Lecture 4 - Hvac

Week 5
HVAC
AIR-CONDITIONING
BY,
Dr. Omar Ismail
HVAC
Cooling Load
Heating Systems
HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation

• Cooling Load Sources
• Human Thermal Comfort
• External Heat Load
• Calculations
• Internal Heat Load
HVAC

• External Heat Load • Internal Heat Load
Heat Load Estimation = External Heat Load + Internal Heat Load

HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation Definitions

The British thermal unit (BTU) is a traditional unit of heat; it is
BTU defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
Latent heat is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases,

Latent & and solids. Sensible heat is related to changes in temperature of a
Sensible Heat gas or object with no change in phase. ‫الحرارة الكامنة والحرارة المحسوسة‬
HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation Definitions
Human Conditions at which most people are likely to feel comfortable most of the time.
Thermal • Temperature: 78⁰F (Summer) – 68⁰F(Winter).
Comfort • Relative Humidity: 30 %– 40%.
Remarks:
(32°F − 32) × 5/9 = 0°C
T db: Air temperature
T wb: is a measure of how

much moisture or water
vapor is present in the air.
HVAC

Input Data to Calculate :
1- Outside Temperature in max condition (Tdb)

2- Required Temperature for the room
3- Finishing for the Room (walls & floors)
5- Room dimension
6- Windows type (glass type)
7- Actual room orientation (north arrow)
8- Room Function
9- Lighting (watt per square meter)
10- Occupied load
11- Devises ( computers, ovens …..etc.)
12- Surrounded Rooms Function.
HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation External Heat Gain

1. Conduction Through Wall & Roofs
Qw = U x A x T
U – Overall heat transfer coefficient of the surface. (Btu/h.ft2.F)
A – Area of the surface. (ft2)
T – Dry bulb temperature difference across the surface.(F)
WHERE :
U = 1/R Total
T = Tdb out - Twb in
Remarks:
Thermal Resistance (R)
1ft = 0.304 m
1ft2 = 0.0929 m2
HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation External Heat Gain

2. Solar Radiation through Glass
Qg = A x SC x SCL
SC It is an expression used to define how much of the radiant solar

Shading Coefficient energy, that strikes the outer surface of the window, is actually
‫لتحديد مقدار الطاقة الشمسية المشعة‬ transmitted through the window and into the space.
SCL A factor used to estimate the rate at which solar heat energy radiates
Solar Cooling Load directly into the space, heats up the surfaces and furnishings, and is
Factor later released to the space as a sensible heat gain.
‫لتقدير المعدل الذي تشع به الطاقة الحرارية الشمسية مباشرة إلى الفضاء‬
HVAC External Heat Gain R Value Table
HVAC External Heat Gain R Value Table
HVAC External Heat Gain SC & SCL
HVAC
Cooling Load Calculation Internal Heat Gain

1. Heat Generated by People
CLF – Cooling Load Factor
QS = No: of people x Sensible Heat gain per person x CLF (Capacity of a space to absorb and
‫كسب الحرارة المعقول لكل شخص‬ store heat)
QL = No: of people x Latent heat gain / person

‫اكتساب الحرارة الكامنة‬
Assume CLF = 1.0
HVAC

2. Heat Gain From Lighting
QL = Btu /h x ballast factor x CLF

Ballast factor = 1.2 for fluorescent lights
Ballast factor = 1.0 for incandescent lights
Remarks:
Btu /h = 0.29 W
1W= 3.41 Btu
CLF range between 0.45 to 0.75

CLF = 1.0, if operation is 24 hours or if
cooling is off at night or during weekends.
The total light wattage is obtained from
the ratings of all lamps installed, both for
general illumination and for display use.
HVAC

3. Heat Gain From Equipment
HVAC

4. Heat Gain From Infiltration Air flow = (CFM) : cubic feet per minute
‫الحرارة نتيجة تسرب الهواء‬
Qs = 1.085 x Air flow x T T = Tdb out - Tdb in
w = humidity out - humidity in
QL = 0.70 x Airflow x W
The infiltration
rate : is the
volumetric flow
rate of outside air
into a building
HVAC
Heating Systems
HVAC
Heating Systems
HVAC
Heating Systems
* Underfloor heating Gas central heating system
It is installed under
Marble or Ceramic, to
warm the floor and the
room.
* Wall heating
It is attached to the wall

externally, to heat all of
the room.
HVAC
Heating Systems
The main component of the central
heating systems :
* Central boiler: deliver hot water in pipes

to the source of heating on the rooms manifold
two sources of heating:

1. Aluminum radiator
2. Underfloor heating pipes
1. Boiler
2. Piping network
3. Heat source
( Radiator or underfloor
heating pipes)
HVAC
Heating Systems
HVAC
Heating Systems
HVAC
Heating Systems
HVAC
Heating Systems
Week 5 - Exercise
Exercise
Week 5 - Exercise
Apply in your project
• Choose a space in your project and estimate the total cooing load
• Choose a space in your project and Design Heating System with Drawings

Lecture 4 - Hvac

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 4 - Hvac

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 4 - Hvac

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 5

Cooling Load Calculation

Cooling Load Calculation

Heat Load Estimation = External Heat Load + Internal Heat Load

Cooling Load Calculation Definitions

Latent heat is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases,

Cooling Load Calculation Definitions

(32°F − 32) × 5/9 = 0°C

T db: Air temperature

T wb: is a measure of how

Cooling Load Calculation

1- Outside Temperature in max condition (Tdb)

Cooling Load Calculation External Heat Gain

Thermal Resistance (R)

Cooling Load Calculation External Heat Gain

SC It is an expression used to define how much of the radiant solar

Cooling Load Calculation Internal Heat Gain

QL = No: of people x Latent heat gain / person

Cooling Load Calculation Internal Heat Gain

QL = Btu /h x ballast factor x CLF

CLF range between 0.45 to 0.75

Cooling Load Calculation Internal Heat Gain

Cooling Load Calculation Internal Heat Gain

* Underfloor heating Gas central heating system

It is attached to the wall

* Central boiler: deliver hot water in pipes

two sources of heating:

Apply in your project

You might also like