ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು

ಕರ್ನಾಟಿಕ್ ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು 18 ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಮಧ್ಯಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತದ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆದ

ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಸಂಘರ್ಷಗಳ ಸರಣಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಇದು ಭಾರತದ ಹೈದರಾಬಾದ್ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಅವಲಂಬನೆಯಾಗಿದೆ . ಮೊದಲ
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು 1740 ಮತ್ತು 1748 ರ ನಡುವೆ ನಡೆದವು.

ಘರ್ಷಣೆಗಳು ಹಲವಾರು ನಾಮಮಾತ್ರ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ

ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರರು ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಸಾಮಂತರು,
ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರದೇಶಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಹೋರಾಟಗಳನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತು ಮತ್ತು ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪನಿ
ಮತ್ತು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪನಿ ನಡುವಿನ
ರಾಜತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಹೋರಾಟವನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತು . "ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಮೊಘಲ್" ಗೆ ನಿಷ್ಠರಾಗಿರುವ ವಿವಿಧ
ವಿಘಟಿತ ರಾಜಕೀಯಗಳ ಸಹಾಯದಿಂದ ಅವರು
ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ಹೋರಾಡಿದರು .

ಈ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಗಳ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ, ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್

ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪನಿಯು ಭಾರತದೊಳಗಿನ
ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಕಂಪನಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ
ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿತು. ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಕಂಪನಿಯನ್ನು ಒಂದು
ಮೂಲೆಗೆ ತಳ್ಳಲಾಯಿತು ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕವಾಗಿ
ಪಾಂಡಿಚೇರಿಗೆ ಸೀಮಿತವಾಯಿತು . ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ
ಕಂಪನಿಯ ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯವು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ಭಾರತದ ಬಹುತೇಕ
ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಕಂಪನಿಯ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣಕ್ಕೆ
ಕಾರಣವಾಯಿತು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ರಾಜ್
ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಯಿತು .
ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು

ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಅವನತಿಯ ಭಾಗ , ಆಂಗ್ಲೋ -

ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಆಂಗ್ಲೋ - ಇಂಡಿಯನ್
ಯುದ್ಧಗಳು

The Carnatic Region of what is now

India

The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707. He

was succeeded by Bahadur Shah I, but there was
a general decline in central control over the empire
during the tenure of Jahandar Shah and later
emperors. Nizam- ul- Mulk established Hyderabad
as an independent kingdom. A power struggle 1748 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಪಾಂಡಿಚೇರಿಯ ಮುತ್ತಿಗೆಯ ಅಂತ್ಯ.
ensued after his death between his son, Nasir
ದಿನಾಂಕ 1744–1763
Jung, and his grandson, Muzaffar Jung, which
soon involved foreign powers eager to expand ಸ್ಥಳ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶ
their influence. France aided Muzaffar Jung while
ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ವಿಜಯ
Britain aided Nasir Jung. Several erstwhile Mughal
territories were autonomous such as the Carnatic,
ಯುದ್ಧಮಾಡುವವರು
ruled by Nawab Dost Ali Khan, despite being
under the legal purview of the Nizam of
ಮೊಘಲ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ಗ್ರೇಟ್
Hyderabad. French and British support soon
ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ [1] ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್
became intertwined with the affairs of the Nawab.
ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ
Dost Ali's death sparked a power struggle
ಹೈದರಾಬಾದ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್
between his son- in- law Chanda Sahib, supported
ನಿಜಾಮ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಈಸ್ಟ್
by the French, and Muhammad Ali, supported by
ಕಂಪನಿ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ
the British.[2] ಕಂಪನಿ
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ
One major instigator of the Carnatic wars was the ನವಾಬ
Frenchman Joseph François Dupleix, who arrived
in India in 1715, rising to become the French East ಬಂಗಾಳದ
India Company's governor in 1742. Dupleix sought ನವಾಬ
to expand French influence in India, which was
limited to a few trading outposts, the chief one ಕಮಾಂಡರ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ನಾಯಕರು
being Pondicherry on the Coromandel Coast.
ನಾಸಿರ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್
Immediately upon his arrival in India, he organized ಜಂಗ್ † ಫ್ರಾಂಕೋಯಿಸ್ ಕ್ಲೈವ್
Indian recruits under French officers for the first ಡ್ಯುಪ್ಲೆಕ್ಸ್ ಐರ್
time, and engaged in intrigues with local rulers to ಮುಜಾಫರ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಕೂಟ್
expand French influence. However, he was met by ಜಂಗ್ † ಆರ್ಥರ್, ಕಾಮ್ಟೆ
the equally challenging and determined young ಚಂದಾ ಡಿ ಲಾಲಿ
officer from the British Army, Robert Clive. ಸಾಹಿಬ್ † ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್
ಸಲಾಬತ್ ಗೊಡೆಹೆಯು
"The Austrian War of Succession in 1740 and later ಜಂಗ್
the war in 1756 automatically led to a conflict in ಸಿರಾಜ್
India...and British reverses during the American ಉದ್- ದೌಲಾ
†
War of Independence (1775–1783) in the 1770s
had an impact on events in India."[2]

ಮೊದಲ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧ (1746-1748)

Joseph François Dupleix meeting the

Nizam of Hyderabad Muzaffar Jung

In 1740, the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in Europe. Great Britain was drawn into the war
in 1744, opposed to France and its allies. The trading companies of both countries maintained cordial
relations in India while their parent countries were bitter enemies on the European continent. Dodwell
writes, "Such were the friendly relations between the English and the French that the French sent their
goods and merchandise from Pondicherry to Madras for safe custody."[3] Although French company
officials were ordered to avoid conflict, British officials were not, and were furthermore notified that a
Royal Navy fleet was en route. After the British initially captured a few French merchant ships, the
French called for backup from as far afield as Isle de France (now Mauritius), beginning an escalation
in naval forces in the area. In July 1746, French commander La Bourdonnais and British Admiral
Edward Peyton fought an indecisive action off Negapatam, after which the British fleet withdrew to
Bengal. On 21 September 1746, the French captured the British outpost at Madras. La Bourdonnais
had promised to return Madras to the British, but Joseph François Dupleix withdrew that promise, and
wanted to give Madras to Anwar- ud- din after the capture. The Nawab then sent a 10,000- man army to
take Madras from the French but was decisively repulsed by a small French force in the Battle of
Adyar. The French then made several attempts to capture the British Fort St. David at Cuddalore, but
the timely arrivals of reinforcements halted these and eventually turned the tables on the French.
British Admiral Edward Boscawen besieged Pondicherry in the later months of 1748, but lifted the
siege with the advent of the monsoon rains in October.[2]

With the termination of the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe, the First Carnatic War also came
to an end. In the Treaty of Aix- la- Chapelle (1748), Madras was given back to the British in exchange
for the French fortress of Louisbourg in North America, which the British had captured. The war was
principally notable in India as the first military experience of Robert Clive, who was taken prisoner at
Madras but managed to escape, and who then participated in the defence of Cuddalore and the siege
of Pondicherry. The French retained their position as the protectors of nizams of Hyderabad.

ಎರಡನೇ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧ (1749-1754)

Though a state of war did not exist in Europe, the proxy war continued in India. On one side was Nasir
Jung, the Nizam and his protege Muhammad Ali, supported by the British, and on the other was
Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French, vying to become the Nawab of Arcot.
Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot while Nasir Jung's subsequent death
allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon
killed, and Salabat Jung became Nizam. In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture
Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754,
which recognised Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. Charles Godeheu
replaced Dupleix, who died in poverty back in France.[2]

ಮೂರನೇ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಯುದ್ಧ (1757–1763)

The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French
and British forces in India. In this time the French were facing many financial problems. The Third
Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French
settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the British
successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by
the Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, Pondicherry fell to the
British in 1761.[2]
ನಂತರದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ
The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and
Pondicherry to France, and allowed the French to have trading posts in India, but forbade French
traders from administering them. The French agreed to support British client governments, thus
ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in
India.
ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ

The British surrender of Madras, The Siege of Arcot Robert Clive fires a cannon in the Siege
1746. (1751) was a major of Arcot.
battle fought
between Robert Clive
and the combined
forces of the Mughal
Empire's Nawab of
the Carnatic, Chanda
Sahib, assisted by a
small number of
troops from the
French East India
Company
French and English boats position near Pondicherry. Death of the Nawab Lally at Pondicherry.
French National Archives. Anwaruddin
Mohammed Khan in
a battle (battle of
Ambur) against the
French in 1749 (by
Paul Philippoteaux).

The Black Hole Jean Law's Memoire: Mémoires sur

of Calcutta, 20 quelques affaires de l'Empire Mogol
June 1756. 1756–1761 contains detailed
information about the campaign of the
Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and his
French allies against the British East
India Company.[4]
 English guns at the battle of Plassey, 23 June Nawab of Bengal, Mir
1757. Qasim at the Battle
of Buxar

Mughal artillerymen at Plassey during Stringer Lawrence

the Carnatic wars. and Nawab
Wallajah in
Madras[5]

ಸಹ ನೋಡಿ
French India

Salabat Jung

Hyder Ali

Anwaruddin Khan

ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು
1. Benians, Ernest Alfred; Newton, Arthur Percival; Rose, John Holland (1929). The Cambridge History of
the British Empire (https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ) . p. 126. Retrieved
 16 December 2014.

2. Naravane, M.S. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East India Company . A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.
pp. 150–159. ISBN 9788131300343.

3. Dodwell, H. H. (ed), Cambridge History of India, Vol. v.

4. "Niall Ferguson – Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World – Why Britain? 4/5" (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20210331201206/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRK1x3GSmYk) . Archived from the
original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRK1x3GSmYk) on 31 March 2021. Retrieved
28 September 2014 – via YouTube.

5. Palk Manuscripts , four-volume collection of the correspondence of Sir Robert Palk relating to Indian
affairs, Historical Manuscripts Commission: Report on the Palk manuscripts in the possession of Mrs
Bannatyne of Haldon, Devon, p.XII [1] (https://archive.org/stream/reportonpalkmanu00grearich/reporton
palkmanu00grearich_ djvu.txt)

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