ELECTRIC MACHINE PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT With ANS

QUESTION 1:
1) Draw the schematic diagram of transformer. Briefly explain the operation of transformer.
(CL02)
Schematic Diagram of a Transformer and Operation
Schematic Diagram:
A transformer consists of two coils (windings) of wire, known as the primary winding and the secondary
winding, which are usually wound around a laminated iron core. Here’s a simplified schematic diagram:
• Primary Winding (P): Connected to the input voltage source.

• Secondary Winding (S): Connected to the output load.
• Core: Provides a path for magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings.
Operation:
1. Mutual Induction: When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a
changing magnetic flux in the iron core.
2. Induced EMF: This changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary
winding according to Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
2) A 200 kVA, 800 V / 415 V, 50 Hz single-phase transformer has 120 turns on a secondary. Calculate:
(CL03)
I. the approximate values of the primary and secondary currents.

II. the approximate number of primary turns.
III. the maximum values of flux.
Calculations for a 200 kVA, 800 V / 415 V, 50 Hz Single-Phase Transformer
Given:
• Power Rating (S): 200 kVA

• Primary Voltage (Vp): 800 V
• Secondary Voltage (Vs): 415 V
• Frequency (f): 50 Hz
• Secondary Turns (Ns): 120 turns
QUESTION 2:
1) Briefly explain the operation of three phase induction motor. (CL03)
Operation of Three-Phase Induction Motor:
1. Stator Operation:
o When three-phase AC voltage is applied to these windings, a rotating magnetic field is
produced in the air gap between the stator and rotor.
2. Rotating Magnetic Field:.
o The direction of rotation of the magnetic field is determined by the sequence of phase
connections (ABC or CBA) of the stator windings.
3. Rotor Operation:
o The induced EMF in the rotor conductors causes current to flow, which in turn generates a
magnetic field.
4. Torque Production:
o The amount of torque produced in the motor depends on the slip and the rotor current.
2) An 8 pole, 3 phase alternator running at 15 rpm, supplies an 8 pole induction motor. Find the
actual speed of the motor if slip is 5 % if the frequency supply is
60Hz. (CL02)
3) A 3-phase induction motor is wound for 6 poles and it's supplied from 60 Hz system. Determine;
(CL03)
I. The synchronous speed
II. The speed of the motor when slip in 0.06
III. The rotor frequency when the motor runs at 450 r.p.m.
QUESTION 3:
1) There are 3 (three) types of speed control of 3 phase induction machines. Briefly explain the type
of varying rotor resistance in this speed control. (CL03)
(6 marks)
Types of Varying Rotor Resistance in Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Machines
In three-phase induction machines, varying the rotor resistance is a method used for speed control. There are
typically two methods to achieve this:
1. Rotor Resistance Control (External Resistors):

o External resistors are connected in series with the rotor windings.
o By changing the resistance, the slip and hence the speed of the motor can be controlled.
o This method is simple but less efficient due to energy losses in resistors.
2. Rotor Resistance Control (Slip Energy Recovery):
o Resistors are shorted out during normal operation and are only brought into circuit during
start-up or speed changes.
o Energy that would otherwise be lost in resistors is recovered, making this method more
energy-efficient.
2) List 4 (four) parts in stator and rotor for 3 phase induction motor. (CLOI)
(4 marks)
Four Parts in the Stator and Rotor of a Three-Phase Induction Motor
Stator:
• Stator Winding: Three-phase windings placed in slots around the stator.
• Stator Core: Provides a path for the magnetic flux generated by the stator windings.
• Stator Frame: Supports and protects the stator core and windings.
• Terminal Box: Provides connection points for external power supply.
Rotor:
• Rotor Bars: Conductors embedded in the rotor core that carry current.
• Rotor Core: Provides a path for magnetic flux generated by the rotor current.
• End Rings: Connect the rotor bars together at both ends to complete the rotor circuit.
• Shaft: Transfers mechanical power from the motor to the driven load.
3) A 315-V, 8hp, 6 pole, 60 Hz, Y-connected induction motor has a full-load slip of 6 percent,
Determine: - (CL03)
The synchronous speed of this motor.
ii. The rotor speed of this motor at rated load.
iii, The rotor frequency of this motor at rated toad.
The shaft torque of this motor at rated toad.
(10 marks)

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QUESTION 1:

Schematic Diagram of a Transformer and Operation

• Primary Winding (P): Connected to the input voltage source.

I. the approximate values of the primary and secondary currents.

• Power Rating (S): 200 kVA

1) Briefly explain the operation of three phase induction motor. (CL03)

Operation of Three-Phase Induction Motor:

Types of Varying Rotor Resistance in Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Machines

1. Rotor Resistance Control (External Resistors):

ii. The rotor speed of this motor at rated load.

iii, The rotor frequency of this motor at rated toad.

The shaft torque of this motor at rated toad.

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