GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING

JODHPUR

Presentation on: - Computer Assisted Learning

Submitted To Submitted By
Ms. Nisha Kumari Gaje Singh
Associate Professor M.Sc. Nursing (Previous)
GCON Jodhpur Batch 2023
GCON Jodhpur
 COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING
Computer assisted learning (CAL), is not a new phenomenon. This field of education has been growing
since the introduction of computers into the learning environment. As computer has become standard
instructional tools in the primary and secondary school system, they are used extensively in all aspects of
nursing education. Due to the great changes in the primary and secondary school systems, they are used
extensively in all aspects of nursing education. Due to the great changes in the practice and teaching of
nursing, there has been an increase in the possibilities offered by Computer Assisted Learning (CAL),
which may help meet the new challenges to nursing education. Although CAL has been with us for many
years it has had great difficulty competing with more conventional methods of education.
History:
In the 1980s, the first computer assisted learning became available to university students looking for an
alternative to the traditional textbook. There programmed used only digital files transferred onto a
CDROM to give students highly portable and accessible learning materials. The popularization of this
form of learning materials. The popularization of this form of learning and the increased ownership of
personal computers led to the development of widely distributed educational CDROMS. As technology
continued to grow and with the introduction of the internet, information on CAL programmes became
more interactive, reflecting a social need for flexible learning outcomes.
Definition:
Computer Assisted Learning has often been used to describe the development and application of
educational technology for a variety of circumstances of educational technology for variety of
circumstances from the mid 1980s until the early 1990s the term Computer Assisted Learning was often
used to refer to the development of either a single computer Programme or series of programs which
replaced the more traditional methods of instruction, in particular lecture.
“Computer Assisted Learning or Computer Aided Learning is defined as learning through computers with
subject wise learning packages/materials”.
- Mifflin. A
Computer Assisted learning can be defined as learning or teaching subjects like mathematics, since,
geography and etc. through computer with subject wise learning package/materials.
1. It may include all types of technology enhanced learning (TEL), where technology is used to
support the learning process.
2. It is said to be : “ pedagogy empowered by digital technology.”
3. In broader sense, it may be considered as a part of E-learning.
Educational technology:
Electronic technologies that are used for learning and teaching. If teacher do not understand how to
support learning technology use will be ineffective and inefficient.
Goals.
Presents information to be memorized.
Support for student exploration.
A creative and production tool.
A communication tool.
Technology can: help make learning more efficient by controlling large amount of data.
Motivate students.
strengthen teaching.
work quickly and objectively.
Factors contributing to the importance of Computer Assisted Learning:
Tremendous growth in human knowledge and increase in the amount of information to be learned.
Increased understanding of teaching learning process. Increased diversity in the setting where nursing is
practiced.
 Computer knowledge and high-speed connectivity
 Software, web, app access
 Personalizing information
 Animating objects on the screen
 Proving practice activities that incorporate challenges and curiosity
 Need for nurses to have skill that allow them to continue learning throughout their professional
careers.

Types of Computer Assisted Learning :
1. Drill and practice.
2. Tutorial.
3. Simulation
4. Games.
5. Multimedia.
6. Word processing.
7. Programmed instructions.
1. Drill and practice:
Typically, drill and practice activities are supplementary to the normal teaching process. It is good for
fundamental mastery. The Programme requires learning to perform specified tasks and give a feedback
on their performance.
Definition:
Drill and practice software provides exercises in which students work example items one at a time and
receive feedback on their correctness.
Features:
Reinforce instruction by providing the repetition necessary to move acquired skills and concepts into
long-term memory. Capture and retain the attention of students. Save teachers time and efforts.
Personalize instruction by meeting individual differences among learners.
2. Tutorial:
The tutorial program extends drill and practice by proving information or demonstration to learners and
then requiring them to perform some input. It also provides feed-back on the input. Historically the user
will be presented with some information followed by an activity such as questions, with appropriate feed-
back for wrong response. A modern multimedia tutorial attempts to mimic a live lecture that take the user
though a series of objective but allows the user to undertake the operation at their own pace and still
provide the option of interactivity with the teacher. The main difference is the emphasis on thinking and
motivation rather than a simple stimulus response.
Definition:
A tutorial exposes the learner to material that is believed not to have been previously taught or learned. A
tutorial often includes pre-test, post-test and drill and practice activities.
Features:
Guide the learner throughout learning from the beginning (objectives) to the end (evaluation).Encourage
students to interact, control and response to the program.
3. Simulation:
Simulation provides a means for learning about an environment that may not, for reasons of time,
expense or general practically be available to learner to explore. Simulation focuses on exploration and
discovery learning. Simulation encourages learning by decision making. Role –playing simulation may
encourage learner’s interest exposure to the model. The simulation attempts to provide the user with same
type of experience with patients that they would encounter.
Definition:
A simulation is a computerized model of real or imagined system designed to tech how a system works
and allows learners to create their own sequence for using simulation.
Features:
 Involves students into learning process.
 Save money and resources.
 Make experimentation safe.
 Make impossible situations possible and controllable.
 Let student repeat events as many times as they want.
4. Games:
Definition:
Instructional games are designed to motivate learning by adding game rules to learning activities .

Features:
 Make learning fun and motivating.
 Motivate learners via the challenge of competition.
 Engage the learner in a situation where the learner is competing for a high score.
5. Multimedia:
Definition:
Programs that support the interactive use of text, audio, still images, video and graphics and manipulate
term o support learning.
Features:
 Engage a variety of learning modalities.
 Focus practice of skills that support transfer of learning.
6. Word processing:
Definition:
The creation, input, editing, and production of words in documents and texts by means of a computer
system.

Advantages:
 Time saving.
 Better appearance.
 Shared methods.
Features:
 Storing documents for later use.
 Searching and replacing words.
 Checking and correcting spelling.
 Creating tables.
7. Programmed instruction:
Programmed instruction can be described as a different way of presenting materials to be learned.
Programmed instructional materials are constructed in learning sequences. The students actively follow
step by step at his/her own pace of learning. There are two types of programming.
1. Linear programming: In linear programming the students have to participate actively by
making a response. They must fill in the blanks, answer a question, solve a problem, the
Programme checks the response by giving the correct answer.
 2. Intrinsic programming: Intrinsic programming, presents new ideas through a short
discussion of the material to be learned followed by multiple choice questions designed to test
the points just discussed, but very few programmed materials are suitable for nursing courses at
the time.
Use of Computer in Nursing education
Whether used for information gathering or learning, the computer is being used in all facts of nursing
education. There use in basic nursing education, both diploma and graduate level is widely reported. In
addition, their use in continuing education programs and in-service education and research activity.
Benefits of computer Assisted Learning:
Theoretically Computer Assisted Learning might be considered attractive in that it is learner centered,
and may be designed according to good educational strategies, the true effectiveness of CAL has been
questioned, scalability, interactivity, information, autonomic student logging and multimedia content are
important features of Computer assisted learning.
Scalability:
Many aspects of CAL are scalable, particularly when internet derived technologies are utilized to produce
a CAL package. Unlike any educational media a CAL packages is digitally stored thus it may be
reproduced without error as many times as required. By providing access to a CAL package over a
network. Many students may use a single resource. Further if the CAL packages are made accessible via
an internet browser then it becomes potentially available to a very wide audience using a diverse range of
computers.
Interactivity:
“what I hear I forget, what I see I remember, what I do I remember always.” The nature of CAL lends
itself to involving the students with the learning processes with tasks requiring actions and dependent on
the actions the student may receive appropriate feedback leading to further tasks. This goal-action feed-
back cycle may be followed in a simple series of interactive questions, a complex case study or even a
computer simulation of a clinical situation.
Automatic of assessment:
As a student interacts with a CAL exercise it is possible to keep a record of each interaction on an
identifiable log life. This provides a convenient option to check on student performance by checking on
the correctness of response to the CAL exercise. Further by building up a profile of how a number of
users interact with the system it is possible to identify weaknesses in the CAL exercises itself. The
automatic logs can thus help decrease both the burdens on assessing students and validating CAL
exercises.
Multimedia:
The incorporation of multimedia elements such as images, sounds and video clips in CAL packages
provide more than simply added interest. Cognitive psychologist suggests that learning is facilitated if the
student has to undertake active processing of presented information, “mental roughage”. Different
individuals learn better in response to different media, and it has been suggested that learning may be
improved by providing information in more than one form simultaneously such as animation wit sounds.
Example -Movie , Clip or short video, Voice Message or Voice chat .
Distance learning on the internet:
Distance learning has many benefits and CAL delivered over computer networks is an excellent tool for
education. The largest computer network, the internet, provides millions of user’s access to thousands of
sources of information. Internet chat rooms allow a number of users connected to a website to
communicate directly with each other by text and in some chat rooms also with sound. Internet telephony
and full video conferencing is becoming more established. Teaching sociology students over the internet
has even been suggested to be superior to teaching by more conventional means. Example -Mobile
learning ,wireless Technology ,skype, prod casting, wiki ,weblogs, Moodle
Video conferencing:
Perhaps one of the most exciting uses of synchronous communication provide by the use of computers is
the option of video conferencing. Video conferencing systems can broadly be divided into desktop
systems and room systems. A desktop system is useful for a small number of participants of each site sat
at specially configured personal computers each with a simple camera and microphone. Room based
systems are for larger groups using much more sophisticated and expensive equipment. Video
conferencing provides obvious improved communication through people being able to see each other at
remote sites but requires careful planning and training to gain maximum effectiveness. Teleconferencing
is a term that may be used when videoconferencing is a term that may be used when video conferencing
allows people at two or more sites to see live pictures with sound, where as data conferencing allows
people at different sites to view and work on a common document of life.
Web Based Learning:
Goals of web-based learning:
1. Enhancing communication:
Web based education tools provide many ways to increase communication between class
members and faculty. Researchers have found that adding these elements to a course increases
student motivation and participation in class discussion and projects.
2. Students share perspectives:
Online forums, like course talks areas, provide public areas to post information. Each student
can view other student’s answers and learn through the exposure to different perspectives.
3. Students experience a sense of equality:
Another benefit to using web-based communication tools is to give all students a reinforced sense of
equality each individual have the same opportunity to “speak up” by posting messages without typically
distraction such as seating arrangements, volume of student voices and gender biases.
4. Activity learning:
When instructors post discussion questions or short essays assignments in the online portion of a course,
students must attend to and reflect on the subject matter before responding. This results in reflection and
articulation of content, as the very process of reporting and writing about what they have learned engages
student in an activity learning experience. Students can complete assignments during their most
productive times.
5. Physical location is not an issue:
Students can communicate and update each other without the constrains of date, time and place.
Advantages of web-Based learning:
 Access to multiple perspectives bout a particular situation or concept.
 Access to applications or instructional materials about a particular situation or concept.
 Opportunity to engage in an interactive environment.
 Access to and organization of a lot information quickly.
 Opportunity to interact with experts.
 Easy to transfer information and data, any time of the day.
 Promotes self regulation learning, view information at your speed no deadlines.
 Creates a record of information and when it was produced.
 Opportunity to enhance your creatively and perception of ideas.
 Promote non-linear, non-directive, open ended thinking.
 Time to formulate ideas and thinking to improve presentation.
Disadvantages of web-based learning:
 Simulation experience is not as exciting or beneficial for students.
 Information is not necessarily valid or correct.
 Can be distracting because the computer is more inviting than the teacher.
 Content is not always most appropriate for learning.
 Could be misused and not applied in a meaningful way.
 Computer and internet access are sometimes slow.
 Changes the experiences of research if you are not physically going through books.
 Internet does not always have information you are looking for.
 Hard copies are earlier to read.
 Decreases personal communication skills. Promote non-linear, non-directive, open ended
thinking. (Students and teacher can love sense of direction).
Disadvantages of computer assisted learning:
 Need a computer for computer assisted learning.
 Computer based learning lowers the teacher’s role: teacher who has felt secure in their role as
dispensers of information may feel uncomfortable. As they find their role as dispensers of
information may feel uncomfortable as they find their role changing to that of facilitator
moderator and co-ordinates.
 The nurse educator must have knowledge about the use of computer.
 Computer Assisted Learning lack the human and emotional factors which are available in the
normal classroom lessons in which the teacher is present to internet with student.
 With excessive use of CAL, competence of students takes a backseat.
 CAL provides more mental and physical fatigue as compared to other method of instruction.
 As the student cannot interact with computer in the human language, the mechanical responses
by punching the keys can become dull and frustrating.
Summary:
Computer Assisted Learning or Computer Aided Learning is defined as learning through computers with
subject wise learning packages/materials”.
3. Drill and practice.
4. Tutorial.
5. Simulation
6. Games.
7. Multimedia.
8. Word processing.
9. Programmed instructions.
Conclusion:
Computers have become omnipresent and obliquities today and are found in every walk of life including
nursing education.
Bibliography
1. Neeraja KP. Text book of Nursing Education. New Delhi: JAYPEE brothers’ medical
publishers(P) LTD;2003. P.443-448.
2. Kumari.N Text book of Management of Nursing services and Education.3 rd ed. India: PV
publication:2011. P.-349-351
3. R Sudha Text book of Nursing Education New Delhi: JAYPEE brothers’ medical publishers(P)
LTD;2013 P.104-106, 399-401
4. Shabeer P Basheer A concise book of Advance Nursing Practice Emmerss publisher ,2013, P-
779-810.