Sant Hosh

STUDY OF PROBIOTICS AND THEIR
PREPERATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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SI.NO TITLE
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1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 ABSTRACT 4
3 ISOLATION OF PROBIOTIC 6
4 PREPERATION OF PROBIOTICS 8
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
5 10
OF PROBIOTICS
6 CONCLUTION 12
7 REFERENCES 12
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INTRODUCTION:
Probiotics are live microorganisms that claim to provide
health benefits by improving or restoring the gut microbiota.
While generally safe to consume, they can cause bacteria-host
interactions and unwanted side effects in rare cases. Some
evidence suggests probiotics may help ease symptoms of
irritable bowel syndrome, but many claims lack substantial
scientific support.
The first discovered probiotic was Lactobacillus
bulgaricus in Bulgarian yoghurt in 1905, with modern-day
theories attributed to Russian Nobel laureate Élie
Metchnikoff. The growing probiotics market has led to the
need for stricter requirements for scientific substantiation of
putative benefits.
While some claims, such as reducing gastrointestinal
discomfort, improving immune health, relieving constipation,
or avoiding the common cold, are strain-specific, they cannot
be extrapolated to other strains. As of 2019, numerous
applications for approval of health claims by European
manufacturers of probiotic dietary supplements have been
rejected by the European Food Safety Authority for
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insufficient evidence of beneficial mechanism or efficacy.

ABSTRACT
Probiotic are microorganisms, which when consumed,

are believed to provide health benefits to humans and other
organisms. We usually think of bacteria as something that
causes diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good
and bad. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful"
bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy.
When you loose “good” bacteria in your body (for

example, when we take antibiotics), probiotics can help
replace them. Probiotics are naturally found in your body.
You can also find them in some foods and supplements.
They may be of two types :-
1. Lactobacillus
2. Bifidobacterium
Commonly claimed benefits of probiotics include the

decrease of potentially pathogenic gastro-intestinal
microorganisms, the reduction of gastro –intestinal
discomfort, strengthening of immune system, improvement of
skin function, improvement of bowel regularity, resistance to
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pollen allergens, decrease in body pathogens,

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the protection of DNA, maintaining the stomach health
when receiving antibiotics, etc. Due to its immense benefits, it
is regarded to be very useful. The history of probiotics can be
traced back to the first use of cheese and fermented products
that were well known to Greeks and Romans who
recommended their consumption. Later, Henry Tessier found
that Bifidobacteria are dominant in the gut flora of breast-fed
babies. He also observed clinical benefits in treating diarrhea.
When we start to think about probiotics, there are many

aspects we must consider. Its origin, its first use for our
benefit, its importance in our lives, its synthesis for common
man, spread of its knowledge and improvements and
developments in its overall field of study, synthesis and
understanding. Here, we will be seeing into each of these
fields and aspects. Probiotics has been and is a very intriguing
topic as it has influenced many generations of people around
the globe.
That is why we must get to know about it so we can reap

full benefits. Then we will see how probiotics can be isolated
for further scientific test for its study. Already there has been
a lot of research being undertaken on this topic and there are
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many kinds of probiotic, which are being used, already in our

everyday lives without us knowing about them! Then we will
go to the roots of probiotic and see its importance in shaping
many lives in the past all around the world. These findings are
sure to leave you astounded. Then we will see how and where
probiotics can/is being used for the betterment of human,
animal and plant life.
ISOLATION OF PROBIOTIC
The isolation of probiotic organisms can be done

using the following methods and materials: -
1. Sample collection-The dairy samples including

yoghurt, cheese, gorout and shour are collected from
different regions. They must be stored in low
refrigerator temperature (-4°C) to protect normal micro
flora and avoid from contamination and deterioration.
2. Preliminary screening-the preliminary screening

in Phosphate Buffer Solution with PH 3.0 should
performed for three hours.
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3. Isolation of bacteria-Bacteria is isolated from
dairy products by using MRS medium. After dissolving
into MRS broth, they were shaken homogeneously and
were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in aerobic condition.
Finally, the single colony of bacteria was isolated by
observing their colonial morphology.
4. Identification of isolates-performed by
biochemical and morphological tests such as Growth
test at 4 °C and 15 °C in tubes containing MRS broth
and the fermentation of carbohydrates
5. Determination of antimicrobial activity- Some of

acid and bile resistant isolates was assessed for their
antibacterial activity against main three pathogenic
bacteria using well-diffusion method. 7
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PREPERATION OF PROBIOTICS
LAB and bifidobacteria are used in the production

of probiotic dietary supplements and dairy starter
cultures. The goal is to produce high-yield, stable,
concentrated cells with consistent performance in
various conditions. High cell count and long shelf-life
stability are expected for dietary supplement products,
while rapid and consistent acidifying activity in milk is
desired for dairy starter cultures.
The manufacturing process involves freezing seed

stock or frozen direct vat inoculation material, with
fermentations controlled to limit genetic drift risk. Cells
are concentrated by centrifugation, and stabilizer
solutions like cryoprotectants and lyoprotectants may be
added to protect cells. Various freezing processes can
be applied to the probiotic concentrate, including cans,
pelletizing, or freeze-drying to a dried end-product.
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The lyophilized material is milled into a powder,
which can be blended with excipients, functional
ingredients, and flow aids to create finished formats like
capsules, sachets, or tablets. Quality control testing is
performed on in-process samples and the final product
to ensure high-quality and contamination-free end-
products..
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VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF PROBIOTICS
Probiotics, by now, has proved to be beneficial to

mankind and animals in various fields. Some of them
are :-
1. Dairy products – Probiotics are added in most

commonly consumed dairy products such as curd,
yoghurt, cheese, shrikhand, etc. These help add benefits
to our daily consumption so as to initiate a regular
intake of these good bacterium i.e. probiotics.
2. Confectionary- Even the daily bread that you

consume has probiotics in it. They are also used in
chocolates, biscuits, cookies and cakes. This ensures
goodness with every bite of joy.
3. Cold beverages – Soft drinks, carbonated drinks all

contain probiotics too that also help in their
preservation.
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4. Health supplements – In case a person still misses out
on his daily dose of probiotics, there are many health
supplements that incorporate probiotics in them and
also probiotic supplements are available separately too.
Fermented probiotic milk based drinks are also getting a
lot popular nowadays. These not only provide
refreshment but also energy and an adequate dose of
probiotics.
5. Therapeutic – They help in improving intestinal tract

health, enhancing the immune system, synthesizing and
enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients, reducing
symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the
prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals, and
reducing risk of certain cancers.
6. Animal feed – The feed for swine, beef cattle, dairy

cattle, sheep, poultry, turkeys are seen that sufficient
quantity of probiotics are contained in them
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CONCLUSIONS
We have seen that probiotic maintains gastro

intestinal tract health and functionality. It can be used
for therapeutic purpose such as colitis, inflammatory
bowel disease, and diarrhea in addition to lengthening
the quality of life. It can be also used as a supplement in
the diet of all stages of human life beginning from child
to old age. Following ban on antibiotic, probiotic is
recommended as feed additive in livestock for
increasing the productivity and product quality.
REFERENCES
1. National Health Service. November 27, 2018. Archived from

the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
2. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US
National Institutes of Health. August 1, 2019. Archived from
the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved November
10, 2019.
3. "Risk and safety of probiotics". Clin Infect Book
4. "Probiotics in critically ill children".Book
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STUDY OF PROBIOTICS AND THEIR

insufficient evidence of beneficial mechanism or efficacy.

Probiotic are microorganisms, which when consumed,

When you loose “good” bacteria in your body (for

They may be of two types :-

Commonly claimed benefits of probiotics include the

pollen allergens, decrease in body pathogens,

When we start to think about probiotics, there are many

That is why we must get to know about it so we can reap

many kinds of probiotic, which are being used, already in our

The isolation of probiotic organisms can be done

1. Sample collection-The dairy samples including

2. Preliminary screening-the preliminary screening

5. Determination of antimicrobial activity- Some of

LAB and bifidobacteria are used in the production

The manufacturing process involves freezing seed

Probiotics, by now, has proved to be beneficial to

1. Dairy products – Probiotics are added in most

2. Confectionary- Even the daily bread that you

3. Cold beverages – Soft drinks, carbonated drinks all

5. Therapeutic – They help in improving intestinal tract

6. Animal feed – The feed for swine, beef cattle, dairy

We have seen that probiotic maintains gastro

1. National Health Service. November 27, 2018. Archived from

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