructive conflicts
b. Constructive conflicts
c. Aggressive channel conflicts
d. None of the above is correct

A, p. 209

14. __________ Theory claims that individuals seek to develop relationships that
will maximize the benefits or profits and minimize the costs or deficits.

a. Elbing
b. Social Exchange
c. Life Sciences
d. Ostrich Effect

B, p. 211

15. Anthropologist E. T. Hall in his book The Silent Language said that:

a. What people do is more important than what they say

b. Silence is meaningful
c. Conflict is everything
d. Beware of underlying messages

A, p. 212

Essays

1. Why do we study communication as part of management? What does it

contribute to resource use? How is time involved? Give examples of time and
communication.

Answers: Throughout the chapter. Remember that effective managers are effective
communicators. What needs to be done (plans) should be communicated and this
process takes time and the building of consensus.

2. Men and women communicate differently. In what ways? Define and explain
Social Exchange Theory.

Answers: See pages 209-211 (about Deborah Tannen’s work). Men talk more at
meetings and in public, women talk more overall in the course of a day. Social
Exchange Theory is on page 211.

39
 Chapter 8

MANAGING HUMAN NEEDS

Overview

For this edition, the name of the chapter changed from Managing Human Resources to
Managing Human Needs because the term “human resources” often makes people
think of personnel offices rather than the broader scope that this chapter covers.
Understanding the fullness of life and caring for others are the subjects within.

This chapter had a major overhaul for the 5th edition because of the new population
figures from the 2010 U.S. Census and from the United Nations and other international
sources of data. In this chapter population is given by the numbers and also by density.
Worldwide, most people are living longer and having fewer children.

As I write this China is reconsidering its policy of one child per couple to raise it to two.
Students should know the top 5 most populous countries in order. China is at the top.

For current population trends such as fertility (average lifetime births per woman) go to
the Population Reference Bureau website. In the U.S., the fertility rate is 2.1 which is
high enough to keep the population at its current pace even if immigration falls off.

Instructional Ideas

The three ways human resources can be divided are:

 Cognitive: Knowledge, intelligence, reasoning

 Affective: Emotions, feelings
 Psychomotor: Muscular activity

Have students give examples of each, see page 227. Parenting requires all three.

One of the most important takeaways from this chapter is that the number of people per
household in the U.S. is going down, but the number of households is increasing.
Discuss implications of this for housing, transportation, time management, and food.

There are so many groups in this chapter to discuss from individuals with disabilities
and their special resource needs to homeless families. Depending where you live some
of these may seem more relevant than others. Nearly all students should have some
experience with caregiving for children or the elderly. This chapter asks them to expand
beyond their own experience into considering the needs of others.

Case Studies are on pages 230, 240, 247, 248, and 249. Critical Thinking boxes are
on pages 227 and 237. Suggested Activities are on pages 239, 233, and 252.

40
 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following countries currently has the largest population?

a. India
b. Indonesia
c. Brazil
d. China

D, p. 226

2. The largest concentration of people in the world (the most people) now is in
what region?

a. Africa
b. South America
c. Asia
d. Europe

C, p. 226

3. The first U.S. census was taken in:

a. 1790 when George Washington was president

b. 1850 when Millard Fillmore was president
c. 1890 when Benjamin Harrison was president
d. 1934 when F.D. Roosevelt was president

A, p. 228

4. Trend-wise, the worldwide population is going as follows:

a. More rural
b. More urban
c. Larger family size
d. Rapidly decreasing in places like Sao Paolo, Brazil

B, p. 228-229

41
 5. In the United States, the death rate has been decreasing for a number of
reasons. According to the book which is not a reason.

a. Decrease in infant mortality

b. Increase in life expectancy
c. Out migration
d. Declining rates of heart disease

C, p. 228

6. The _________ is the yearly number of births per 1,000 women of

childbearing age.

a. Fertility rate
b. Marriage rate affecting birth rates
c. Baby rate
d. Mortality rate

A, p. 220

7. Which of the following is true?

a. Families are getting bigger, across most populations

b. The U.S. is growing older, median age is rising
c. Minority groups are slowing down, getting smaller
d. There are 59 federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States

B, p. 230

8. The fastest growing minority group in the United States is ____________.

a. African American
b. Asian American
c. Hispanic/Latino
d. Native American

C, p. 230

9. The technical term for changing residences is _____________.

a. Mobility
b. Fertility
c. Immigration
d. Adaptation

A, p. 233

42
 10. When adult children return to their parents’ home to live, it is called:

a. Boomeranging
b. Cocooning
c. Burnout
d. Adaptation

A, p. 239

11. Very low income families may feel despair or pessimism about their future
and feel they have little control over their lives. This perspective is called:

a. Spiraling
b. Fatalism
c. Random disorder
d. Depression

B, p. 252

12. _________ is the study of the characteristics of human populations.

a. Demography
b. Geography
c. Paleontology
d. Gerontology

A, 228

13. The most populous state in the U.S. is:

a. Illinois
b. California
c. Michigan
d. Georgia

B, p. 229

14. Caregivers for the disabled elderly are most likely to be:

a. Daughters or other female relatives and friends

b. Sons or other male relatives and friends
c. Spouses
d. Assisted living attendants

A, p. 240

43
 15. A way to look at population is by density. Which of the following states is the
least densely populated?
a. Rhode Island
b. New York
c. Alaska
d. New Jersey

C, p. 229

Essays

1. Pick one of the following family groups and list and discuss five aspects of their
managerial problems, decision situations, and/or resource use. Choose from:
Two-earner families, Child care givers, Elder care givers, Homeless, Individuals
with disabilities, Single-parent and blended families, and Poverty and low-
income.

Answer: Pages 235-252. Answers may include financial, time, and energy
management, perspectives, problems, pressures, special needs, numbers of, in some
cases government programs or involvement. The emphasis should be on family units.
The Latchkey Parents case study on P. 249 is a novel solution to divorced parents –
keeping the family home where the kids live and the parent each have their own home
and switch coming back and forth to take care of the children in the family home. This
case study shows the importance of place for retaining a sense of stability to children.

2. What are the human movement/resource trends discussed in Chapter 8 on

Managing Human Needs? Where are the shifts occurring and why?

Answer: Pages 226-232. Answers would include an aging population, more urban, more
aging in place, more awareness, smaller families, more households, and differences by
groups.

44
 Chapter 9

MANAGING TIME

Overview

All individuals have a tempo, meaning a time pattern or pace that they feel comfortable
with. Professors and students sometimes call Resource Management for Individuals
and Families “The Time Book” for short. Time is a resource we all have. When
Americans are asked their number one problem usually the answer is not enough time.
The chapter starts with examples of other countries also noting the lack of time.

Drift time refers to unscheduled time that is enjoyable. Usually drift time is during the
weekends and holidays but in most college schedules there is unscheduled time
between classes. We all need drift time and executives including the President of the
U.S. has scheduled in drift time in order to have a balanced life. Small children
especially needs lots of drift time to explore their world. In the chapter there is
discussion of children and the drawbacks to overscheduling their time.

Instructional Ideas

Students can respond to these questions:

 Do you hate waiting in line?

 Do you multitask every chance you get?
 Is the Internet/server connection just too darned slow?
 Do you want everything to happen now?

As an instructor, you can add more fundamental life management questions to this list.
For example, do they hate 7:30 a.m. exams during finals week or 8:00 a.m. classes
during the quarter or semester? Conversely, do they dislike evening classes? What is
the optimum time for classes and exams in their opinion?

One of the best in class activities is the ABC Method of Time Control and Goals on
pages 270-272. Have students write down individually all their activities, everything they
have to do before they go to sleep tonight. Then, have them rate the activities A
(crucial), B (medium value), and C (can wait until tomorrow, less important). Discuss as
a class, then ask them to try and do the A activities and mark them off when done. In
the next class, ask them how it went.

Case Studies are on pages 258, 266, and 269. Critical Thinking boxes are on pages
260, 261, 279, and 281. Suggested Activities are on pages 268 272, and 284. Several
of these activities would make good homework assignments or projects such as on
page 284, write a list of your routines throughout the day and comparisons to
roommates or friends’ routines. Keeping a weekly time chart is also suggested.

45
 Multiple Choice Questions

1. _______________ is defined as the values and systems that guide the

conscious decisions made about activities and time use.
a. Time management
b. Attitudinal change
c. Family life management
d. Corporal management

A, p. 258

2. In the U.S., time use data is collected on a national level by the:

a. Consumer Product Safety Commission

b. Federal Reserve Board
c. Dept. of Health and Human Services
d. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

D, p. 258-259

3. When cross-sections of Americans are asked what the main problem they are
dealing with is, the majority will say they don’t have:

a. Nearly enough time

b. A big enough house
c. Enough money
d. Meaningful relationships

A, p. 261

4. Only about ____ of families eat together daily, meaning one meal or more a day.

a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 43%
d. 76%

C, p. 261

46
 5. A central management concept is _______________ which is concerned with
how time spent in one activity takes away from time spent in another activity.

a. time displacement
b. time exploitation
c. time strategy
d. time aspiration

A, p. 262

6. Time is primarily a __________ that can be measured in units.

a. Value
b. Goal
c. Resource
d. Decision device

C, p. 263

7. Whose last words were “All my possessions for a moment of time?”

A. Stanley Whitehall
B. Queen Elizabeth I
C. Peter Senge
D. Queen Margaret

B, p. 264

8. According to employment studies, what is the most productive day of the week?

a. Monday
b. Tuesday
c. Wednesday
d. Thursday

B, p. 267

9. David Elkind, author and child expert, says that:

a. Children do not have enough to do

b. Children have too much free time
c. Children are overcommitted and growing up too fast and too soon
d. Children spend too much time in unorganized activities

C, p. 265

47
10. ______________ is the time that an individual cannot control totally by himself or
herself.

a. Discretionary time
b. Real time
c. Psychic time
d. Nondiscretionary time

D, p. 264

10. In Alan Lakein’s book How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life, he states
that daily time use should be directly related to:

a. Resources
b. Goals
c. Values
d. Attitudes

B, p. 270

11. In Alan Lakein’s book How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life, he divides
time use into different levels called ABC, the C level stands for:

a. The most important activities

b. Medium value activities
c. Low-value activities
d. None of the above are correct

C, p. 274-275

12. According to The Silent Language written by E. T. Hall, there are three
anthropological models of time. Which of the following is not one of them?

a. Procedural-traditional
b. Linear-separable
c. Circular-traditional
d. Spatial-sequential

D, pages 274-275

48
 13. The most accurate quantitative time measure is:

a. Self-report or diary method

b. Recall method
c. Observation method
d. A combination of all of the above methods to allow for cross checks.

D, p. 277-278

14. _____________ time use investigates the meaning or significance of time use
and how individuals feel about time use.

a. Episodic
b. Quantitative
c. Qualitative
d. Derisive

C, p. 278

15. _____________ rhythms are the daily rhythmic activity cycles, based on 24-hour
intervals, that humans experience.

a. Circadian
b. Cybernetic
c. Dynamic
d. Calibrated

A, p. 277

Essays

1. Three models of time perception by culture were given: linear-separable, circular

traditional, and procedural-traditional. Explain how each is unique and give an
example of a cultural group for each and how they might perceive time.

Answer: Pages 274-275.

2. Some people use their time more effectively than others. Describe Alan Lakein’s
ABC method of time control. Also discuss people’s peak energy time and
circadian rhythms. Do you fit the typical patterns described in the book? Why or
why not?

Answer: For ABC method see page 270, peak energy is 10 or 11 a.m. for most people,
circadian is on page 277 refers to biological response to time.

49
 Chapter 10

MANAGING WORK AND FAMILY

Overview

We seek success, but defining success especially in the workplace is getting harder to
do. This chapter covers work and family conflicts and the importance of social support.

This chapter also covers work ethic, commitment, and workaholism (the inability to stop
thinking about work and doing work…), all ripe for in-class discussion. See workforce
trends section. Having sustainable workplace policies (rules and ways of conducting
business that are successful over a long period of time) and sustainability (going
green) are significant trends in most work places.

We don’t want to waste time on unsatisfying activities. Being productive and successful
at work have an enormous impact on a person’s life. The smart work place rewards
productivity in meaningful ways. A fulfilling role:

Has a clear purpose

 Is personally meaningful
Is not a pretense

Employed work can be so enjoyable and rewarding that it is hard to turn off, see the
opening Case Study.

Instructional Ideas

Have students give examples in class of:

 Procrastination (putting off work, postponing decisions)

 Parkinson’s Law (job or task expands to fill time available)
 Pareto’s Principle (80-20 rule)

Discuss the role of deadlines, due dates for projects, exam days – how does
procrastination figure in on these? E-procrastination is a new version, not keeping up
with electronic messages. Is this a problem?

The state of Utah experimented with a 4-day workweek, and then decided to go back
to a 5 day workweek. Why did not conforming to the usual M-F pattern not work? What
does your class think of a 4-day workweek as a national standard? Pros and cons (a
con would be longer work days M-Th). How will it affect the tourist and entertainment
industries? What do they think of college football games on Thursday nights becoming
the norm? What does this say about Friday classes?

50
Feeling overworked is a psychological state. Conduct discussion – when do students
feel overworked? Assume exam times, when projects are due, outside work demands
etc.

The interaction of public policy and resource management comes together with the
discussion of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Discuss features of this Act.
Do they know anyone who has accessed it or would they themselves (and under what
circumstances)? Discuss government jobs related to work and family, domestic and
foreign including U.S.Dept. of Labor and U.S. Dept. of State, if from other countries
substitute appropriate departments or agencies.

Case Studies are on pages 290, 302, 306, 307, 309, and 311. Critical Thinking boxes
on pages 291, 292, 294, 295, and 315. Discuss in class, is it possible to have too much
leisure, to be bored? Is leisure a place or state of mind?

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The concept of workplace is changing with 24-7 access. Work and family
life has become more complicated as it is harder to turn off work, a study
showed that:

a. Smaller organizations may be more nurturing than larger ones.

b. Executives are more time stressed than people in low-demand, low pay jobs
c. The affluent have the most work-family conflicts
d. Caregivers don’t have much conflict because they stay at home

A, p. 292

2. ____________ occurs when a person is so heavily involved in one domain (work or

family) and may not be psychologically or physically available for the other.

a. Involvement balance
b. Spillover
c. Dominance
d. Assimilation

A, p. 293

51
 3. A total benefits package can increase a person’s total compensation by
________ or more.

a. 10 percent
b. 20 percent
c. 30 percent
d. 55 percent

C, p. 295

4. In _________ each person makes concessions giving in a little in order to gain a

valued settlement or outcome such as harmony.

a. Assimilation
b. Compromise
c. Valuation
d. Socialization

B, p. 297

5. In economic theory, an unemployment rate of _________ considered desirable.

a. 5 percent or less
b. 9 to 10 percent
c. Under 12 percent
d. 18 percent

A, p. 298

6. Authors Ulrich and Dunne found that many of the ways that people react to work,
employers, and coworkers are based on:

a. early childhood experiences

b. school experiences with teachers
c. language development
d. first paid work experiences

A, p. 299

52
 7. __________ is at the core of work-family interchange.

a. Social support
b. Passion
c. Clarity
d. Tagline

A, p. 299

8. In the United States, in 1993 President ________________ signed the Family

and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) which allows workers at companies with more
than 50 employees to take up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave to care for
newborns and newly adopted children or to care for ill family members or
themselves.

a. Ronald Reagan
b. George Bush
c. Bill Clinton
d. George W. Bush

C, p. 302

9. ___________ refers to the inability to stop thinking about work or doing work.
Also that work is the most pleasurable part of life.

a. Reactivism
b. Workaholism
c. Procrastination
d. Obsessing

B, p. 306

10. The phenomenon that states that a job expands to fill the time available to
accomplish a task is called:

a. Pareto’s principle
b. Parkinson’s Law
c. The Peter Principle
d. Northcote’s Law

B, p. 309

53
 11. Trends in the workplace include this leading one:

a. In recent years, being underemployed, having employment beneath one’s level

of education and experience
b. Longer lunch hours
c. Kinder, more empathetic bosses
d. More work space, larger private offices

A, p. 309

12. About ________________ of all Americans volunteer each year in the non-profit
sector.

a. one-tenth
b. one-quarter
c. one-half
d. 90%

C, p. 314

13. Pareto’s Principle states that:

a. 20 percent of the time expended produces 80 percent of the results

b. 90 percent of the time spent produces 10 percent of the results
c. 75 percent of time is wasted
d. A task or job fills the time available

A, p. 309

14. Which of the following is true?

a. The U.S. has a mandated vacation policy, everyone gets 2 weeks

b. There is a trend towards downshifting, opting for a simpler life or at least
considering it
c. Europeans generally have shorter vacations that North Americans
d. The workforce in the U.S. is getting younger

B, p. 311

54
 15. There are stereotypes (myths) about home-based businesses. Which of
the following statements is a stereotype?

a. Most home-based businesses are run by women such as child care centers
b. Most home-based businesses are run by men on computers
c. It is hard to have a home-based business, too many conflicts
d. Most home-based businesses are financially stable, rewarding

A, p. 311-312

16. In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards
Act which established a __________workweek.

a. 35 hour
b. 38 hour
c. 44 hour
d. 48 hour

C, p. 303

Essays

1. The home can serve as a “pit stop” a place to rest, eat, sleep, and change
clothes to and from work with work being the most important part of life. Describe
this way of handling personal and home life. Also define workaholism and how
this might be connected to the home as “pit stop” phenomenon.

Answer: Throughout chapter, specifically on page 295 refer to the Critical Thinking box.

2. How is the physical workspace changing? Who is working at home and why?
Describe your ideal workspace, the hours, the physical conditions, the work itself.

Answer: See pages 311-313 for home-based work and telecommuting.

55
 Chapter 11

Managing Stress and Fatigue

Overview

For many, this is the favorite chapter. All of us experience stress and fatigue. The
question is how can we manage them better to improve our quality of life? Staying
focused on goals and priorities while undergoing stress is one of the most difficult things
we have to do.

Everyone talks about stress but what do we really know about it from a scientific,
behavioral point of view? Stress refers to the body’s reaction to a demand, or a physical
or an emotional situation that causes imbalance. Stress usually involves a state of
tension. A stress free life would be impossible. Catastrophic natural disasters, for
example, cause great stress. Some stresses are unpredictable but some are predictable
such as final exam times. Fatigue can simply mean feeling tired or something more
complicated.

Instructional Ideas

What stresses students? Examples could be deadlines, tests, projects, friends and
relationships. Have them make a list, discuss in small groups. Prioritize. What stresses
them the most?

In class, discuss the following and typical characteristics:

 Type A personalities
 Type B personalities

How might these personality types affect decision making and the handling of stress
and fatigue?

On page 325, have students check off all of the following that happened to them in last
5 years.

 Addition of a Family Member

 Loss of a Family Member
 Engagement or wedding
 Sudden unexpected change
 Moving

56
Also take the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the stressor events checklist on
page 327 and have students check off stressors here and add up the points, see who in
the class “wins” with the highest points.

Page 353, draw sleep cycle on the board or use the powerpoints, go over NREM and
REM sleep. Discuss sleep hygiene suggestions for better sleep on page 355.

Go over caffeine effects on sleep. Heavily caffeinated drinks are becoming more and
more popular, bring some cans or bottles to class and read out the figures. Before doing
this, have the students as a group or have one or two students volunteer to put the cans
and bottles in order from lowest to highest.

Case Studies are on pages 322, 326, 336, 338, 348, and 352. Critical Thinking boxes
are on pages 323, 341, 345, and 350. A Suggested Activity is on page 353, put a
sleep pattern for 3 days on a graph (homework assignment, put form or graph on line,
when do they go to bed, when do they wake?), include daytime naps.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sources of stress include all but which of the following:

a. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other such natural events

b. Angry family members and friends
c. Clutter, mental and physical
d. All of the above are potential sources of stress

D, Pages 322-323

2. _________ refers to the body’s reaction to a demand.

a. Stress
b. Stimulus
c. Hardship
d. Overload

A, p. 322

3. ______________ are events that cause stress, often requiring changes in normal
patterns of behavior.

a. Disappointments
b. Crises
c. Sports activities
d. Office meetings

B, 326

57
 4. Holmes and Rahe created a Social Readjustment Rating Scale illustrated in the
book. They say stresses can mount up leading to:

a. suicide
b. illness
c. alcoholism
d. smoking addiction

B, p. 327

5. Outsourcing is a logical extension of David Ricardo’s 1817 _____________.

a. Theory of Pro-Active Stress

b. Peter Principle
c. Theory of Comparative Advantage
d. Theory of Dometic Economics

C, P. 329

6. David Dollahite’s ABCD-XYZ Resource Management Model shows that

__________ cannot be studied in isolation, adaptive coping is important.

a. Stress and stressors

b. Love
c. Work
d. Career seeking activity

A, p. 328

7. Internal stress originates in:

a. The outside coming in, intruding

b. One’s own mind and body
c. Acute stress
d. On-going role playing, not being genuine

B, p. 331

58
 8. Hans Selye called beneficial stress:

a. Distress
b. Eustress
c. Prostress
d. Type B stress

B, p. 331

9. A _______ is a combination of habit and everyday expectations mixed with an

appropriate amount of novelty and adventure.

a. Domino effect
b. Dopler zone
c. Comfort zone
d. Circadian rhythm

C, p. 330

10. ________ describes hardy people who bounce back, have a sense of control
over their lives and do not fear change.

a. Cognition
b. Emotive ability
c. Psychological hardiness
d. Reactivity

C, p. 333

11. In 1932, Walter Cannon of the Harvard Medical School coined the phrase
________________ to refer to the alerted condition of the body as it prepares for
physical battle or escape.

a. Terror or fright
b. Push or pull
c. Punch or race
d. Flight or fight syndrome

D, p. 334

59
 12. When someone is stressed the first phase is physiological, second is resistance
and the last stage is:

a. Evaluation
b. Exhaustion
c. Clarity
d. Symbolic reaction

B, p. 335

13. Which of the following is false?

a. Type B persons are more relaxed, easy going, and cooperative

b. Type A persons are excessively striving, impatient, competitive
c. Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) may provide stress management
programs
d. The most enthusiastic travelers for work are between the ages of 45-54.

D, p. 337

14. ___________ has been shown to be a significant stress reliever;

a. Vitamin A
b. Greek food
c. Exercise
d. Chicory

C, p. 336

15. _________ is the Japanese word meaning death from over work.

a. Karoshi
b. Tora
c. Samauri
d. Santori

A, p. 340

Essays

1. Describe how burnout and chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) are different from
everyday fatigue. Gives examples of burnout, cfs, and fatigue.

Answer: Page 342-344

60
 2. In the book there is the sentence “Sleep absolutely affects health.” How does
sleep affect health? What age group sleeps more hours a day than elderly
individuals? Draw the typical sleep cycle, label the parts.

Answers: Page 352-354

61
 Chapter 12

MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

Overview

New to this edition is “Incorporating Agriculture into Communities” on pages 371-372.

The near environment of the home and the community is being re-considered in terms
of green space, pathways, surrounding woods and fields. A new vision of the best
balance is evolving. This chapter moves away from current personal life management
(time, stress, fatigue) to content on the future specifically on environmental
management – choices made to support sustainability. College campuses, homes, and
workplaces are increasingly going green. The term “back to nature” has renewed
meaning.

Instructional Ideas

Efforts on your campus could be a basis for in-class discussion. Is paper recycled in
your department or school? If so, in what ways? Is it convenient to recycle on your
campus? Guest speakers from the sustainability office on your campus and from the
green movement could come to class. On most campuses there are green clubs or
offices devoted to recycling efforts. What is the source of energy/power on your
campus? How long has it been in place? Is there a plan to change it?

Discuss ecological footprint and carbon footprint. On page 365 green building is
described. On page 365 there is the concept of life cycle assessment.

Once past the overview and introduction, the chapter moves to the environmental and
solutions section with these topics:

 Water
 Energy
 Noise
 Waste and Recycling
 Air quality

Students could make a list of everything they throw out in one day or in one week
including paper products. The form could be online similar to the time charts suggested
in Chapter 9. In fact, this could be an end of quarter or semester project to hand in both
a time and waste chart with a self-evaluation at the end.

A sample EnergyGuide is given on page 382. Put this on the screen to go over the
various parts and discuss the ENERGY STAR label.

62
A Case Study is on page 372 about farms instead of golf courses surrounding new
housing developments. It should be pointed out that golf courses are making a
concerted effort to be greener, using more native plants and less water than in the past.
Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 364 and 365. A Suggested Activity is on page
369. Put the Continuum of Environmental Activism on the board or screen, where do
most of your students place themselves on the continuum? No right or wrong answers
or pressure to conform, let students say what they want and explain why.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the language of economics, the environment is considered a ___________, a

good we have to protect.

a. Personal good
b. Community good
c. Natural good
d. Aggregate good

C, p. 364

2. The impact on the land, air, and sea from consumption of goods and resources is
known as the _______________.

a. Ecological footprint
b. Natural capital
c. Species preservation
d. None of the above is correct

A, p. 363

3. The ultimate goal is ____________ which is a form of growth wherein societal needs,
present and future, are met.

a. Sustainable development
b. Carbon footprint
c. Ecological footprint
d. Planned land use development

A, p. 363

63
4.In the United States, the recycling rate has _________during the last 15 years
according to the book.

a. risen 10%
b. doubled
c. risen 90%
d. tripled

B, p. 365

5. The five countries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions include all of the
following except:

a. Qatar
b. Australia
c. Canada
d. Kenya

D, p. 364

6.The place where an organism lives is best described as its ________.

a. Far environment
b. Habitat
c. Radius
d. Shelter

B, p. 367

7. A(n) _______________ is the subsystem of ecology that emphasizes the

relationship between organisms and their environment.

a. Ecosystem
b. Carbon footprint
c. Biology
d. Socio-psychology

A, p. 367

64
 8._____________ refers to the thoughts and actions given to protecting and
sustaining the environment.

a. Ecoconsciousness
b. Atrophy
c. Eco-recognition
d. Sustainability

A, p. 368

9.____________ is the act or process of preserving and protecting natural

environments from loss or depletion.

a. Conservation
b. Multifinality
c. Contamination
d. Problem recovery

A, p. 368

10.A _____________ is essentially unlimited.

a. Renewable resource
b. Forest
c. Gold strike
d. Waste stream

A, p. 369

11.__________ is about the relationship of a house and its occupants with the
environment, encouraging eco-friendly design.

a. Green building
b. A xeroscape
c. A green audit
d. A Large is Beautiful residence

A, p. 365

65
 12.The depletion of species or extinction is mainly caused by:

a. Drought
b. Loss of habitat
c. Heat
d. Failure to reproduce

B, p. 337

13._________ are systems of morals, principles, values, or good conduct.

a. Ethics
b. Channels
c. Social exchanges
d. Cultures

A, p. 370

14.____________ are the remains of dead vegetation, such as coal, oil, and natural
gas which can be burned to release energy.

a. Flora and fauna

b. Effluent
c. Fossil fuels
d. Charcoal and ash

C, p. 376

15.Which of the following is false?

a. A breakdown of U.S. household garbage reveals the largest amount percentage-

wise is paper and paperboard.
b. In U.S. households most of the water usage is in the bathroom.
c. The founder of the modern environmental movement and author of Silent Spring
is Rachel Carson
d. Deciduous trees such as most pines do not lose their leaves/foliage in winter.

D, p. 380

66
 16. ________ is an odorless and colorless gas, a product of the combustion of fossil
fuels and burning wood. It is a leading cause of accidental poisoning in the U.S.

a. Radon
b. Carbon monoxide (CO)
c. Nitrogen dioxide
d. Sulfur dioxide

B, p. 387

17. The intensity or loudness of sound is measured by:

a. Amps
b. Bytes
c. Decibels
d. Watts

C, p. 383

Essays

1. The chapter ends with a discussion of positive ecology. Define and discuss the
term and give ten examples of reducing, reusing, and/or recycling.

Answer: Page 389 for definition and description of positive ecology. Ideas are given
throughout the chapter for the ten examples from water saving to noise reduction all
leading to healthier homes and lives.

2. Environmental awareness begins in the home. How can children help reduce the
ecological footprint? How can college students help?

Answer: See discussion on page 363 of ecological footprint.

67
 Chapter 13

MANAGING FINANCES

Overview

This chapter gets us back to individual and family management with the subject of
personal finance although it is presented in terms of the general economy within the
greater environment. Decision-making and practical choices are given throughout the
chapter. More attention is given to debt, credit, FICO scores, employment, benefits and
the like than in previous editions since money management (in tough economic times)
has never been more critical.

Instructional Ideas

Ask students what are they saving for (goals) or will save for once graduated and
working fulltime.

List the goal-time categories next and have students suggest examples for each:

 Short term goals (0-3 years)

 Medium term goals (3-7 years)
 Long term goals (7-10 years)

Which of these goals costs money? The answer will be they nearly all do. See if they
can estimate costs.

FICO scores covered on page 412 is a subject of avid student interest and
misconception. Stress the range 300-850 and that the number one determinant is “bills
paid on time.” The main point is that credit and money use has a history that follows
them and will affect future purchases.

A Case Study is given on page 394. Critical Thinking boxes are located on pages
395, 399, 402, 410, 418and 419. Suggested Activities are on pages 394 and 424.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. It is easy to sign contracts for gym membership, but if one rarely goes to the gym
a gap exists between _______ and behavior.

a. Resources
b. Values (hope)
c. Attitudes
d. Ethics

B, p. 396

68
 2. Self-control issues exist for several areas for most people. Which of the following
is not on the usual list?

a. Using credit or debit cards

b. Mail order clubs or buying online
c. Malls, shopping centers or other types of in-person shopping
d. Antiques

D, p. 396

3. One attitude shift in the United States is that people are beginning ___________ at
an earlier age.

a. Travel planning
b. Career planning
c. Retirement planning
d. Estate planning

C, p. 396

3. __________ is the science or practice of managing money or other assets.

a. Actuarial management
b. Budgeting
c. Accounting
d. Financial management

D, p. 397

4. A(n) _____ or a spending plan or guide can be helpful by providing a visible

means of controlling money.

a. Annuity
b. Budget
c. Net worth statement
d. Money calendar

B, p. 397

69
 5. In the United States, the Great Depression peaked in:

a. 1900
b. 1933
c. 1945
d. 1981

B, p. 400

6. The Business Cycle has three main parts, which of these is not one of them?

a. Expansion
b. Recession
c. Inflation
d. Recovery

C, p. 400

7. An area that is rising significantly in cost is:

a. Health care
b. Home appliances and electronics
c. College tuition
d. both a and c are correct

D, p. 401

8. The main measure of inflation is the ________________ computed and reported

each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

a. Consumer Price Index

b. Product Producer Index
c. Consumer Confidence Survey
d. New Homes Sales Matrix

A, p. 402

9. The _____________ is a measure of the goods and services affordable and

available to consumers.

a. standard of living
b. level of living
c. consumption standard
d. online consumer survey

B, p. 403

70
 10. There are different kinds of income discussed in the book. Which one of the
following does not belong.

a. Discretionary
b. Disposable
c. Gross
d. Aspirational

D, p. 403

11. Rent and car payments are examples of:

a. Variable expenses
b. Fixed expenses
c. Net worth expenses
d. Assets

B, p. 405

12. One way to approach saving is to have a goal of building a(n) ______________
of three to six month’s income.

a. Emergency fund
b. Umbrella reserve
c. Quantity fund
d. Production/consumption reserve

A, p. 407

13. ____________ also known as cash cards are computerized banking

transactions, they remove money directly from your account.

a. Credit cards
b. Debit cards
c. Smart cards
d. Access cards

B, p. 409

71
 14. Which of the following is not one of the three major credit bureaus in the U.S.?

a. Equifax
b. Experian
c. American Express
d. Trans Union

C, p. 411

15. A(n)_______ is a numeric value assigned to credit habits, bill paying, and
history.

a. FICO Score
b. Annual percentage score
c. Financial Score
d. FDIC Score

A, p. 412

16. ___________ is the speed and ease of retrieving cash or turning another type of
investment into cash.

a. Morbidity
b. Liquidity
c. Asset building
d. Lifetime earning credit

B, p. 413

17. _____________ is a financial arrangement whereby people pay premiums tp

a(an) ____________ company that reimburses them in the event of loss or
injury.
a. Stock
b. Mutual Fund
c. Insurance
d. Investiture

C. p. 414

72
 Essays

1.Medicare (government-sponsored health insurance) starts at age 65, yet full Social
Security (based on date of birth) might not start until 66 or 67. Discuss government
policy and also personal financial decisions given this piece of information. Include in
your discussion family issues such as the “sandwich generation.” How do people
choose when is the best time to retire from a financial perspective?

Answer: Page 420-423. Refer to Figure 13.9.

2.Wealth is the state of being rich and having a high net worth. List 5 activities
someone could do to build wealth (legal ways only). Explain how you arrived at
these 5 activities and how they would lead to wealth accumulation.

Answer: Throughout the chapter, specifically on wealth pages 427-429.

73
 Chapter 14

MANAGING TOMORROW

Overview

This final chapter builds on the previous ones and offers a view into the future. One of
the purposes of studying family resource management is to prepare yourself and your
family for the changes ahead. What can we expect? We can look forward to
improvements in health care and longevity, greater technology and mobility and on the
flip side a more crowded planet with the decision making issues and resource allocation
that come as a result.

Main topics include visionary leadership and managerial judgment, both needed to
maintain a competitive edge and build a better functioning planet. Management needs
more informed leaders. The tone of this end chapter is inspirational. Students are
encouraged to use the skills and insights gained in the course to improve their present
and future lives and to help others pursue their goals.

The 5S Management Concept borrowed from business management and manufacturing

about how to organize – applies to tangibles such as work and living spaces and to
intangibles such as information. It can be seen as a progression, an update, of work
simplification introduced in Chapter 2 on “Management History and Theories.” Less
clutter enhances productivity and that aesthetics matter, new research adds credence to
these principles.

Instructional Ideas

On the surface, the 5S Management Concept can seem simplistic but try it on a
physical space or on a program policy/idea/curriculum and you will see there is more to
it than meets the eye, especially if many people are involved in the performance and the
outcome. Look at the end step, this is another chance to reinforce the word “sustain” as
in sustainability discussed in Chapter 12 on “Managing Environmental Resources.”

 Sort: Order items and activities

 Straighten: Arrange
 Shine: After task is done, clean and restore areas
 Standardize: Consistent methods save time
 Sustain: Maintain, reduce waste, evaluate

Feeling creative? In discussing the future and life on self-sustaining moon bases or on
Mars, on the board or screen draw or show Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (from Chapter
1) and go through the steps beginning with physiological needs and the concerns
therein. What do students need to know about air supply first of all? NASA websites are
a resource.

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Global maps will help in presenting the Human Development Index from the United
Nations and a discussion of worldwide human development. Where does your country
fit on the Index? If not printed on the page go to the United Nations website for a
complete list. With maps point out the clusters of countries which place high on the list
and discuss as a class why this might be so.

Also discuss in class the word “transparency” the need for openness in revealing
information about the operations of companies, organizations, institutions, and
governments. Can students think of an example of transparency they have observed or
experienced in their own lives?

Discuss the difference between satisficers and maximizers (endless searchers for
information). Which type are they more like or in what kinds of decision situations are
they more likely to be satisficers or maxmizers?

Case Studies are on pages 438 and 439. Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 436,
437, 440, 444, and 447.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is not one of the steps in the 5S Management Concept?

a. Sort
b. Straighten
c. Socialize
d. Sustain

C, p. 443

2. The 5S Management Concept is derived from five ___________ words which

when loosely translated into English become five words beginning with the letter
“S.”

a. Danish
b. Japanese
c. Russian
d. German

B, p. 442

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 3. _______________ refers to openness in revealing information about the
operations of companies, organizations, institutions, and governments.

a. Transparency
b. Viscosity
c. Liquidity
d. Apprenticing

A, p. 435

4. Management needs more _________ who participate in community action

programs and families, contribute to scientific, social or economic advances and
improve human lives.

a. Followers
b. Leaders
c. Social workers
d. Muckrakers

B, p. 437

5. In the U.S. the number of households is:

a. Growing
b. Staying the same
c. Decreasing slowly
d. Decreasing at a fast rate

A, p. 438

6. ________________ is defined as the application of the scientific method and

materials to achieve objectives. Another definition is knowledge systematically
applied to useful purposes.

a. History
b. The 4C Concept
c. Technology
d. Engineering

C, p. 441

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 7. _____________ consists of the social and managerial processes through which
solutions are first translated into social use in a given culture.

a. Innovation
b. Invention
c. Diffusion
d. Intellect

A, p. 441

8. According to the writer William Gibson, “The future is already here – it’s just
unevenly distributed.” By this he means that:

a. Internet access, for example, is available to some but not to all

b. Innovation access is readily available to all
c. The low-income countries are catching up to the rich countries
d. New technologies spread at an even pace

A, p. 442

9. About ___________ of the U.S. population moves each year.

a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 35%

C, p. 445

10. The _________ measures overall progress in 174 countries, based on life
expectancy, adult literacy rate, education level and GDP per capita.

a. United Nations Well-Being Ratio

b. Human Development Index (HDI)
c. De Facto Index
d. International Impact Survey

B, p. 448

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 11. _________ means the expression by cultural and ethnic groups of their heritage.

a. Multiculturalism
b. Socialization
c. The 5 S Concept
d. Apartheid

A, p. 449

12. The shift from wanting to own all to owning only what is needed is an example of
a _________________.

a. Paradigm shift
b. Goal re-evaluation
c. Reformation
d. Retro-change

A, p. 442

13. Because _____ has two official languages (French and English), it is one of the
world’s leaders in multiculturalism and government policy.

a. Belgium
b. Canada
c. France
d. Ghana

B, p. 449

14. _____________ refers to the health and happiness of the total person, involving
body, mind, and spirit and includes measures of life expectancy, health, and
education.

a. Psychographics
b. Well-being
c. Positive sociology
d. Assimilation

B, p. 447

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 15. _________________ means that each unit of saved time is more valuable than
the last unit.

a. Acceleration effect
b. Assimilation
c. Separation
d. Acculturation

A, p. 447

Essays

1. Building leadership potential is a goal of the study of individual and family

resource management. What is the difference in decision making styles between
satisficers and maximizers? How might their styles affect employees under them
or the way groups or teams function?

Answer: Page 437. Satisficers may make decisions quickly and stick with them.
Maximizers might need more time to search for more information and opinions and
when they make a choice may be less committed to it.

2. Describe the parts of the 5S Management Solution and explain how they can be
used to organize:

a. an existing home, and

b. a workplace with many employees

Answer: Pages 442-444 and refer to the “Overview.”

- End of Instructor’s Manual -

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