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Practical
Research 1
Learning from Others and
Reviewing the Literature
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Raleigh J. Ojanola
Editors: Kathy Lyn G. Daga-as and Charmaine Rose T. Estandarte
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa, PhD, Delia B. Mabalot, Rolex L. Lotilla and Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jackie Lynn R. Langga
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director Crispin A.
Soliven Jr., CESE – Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero, CESE – Asst. Schools Division
Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo
D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS Peter Van
C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda O. Orendain – REPS, Subject Area Supervisor Belen L.
Fajemolin, PhD – CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa, PhD – Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Bernardita M. Villano – Division ADM Coordinator
Delia B. Mabalot – Subject Area Supervisor

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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

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E-mail Address: [email protected]
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Subject Area
Learning from Others and
Reviewing the Literature
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 - Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module consists one (1), namely:

 Lesson 1 – Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. select relevant literature;
2. cite related literature using American Psychological Association
(APA) Format; and
3. present written review of literature.

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 What I Know A
Activity 1.1
Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Why is Review of Related Literature necessary in conducting research?

A. It places your own research within the context of existing literature

making a case for why further study is needed.
B. It tests the validity of the study by using statistical tools in measuring the
effects of a certain phenomenon.
C. It adheres with the ethical principles of conducting a research study.
D. It enlightens the readers on the operational definition of the words being
used in the study.

2. How are entries ordered in a Reference list?

A. By title first, then author's last name, and then by date of publication
B. By author's last name first, then date of publication, then title
C. By date of publication first, then author's last name, then by title
D. By date of publication and then title

3. Which of the following is the proper APA reference list from a general website
source with Digital Object Identification (DOI)?
I-Early Childhood Experiences.
II- (2007).
III- Abad, D.
IV-Retrieved on July 20, 2019, from,
http//:www.earlychildhood.edu.ph.

A. I-III-IV-II B. V-II-I-III C. III-II-I-V D. I-II-III-IV

4. How do you cite references in the beginning of the paragraph with two authors?

A. Sanchez and Terres (2004) stated that language development…

B. De Juan (2005) emphasized that psychosocial is…
C. Santos & Teves (2001) explained…
D. According to (Billones and Cruz, 2013) elucidated that physiological…

5. How do you cite references in the end of the paragraph with three authors?

A. …learning (Pedro, Santos, Luna, 2011).

B. …reading (Macaranas, Reyes & Bay, 2013).
C. …plain (Bautista & Esther, 2015)
D. …vocabulary (Sona, Pilar, Dattu, and Weng, 2009).

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Lesson
Learning from Others and
1 Reviewing the Literature
Lesson 1 discusses the importance of Review of Related Literature, its
definition and the ways on how to properly cite references using American
Psychological Association (APA) Format.

What’s In
Activity 1.2
Share your Experiences!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the

past. Write your answers on the blank provided.

1. What are the things that you have learned in the previous lesson?

2. When your teacher gives you an assignment about a certain topic, where do you
usually search for an answer? Do you search and get it from the internet or from
the books? Do you acknowledge the author or writer of the reference where you
base your answer? If yes, how do you acknowledge them?

Notes to the Teacher

All activities need your expertise and
supervision. Please, take time to have consultations
along the research process.

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 What’s New

Review of Related Literature (RRL) is the second chapter of a research paper.

It is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and
researchers. Thus, acknowledging the source and citing the author/s are necessary
for the researcher/s not to commit plagiarism. Through this, the research study is
still abiding to one of the ethical principles of conducting research.
“Genius borrows nobly.”
-Ralph Waldo Emerson-
1. What does the author mean about the statement?

What is It

Review of Related Literature

The Review of Related Literature (RRL) as the second chapter of a research

paper develops your understanding of the literature in a field of study. Calderon
and Gonzales (1993) explained that the goals of a literature review are a)
information seeking, it is the ability to understand the literature efficiently, using
manual or computerized methods, and b) critical appraisal, it is the ability to apply
principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies. Related studies is
about reviewing or studying existing works carried out in your project/research
field. In conducting a research paper, including literature review is very necessary
because it identifies gaps in the research area. Also, it carries on from what others
have already completed and fathoms the depth of knowledge of your subject area.
RRL should be paraphrased effectively to save space and keep your study more
focused and to avoid plagiarism and provide your own authorial voice in your paper
Example of a paragraph that can be used as a literature review for a
research paper:
Giroux (1989) describes voice as desirable in a democratic society as well as in schools
because schools and society are true reflections of one another. The relevance of voice and democracy
in schools raises the question about the prevailing status of student voice in schools, most especially in
public schools (Batchelor, 2006). Fielding (2012) states “listening to the voices of young people … is
not merely espoused, but actively advocated in the context of formal education” (p.48). The voices of
students should feature in every aspect of schooling; by listening to students’ opinions, teachers will
not only be better informed, but also more effective as they facilitate their students’ education (Lee &
Spires, 2009). Therefore, to overcome the challenges of inequality in high schools is to engage in
conversations with students and include their views and opinions into the present-day school structure
(Batchelor, 2006). Listening and acting on student voice to improve their educational experiences can
be a valuable way of moving inclusive educational practices forward to benefit all stakeholders.

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 Source: Adegboyega, M. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative case study of teachers' conceptions in a New
Jersey urban high school. Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=147&context=etd
The APA Format
I. Reference Citations in Text:
Referencing allows you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and
researchers in your work. Referencing is also a way to give credit to the writers
from whom you have borrowed words and ideas. Reference citations in text
comprises author surname/s, and the publication date of the source within the
body of the essay or report. It is inserted directly after the information being
sourced from the scientific literature.

In-text Citation Authors Example

De Pedro (2018) conducted a
One (1) Author
study on…
A. Beginning of the sentence
 Write the author’s De Pedro and Diaz (2017) posited
Two (2) Authors
last name and the that…
year of publication
first. Enclose the year De Pedro, Diaz and Jordan (2018)
Three (3) Authors
of publication with discussed about…
parentheses. De Pedro, et al. (2017) emphasized
Multiple Authors
that…
B. After the sentence or
One (1) Author …(De Pedro, 2018).
paragraph
 Write and enclose with Two (2) Authors …(De Pedro & Diaz, 2017).
parentheses both the
author’s last name and
the year of Three (3) Authors …(De Pedro, Diaz & Jordan, 2018).
publication.
 Use an ampersand
instead of the Multiple Authors …(De Pedro, et al., 2017).
word “and” inside
the
parentheses

II. Reference List:

A. Books - References to an entire book must include the following elements:
author(s) or editor(s), date of publication, title, place of publication, and the name
of the publisher.

No Author or Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003).

editor, in print Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster.
One (1) author, Kidder, T. (1981). The soul of a new machine. Boston, MA: Little,
in print Brown & Company.
Two (2) Frank, R. & Bernanke, B. (2007). Principles of macro-
authors, in economics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
print
Gibbs, J., & Huang, L. (Eds.). (2001). Children of color:
Edited book Psychological interventions with culturally diverse youth. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

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B. Internet Sources - References from an internet source must include the
following elements: author(s) or editor(s), date of publication, title, retrieved from
URL of the article.

Student voice: a qualitative case study of teachers' conceptions in a

No Author or New Jersey urban high school. (2015). Retrieved
editor, in print from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?
article=147&context=etd

Adegboyega, M. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative case study of

One (1) author, teachers' conceptions in a New Jersey urban high school.
in print Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?
article=147&context=etd

Adegboyega, M. & Frank, R. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative

Two (2) case study of teachers' conceptions in a New Jersey urban high
authors, in school. Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.
print edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=147&context=etd

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 What’s More

Activity 1.3 Rewrite and Cite References!

Instructions: Arrange and rewrite the following elements of citing sources
accordingly based on the APA format.

1. Developmental Reading 1.
Bernardo, A.
(2011).
Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Quezon City:

2. Menoy, J.
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
21st-Century Literature of the Philippines and the World.
Mandaluyong City:
(2016).

3. Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign/Second Language.

(2016).
Retrieved on July 22, 2017,
Rani, K.
from, http://www.iairs.org/PAPERS_V1-I1/PAGE%2096%20-%2098.pdf

4. (1999).
Are you with it?.
Retrieved on January 30, 2018,
Wuest, D.
from, http://www.pecentral.org/climate/april99article.html

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 What I Can Do
Activity 1.4

RESEARCH WORKSHEET 2
(Please, refer to Research Worksheet 1 in Module 3)
Instructions. Based on your desired title, look and read for at least five (5) related
literatures and studies. Then, write and paraphrase the articles you have read either from
books, journals, researches or internet sources on the space provided below. Cite your
references using APA format.

A. Reference Citations in Text

B. Reference List

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Rubric for Research Worksheets
Criteria 3 5 8 10 Points
Information given
Information given Information given Information given
is somewhat
Content is not enough and
enough and
is almost enough is enough and
substantial. and substantial. substantial.
substantial.
Ideas are Ideas are
Ideas are Ideas are almost
Organization disorganized
somewhat
organized.
organized
organized. properly.
Information given Information given Information given Information given
Accuracy commits ample is somewhat free is almost free from is free from any
errors. from any errors. any errors. errors.
Few of the Almost of the
All sentence Sentence
sentence sentence
Grammar structures are
structures are structures are
structures are all
ungrammatical. grammatical.
grammatical. grammatical.

Assessment
Activity 1.5

Instructions. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if otherwise.

1. Literature Review gives the researcher a foundation of what he/she

wants to study.
2. Citing references will give credits to authors and scholars which is
also one of the ethical principles of conducting researcher papers.
3. Reading related literature and studies feeds the researcher with
limited information and it is time consuming.
4. Acknowledging references can be somehow neglected in some point
to save time.
5. Citing sources and references strengthens and supports research
findings for a substantial discussion.

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 Additional Activities

Activity 1.6 Share Your Thoughts!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the
past. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. What are the challenges that you experienced in choosing related literature and
studies for your research?

2. What are the things you have learned in this lesson?

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References
Calderon, J. & Gonzales, E. (1993). Related literature and studies: in methods of
research and thesis writing. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendation.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning

Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax

No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]