Canal Hydraulic Design

Trial Design Final Design

Existing Ground Level

Design Canal Level

Manning`s Roughness
Required Discharge

Total Surface Length

Regime Scour Depth

Designed Discharge

Side (Slant) Length

Discharge Intensity
Hydraulic Radius

Lacey's normal
Depth of Water

Bed Width (B)

Bed Width (B)

Velocity Head
canal c/s Area
Bed Slope (s)

No. of Barrel

Total Energy
Total Height
Flow Height
Chainage

Free Board
Coeff. (n)

Perimeter

CHECK
Velocity
1V:mH
(Q)

Berm
Drop

(A)

(H)
(R)

(E)
dQ
(P)
(h)

(v)

(q)
m m3/s m/m 1 in m/m No. m m m n m2 m m m/s m3/s m3/s m m m m m m m m m m
Trapezoidal Section
0+000 2.980 98.494 98.512 - (0.018) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
0+450 2.980 98.260 98.362 - (0.102) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0+461 2.980 98.257 98.358 VRB (0.101) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
0+635 2.980 97.877 98.300 - (0.423) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0+650 2.980 97.733 98.295 - (0.562) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
0+676 2.980 98.012 98.287 VRB (0.275) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0+720 2.980 97.951 98.272 Mfd 3 bed 98.587 (0.321) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
0+720 2.980 97.951 98.272 Mfd 4 bed 98.519 (0.321) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0+835 2.980 98.858 98.234 Mfd 5 Bed 98.858 0.624 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
1+228 2.980 97.929 98.050 Mfd 6 98.516 (0.121) 0.000333 3,000 0.700 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
1+321 2.980 97.368 97.319 - 0.049 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
1+334 2.980 97.409 97.314 - 0.095 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
Mfd 8 Bed 97.384 0.900
Mfd 8 Bed 97.446 0.900
1+764 2.980 97.367 97.171 - 0.196 0.000333 3,000 0.850 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.029 0.929 0.851 1.655
1+786 2.980 96.504 96.314 VRB/drop 0.190 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
2+312 2.980 96.090 96.103 - (0.013) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
0.029 0.929 0.851 1.655
2+323 2.980 95.996 96.099 - (0.103) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK

1.15
0.90
3.50

0.25

2.07
0.30

8.25
2+613 2.980 96.020 95.983 - 0.037 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
0.029 0.929 0.851 1.655
2+830 2.980 95.857 95.896 VRB (0.039) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
3+287 2.980 95.704 95.713 - (0.009) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
0.029 0.929 0.851 1.655
3+292 2.980 95.443 95.711 - (0.268) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
3+500 2.980 95.442 95.628 VRB (0.186) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
0.029 0.929 0.851 1.655
3+600 2.980 95.278 95.588 Mfd 11 Bed 95.882 (0.310) 0.000400 2,500 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
3+705 2.980 94.737 95.196 Mfd 12 Bed 96.171 (0.459) 0.000400 2,500 0.350 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.748 3.266 (0.286) OK
Drop Top 95.781 0.040 0.940 0.851 1.655
4+250 2.980 94.642 94.628 0.014 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
U/S Bed 94.897
4+450 2.980 94.517 94.517 VRB - 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
0.040 0.940 0.851 1.655
4+650 2.980 94.405 94.426 - (0.021) 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
4+800 2.980 94.690 94.342 - 0.348 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
0.040 0.940 0.851 1.655
4+900 2.980 94.325 94.287 - 0.038 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
5+000 2.980 94.441 94.231 - 0.210 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
0.040 0.940 0.851 1.655
5+081 2.980 94.286 94.186 Mfd 13 Bed 94.495 0.100 0.000556 1,800 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.882 3.849 (0.869) OK
5+200 2.980 94.120 94.120 - - 0.000333 3,000 0.400 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
5+350 2.980 93.608 93.687 - (0.079) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
5+450 2.980 93.573 93.654 Mfd 14 Bed 93.972 (0.081) 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
0.024 0.924 0.851 1.655
5+750 2.980 93.554 93.554 - - 0.000333 3,000 3.500 0.900 1.5 0.020 4.365 6.745 0.647 0.683 2.981 (0.001) OK
From Table 4.6, pg. 122
0.050
Average grain size for Sand (dm)
Silt factor f 1.76*√dm 1.76*√dm 0.394

1.35(q /f)
2 1/3

Lacey's normal Regime Scour Depth (m)

Scour Depth
(D)

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75
 Some values for design

Unit weight water γw = 9.81 KN/m3 1.00 t/m3

soil
dry earth γd = 16.00 KN/m3 1.60 t/m3
saturated earth γsat = 20.00 KN/m3 2.00 t/m3
submerged earth γsub = 10.00 KN/m3 1.00 t/m3
concrete γc = 25.00 KN/m3 2.50 t/m3

Coeff. of friction between the soil and concrete μ= 0.55

Angle of internal friction of soil φ= 30 deg
specific gravity of the soil particles 2.65 to 2.85
containing organic matter and porous particles <2 Adopt 2.24
having heavy substances >3

Stress in concrete and steel

Permissible Stress
Compressive Stress in compression in Bond (Average)
Grade of Concrete

characteristic at
28 days (Fck)
mix ratio

HYSD Bars
Permissible

Permissible

Plain Bars
(Bending)
Specified

(Direct)

σcc σcc σcbc

(N/mm )
2
(N/mm ) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
2

M10 (1:3:6) 10.0 3.00

M15 (1:2:4) 15.0 5.00 4.00 0.96 0.96
M20 (1:1.5:3) 20.0 7.00 5.00 1.28 1.28
M25 (1:1:2) 25.0 8.50 6.00 1.44 1.44
M30 30.0 10.00 8.00 1.60 1.60
M35 35.0 11.50 9.00 1.76 1.76

Design Shear strength of concrete 100 τc (N/mm2)

Ast/bd M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.5 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.51
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6
1 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.5 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84
2 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92
Maximum Shear Stress or shear capacity of concrete τcm2.5 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
(N/mm2) 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4

Permissible tensile stress in steel fy σst= k=

HYSD bar Fe 415 415 230 N/mm2 for σst= 415 0.138
mild steel Fe 250 250
(<25 mm Ø) 140 N/mm2 for σst= 250 0.148
(>25 mm Ø) 130 N/mm2
Design Constraints Balanced
for sections
depth of
modular
ratio Neutral axis Lever arm K or R
Concrete
Grade of

(m) HYSD mild HYSD mild HYSD mild

280/3σcb K or N=1/(1+σst/(mσcb)) j = 1-N/3 (σcb*N*j)/2
m m m m (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
M15 19.00 0.248 0.404 0.917 0.865 0.455 0.874
M20 13.00 0.220 0.317 0.927 0.894 0.510 0.992
M25 11.00 0.223 0.282 0.926 0.906 0.619 1.086
M30 9.00 0.238 0.243 0.921 0.919 0.877 1.117
M35 8.00 0.238 0.222 0.921 0.926 0.986 1.182

Concrete Cover
General 30
Beam Design

PDSP D2,V2,
running surface of road slab 40
in contact with water or soil 50

pg. 107
liable to damage 70
1. shall not be less than Dia of Bar

Concrete Concretet exposed to condensation and rain IS456:2000 pg.18, Table 3

Condition Moderate Concrete in contact with non aggressive soil
Exposure Nominal Cover RCC Designs
mild 20 (B.C.Punmia,et.al.
Moderate 30 ) table 7.2, pg
Severe 45 165

https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-cover-for-reinforcement/6014/
a At each end of reinforcing bar not less that 25 mm or twice the diameter of bar
case of columns of minimum dimension of
c 20 cm or under, whose reinforcing bars do 25 mm
no not exceed 12 mm
tensile, compressive shear or other
e not less than 15 mm or diameter of bar
reinforcements in a slab or wall
any other reinforcement not less than 15
f not less than the diameter of bar
mm
i liquid retaining structures 40mm or the diameter of the main bar

Minimum reinceforcement
one way slab 0.15% of total x/s area of steel or of total x/s area of concrete
two way slab 0.12% of total x/s area of steel or of total x/s area of concrete

Max. dia of reinforcement

1/8 of total depth of slab
Max. dist between bars
main reinforcing bars : lesser of (i) three times the effective depth or (ii) 300 mm
secondary/distribution bars lesser of (i) five times the effective depth or (ii) 450 mm

Lap Length for Tension Compression

Grade of Concrete M15 M20 M25 M15 M20 M25
Mild Steel (Fe 250) 55Ø 46Ø 39Ø 45Ø 37Ø 32Ø
Tor Steel (Fe 415) 57Ø 47Ø 41Ø 47Ø 38Ø 33Ø
Tor Steel (Fe 500) 68Ø 57Ø 49Ø 57Ø 46Ø 39Ø
anchorage length > 5Ø
Allowable Bearing pressure or Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil
Soil type (kPa) (KN/m2)

PDSP D2, Vol 2, Table

Soft clays and silts < 80
Firm clays and firm sandy clays 100

15.3, pg 95
Stiff clays and stiff sandy clays 200
Very stiff boulder clays 350
Loose well graded sands and gravel/ sand mixtures 100
Compact well graded sands and gravel/ sand mixtures 200
Loose uniform sand <100
Compact uniform sand 150

Types of Soil (kPa) (KN/m2)

Soft, wet clay or muddy clay 50
Soft clay 100

https://theconstructor.org/question/bearing-
Fine, loose and dry sand 100
Black cotton soil 150
Moist clay and sand clay Mixture 150
Loose gravel 250

capacity-values-soil-types/
Medium clay 250
Medium, compact and dry sand 250
Compact clay 450
Compact sand 450
Compact gravel 450
Soft rocks 450
Laminated rock such as sand stone & Lime stone 1650
Hard rocks such as granite, diorite, trap 3300
canal box culvert (monolythic reinforced concrete)
DESIGN DATA
Drain
Design Discharge 1.500 cumecs
Barrel Section Adopted
No. of barrel 1.000 no
no. of divider - no
Width of divider - m Increase wall width
height of water 1.000 m
Height of the barrel section 1.550 m
Width of the single barrel opening 1.500 m
Thickness of a side wall 0.250 m SAFE
Thickness of a top slab 0.250 m SAFE

2.10
###
Thickness of a bottom slab 0.300 m SAFE
Nominal cover top / bottom 0.050 m 0.0 0.25 1.50 1.5 0.25 0.0
Nominal cover side 0.050 m
1.63 1.63
C Live Load Assumed Maximum Load of Vehicle 2.00
Vehicle Classification 16 MT truck 160.000 KN 2
Load Distribution on each axis
Axis 1 2 MT 20.000 KN
Axis 2 6 MT 60.000 KN
Axis 3 4 MT 40.000 KN
Axis 4 4 MT 40.000 KN
Assumed, Axial Distance between Axial 2 and 3 1.200 m
Case 1: Axial distance > width of culvert, 1.000 no.
One tyres fit on the slab
Case 2: Axial distance < width of culvert, 2.000 no. 1.20 < 1.63
twoanalysis
for tyres fit of
onCase
the slab
2, either two point loads can be asumed or they can be added together as one point
load.
Here, for simplicity, one combined point load is considered.
here, Case 2 thus, Live Load on slab = 100.000 KN
Max. load on tyre/s (one side) 50.000 KN
Impact Factor for RCC Bridge I=4.5/(6+L) 0.581
Load 79.030 KN Point Load
39.520 KN/m UDL

(D) Reinforcement Used

SN Description Bar Type
Top Reinforcement Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c
Main
1 Bottom slab Corner Bent up (2 layer)
nd
Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c
Distribution Ф = 8 mm @ 300 mm c/c
Side vertical wall - Main Outer Side Ф = 16 mm @300 mm c/c
2
Earth face (Outer Side) Distribution Ф = 8 mm @300 mm c/c
Side Vertical Wall Main Inner Side Ф = 16 mm @300 mm c/c
3
Water Face (Inner Side) Distribution Ф = 8 mm @300 mm c/c
Bottom Reinforcement Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
Main
4 Top slab Corner Bent up (2nd layer) Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
Distribution Ф = 8 mm @ 350 mm c/c

M Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
M Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
D Ф = 8 mm @ 350 mm c/c

M Ф = 16 mm @300 mm c/c
M Ф = 16 mm @300 mm c/c
D Ф = 8 mm @300 mm c/c

D Ф = 8 mm @ 300 mm c/c
M Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c
M Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c

Final Figure (all units are in mm)

 Structural Design of Single Box Culvert
DESIGN DATA
(A) General
Unit weight of concrete γcon 25.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of dry earth γd 16.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of saurated earth Ysat 20.000 KN/m3
Bearing Capacity of soil (Moist clay and sand clay Mixture) ρsoil 150.000 KN/m2
Angle of Internal Friction ø 30.000 degree 0.524 rad
Ka = 1-sinφ/1+sinφ 0.333
Weight of water γwater 9.807 KN/m3
Cusion height hcushion - m
Acceration due to gravity g 9.810 m/sec2
(B) Structural
Concrete Used M20
Permissible compression stress in concrete (in bending) σcbc 5.000 N/mm2
Permissible Direct tension in concrete σcc 7.000 N/mm2
Permissible stress in Shear σss N/mm2
Modular Ratio, m 280/ (3*σcbc) 13.000
Reinforcement Steel used HYSD Bars Fe 415
415.000 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel (in Tension) σst 230.000 N/mm2
Design Data Constants K or N=1/(1+σst/(mσcb)) 0.220
j = 1-N/3 0.927
R= 1/2*σcbc*K*J 0.510

Nominal cover top / bottom covslab 0.050 m 50.000 mm

side covwall 0.050 m 50.000 mm

1.0 Design Features

For design,unit length considered L= 1.00 m 1,000 mm

Load Calculations
Top Slab
A Dead Load A 39.52 KN/m2 B
a Cushion Load - KN/m 2

b Other Dead Load - KN/m2

DL= a+b 2.00 m
B Live Load LL 39.520 KN/m2 UDL IRC Class A Loading
C Self Weight of Slab ycon*tslab*Wslab*1m 12.500 KN PL

Side Wall Lateral Pressure

A Dead Load
c Lateral Pressure Due to Earth on outer walls Ysat*Ka*h 6.66h UVL
At A h= 0 - KN/m2
At D h= 2.10 13.990 KN/m2
d Lateral Pressure Due to water on all walls Yw*hw 9.807h UVL
At A h= 0 - KN/m2
At D h= 1.00 9.81 KN/m2
Note: For design in maximum loading condition,
1. outer wall: water pressure is neglected,
2. dividers (piers, inner walls): water pressure canels each other. But in extereme cases, if one is blocked (cannot be neglected)

B Live Load Ka* LL 13.16 UDL

C Self Weight of Wall ycon*hwall*Wwall*1m
side walls 2 nos. 19.38 KN
divider 0 nos. - KN
Total 19.38 KN PL

Resultant Pressure Diagram 13.16

A B
2.10

1.000

D C
13.99 13.16 0.000 13.99 13.16 9.81
27.15
Bottom Slab
A Dead Load
c weight os super structure (PL) KN (UDL) KN/m²
Top Slab 12.50 6.25
Walls 19.38 9.69

B Live Load
Note: It is assumed that load is dispersed vertically at bottom slab
Live Load 39.52 KN/m2 2.00
Note: total downward load balanced by upthrust pressure of earth. Thus all loads are converted into upward UDL. A 55.46 KN/m2 B
Total Load (UDL) on the bottom Slab 55.46 KN/m2

C Self Weight of Slab ycon*tslab*Wslab*1m 15.00 KN

 2.0 Load Calculations Summary
Dead Load Live Load
Cushion Super Total Weight Self Weight
(earth) Dead (Other) Earth Pressure Water Pressure Structure Vehicle on structures Type
UDL UDL UVL UVL UDL UDL PL UDL
SN Member KN/m² KN/m² KN/m² KN/m² KN/m² KN/m² KN/m² KN KN/m²
1.0 Top Slab - - 39.52 39.52 UDL 12.50 6.25
- - 13.16 13.16 UDL (outer) 19.38 9.69
2.0 Side Wall 13.99 - 13.99 UVL (outer)
9.81 9.81 UVL (divider)
3.0 Bottom Slab - - - - 15.94 39.52 55.46 15.00 7.5

3.0 Moment Calulations of a box Note: Assuming clockwise moment as positive

centerline of a box
Top Slab
Moments Loading Type Load Length Formula Values Unit
Total fixed end moment UDL 39.52 1.750 wl²/12 10.086 KN-m
Total Mid Span Moment UDL 39.52 1.750 wl²/8 15.129 KN-m

Side Wall
Moments Loading Type Load (w) Length (l) Formula Values Unit
UDL 13.16 1.825 wl²/12 3.653
FEM at Top UVL 13.99 1.825 wl2/30 1.553
Total 5.206 KN-m
UDL 13.16 1.825 wl²/8 5.479
Mid span moment due to dead load UVL 13.99 1.825 wl2/16 2.912
Total 8.391 KN-m
UDL 13.16 1.825 wl²/12 3.653
FEM at Bottom UVL 13.99 1.825 wl2/20 2.330
Total 5.983 KN-m

Bottom Slab
Moments Loading Type Load (w) Length (l) Formula Values Unit
Total fixed end moment UDL 55.46 1.750 wl²/12 14.154 KN-m
Total Mid Span Moment UDL 55.46 1.750 wl2/8 21.231 KN-m

4.0 Distribution Factor

Joint Members K = 4EI/L ∑K D.F = K/(∑K) A 4EI/L B
DC 0.571 1.121 0.510 1.83 4EI/L 4EI/L
D DA 0.550 1.121 0.490
AD 0.550 1.120 0.490
A AB 0.570 1.120 0.510 D 4EI/L C
1.75
5.0 Moment Distribution
(-ve) (+ve)
F E M Due to total load (10.086) 10.086
FEM Value Remark (+ve) 5.206 A 15.13 B - (-ve)
MAB = MBA 10.09 (-,+)
MDC = MCD 14.15 (+,-) 8.39 -
MAD = MBC 5.21 (+,-)
MDA = MCB 5.98 (-,+) (-ve) (5.983) D 21.23 C - (+ve)
14.154 (14.154)
(+ve) (-ve)
Moment Distribution
Joint D A B C
Member DC DA AD AB BA BC CB CD
Distribution factor 0.510 0.490 0.490 0.510 0.510 0.490 0.490 0.510
Fix end moment 14.154 (5.983) 5.206 (10.086) 10.086 - - (14.154)
Balance (4.167) (4.004) 2.391 2.489 (5.144) (4.942) 6.935 7.219
Carry over 3.609 1.196 (2.002) (2.572) 1.244 3.468 (2.471) (2.084)
balance (2.450) (2.354) 2.241 2.333 (2.403) (2.309) 2.232 2.323
Carry over 1.161 1.121 (1.177) (1.202) 1.166 1.116 (1.154) (1.225)
balance (1.164) (1.118) 1.166 1.213 (1.164) (1.118) 1.166 1.214
Carry over 0.073 0.070 (0.073) (0.076) 0.073 0.070 (0.073) (0.076)
balance (0.073) (0.070) 0.073 0.076 (0.073) (0.070) 0.073 0.076
Carry over 0.038 0.036 (0.035) (0.036) 0.038 0.036 (0.035) (0.036)
Carry over 0.005 0.004 (0.005) (0.005) 0.005 0.004 (0.005) (0.005)
balance (0.005) (0.004) 0.005 0.005 (0.005) (0.004) 0.005 0.005
Carry over 0.002 0.002 (0.002) (0.002) 0.002 0.002 (0.002) (0.002)
Balance (0.002) (0.002) 0.002 0.002 (0.002) (0.002) 0.002 0.002
Final moment 11.150 (11.150) 7.830 (7.830) 3.790 (3.790) 6.710 (6.710)

(-ve) (+ve)
Total Mid Span Moments -7.83 3.79
MSM Value Unit (+ve) 7.83 A 15.129 B -3.79 (-ve)
MAB 15.13 KN-m
MDC 21.23 KN-m 8.391 0
MAD 8.39 KN-m
MBC - KN-m (-ve) -11.15 D 21.231 C 6.71 (+ve)
11.15 -6.71
(+ve) (-ve)
6.0 Reactions Calculations
Direction SF Loading Type Load (w) Length formula value unit
Upwards Ra/Rb UDL 39.520 1.750 wl/2 34.58 34.58 KN
Downwards Rc/Rd UDL 55.460 1.750 wl/2 48.53 48.53 KN
UDL 13.160 1.825 wl/2 12.01
Ra 16.26
On side walls UVL 13.990 1.825 (wl/2)*1/3 4.26 KN
(Leftwards and rightwards) UDL 13.160 1.825 wl/2 12.01
Rd 20.52
UVL 13.990 1.825 (wl/2)*2/3 8.51 KN
Rb UVL 9.807 1.825 (wl/2)*1/3 2.98 2.98 KN
Rightwards Rc UVL 9.807 1.825 (wl/2)*2/3 5.97 5.97 KN

Reaction Diagram 34.580 34.580

16.264 A - B 2.983

- -

20.519 D - C 5.966
48.528 48.528

7.0 Structural Design

Top Slab
Bending Moment at center of member AB 15.13 KN-m 15,129,000 Nmm
Bending Moment at end joint A 7.83 KN-m 7,830,000 Nmm
Bending Moment at end joint B 3.79 KN-m 3,790,000 Nmm
This section will be designed for maximum bending moment 15.13 KN-m 15,129,000 Nmm
Vertical Force 34.58 KN 34,580 N
Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .deff2
Needed effective depth deff = √(Mr/R*b) 0.172 m 172.23 mm
Needed slab thickness deff + covslab 0.222 m 222.23 mm
Provided slab thickness ts = 0.250 m 250.00 mm SAFE
Adopt tsf = 0.250 m 250.00 mm
deff = 0.200 m 200.00
Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .deff2 20.400 KN-m 20,400,000 Nmm SAFE

A Calculations of main bars

1.0 Bottom Reinforcement
1 Area of steel required for moment Ast,1 M/σst*j*de 478.40 mm2 Resisting Moment at center of member AB
2 Minimum area of a steel Ast,2 0.25%Ac 625.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 625.00 mm2
Select Options
Provide bar dia Фbar 16mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 201.07 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 322.00 mm 80mm 126mm 181mm 322mm
Spacing provided c/c 300.00 mm 80.00 120.00 200.00 300.00
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar /Spacing* 1000 670.23 mm2 628.37 654.50 565.50 670.23
OK Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
Check
effective depth deff tsf - (covslab +Фbar/2) 192.00 mm > 172.23 mm SAFE
*Note: Maximum Фbar should not exceed 1/8 of the total thickness of slab = 31mm SAFE
*Note: Maxmum spacing of main bar is restricted to the lesser of 300mm SAFE
3 times effective depth = 576mm
300 mm = 300mm
2.0 Corner (Bent Up / 2nd Layer ) s
1 Area of steel required for moment Ast,1 M/σst*j*de 183.62 mm2 Maximum Bending Moment at end joint A and B
2 Minimum area of a steel Ast,2 0.25%Ac 625.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 625.00 mm2 Same as above Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c

B Calculation of Distribution Bars

20% of area of steel Ast 0.20%Ast 134.047 mm2
Choosen Options
Provide bar dia Фbar 8mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 50.27 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 375.00 mm 375mm 586mm 844mm 1500mm
Spacing provided c/c 350.00 mm 350.00 450.00 450.00 450.0
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar /Spacing* 1000 143.63 mm2 143.63 174.53 251.33 446.82
OK Ф = 8 mm @ 350 mm c/c
*Note: Maxmum spacing of main bar is restricted to the lesser of 450mm SAFE
5 times the effective depth = 1000mm
450 mm = 450mm
C Check for Shear
Maximum Shear Force F 34,580.00 N
Effective depth de 192.00 mm
Dai of Stirrup used Фbar 8mm Ф mm Adopt
Total cross sectional area of stirrup legs
effective in shear Asv 143.63 mm2
shear stress (max.) τv F/(bde) 0.18 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress required for concrete 100Ast/(b*de) 0.075 N/mm2
from Table "Design Shear strength of concrete" is % steel τc N/mm2 IS456:2000, Clause no 40
0.000 0 PDSP Manual D2 -V2 (Pg -110, table 15.11)
0.075 0.22 From itiration
0.250 0.36
Since, τv < τc = SAFE
 Abutment (outer Wall)
Bending Moment at center of member AD 8.39 KN-m 8,391,000 Nmm
BM at end joint A 7.83 KN-m 7,830,000 Nmm
BM at end joint D 11.15 KN-m 11,150,000 Nmm
This section will be designed for maximum bending moment 11.15 KN-m 11,150,000 Nmm
Top 16.26 KN 16,264 N
Vertical Force
Bottom 20.52 KN 20,519 N
This section will be designed for maximum force 20.52 KN 20,519 N

Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .deff2

Needed effective width Weff = √(Mr/R*b) 0.148 m 147.86 mm
Needed wall thickness Weff + covwall 0.198 m 197.86 mm
Provided wall thickness tw = 0.250 m 250.00 mm SAFE
Adopt twf = 0.250 m 250.00 mm
Weff = 0.200 m 200.00 mm
Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .Weff2 20.40 KN-m 20,400,000 N SAFE

A Calculations of main bars

1.0 Water Side (Inner side)
1 Area of steel required for moment Ast,1 M/σst*j*de 478.40 mm2 Resisting Moment at center of member AD
2 Minimum area of a steel Ast,2 0.25%Ac 625.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 625.00 mm2 Same as above Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
U-bar can be provided
Select Options
Provide bar dia. Фbar 16mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 201.07 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Number of Bar required Nbar (Ast / Abar)+1 4.00 no 13nos. 9nos. 7nos. 4nos.
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 333.00 mm 83mm 125mm 167mm 333mm
Spacing provided c/c 300.00 mm 80.00 120.00 160.00 300.00
Number of bars provided Nbar (Le/Spacingbar)+1 4.00 nos 14nos. 9nos. 7nos. 4nos.
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar * Nbar 804.28 mm2 703.78 706.86 791.70 804.28
OK Ф = 16 mm @300 mm c/c
Check
effective depth de ts-(tcov +Фbar/2) 192.00 mm > 172.23 mm Safe
*Note: Maximum Фbar should not exceed 1/8 of the total thickness of slab = 31mm Safe
*Note: Maxmum spacing of main bar is restricted to the lesser of 300mm Safe
3 times effective depth = 576mm
300 mm = 300mm
Note: For both +ve and -ve moment, 0.25%Ac (750 mm2) is greater. Hence provide double net (mesh) of same nature

2.0 Earth Side (Outer Side)

1 Area of steel required for moment Ast M/σst*j*deff 90.79 mm2
2 Minimum area of a steel 0.25%Ac 0.25%*ts*b 625.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 625.00 mm2 Same as above Ф = 16 mm @ 300 mm c/c
B Calculation of Distribution Bars
Provide greater of 20% of area of steel
20% of steel Ast 0.20%Ast 160.856 mm2 DESIGN
Choosen Options
Provide bar dia Фbar 8mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 50.27 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Number of Bar required Nbar (Ast / Abar)+1 4.00 no 4nos. 3nos. 2nos. 2nos.
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 333.00 mm 333mm 500mm 1000mm 1000mm
Spacing provided c/c 300.00 mm 300.00 500.00 450.00 450.00
Number of bars provided Nbar (Le/Spacingbar)+1 4.00 nos 4nos. 3nos. 3nos. 3nos.
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar * Nbar 201.08 mm2 201.08 235.62 339.30 603.21
OK Ф = 8 mm @300 mm c/c

C Check for Shear PDSP Manual D2 -V2 (Pg -108)

Maximum Shear Force F 20,519.23 KN
Effective width we 200.00 mm
Dai of Stirrup used Фbar 8mm Ф mm Adopt
Total cross sectional area of stirrup legs
effective in shear Asv 201.08 mm2
shear stress (max.) τv F/(bwe) 0.103 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress required for concrete 100As/(b*de) 0.101 N/mm2
from Table "Design Shear strength of concrete" is % steel τc N/mm2
0 0
0.101 0.22
0.25 0.22
Since, τv<τc = (SAFE)

Bottom Slab
B M, at center of member CD 21.23 KN-m 21,231,000 Nmm
BM at end joint C 6.71 KN-m 6,710,000 Nmm
BM at end joint D 11.15 KN-m 11,150,000 Nmm
This section will be designed for maximum bending moment 21.23 KN-m 21,231,000 Nmm
Vertical Force 48.53 KN-m 48,528 N
Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .deff2
Needed effective depth deff = √(Mr/R*b) 0.204 m 204.03 mm
Needed slab thickness deff + covslab 0.254 m 254.03 mm
Provided slab thickness ts = 0.300 m 300.00 mm SAFE
Adopt tsf = 0.300 m 300.00 mm
deff = 0.250 m 250.00
Resisting Moment Mr = R . b .deff2 31.88 KN-m 31,875,000 Nmm
 A Calculations of main bars
1.0 Top Reinforcement
1 Area of steel required for moment Ast,1 M/σst*j*de 498.33 mm2 Resisting Moment at center of member CD
2 Minimum area of a steel Ast,2 0.25%Ac 750.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 750.00 mm2
Select Options
Provide bar dia Фbar 16mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 201.07 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 268.00 mm 67mm 105mm 151mm 268mm
Spacing provided c/c 260.00 mm 350.00 450.00 150.00 260.0
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar /Spacing* 1000 773.35 mm2 143.63 174.53 754.00 773.35
OK Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c
Check
effective depth de ts-(tcov +Фbar/2) 242.00 mm > 172.23 mm Safe
*Note: Maximum Фbar should not exceed 1/8 of the total thickness of slab = 31mm Safe
*Note: Maxmum spacing of main bar is restricted to the lesser of 300mm Safe
3 times effective depth = 726mm
300 mm = 300mm
Note: For both +ve and -ve moment, 0.25%Ac (750 mm2) is greater. Hence provide double net (mesh) of same nature
2.0 Corner (Bent Up / 2nd Layer )
1 Area of steel required for moment Ast,1 M/σst*j*de 130.05 mm2
2 Minimum area of a steel Ast,2 0.25%Ac 750.00 mm2
Area of a steel to be provided Ast Maximum of (1) & (2) 750.00 mm2 Same as above Ф = 16 mm @ 260 mm c/c

B Calculation of Distribution Bars

Note: Condition is same as Distribution bar of Top Slab Hence provide similar distribution bar
Provide same as that of top slab
Provide greater of 20% of area of steel
20% of steel mmn 154.66923076923 mm2
Choosen Options
Provide bar dia Фbar 8mm Ф mm 8mm Ф 10mm Ф 12mm Ф 16mm Ф
Area of a Bar Abar πФbar2/4 50.27 mm2 50.27 78.54 113.1 201.07
Needed Spacing of bar c/c Le/(Nbar-1) 325.00 mm 325mm 508mm 731mm 1300mm
Spacing provided c/c 300.00 mm 300.00 450.00 150.00 260.0
Final, Total Area of steel provided Abar /Spacing* 1000 167.57 mm2 167.57 174.53 754.00 773.35
OK Ф = 8 mm @ 300 mm c/c

*Note: Maximum Фbar should not exceed 1/8 of the total thickness of slab = 25.50 mm OKEY
*Note: Maxmum spacing of main bar is restricted to the lesser of
5 times the effective depth = 1,250.00 mm
450 mm = 450 mm OKEY

C Check for Shear PDSP Manual D2 -V2(Pg -108)

Maximum Shear Force F 34,580.000 N
Effective depth de 192.000 mm
Dai of Stirrup used Фbar 8.000 mm Adopt
Total cross sectional area of stirrup legs
effective in shear Asv 167.567 mm2
shear stress (max.) τv F/(bde) 0.180 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress required for tsf = concrete 100As/(b*de) 0.087 N/mm2
from Table "Design Shear strength of concrete" is % steel τc N/mm2 IS456:2000,Clause no 40
0 0 PDSP Manual D2 -V2(Pg -110, table 15.11)
0.087 0.22 From itiration
0.25 0.22
Since, τv<τc = (SAFE)

Check For Bearing Capacity Of Soil

Load Calculation Weight Pressure
Member
KN kN/m²
Total Load on Top Slab 79.030 39.52
Load of Top Slab 12.500 6.25
Load of Walls 19.380 9.69
Load of bottom Slab 15.000 7.50
Total weight of structure 125.910 62.96
Bearing Capacity of Soil 150.000
SAFE

Check For Slip Failure

*Note: There is no risk of Slip failure because the structure is surrounded by earth from both side of a wall
 DETAILED QUANTITY ESTIMATE
Name of works: Double Box Culvert Span 6.00 m

At Ch 6+690

Length Breadth Height Area

SN Description of Items No. Quantity
(m) (m) (m) (m2)
1 E/W in excavation

a Box 1.000 6.000 1.440 8.640

b Canal cut off and return 2.000 4.200 0.450 0.750 2.830
Sub-Total 11.47
2 E/W Backfilling

a Box 6.000 8.070 48.420

Sub-Total 48.42
3 P:C:C M10 (1:3:6)
a Box 1.000 5.500 2.200 0.100 1.210
b Canal cut off and return 2.000 0.450 4.200 0.100 0.370
Sub-Total 1.58
4 RCC M20 (1:1.5:3)
a Box 1.000 5.500 2.000 2.100 23.100
deduct opening (1.000) 5.500 1.500 1.550 (12.780)
b Canal cut off and return 2.000 0.250 4.000 2.550 5.100
deduct opening (4.000) 0.250 1.500 1.550 (2.320)
c Parapet 2.000 2.000 0.200 0.600 0.480
Sub-Total 13.58
5 Reinforcement
Bar Schedule 1,208.91
Sub-Total 1,208.91
6 Form Works
a Box
Longitudinal (inner) 1.000 5.500 1.550 8.520
Longitudinal (outer) 1.000 5.500 2.200 12.100
slab bottom 1.000 5.500 1.500 8.250
b Canal cut off and return
outer 2.000 5.550 11.100
inner (1.000) 1.875 (1.870)
c Parapet
Longitudinal 4.000 1.200 4.800
sides 4.000 0.200 0.600 0.480
Sub-Total 43.38
7 Dismantling works
Parapet Wall 2.000 2.500 0.250 0.400 0.500
bed 1.000 3.000 2.500 0.300 2.250
abutment wall 2.000 3.000 0.250 1.600 2.400
slab 1.000 3.000 2.500 0.300 2.250
sub total 7.40
Remark

From
Autocad
Drawing

m3

From
Autocad
Drawing
m3

m3
Area =

1.875

5.550

1.200
m 3

1.017%
of RCC
kg

m2
m3
 Bar Schedule

At Ch. 6+690
VRB
Dimention across spacing number sp.wt wt.
Name Section Dia.
l h b total m cm Net /net total kg/m kg
cutoff and return (both) ###
2.450 2
CM-L main bar 0.150 5.050 1.00 30 cm 4 16 16 mm 1.580 127.66
2.450 2

0.650 0.150 2
CM-S main bar 2.250 1.50 30 cm 5 10 16 mm 1.580 35.55
0.650 0.800 1

distribution 2
CD-L 3.90 3.900 0.65 35 cm 2 8 8 mm 0.395 12.32
bar 2

distribution 2
CD-S1 1.00 0.400 1.400 1.80 35 cm 6 24 8 mm 0.395 13.27
bar (inner) 2

distribution 2
CD-S2 1.15 0.400 1.550 1.80 35 cm 6 24 8 mm 0.395 14.69
bar (outer) 2
Box culvert
main bar,
BMF 1.90 1.900 5.50 26 cm 2 22 44 16 mm 1.580 132.09
Floor
2
main bar,
BMW 2.00 0.80 2.800 5.50 30 cm 19 114 16 mm 1.580 504.34
divide wall
3
main bar,
BMS 1.900 1.900 5.50 30 cm 2 19 38 16 mm 1.580 114.08
top slab
distribution
BDF 5.90 5.900 1.90 30 cm 2 6 12 8 mm 0.395 27.97
bar
distribution
BDW 5.900 5.900 1.55 35 cm 6 5 30 8 mm 0.395 69.92
bar
distribution
BDS 5.900 5.900 1.90 35 cm 2 6 12 8 mm 0.395 27.97
bar
Parapet (u/s) ###

PM main bar 0.750 0.600 1.350 5.90 25 cm 4 24 96 12 mm 0.888 115.08

distribution
PD 5.90 5.900 0.60 30 cm 2 3 6 8 mm 0.395 13.98
bar
8 mm 180
Sum of
12 mm 115
Total Weight (kg) 1208.91
anchor length = 50Ф lap length (Conc M20, Fe415): Tension 47Ф, compression 38Ф
CM Downstream cutoff Main-bar L Long S Short
CD Downstream cutoff Distribution-bar L Long S Short
BMF Box (culvert) Main-bar Floor
BMD Box (culvert) Main-bar Divide Wall
BMS Box (culvert) Main-bar Slab
BDF Box (culvert) Distribution-bar Floor
BDW Box (culvert) Distribution-bar Wall
BDS Box (culvert) Distribution-bar Slab
PM Parapet Main-bar
PD Parapet Distribution-bar