Institute of Technology of Cambodia Department of Electrical and Energy

Communicate and Interpersonal relation

HYDRO POWER
Lectured by: Dr. AM Sokchea
Mom Sokanyta e20210074 Nean Sreynin e20211309
Mov Sinai e20210547 Neang Chhenghorng e20210966
Abstract: Hydropower, a renewable energy source exploring the different types of hydropower systems
that harnesses the power of flowing water to generate and their potential impact on local ecosystems, these
electricity, has emerged as a key player in the abstract aims to shed light on the benefits and
transition to a more sustainable energy future. This challenges associated with this renewable energy
abstract provides a comprehensive overview of source. Furthermore, the role of hydropower in
hydropower, highlighting its environmental reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting
sustainability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. By global energy demand is examined, underscoring its
exploring the different types of hydropower systems significance in the context of climate change
and their potential impact on local ecosystems, these mitigation. With its promise of clean energy
abstract aims to shed light on the benefits and generation and long-term viability, hydropower
challenges associated with this renewable energy stands as a crucial component of the renewable
source. Furthermore, the role of hydropower in energy mix.
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting
global energy demand is examined, underscoring its Objective: The primary objective of harnessing
significance in the context of climate change hydropower is to generate clean and sustainable
mitigation. With its promise of clean energy electricity. By utilizing the force of moving water to
generation and long-term viability, hydropower produce power, hydropower provides a renewable
stands as a crucial component of the renewable energy source that can help reduce reliance on fossil
energy mix. fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
Additionally, hydropower projects can contribute to
energy security and diversification of energy sources,
as well as provide economic benefits through job
creation and infrastructure development. From an
environmental perspective, hydropower can also help
in mitigating the impacts of climate change by
providing a low-carbon alternative to traditional
energy sources.

Processing: In the beginning, A water reservoir, also

known as a water storage facility or water
impoundment, is a key component of a hydroelectric
Figure 1: Hydro Power power plant. A trash rack is a structure used in water
intake systems, such as those found in hydroelectric
Introduction: Hydropower, a renewable energy power plants and water treatment facilities. Its main
source that harnesses the power of flowing water to purpose is to prevent large debris, such as logs,
generate electricity, has emerged as a key player in branches, leaves, and other floating objects, from
the transition to a more sustainable energy future. entering the water intake and potentially causing
This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of damage to
hydropower, highlighting its environmental
sustainability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. By

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the equipment downstream with a gate that is a control and monitoring purposes. Servo motors:
physical or movable structure used to control the Control the position of valves, gates, or other
flow of water, fluids, or other substances in a mechanical components in the turbine. Solenoid
canal, waterway, or pipeline. Dams are structures valves: Electrically controlled valves for fluid
built to impound water and create reservoirs. flow regulation. Hydraulic actuators: Convert
They are used for a variety of purposes, including electrical signals into mechanical motion for
turbine control. Protection Devices: Relays
irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power
Automatically operate switches or other control
generation. After that, the water will flow into
elements to protect the turbine from overloads,
hydraulic turbine. On the contrast, the useless short circuits, and other electrical faults. Circuit
water will go to outlet discharge. The force of the Breakers: Interrupt electrical currents in case of
flowing water causes the turbines to spin, and the a fault or overload to protect the turbine and
kinetic energy of the moving water is converted connected equipment. Surge Safeguard:
into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy sensitive electronic components from voltage
is then used to turn a generator, which converts it surges or transient spikes in the electrical supply.
into electrical energy through the process of
electromagnetic induction. The electricity
generated by the hydroelectric plant is
transmitted through power lines to homes,
businesses, and other consumers. Throughout this
process, careful consideration of environmental
impacts is essential, including potential effects on
aquatic ecosystems, water quality, and local
communities. Measures such as fish ladders,
sediment management, and flow regulation are
often implemented to mitigate these impacts.

Figure 3: Electronic in turbine

Coil: A coil of wire wrapped around the core,

Figure 2: Processing of Hydro Power which carries the alternating current (AC) from
the input source. Surge arresters: Devices that
Electronic component protect the transformer from voltage surges and
spikes. Heat sinks: Metal plates or fins that help
Temperature sensors: Measure the temperature dissipate heat generated by the transformer.
of various turbine components to ensure they are Terminals: The points where the primary
operating within safe limits. Pressure sensors: winding is connected to the input source.
Monitor the pressure of water and other fluids Laminations: Thin sheets of magnetic material
within the turbine, helping to optimize (e.g., silicon steel) that are stacked together to
performance and prevent damage. Speed sensors: form the core. Core legs: The vertical sections of
Measure the rotational speed of the turbine shaft the core that the primary and secondary windings
to ensure it operates within safe and efficient are wrapped around. Yoke: The horizontal
limits. Flow rate sensors: Monitor the flow of section of the core that connects the core legs.
water through the turbine, providing data for Terminals: The points where the secondary

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winding is connected to the output load. seventh-largest producer) but nearly all electricity
Insulation: Materials (e.g., varnish, tape, or generated in Norway comes from hydro-power.
enamel) that electrically isolate the windings Brazil and Canada are also highly dependent on
from each other and from the core. Protective hydro-power. Other large hydro producers, such
coatings: Materials (e.g., paint or varnish) that as China and the United States, produce much
protect the transformer from environmental less hydroelectricity relative to the size of their
overall power sector.
Advantages: Hydroelectric power offers
numerous advantages as a renewable energy
source. It is sustainable and replenished by
natural water flow, making it environmentally
friendly. Compared to fossil fuel-based power
plants, hydroelectric plants produce minimal
greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a
cleaner environment and climate change
mitigation efforts.
Disadvantages: hydroelectric projects can have
. negative social impacts, such as the displacement
of indigenous communities. Factors like droughts
Figure 4: Electronic in transformer can also affect power generation. Despite these
challenges.
Result:
Conclusion: hydroelectric power is a valuable
source of renewable energy that offers numerous
benefits, including low greenhouse gas
emissions, reliable power generation, and energy
storage capabilities. However, it is essential to
acknowledge and address the disadvantages
associated with hydroelectric power, such as
environmental and social impacts, high initial
costs, limited geographical availability, and
dependence on water supply.
References:
https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/hydropower-
basics
https://www.dfliq.net/blog/electric-transformer/
Figure 5: Usage of Hydro Power
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower
Once hydroelectric dams are built, they run very
cheaply and generally provide reliable supplies of
electricity except during times of extreme
drought. Developed countries that have
substantial hydro resources have, by and large,
already utilized those resources to produce
electricity. In these countries, hydro-power
dominates the electricity supply system as shown
in the chart below. Norway leads the pack here
the amount of hydro-power that it produces is not
large in an absolute sense (it is the world’s

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