Biomolecules Unit Test

1. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
2. a. Sucrose
3. b. Glucose
4. c. Starch
5. d. Cellulose
6. What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?
7. a. Energy storage
8. b. Enzyme catalysis
9. c. Structural support
10. d. Oxygen transport
11. Which amino acid is exclusively ketogenic?
12. a. Valine
13. b. Leucine
14. c. Lysine
15. d. Glycine
16. What is the major structural difference between RNA and DNA?
17. a. Type of sugar present
18. b. Number of strands
19. c. Presence of uracil
20. d. Type of bases
21. In a nucleotide, which component forms the backbone of the molecule?
22. a. Base
23. b. Sugar
24. c. Phosphate
25. d. Ribose
26. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose? a.
Amylase b. Lipase c. Protease d. Nuclease
27. What is the function of chaperone proteins? a. Energy storage b. DNA
replication c. Facilitating protein folding d. Catalyzing chemical reactions
28. Which of the following is an example of a quaternary protein structure? a.
Hemoglobin b. Insulin c. Collagen d. Myoglobin
29. What is the role of ATP in cellular processes? a. Energy storage b. Energy
transfer c. Information storage d. Structural support
30. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? a. Glucose b.
Fructose c. Lactose d. Maltose
31. What is the primary structure of a protein? a. Alpha helix and beta sheet
arrangement b. Specific sequence of amino acids c. Three-dimensional folding d.
Multiple polypeptide chains
32. Which vitamin is water-soluble and essential for collagen synthesis? a.
Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E
33. What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication? a. Unwinds the DNA
helix b. Synthesizes RNA primers c. Connects Okazaki fragments d. Proofreads
newly synthesized DNA
34. In gel electrophoresis, which molecules move the fastest through the gel? a.
Large DNA fragments b. Small DNA fragments c. RNA molecules d. Proteins
35. Which of the following is an example of a reducing sugar? a. Glucose b.
Sucrose c. Lactose d. Maltose
36. What is the primary function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication? a.
Unwinds the DNA helix b. Synthesizes RNA primers c. Synthesizes new DNA
strands d. Connects Okazaki fragments
37. Which of the following is an example of a secondary structure of a protein?
a. Alpha helix b. Beta sheet c. Tertiary structure d. Quaternary structure
38. What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? a. Synthesizes
DNA from RNA b. Synthesizes RNA from DNA c. Replicates DNA d. Hydrolyzes
RNA
39. Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP? a. ATP synthase b.
Adenylate cyclase c. ATPase d. Kinase
40. In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with which base? a. Thymine b. Guanine
c. Cytosine d. Uracil
41. What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis? a. Carries amino
acids to the ribosome b. Transcribes DNA to RNA c. Forms peptide bonds d.
Unwinds DNA helix
42. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enzymes? a. Increase
activation energy b. Decrease reaction rate c. Specificity for substrates d.
Consumed in the reaction
43. What is the role of helicase in DNA replication? a. Synthesizes RNA primers b.
Unwinds the DNA helix c. Connects Okazaki fragments d. Proofreads newly
synthesized DNA
44. Which of the following is a pentose sugar in RNA? a. Ribose b. Deoxyribose c.
Glucose d. Fructose
45. In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription occur? a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm
c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Mitochondria
46. What is the function of restriction enzymes in molecular biology? a.
Synthesize DNA b. Cut DNA at specific sequences c. Join DNA fragments d.
Replicate RNA
47. Which of the following is a function of microtubules in cells? a. Energy
storage b. Intracellular transport c. DNA replication d. Protein synthesis
48. What is the structural unit of nucleic acids? a. Amino acid b. Nucleotide c.
Monosaccharide d. Fatty acid
49. Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Protein synthesis b. Lipid synthesis c. Ribosome assembly d. ATP production
50. In glycolysis, glucose is converted into which compound? a. Pyruvate b.
Acetyl-CoA c. Lactic acid d. Ethanol
Scenario-Based Questions:
31. Scenario: A researcher is studying the effects of temperature on enzyme

activity. What would be the expected outcome if the temperature exceeds
the enzyme's optimal range? a. Increased enzyme activity b. No effect on
enzyme activity c. Denaturation of the enzyme d. Inhibition of substrate binding
32. Scenario: During an experiment, a scientist observes the formation of a
double helix structure. Which class of biomolecules is likely involved in this
structure? a. Proteins b. Nucleic acids c. Lipids d. Carbohydrates
33. Scenario: A student is conducting an experiment to determine the effects of
pH on enzyme activity. What would be the expected result if the pH is too
acidic? a. Increased enzyme activity b. Optimal enzyme activity c. Denaturation of
the enzyme d. No effect on enzyme activity
34. Scenario: A mutation occurs in a gene, resulting in the substitution of one
amino acid in the corresponding protein. What level of protein structure is
most likely affected? a. Primary structure b. Secondary structure c. Tertiary
structure d. Quaternary structure
35. Scenario: In a laboratory setting, a scientist is using gel electrophoresis to
separate DNA fragments. What factor primarily determines the migration of
DNA fragments through the gel? a. Size of the DNA fragments b. Shape of the
DNA fragments c. Charge of the DNA fragments d. Sequence of the DNA
fragments
36. Scenario: A researcher is studying a rare genetic disorder caused by the
absence of a specific enzyme. Which biomolecule is likely associated with
this disorder? a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Lipids d. Nucleic acids
37. Scenario: A student is conducting an experiment to investigate the role of
enzymes in the digestion of food. What would be the expected outcome if
the enzyme is denatured before the experiment? a. Increased digestion
efficiency b. No effect on digestion c. Inhibition of digestion d. Faster reaction
rates
38. Scenario: A scientist is studying a new drug that inhibits the synthesis of
nucleotides. Which cellular process would be directly affected by this drug?
a. DNA replication b. Protein synthesis c. Glycolysis d. Cellular respiration
39. Scenario: During a protein purification experiment, a researcher observes
two distinct bands on a gel. What can be inferred about the protein being
studied? a. It has a single polypeptide chain b. It has multiple polypeptide chains
c. It is a membrane protein d. It is a globular protein
40. Scenario: A student is conducting an experiment to determine the effect of
substrate concentration on enzyme activity. What would be the expected
result if the substrate concentration is below the enzyme's saturation point?
a. Maximum enzyme activity b. Optimal enzyme activity c. Decreased enzyme
activity d. No effect on enzyme activity

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1. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

31. Scenario: A researcher is studying the effects of temperature on enzyme

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