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    Electricity (Science 8)

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    Notes about electricity from Science 8

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    Electricity (Science 8)

    Uploaded by

    amandasln.sa
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    Notes about electricity from Science 8

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    Notes about electricity from Science 8

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views1 page

    Electricity (Science 8)

    Uploaded by

    amandasln.sa
    Notes about electricity from Science 8

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Electric current- the movement of charged particles in a specific direction.

    The charged particle


    may be an electron, a positive ion or a negative ion, and they are referred to as current carriers.
    The symbol used for current is I because early scientists thought about the intensity of the
    electricity in a wire. • Electric current is just like the flow of water called water current which is
    the amount of water flowing through any cross-section of the pipe per unit time. • The unit of
    current is given in coulomb per second (C/s) and is named ampere (A) after the French
    physicist Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836), who discovered that two parallel wires attract each
    other when currents flow through them in the same direction and repel each other when
    currents are made to flow in opposite directions. • If the current continues to flow in the same
    direction through the conducting wire all the time, it is called direct current (DC). This is the kind
    of current that we get from flashlight cells and batteries. • If the current periodically reverses the
    direction in which it is moving, it is called alternating current (AC). This is the kind of current we
    have in our home and in school

    We define voltage as the opposition a material offers to current. The symbol of resistance is R.
    All materials offer some resistance to current, but the amount of resistance differs from each
    other. There are high-resistance and low-resistance materials. More energy is required to move
    electrons through high-resistance materials.

    In electrical terms, this is represented by two circuits with equal voltages and different
    resistances. The circuit with the higher resistance will allow less charge to flow, meaning the
    circuit with higher resistance has less current flowing through it. This brings us back to Georg
    Simon Ohm. Ohm defines the unit of resistance of “1 Ohm” as the resistance between two
    points in a conductor where the application of 1 volt will push 1 ampere, or 6.241×1018
    electrons. This value is usually represented in schematics with the Greek letter “Ω”, which is
    called omega, and pronounced “ohm”.

    We define voltage as the amount of potential energy between two points on a circuit. One point
    has more charge than another. This difference in charge between the two points is called
    voltage. It is measured in volts, which, technically, is the potential energy difference between
    two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it
    (don’t panic if this makes no sense, all will be explained). The unit “volt” is named after the
    Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented what is considered the first chemical battery.
    Voltage is represented in equations and schematics by the letter “V”. When describing voltage,
    current, and resistance, a common analogy is a water tank. In this analogy, charge is
    represented by the water amount, voltage is represented by the water pressure, and current is
    represented by the water flow. So for this analogy, remember:

    • Water = Charge
    • Pressure = Voltage
    • Flow = Current

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