Animal Kingdom Fact Sheet

FACT SHEET: ANIMAL KINGDOM
Porifera
1) Habitat: Mostly Marine, Few (out of 5000, about 150) are Fresh Water (Spongilla)
2) Grade of Organisation: Cellular
3) Symmetry: Mostly asymmetrical
4) Defining feature:
a. Choanocytes
b. Collared flagellated cells lining inner wall and canal
5) Canal system
a. Ostia – Canal – spongocoel – osculum
b. Water: Food/gas exchange/excretion
c. Digestion is intracellular
6) Skeleton: Spicules/spongin fibres
7) Reproduction
a. Asexual: Fragmentation/Gemmule formation
b. Sexual:
i. Hermaphrodites
ii. Internal fertilization
iii. Indirect development
Coelentrata (Cnidaria)
1) Habitat: Mostly Marine, Few are Fresh Water (Hydra), sessile or free swimming
(a) present on body and tentacles.
(b) Functions- - Anchorage, Defense | Capture of prey
2) Digestive System:
a. Incomplete
b. Mouth on hypostome leading to body cavity Gastrovascular cavity
c. Intra & extracellular digestion
3) Respiration happens through body wall, circulatory fluids is water & excretion happens
through body surface
4) Nervous system: Neurons appear [nerve net in Hydra]
5) Skeleton: Coral forms having skeleton of CaCO3
6) Reproduction
a. Asexual: Budding
b. Sexual:
i. Hermaphrodites
ii. External fertilization
iii. Direct/Indirect development
Ctenophora (Sea walnuts or comb jellies)

1. Habitat: Exclusively marine
2. Level of organization: Tissue, diploblastic
3. Body symmetry: Radial
4. Body plan: 8 external rows of comb plates for locomotion, hence, called comb jellies
5. Digestive system/ Digestion: Extracellular and intracellular digestion

6. Respiratory structure: Body wall
7. Excretory system/ Surface: body surface
8. Reproduction: Sexual
a. Hermaphrodites
b. External fertilization
c. Direct development
9. Exhibit Bioluminescence i.e., property to emit light as in Beroe shown below:
Platyhelminthes: (Flatworms)
1. Habitat: Free living or parasitic [mostly endoparasites]
2. Level of organization: Organ
3. Body plan
(a) Bilateral symmetry
(b) Triploblastic
(c) Dorsoventrally flattened [hence, flatworms]
(d) Acoelomate
4. Digestive System:
a. Incomplete with single opening
b. Extracellular digestion
c. Some forms absorb food directly from body surface
5. Respiratory structure: Free living-body surface
6. Excretory system: Flame cells (Protonephridia) for excretion and osmoregulation
7. Reproduction
a. Asexual: High regeneration-Planaria capacity
b. Sexual:
i. Hermaphrodites
ii. Fertilization: internal
iii. Development: Indirect through many larval stages
8. Hooks and suckers present in parasitic forms
Aschelminthes (Round worms)

1. Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, parasitic in plants and animals
2. Level of organization: Organ system
3. Body plan:
(a) Bilateral symmetry, circular in cross section [hence, round worms]
(b) Triploblastic
(c) Pseudocoelomates
4. Digestive system/Digestion:
a. Complete alimentary canal with muscular pharynx
b. Extracellular digestion
5. Respiratory structure: Free living - body surface
6. Excretory system: Excretory tube opens out through excretory pore
7. Reproduction: Sexual
a. Distinctly dioecious
(i) Females are longer than male.
(ii) Posterior end is curved in males.
b. internal fertilization
c. Indirect/Direct development (Young one resembles adults)
Annelida (Segmented worms)

1. Habitat: Aquatic and Terrestrial
2. Level of organization: Organ system
3. Body plan
(b) Triploblastic
(c) True coelom
(d) Metamerism: having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in
structure, though not all such structures are entirely alike
4. Locomotory structure:
a. Longitudinal and circular muscles
b. Parapodia/lateral appendages in some
5. Respiratory system/surface: Body surface
6. Circulatory system: Closed
7. Excretory system: Nephridia
8. Nervous system: Paired ganglia with double ventral nerve cord
9. Sense organs: Eyes, Tentacles
10. Mono/Dioecious:
a. Monoecious - Earthworm, Leech
b. Dioecious - Nereis (aquatic form)
11. Fertilization: External/internal
12. Development: Direct/indirect
Arthropoda (Jointed appendages) Largest Phylum

2. Level of organization: organ system
3. Body plan
(b) Triploblastic
(c) True coelom
(d) Segmented [Head, thorax, abdomen in Insects]
(e) Chitinous exoskeleton
(f) Jointed appendages
4. Locomotory structure: Jointed appendages

5. Exoskeleton: Chitinous/Cuticle
6. Respiratory system/surface: Gills, book gills, tracheal system, book lungs
7. Circulatory system: Open
8. Excretory system: Malpighian tubules
9. Nervous system: Paired ganglia with double ventral nerve cord
10. Sense organs:
a. Eyes (simple, compound)
b. Antennae
c. Statocyst (balancing)
11. Mono/Dioecious: Mostly dioecious
12. Fertilization: Usually intemal
13. Development: Direct/indirect
Mollusca/Soft bodied Second Largest Phylum

3. Body plan
(b) Triploblastic
(c) True coelom
(d) Non segmented
(e) Parts - Head, muscular foot and a visceral hup
(f) Soft and spongy layer of skin forms a mantle over the visceral hump. Space between
hump and mantle is mantle cavity.
4. Habitat Body divisions/appearance: Head, muscular foot, visceral hump

5. Locomotory structure: Muscular foot
6. Exoskeleton: Calcareous shells
7. Digestive system: Mouth with file like rasping organ, radula for feeding
8. Respiratory system/surface: Feather like gills in mantle cavity
10. Excretory system: Gills
11. Sense organs: Tentacles
12. Mono/Dioecious: Usually dioecious
13. Fertilization: External
14. Development: Indirect
Echinodermata (Spiny skinned)

3. Body plan
(g) Radial symmetry as adults; larvae show bilateral symmetry
(h) Triploblastic
(i) True coelom
(j) Non segmented
(k) Pentaradial organization
4. Defining feature: Water vascular system
(a) Locomotion
(b) Capture and transport of food
(c) Respiration
5. Endoskeleton: Delicate epidermis that stretches over calcium carbonate plates called ossicles.
Plants have spines [hence. spiny skinned]
6. Digestive system:
a. Mouth-lower side/ventral
b. Anus-upper side/dorsal
7. Respiratory system/surface: Water vascular system
9. Excretory system: Absent
10. Mono/Dioecious: Dioecious
11. Fertilization: Usually external
12. Development: Indirect with free swimming larva
Hemichordata
2. Body divisions/appearance: Tripartite - Proboscis, collar, trunk (worm like)
3. Important feature:
(a) Stomochord - a flexible, hollow tube arising as an outpocketing from the roof of the
embryonic gut.
(b) Stomochords were initially considered a variant of a primitive notochord, a defining
feature of chordates. But the two structures have no similarity. Therefore, they are
placed separately from chordates under non-chordates.
4. Respiratory system/surface: Gills
6. Excretory system: Proboscis gland
7. Mono/Dioecious: Dioecious
8. Fertilization: External
9. Development: Indirect

Animal Kingdom Fact Sheet

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FACT SHEET: ANIMAL KINGDOM

Ctenophora (Sea walnuts or comb jellies)

5. Digestive system/ Digestion: Extracellular and intracellular digestion

9. Exhibit Bioluminescence i.e., property to emit light as in Beroe shown below:

8. Hooks and suckers present in parasitic forms

Aschelminthes (Round worms)

Annelida (Segmented worms)

Arthropoda (Jointed appendages) Largest Phylum

4. Locomotory structure: Jointed appendages

Mollusca/Soft bodied Second Largest Phylum

4. Habitat Body divisions/appearance: Head, muscular foot, visceral hump

Echinodermata (Spiny skinned)

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