eKuhipath

ভূ গ োল
ASSAM GEOGRAPHY (PART2)- CLASS:9

BY PORISHMITAGOGOI
 Topics covered
oWildlife Sanctuary, National Parks
(বন্যপ্ৰাণী অভযাৰণয, ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্)

oRivers (ন্দ্ী)

oVegetation (বন্াঞ্চল)

oNatural resources (প্ৰাকৃতিক সম্পদ্)

The State of Assam is a constituent unit of the Eastern
Himalayan Biodiversity Region. Assam falls in the
transition zone of Indian, Indo-Malayan and Indo-
Chinese bio-geographical regions. The climatic condition
and wide variety in physical features witnessed in
Assam have resulted in a diversity of ecological habitats
such as forests, grasslands ,wetlands, which harbour
and sustain wide ranging floral and faunal species
placing.

About 34.2% of State’s area is under green cover. The

climate is subtropical that supports various habitates
such as rainforests, riverine grasslands, bamboo,
wetland ecosystem. Assam has 3010 species of
flowering plants of which 347 have medicial plants,
182 species of orchids, 42 species of bamboos and 14
species of cane. Assam has the distribution of
UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Biosphere reserve ,
National Parks covering a vast area.
Q. Currently , the number of National Parks in Assam is

(বিতমান্ , অসমৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ৰ সংখ্যা হৈছে)

a) 5 b) 6
c) 7 d)

Ans: c) 7
Assam protected areas includes Seven national parks (2.51%
of Assam's area), 17 wildlife sanctuaries (1.88% of Assam's
area), and two proposed wildlife sanctuaries.
WILDLIFE SANCTUARY…..

Proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries

•North Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
•Bordoibam Bilmukh Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
KAZIRANGA NP…….
 Kaziranga National Park is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India.
 The park, which hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.
 In 1908, Kaziranga was designated a "Reserve Forest".
 The Kaziranga Game Sanctuary was renamed the "Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary" in 1950.
 In 1968, the state government passed the Assam National Park Act of 1968, declaring Kaziranga a designated
national park.
 The 430 km2 (166 sq mi) park was given official status as National Park by the central government on 11
February 1974.
 In 1985, Kaziranga was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO for its unique natural environment.
 With increase in tiger population every year, the government authorities declared Kaziranga as a Tiger
Reserve in the year 2006.
 The state government approved an addition of 452 hectares to the 1,085.53 sq km of the park as its 10th
addition in 2021 so total area become 1,090.05 sq km.(current). This new area is the 10th addition to the park
under Biswanath district in the State. Earlier government had approved a 30.53 sq km area to the 884 sq km of
the Kaziranga National park as 7th,8th and 9th additions to the park in two districts of Nagaon and Sonitpur. The
core area of the Kaziranga is 430 sq km.

Wildlife: One horned rhinoceros , wild buffalo , indian elephant , royal bengal tiger , indian wild boar , eastern
mole ,pangolin ,indian gaur ,swamp deer , sambar ,barking deer, white browed gibbon ,hog deer, capped
langur or leaf monkey etc.
 Manas National Park: Nameri National Park:
 Location- Chirang and Baksa  Location: Sonitpur
 Area: 500 sq km  Area: 200 sq.km
 Came under Project Tiger in 1973.  Set as Sanctuary in 1985.
 Recognized as National Park in 1990.  Established as National Park in 1998.
 Declared world Heritage Site in 1985.  Came under Project Tiger in 2001.
 Rivers: Manas.  River: Jia Bharali , Bor Dikorai.
 Wildlifes: Pigmy hog, Golden langur,  Wildlife: Black deer, elephant, Deo Hanh etc
Hiepid hare, Wild buffalo , hog deer etc
Orang National Park:
 Location: Sonitpur and Darrang district.
Dibru- Saikhowa National Park:  Area: 78.81 sq.km
 Location: Dibrugarh and Tinsukia  Set as sanctuary in 1985.
 Area: 340 sq.km.  Established as National Park on 13th April , 1999.
 Designated Biosphere Reserve in July 1997.  Rivers: Dhansiri, Pachnoi, Brahmaputra.
 Declared National Park on 9th March , 1999.  Wildlife: Great one-horned rhinoceros, elephant,
 River: Brahmaputra, Lohit , Dibru. Leopard, deer, tiger, water birds etc.
 Wildlife: Wild boar,tiger, deer , monkey, snake,
Wild horses etc.
Raimona National Park:
 Location: Kokrajhar.
 Area : 422 sq km.
 Declared a National Park on 8 June 2021.
 The present Raimona National Park was originally recommended as
Ripu-Chirang Wildlife Sanctuary being part of Ripu reserved forest
and Chirang reserved forest .
 Wildlife: Asian elephants, gaur or Indian "bison" , golden langur etc

Dehing Patkai National Park :

 location : Dibrugarh and Tinsukia.
 Area: 231.65 km.
 Declared a wildlife sanctuary on 13 June 2004
 Established as National Park in 9 June 2021. Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary was declared
as Dehing Patkai Elephant Reserve under Project Elephant.
 It is also known as ‘Jeypore Rainforest’ is a deciduous rainforest and has a very rich
diversity of flora and fauna.
 Wildlife: Assamese macaque, , pig-tailed macaque , monkey, capped langur hoolock ,
pangolin , dhole or Asian wild dog , cat, Bengal tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, Asian
elephant etc.
TIGER RESERVES…
The four tiger reserves of Assam have received accreditation by the National Committee of
Conservation Assured Tiger Standards (CATS) for maintaining a high standard of conservation.
 Kaziranga. (2008–09)
 Manas. (1973–74)
 Nameri (1999–2000)
 Orang tiger reserves. (2016)

ELEPHANT RESERVES
 Q. In which year Kaziranga National Park became a Tiger
reserve?
(তি বেৰি কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ টাইগাৰ তৰিাভত হৈ পতৰল)

a) 2007 b)2006
c) 2010 d) 2009

Ans: b) 2006
Q. Which National Park in Assam is the host for the wild water
buffalo?
(অসমৰ ককান্খ্ন্ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ বন্ৰীযা িলম’ৈৰ বাসস্থান্:)

a) Manas National Park b) Kaziranga NP

c) Dibru-saikhowa NP d) Manas NP

Ans: b)
Q. In which year Kaziranga was declared as a national park?

(ককান্ বেৰি কাজিৰঙাক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ তৈচাছপ ক াষণা কৰা

হৈতেল?)

a) 1967 b) 1975
c) 1974 d) 1972

Ans: c) 1974
Q. In which National park of assam , Swamp Deer are mostly found?
(অসমৰ ককান্খ্ন্ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ি , Swamp Deer কবতেকক কপাৱা িায ?)

a) Manas NP b) Kaziranga NP
c) Nameri NP d) Orang NP

Ans: b)
Q. Which protected area in Assam has the highest density of
rhino population ?
(অসমৰ ককান্ছটা সংৰতিি অঞ্চলি গঁড়ৰ িন্সংখ্যা সবাতিক ত
:)

a) Manas b) Kaziranga
c) Pobitora wildlife sanctuary d) Nameri

Ans: c)
Q. Brahmaputra river originates from which glacier?
(ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ ন্দ্ীৰ উৎপতি ককান্ছটা তৈমবাৈৰ পৰা ৈয)

a) Gangotri Glacier (গংছগাত্ৰী তৈমবাৈ ) b) Angsi Glacier (আংতে

তৈমবাৈ)

c) Bokhar Chu (কবাখ্ৰ চু) d) Rakshastal Lake (ৰািস্তল

হ্ৰদ্)

Ans: b) Angsi Glacier

 The Brahmaputra , also known as the Yarlung
Tsangpo in Tibet, the Siang/Dihang
River in Arunachal Pradesh
the Brahmaputra, Lohit, Siang, and Dihang in
India, and the Jamuna in Bangladesh.
 It is the 9th largest river in the world by discharge,
and the 15th longest in the world.
 It has origin in Angsi Glacier near the Manasarovar
Lake region , near Mount Kailash, on the northern
side of the Himalayas in Tibet where it is known as
the Yarlung Tsangpo River , it flows along southern
Tibet to break through the Himalayas in great
gorges and into Arunachal Pradesh.It flows
southwest through the Assam Valley as the
Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as
the Jamuna . In the vast Ganges Delta, it merges
with the Ganges, popularly known as the Padma in
Bangladesh, and becomes the Meghna and
ultimately enters into the Bay of Bengal.
 Brahmaputra and its tributaries
Tributaries from North bank Tributaries from South
bank
The Jiadhal The Noa Dehing
The Subansiri The Buridehing
The Siang The Debang
The Kameng (Jiabharali in The Dikhow
Assam)
The Dhansiri(North) The Dhansiri(S)
The Puthimari The Kopili
The Pagladiya The Digaru
The Manas The Dudhnai
The Champamati The Krishnai
The Saralbhanga

The Aie

The Sankosh
 Barak River is one of major rivers of South Assam.
 Barak (Meghna) River originates from Japvo mountain
of Manipur hills
 The Barak River flows through the states
of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India.
Further it enters Bangladesh where it is known by the
name of the Surma and the Kushiyara and later called
the Meghna before receiving the combined flow of the
Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It flows into the Bay of
Bengal via Bangladesh.
 Its total length is 900 km . In Assam, the Barak river has a
total length of about 225 km and it drains the southern
part of the state which includes the districts of Cachar,
Karimganj, Hailakandi and the southern part of the
North Cachar Hills.

 The principal tributaries of Barak are the Jiri, the

Dhaleswari, the Singla,the Longai, the Sonai and the
Katakhal.
Q. Total length of Brahmaputra in Assam:

(অসমি ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ মুঠ হদ্ য)ত

a) 560 b)1000
c) 720 d) 870

Ans: c) 720
 Q. Which divides the Brahmaputra basin with Barak basin?

(তিছয ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ অৱবাতৈকাক বৰাক অৱবাতৈকাছৰ ভাগ কছৰ:)

a) Karbi hills (কাতব পাৈাৰ)

ত b) Barail range (বৰাইল কৰঞ্জ)
c) Himalayas (তৈমালয ) d) Patkhai range (পাটখ্াই কৰঞ্জ)

Ans: b) Barail range

Q. What is the length of the Brahmaputra river in India?

(ভাৰিি ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ হন্ৰ হদ্ যত তকমান্?)

a) 2900 km b) 720 km
c) 916 km d) 500 km

Ans: c) 916 km
 Q. Which is the last tributary of Brahmaputra?

(ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ কেষ উপকন্ ককান্খ্ন্?)

a)Subansiri (সুবন্তেতৰ) b) Teesta (তিস্তা)

c) Dikhow (তদ্ছখ্ৌ ) d) Manas (মান্স)

Ans: b) Teesta
Q. What is the name of the Brahmaputra after entering
Bangladesh?
(বাংলাছদ্েি প্ৰছৱে কৰাৰ তপেি ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ ন্াম তক?)

a) Jamuna (িমুন্া) b) Meghna (কম ন্া)

c) Surma (সুৰমা ) d) Padma (পদ্ম)

Ans: a) Jamuna
Q. Which of the following is a headstream of Brahmaputra river?

(িলৰ ককান্ছটা ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ ন্দ্ীৰ মূৰৰ িাৰা)

a) Dikhou ( তদ্ছখ্ৌ ) b) Kameng (কাছমং)

c) Dihang (তদ্ৈাং) d) Dishang (দিচোাং)

Ans: c) Dihang
 Q. Which is the South bank tributary of Brahmaputra?

(ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ দ্তিণ পাৰৰ উপকন্ ককান্খ্ন্?)

a) Subansiri ( সুবন্তেতৰ ) b) Manas (মান্স)

c) Kopili ( কতপলী ) d) Aei (আই)

Ans: c) Kopili
Q. The Barak river originates from:

(বৰাক ন্দ্ীৰ উৎপতি হৈছে:)

a) Jaintia hills ( িযন্তীযা পাৈাৰ ) b) Barail range (বৰাইল)

c) Japvo peak (িাপছভা েৃংগ ) d) Mizo hills (তমছিা
পাৈাৰ)

Ans: c) Japvo peak

 Q. Which of following is the left bank tributary of Barak river?
(িলৰ ককান্ছটা বৰাক ন্দ্ীৰ বাওঁ পাৰৰ উপকন্)

a) Jiri River (জিৰী ) b) Madhura river (মািুৰা হন্)

c) SonaiRiver ( কসান্াই) d) Jatinga river (িাতিংগা)

Ans: c) Sonai
VEGETATION OF ASSAM…..
The vegetation of Assam is primarily of tropical type
covering areas of evergreen, semi-evergreen,
deciduous forests, grasslands and riverside forests.

Tropical Evergreen :
 Covers the districts of Tinsukia , Dibrugarh, Jorhat,
Golaghat Barail range area, cachar etc.
 Species: Hollong, teeta chapa, Makai , pams,
bamboos etc

Tropical Semi Evergreen :

 Covers the areas of Jorhat , Golaghat, Karbi
plateau , N.C Hills etc
 Species: Kadam, Nahar, Ou tenga etc
Tropical Moist Deciducious Forest:
Moist Deciduous Forests can further be described as Sal Forests and Mixed Deciduous
Forests. Sal Forests occupy considerable forest area in the Central and Lower parts of
the State in the Districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Kamrup, parts of Nalbari and Barpeta,
Darrang, Dhubri, Kokrajhar and Goalpara.
Species: Sal ,teak. Gamari, simul , khoir etc

Grass land and Savannahs are grass dominated biomes and form the major part
of vegetation in Kaziranga National Park, Pobitora, Orang, Sonai-Rupai,
Laokhowa, Barnadi, Burachapori, Dibru-Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuaries and some
part in Manas National Park
Q. Which type of forests found in Kaziranga National Park?

(কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয উদ্যান্ি ককান্ িৰণৰ বন্াঞ্চল কপাৱা িায)

a) Tropical Wet Evergreen b) Grass land and Savannahs

c) Mixed Deciduous Forests d) Sub-tropical hill forests.

Ans: b)
Q. Which type of forest is extensively found in Assam?

(অসমি ককান্তবি বন্াঞ্চল বযাপকভাছৱ কপাৱা িায)

a) Tropical Deciducious Forest b) Tropical evergreen

c) Tropical Wet Evergreen d) Grass land and Savannahs

Ans: a)
Q. What is the average rainfall required by the tropical evergreen forests?

(গ্রীষ্মমণ্ডলীয তচৰছসউি বন্াঞ্চলসমূৈৰ বাছব প্ৰছযািন্ গড় বৰষুণৰ পতৰমাণ

তকমান্?)

a) Above 200 cm b) Above 150 cm

c) Above 300 cm d) Above 350 cm

Ans: a)
Q. What is the State tree of Assam?

(অসমৰ ৰাজিযক বৃি তক:)

a) Segun b) Hollong
c) Bamboo d) Neem

Ans: b)
Q. Hollong tree is found in which type of forest?

(কৈালং গে ককান্তবি অৰণযি কপাৱা িায?)

a)Tropical Evergreen b) Grass land and Savannahs

c) Mixed Deciduous Forests d) Sub-tropical hill forests.

Ans: a)
NATURAL RESOURCES OF ASSAM
 Famous oil fields: Digboi, Rudrasagar, Naharkatia, Moran, Lakua
 Mineral etc.
 Forest  The three refineries: Digboi, Noonmati and Bongaigaon.
 Oil and Natural gas reserve: Asia’s first successfully mechanically
 Agriculture drilled oil well was drilled in Makum in way back in 1867. The first
 Water resources. commercially discovery of oil was made in 1889 at Digboi and this
also marked the beginning of Oil industry in India.
 Rajasthan is the largest producer of petroleum in India followed
by Gujarat and Assam.
 Assam is the largest natural gas-producing state in India. It
produces about 8.3 MMSMCD. About 13% of gas reserves are
found in Assam.
Other mineral resources:
 Iron Ore: Dhubri, Bilaspara at Chandragiri hills, Meghalaya foothills of Kamrup and Goalpara.

 Copper: Dhubri, Bagribari area, Kamrup , Karbi Anglong.

 Coal: Assam coal is high sulphur content and less carbon content. First mining of coal started in
Makum coal field (1865). Coalfields are located mainly in Upper Assam – Makum coal fields ,
Jaipur-Dilli , Naginimara coalfield etc.

 Limestone: Occurs mainly in Dima Hasao and Karbi-Anglong , Bokajan.

 Felspar: Ransali, Goalpara; Hahim , Karbi Anglong; Koilajan, Karbi-Anglong.

 Granite: Dhubri, Bongaigaon, Kokrajhar , Kamrup, Nagaon etc

 Silimanite: Karbi-angling.
FOREST RESOURCES…..

 The recorded forest area of Assam is 26,832 sq km accounting for 34.21% of its geographical area.
According to their legal status, Reserved Forests constitute 66.58% and Unclassed Forests 33.42%
of the total forest area.
 The State has 18 forest types belonging to five forest type groups viz Tropical Wet Evergreen,
Tropical Semi Evergreen , Tropical Moist Deciduous, Tropical Dry Deciduous and Sub Tropical Pine
Forests.
 The forest of Assam grow valuable trees like Sal , Peak Sisso, Simalu, Segun ,Khoir, Gamari etc.

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES….
 Assam's economy is fundamentally based on agriculture. Over 70 percent of the state's
population relies on agriculture as farmers, as agricultural laborers, or both for their livelihood.
 Assam produces both food and cash crops. The principal food crops produced in the state are rice
(paddy), maize (corn), pulses, potato, wheat, etc., while the principal cash crops are tea, jute,
oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, and tobacco.
 Tea is the most important cash crop in Assam and the state is well known world-wide for its tea.
 WATER RESOURCES…
 Assam is endowed with enormous water resources. The large perennial rivers and other
water bodies with the rich aquifer speak about vastness of its water resource.
 Surface water is available in the forms of river, stream, lake, swamps, pond etc. The state
is drained by the dance networks of two river system, viz the Brahmaputra and the Barak.
 There are about 73 important tributaries of the Brahmaputra river and 11 tributaries of
Barak river.
 Q. Which is the largest oil refinery in Assam?

(অসমৰ সববৃত ৈৎ কিল কোিন্াগাৰ ককান্ছটা?)

a) Lakwa (লাছকাৱা ) b) Moran (মৰান্)

c) Digboi (তিগকব ) d) Nahorkatiya (ন্াৈৰকটীযা)

Ans: c) Digboi
Q. The production of tea of Assam is how much of the tea in the world.

(অসমৰ চাৈ উৎপাদ্ন্ হৈছে তবশ্বি তকমান্ চাৈ।)

a) 1/3th b) 1/6th
c) 1/20th d) 1/7th

Ans: b) 1/6th
Q. The oldest sugar mills of Assam is located in which place?

(অসমৰ আটাইিকক পুৰতণ কচতন্ তমলছবাৰ ককান্ ঠাইি অৱতস্থি)

a) Baruabamun Gaon (বৰুৱাবামুন্ গাঁও) b) Baruahnagar (বৰুৱান্গৰ)

c) Rangpara (ৰংপাৰা ) d) Namrup (ন্ামৰূপ)

Ans: a)
Q. Which is the largest coal mine of Assam?

( অসমৰ সববৃত ৈৎ কযলা খ্তন্:)

a) Namdang coal fields (ন্ামদ্াং কযলা পথাৰ) b) Makum coal fields (মাকুম )

c) Dilli-Jaipur coal fields (তদ্ল্লী-িযপুৰ) d) None of these

Ans: b)
Q. Where is limestone found in Assam?

(অসমি ক'ি কপাৱা িায চূ ণতেল?)

a) Kamrup district (কামৰূপ) b) Goalpara (কগাৱালপাৰা)

c) Dibrugarh (তিব্ৰুগড়) d) Dima hasao (তিমা ৈাোও)

Ans: d)
THANK YOU