Report F8a58b30
Report F8a58b30
Report F8a58b30
HAEMATOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential leucocyte counts are
Page 1 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
HAEMATOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of blood.
DHSS : Double Hydrodynamic Sequential System
Comment:
ESR provides an index of progress of the disease and is widely used as an indicator of inflammation, infection, trauma, or
malignant diseases. Changes are more significant than a single abnormal test
It is specifically indicated to monitor the course or response to the treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
tuberculosis bacterial endocarditis ,acute rheumatic fever ,Hodgkins disease,temporal arthritis , and systemic lupus
erythematosis; and to diagnose and monitor giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
An elevated ESR may also be associated with many other conditions, including autoimmune disease, anemia,
infection,malignancy,pregnancy, multiple myeloma, menstruation, and hypothyroidism.
Although a normal ESR cannot be taken to exclude the presence of organic disease, its rate is dependent on various
physiologic and pathologic factors.
The most important component influencing ESR is the composition of plasma. High level of C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen,
haptoglobin, alpha-1antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins causes the elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate.
Drugs that may cause increase ESR levels include: dextran, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, penicillamine, procainamide,
theophylline, and Vitamin A. Drugs that may cause decrease levels include: aspirin, cortisone, and quinine
Page 2 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
HAEMATOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Interpretation: HbA1c%
≤5.6 Normal
5.7-6.4 At Risk For Diabetes
≥6.5 Diabetes
Comments:
A 3 to 6 monthly monitoring is recommended in diabetics. People with diabetes should get the test done more often if their blood
sugar stays too high or if their healthcare provider makes any change in the treatment plan. HbA1c concentration represent the
integrated values for blood glucose over the preceding 8-12 weeks and is not affected by daily glucose fluctuation, exercise &
recent food intake.
Please note, Glycemic goal should be individualized based on duration of diabetes, age/life expectancy, comorbid conditions,
known CVD or advanced microvascular complications, hypoglycemia unawareness, and individual patient considerations.
Factors that interfere with HbA1c Measurement: Hemoglobin variants, elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and chemically modified
derivatives of hemoglobin (e.g. carbamylated Hb in patients with renal failure) can affect the accuracy of HbA1c measurements.
Factors that affect interpretation of HbA1c Measurement: Any condition that shortens erythrocyte survival or decrease mean
erythrocyte age (e. g., recovery from acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia, HbSS, HbCC, and HbSC) will falsely lower HbA1c test
results regardless of the assay method used. Iron deficiency anemia is associated with higher HbA1c.
Note: Presence of Hemoglobin variants and/or conditions that affect red cell turnover must be considered, particularly when the
HbA1c result does not correlate with the patient's blood glucose levels.
Page 3 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Glucose - Fasting
Glucose - Fasting 98 mg/dL 70-99 Hexokinase/ G-6-PDH
Comment:
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) fasting, means a person has an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but does not
have it yet. A level of 126 mg/dL or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means a person has diabetes.
IGT (2 hrs Post meal ), means a person has an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but does not have it yet. A 2-hour
glucose level of 200 mg/dL or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means a person has diabetes
Page 4 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Lipid Profile
Cholesterol - Total 158 mg/dL Age>20 years : Desirable Enzymatic
<200,
Border Line 200 to 239,
High >240,
Triglycerides 124 mg/dL Normal: <150, Glycerol Phosphate
Borderline: 150 - 199, Oxidase
High:200-499,
Very High>=500
Cholesterol - HDL 34 mg/dl 40 - 60 Accelerator Selective
Detergent
Cholesterol - LDL 99 mg/dl Desirable: <100 Calculated
Above desirable: 100 -
129
Borderline high : 130 -
159
High : 160 - 189
Very high : >=190
Cholesterol- VLDL 25 mg/dl 10 - 30 Calculated
Cholesterol : HDL Cholesterol 4.7 Ratio Desirable : 3.0-4.0 Calculated
High risk : >4
LDL : HDL Cholesterol 2.93 Ratio Desirable : 2.0-2.5 Calculated
High risk : >3.0
Non HDL Cholesterol 124 mg/dl Desirable:< 130, Calculated
Above Desirable:130 -
159,
Borderline High:160 -
189,
High:190 - 219,
Very High: >= 220
Comment:
Page 5 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
•Lipid profile measurements in the same patient can show physiological & analytical variations. It is recommended that 3 serial
samples 1 week apart may be tested.
•Indians are at a high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); at a much earlier age and more severe
with high mortality. Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile) is the major risk factor and found in almost 80% Indians.
•Total cholesterol is the total amount of cholesterol in blood comprising of HDL, LDL-C, and VLDL.
•LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) or “bad”cholesterol contributes most significantly to atherosclerosis leading to heart disease or
stroke and is the primary target for reducing risk for cardiovascular disease.
•High-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol can lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
•Triglyceride (TG) level also plays a major role in CVD. Indians are more prone to Atherogenic dyslipidemia, a condition
associated with high TG, low HDL-C and high LDL-C; this is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Hence high triglyceride levels also need to be treated.
•Non-HDL-Cholesterol (Non-HDLC) measures all plaque forming lipoproteins (e.g. remnants, LDL-C, VLDL, Lp(a), Apo-B).
Monitoring of Non-HDLC is important in patients with high TG (e.g. diabetics, obese persons) and those already on statin
therapy.
•Lipid Association of India (LAI-2020) recommends:-
Screening of all Indians above the age of 20 years for CVD risk factors, esp. lipid profile.
Identification of Risk factors: Age (male ≥45 years, female ≥55 years); Family h/o heart disease at younger age (<55 yrs
in males, <65 yrs in female), Smoking/tobacco use, High blood pressure, Low HDL (males <40 mg/dl and females
<50mg/dl).
Fasting lipid profile is not mandatory for screening. Both fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles are equally important for
managing Indian patients.
Non-HDLC should be calculated in every subject. LAI recommends LDL-C as the primary target and Non-HDLC as the co-
primary target for initiating drug therapy.
Lifestyle modifications are of first and foremost importance for management and prevention of dyslipidemia. Among low
risk groups, treatment is started only after 3 months of lifestyle changes.
Testing for Apolipoprotein B, hsCRP, Lp(a ) should be considered for patients in moderate risk group.
Newer treatment goals based on Risk Groups and values of LDL-C and Non-HDLC
•As per NCEP Expert Panel (2011) guidelines, universal screening for dyslipidemia is recommended for children between 9
- 11 yrs (repeat at 17-21 yrs). Screening is not recommended before the age of 2yrs. Above the age of 2 yrs, selective screening
Page 6 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
is done in children with family history of premature CVD or risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
Note: Reference Interval as per National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Report.
Comment:
Raised ALT and AST indicate hepatocellular damage (e.g. viral or drugs etc). ALT is more liver-specific while AST is also
found in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Mild elevation (less than twice normal) often resolves on its own. Fatty liver
disease (especially with metabolic syndrome) is a common cause in asymptomatic cases. Certain drugs (paracetamol,
statins), herbal supplements, energy drinks, and antibiotics may also affect liver function.
SGOT/SGPT Ratio: Typically <1 in healthy individuals (vary between 0.7-1.4; higher in women than men). High SGPT (ratio
<1) seen in acute or chronic hepatitis, autoimmune disorders, medications, toxins while ratio >1 indicates alcoholic
hepatitis, cirrhosis, metastasis or non-hepatic issues (hemolytic diseases, CVS disorders).
Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase and GGT: Suggest cholestatic diseases (e.g. bile duct obstruction, primary biliary
cirrhosis etc.) and can also be due to bone disease, pregnancy, chronic renal failure, malignancy, and congestive heart
failure.
Page 7 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
High Bilirubin: Indicates jaundice due to increased RBC breakdown, liver damage (e.g., infections, toxins), or cholestasis
(e.g., gallstones, tumors).
High Protein Levels: Seen in dehydration (e.g., severe vomiting, diarrhea) or increased production (e.g., inflammation,
hematopoietic neoplasms). Low protein and albumin: Result from impaired synthesis (liver disease), decreased intake,
tissue damage, malabsorption, or increased renal excretion.
Comment:
BUN is directly related to protein intake and nitrogen metabolism and inversely related to the rate of excretion of urea.Blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect the balance between the production and excretion of urea. Increased levels are seen in renal
failure (acute or chronic), urinary tract obstruction, dehydration, shock, burns, CHF, GI bleeding, nephrotoxic drugs. Decreased
levels are seen in hepatic failure, nephrotic syndrome, cachexia (low-protein and high-carbohydrate diets).
Urea is a non-proteinous nitrogen compound formed in the liver from ammonia as an end product of protein metabolism. Urea
diffuses freely into extracellular and intracellular fluid and is ultimately excreted by the kidneys. Increased levels are found in
acute renal failure, chronic glomerulonephritis, congestive heart failure, decreased renal perfusion, diabetes, excessive protein
ingestion, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, hyperalimentation, hypovolemia, ketoacidosis, muscle wasting from starvation,
neoplasms, pyelonephritis, shock, urinary tract obstruction, nephrotoxic drugs. Decreased levels are seen in inadequate dietary
protein, low-protein/high-carbohydrate diet, malabsorption syndromes, pregnancy, severe liver disease, certain drugs.
Creatinine is catabolic product of creatinine phosphate, which is excreted by filtration through the glomerulus and by tubular
secretion. Creatinine clearance is an acceptable clinical measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Increased levels are seen in
acute/chronic renal failure, urinary tract obstruction, hypothyroidism, nephrotoxic drugs, shock, dehydration, congestive heart
failure, diabetes. Decreased levels are found in muscular dystrophy.
BUN/Creatinine ratio (normally 12:1–20:1) is decreased in acute tubular necrosis, advanced liver disease, low protein intake,
and following hemodialysis. BUN/Creatinine ratio is increased in dehydration, GI bleeding, and increased catabolism.
Uric acid levels show diurnal variation. The level is usually higher in the morning and lower in the evening. Increased levels are
seen in starvation, strenuous exercise, malnutrition, or lead poisoning, gout, renal disorders, increased breakdown of body cells
in some cancers (including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) or cancer treatments, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell
anemia, or heart failure, pre-eclampsia, liver disease (cirrhosis), obesity, psoriasis, hypothyroidism, low blood levels of
parathyroid hormone (PTH), certain drugs, foods that are very high in purines - such as organ meats, red meats, some seafood
Page 8 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
BIOCHEMISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
and beer. Decreased levels are seen in liver disease, Wilson's disease, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),
certain drugs.
Calcium
Calcium 8.8 mg/dL 8.4 - 10.2 Arsenazo III
Comment:
Increased in: Hyperparathyroidism primary and secondary, Acute and chronic renal failure, Following renal transplantation,
Osteomalacia with malabsorption, Acute osteoprosis, Malignant tumours (specially of breast, lung and kidney), Drugs: Vit. D and
A intoxication, Diuretics, estrogen, androgen, tamoxifen, lithium
Decreased in: Hypoparathyroidism, Surgical and Idiopathic, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Chronic renal disease with uremia and
phophate retention, Malabsorption of Calcium and Vit.D, obstructive jaundice, Bone Disease ( Osteomalacia and rickets), Drugs:
Cancer chemotherapy drugs, calcitonin, loop-actives diuretics, Hypomagnesemia,Hypoalbuminemia
Page 9 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
Immunology
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a minimum between 6-10 pm
.
The variation is of the order of 50%, hence time of the day has influence on the measured serum TSH concentrations.
TSH is secreted in a dual fashion: Intermittent pulses constitute 60-70% of total amount, background continuous secretion
is 30-40%.These pulses occur regularly every 1-3 hrs.
TSH is a very sensitive and specific parameter for assessing thyroid function and is particularly suitable for early detection
or exclusion of disorders in the central regulating circuit between the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid.
Changes in thyroid status are typically associated with concordant changes in T3, T4 and TSH levels.
For the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, sole dependence on TSH should not be done and assay needs
to be interpreted with the clinical condition & other investigations.
Serum TSH level changes significantly in response to even minor changes in thyroid hormones.
Transient increase in TSH level or an abnormal TSH levels can be seen in various nonthyroidal diseases.
Unexpectedly abnormal or discordant thyroid test values may be seen with some rare, but clinically significant conditions
such as central hypothyroidism, TSH-secreting pituitary tumors, thyroid hormone resistance, or the presence of
heterophilic antibodies (HAMA) or thyroid hormone autoantibodies.
Page 10 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
Immunology
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
TSH T3 T4 Interpretation
High Normal Normal Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Low Normal Normal Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
High High High Secondary Hyperthyroidism
Low High/Normal High/Normal Hyperthyroidism
Non thyroidal illness / Secondary
Low Low Low
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D (25-OH) 21.5 ng/ml Deficiency:< 20, CMIA
Insufficiency:20-29,
Sufficiency:30 - 100,
Toxicity possible:> 100
Comment:
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid prohormone involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and the regulation of calcium
homeostasis.
Two forms of vitamin D are biologically relevant - vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol).
Both vitamins D3 and D2 can be absorbed from food but only an estimated 10-20perc. of vitamin D is supplied through
nutritional intake.
Vitamin D is converted to the active hormone 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D (Calcitriol) through two hydroxylation reactions. The
first hydroxylation converts vitamin D into 25-OH vitamin D and occurs in the liver. The second hydroxylation converts 25-
OH vitamin D into the biologically active 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and occurs in the kidneys as well as in many other cells of
the body.
Most cells express the vitamin D receptor and about 3perc. of the human genome is directly or indirectly regulated by the
vitamin D endocrine system.
The major storage form of vitamin D is 25-OH vitamin D and is present in the blood at up to 1,000 fold higher
concentration compared to the active 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. 25-OH vitamin D has a half-life of 2-3 weeks vs. 4 hours for
1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. Therefore, 25-OH vitamin D is the analyte of choice for determination of the vitamin D status.
Page 11 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
Immunology
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include low sun exposure, inadequate intake, decreased absorption, abnormal
metabolism, vitamin D resistance and and liver or kidney diseases.
Vitamin D deficiency is a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism and diseases resulting in impaired bone metabolism (like
rickets, osteomalacia).
Recently, many chronic diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis and several autoimmune diseases
have been linked to vitamin D deficiency.
The assay measures both D2 (Ergocalciferol) and D3 (Cholecalciferol) metabolites of vitamin D
Page 12 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Note: Pre-test condition to be observed while submitting the sample-first void, mid stream urine, collected in a clean, dry, sterile
container is recommended for routine urine analysis, avoid contamination with any discharge from vaginal, urethra, perineum,
Avoid prolonged transit time & undue exposure to sunlight.
•During interpretation, points to be considered are Negative nitrite test does not exclude the urinary tract infections. Trace
proteinuria can be seen with many physiological conditions like prolonged recumbency, exercise, high protein diet. False positive
reactions for bile pigments, proteins, glucose and nitrites can be caused by peroxidase like activity by disinfectants, therapeutic
dyes, ascorbic acid and certain drugs.• Urine microscopy is done in centrifuged urine specimens
Page 13 of 14
PO No :PO3246331753-439
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE CHECK-UP
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Conditions of Laboratory Testing & Reporting:
Test results released pertain to the sample, as received. Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should
be clinically correlated by the interpreting clinician. Result delays may happen because of unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstances. Test report
may vary depending on the assay method used. Test results may show inter-laboratory variations. Test results are not valid for medico-legal
purposes. Please mail your queries related to test results to Customer Care mall ID [email protected]
Disclaimer: Results relate only to the sample received. Test results marked "BOLD" indicate abnormal results i.e. higher or lower than normal. All
lab test results are subject to clinical interpretation by a qualified medical professional. This report cannot be used for any medico-legal purposes.
Partial reproduction of the test results is not permitted. Also, TATA 1mg Labs is not responsible for any misinterpretation or misuse of the
information. The test reports alone may not be conclusive of the disease/condition, hence clinical correlation is necessary. Reports should be
vetted by a qualified doctor only.
Page 14 of 14
Ensuring accuracy IN every single report
Following a 3-step review process: