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    The Elements of Geography

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    bardiavivaan
    elements of geography

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    The Elements of Geography

    Uploaded by

    bardiavivaan
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    elements of geography

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    elements of geography

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    3 views3 pages

    The Elements of Geography

    Uploaded by

    bardiavivaan
    elements of geography

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY

    Point
    A point has position and its location can be ascertained. If has no length, breadth or thickness. A dot
    made with a sharp pencil may be taken as roughly representing a point.
    Some examples: The corners of a square, the tip of an ice cone etc, are examples of a point.

    LINE:
    Line is a collection of points. A line has only length and no width or thickness.
    A line has no end points. A line extends infinitely in both directions.
     There are unlimited number of points on a line
     There are unlimited number of lines through a point
     Two lines can intersect in only one point.
     Exactly one line passes through two points
    LINE SEGMENT:
    A portion of a line that has two fixed end points. The line segment is the shortest distance connecting
    two points.
    RAYS:
    A line that extends in only one direction is called a ray. It has a starting point but no ending point

    ANGLE:
    An angle is made up of two rays that have the same end point. The end point at which the two rays
    meet is called the vertex of the angle. Each of the rays that form the angle are called the arms of the
    angle. An angle may be named in (1) with three capital letters (2) with one capital letters.

    PLANE:
    A plane can be thought of as a flat surface. A plane extends without limit in all
    directions.
    Eg. Desktop, floor of your class etc.

    PARALLEL LINES:
    Lines that do not meet are parallel lines. They maintain same perpendicular distance
    between them always.
    PERPENDICULAR LINES:

    Perpendicular lines are denoted by the symbol ⊥.


    when two lines intersect each other at an angle of 90°, they are known as perpendicular lines.

    TRIANGLE:
    A triangle is a simple closed figure made up of three line segments. A triangle has six parts or
    elements. - 3 angles and 3 sides
    SIDES:
    The line segments that form the polygon are called the sides.
    VERTICES:
    The points of intersection of two adjacent sides of a polygon is called a vertex.
    QUADRILATERAL :
    The closed polygon made up of 4 line segments is a quadrilateral.

    CIRCLE:
    A circle is a simple closed curve all of whose points are at the same distance from a given
    point in the same plane. The given point is called the centre of the circle.
    RADIUS:
    A line segment joining the centre of a circle to any point on the circle is called a radius of the
    circle.
    DIAMETER:
    A chord that passes through the centre of a circle is called a diameter of the circle
    The diameter is twice the radius.
    Diameter = 2 X Radius
    CIRCUMFERENCE:
    The distance around or the boundary of a circle is called the circumference.
    ARC:
    A part (continuous) of a circle is called an arc.
    SEMICIRCLE:
    A diameter divides a circle into two equal parts called semicircle.
    SEGMENT:
    A chord divides a circle into two segments. The smaller part is called a minor segment and
    the larger part is called the major segment.
    SECTOR:
    The part of a circle enclosed by any two radii of the circle is called a sector of the circle.
    QUADRANT:
    If in a sector, the two radii are at right angles to each other, the sector is called a quadrant.
    CONCENTRIC CIRCLES:
    Two or more circles drawn with the same centre but with different radii are called concentric

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