K.L.N.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, POTTAPALAYAM

(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai )
Department of Mathematics
20BS201 – Laplace Transform and Advanced Calculus
UNIT III VECTOR CALCULUS
PART – A
n
1.Find grad (r ) where 𝒓 ⃗
⃗ = x 𝒊 + y 𝒋 + z 𝒌 and r = |𝒓
⃗|
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
Solution: ∇r = (𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘⃗ ) r
n n
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
n-1 𝜕𝑟 n-1𝜕𝑟 ⃗ nrn-1𝜕𝑟
= 𝑖 nr + 𝑗 nr + 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑟
= nr (𝑖 𝑟 + 𝑗 𝑟 + 𝑘⃗ 𝑟) = nrn-1𝑟= nrn-2𝑟.
n-1

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  
2. Find the directional derivative of 4x 2 z + xy 2 z at (1,-1,2) in the direction of 2 i − j + 3 k.
Solution:  = 4x 2 z + xy 2 z
  
 = i + j +k = (8 xz + y 2 z )i + (2 xyz ) j + (4 x 2 + xy 2 ) k
x y z
     
 (1,−1,2) = (16 + 2) i + (−4) j + (4 + 1) k = 18 i − 4 j + 5 k
    
a = 2 i − j +3k ; a = 4 +1 + 9 = 14 .
   
a    2 i − j + 3 k 36 + 4 + 15 55
D.D =   .  = ( 18 i − 4 j + 5 k ) . = = .
a 14 14 14
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3. Find the directional derivative of ∅ = x2 + y2+z2 at the point P ( 1, 1, 1) in the direction of the
vector 𝒊 +2𝒋 + 2𝒌 ⃗ .
Solution: ∅ = x2 + y2+z2
∇∅ = 2x 𝑖 + 2y𝑗+ 2z 𝑘⃗ ⇒ (∇∅ ) ( 1, 1, 1) = 2 𝑖 + 2𝑗+ 2𝑘⃗ .
𝑎 = 𝑖 +2𝑗 + 2𝑘⃗ ⇒ |𝑎| = √1 + 4 + 4 = 3.
𝑎⃗ ⃗)
(𝑖 +2𝑗 + 2𝑘 10
Directional derivative = ∇∅. = (2 𝑖 + 2𝑗+ 2𝑘⃗).
|𝑎⃗|
= . 3 3

4.In what direction from (2, 1, -1) is the directional derivative of  ( x, y , z ) = x

2
y 2 z 4 maximum?
Solution: The directional derivative is maximum in the direction of ()(2,1,−1)

Let
 ( x, y, z ) = x 2 y 2 z 4
  
 = i +j +k
x y z
  
= 2 xy 2 z 4 ; = 2 x 2 yz 4 ; = 4x2 y 2 z3
x y z
 = i ( 2 xy 2 z 4 ) + j ( 2 x 2 yz 4 ) + k (4 x 2 y 2 z 3 )
( 2,1, −1) = 4i + 8 j − 16k
→ → →
Hence the directional derivative is maximum in the direction of 4 i + 8 j − 16 k
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5. Find the unit normal to the surface x2+ xy + z2 =4 at ( 1, -1, 2 )
Solution: ∅ = x2+ xy + z2 – 4
∇∅ = ( 2x + y ) 𝑖 + x 𝑗+ 2z 𝑘⃗ ⇒(∇∅ ) ( 1, -1, 2 ) = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 4 𝑘⃗ ⇒ |∇∅|= √18.
∇∅ ⃗
𝑖+𝑗+4𝑘
Unit normal vector 𝑛̂ = |∇∅| =
√18
6. Find the unit normal vector to the surface x 2 + y 2 = z at (1, -2, 5).
^ 
Solution : Let  ( x, y, z ) = x 2 + y 2 − z Unit normal vector to the surface  is n =

     
 = i +j +k = 2 x; = 2 y; = −1
x x z x y z

 = i ( 2 x ) + j ( 2 y ) − k (1, − 2,5) = 2i − 4 j − k

^  2i − 4 j − k
n= =
 21
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7. If ∅ is a scalar point function prove that curl (grad ∅ ) = 0 .
Solution:curl (grad ∅ ) = curl (∇∅ ) = ∇ × ∇∅
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
= (𝑖 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑗 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑘⃗ 𝜕𝑧) × (𝑖 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑗 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑘⃗ 𝜕𝑧 )
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜕 𝜑 𝜕 𝜑 𝜕 𝜑 𝜕 𝜑 𝜕 𝜑 𝜕 𝜑
= ||𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 || = 𝑖 (𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧 − 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧) − 𝑗 (𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧 − 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧) + 𝑘⃗ (𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 − 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 ) = 0 𝑖 − 0𝑗
⃗⃗⃗ + 0𝑘⃗ = 0
⃗
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
⃗ = 3 and curl 𝒓
8.Prove that div 𝒓 ⃗ = 0.
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
Solution: div 𝑟= ∇. 𝑟 = (𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘⃗ ) . (x 𝑖 + y 𝑗 + z 𝑘⃗) = 1+1+1 = 3.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕(𝑧) 𝜕(𝑦) 𝜕(𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥) 𝜕(𝑦) 𝜕(𝑥)
Curl 𝑟= ∇ × 𝑟 = | | = 𝑖 ( 𝜕𝑦 − ) − 𝑗 ( 𝜕𝑥 − ) + 𝑘⃗ ( 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦 ) = 0
⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
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9. If 𝐹 = xz3𝒊 – 2xy 𝒋 + xz ⃗𝒌 , find div 𝐹 and curl 𝐹 at (1, 2, 0).
Solution: 𝐹 = xz3𝑖 – 2xy 𝑗 + xz 𝑘⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
Div 𝐹 = ∇. 𝐹 =(𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘⃗ ) . (xz3𝑖 – 2xy 𝑗 + xz 𝑘⃗ )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= z – 2x+x =z – x
3 3

(∇ . 𝐹 )(1,2,0) = −1
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
Curl𝐹 = ∇ x 𝐹 = | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
| =𝑖(0 + 0) − 𝑗(𝑧 − 3𝑥𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘⃗ (−2𝑦 − 0) = 𝑗(3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑧) − 2𝑦𝑘⃗ .
3
𝑥𝑧 −2𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧
(∇ x 𝐹 )(𝟏,𝟐,𝟎) = −4 𝑘⃗.
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⃗ = x2𝒊 + y2𝒋 + z2⃗𝒌 is a conservative vector field.
10. Show that 𝑭
Solution: If 𝐹 is conservative then ∇ x 𝐹 = 0
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ x 𝐹 = | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
|
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑧 2

𝜕 2 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2
= 𝑖( (𝑧 ) − (𝑦 2 )) − 𝑗 ( (𝑧 2 ) − (𝑥 2 )) + 𝑘⃗ ( (𝑦 2 ) − (𝑥 ))
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
= 0 𝑖 − 0 𝑗 + 0 𝑘⃗ = 0
⃗
Hence, 𝐹 is a conservative vector field.
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11.Find the constant b such that ⃗𝑨⃗ = (bx+4y2z) 𝒊 + (x3 sin z – 3y)𝒋 – (ex + 4 cos x2y)𝒌 ⃗
is solenoidal.
Solution: Given∇. 𝐴 = 0
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
( bx + 4y2z) + 𝜕𝑦 (x3 sin z – 3y) + 𝜕𝑧 [– (ex + 4 cos x2y)] = 0
𝜕𝑥
b + (−3) = 0 ⇒ 𝑏 = 3 .
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  

12.If v = ( x + 3y) i + ( y − 2z) j + ( x + z)k is solenoidal, then find the value of  .
 
Solution: Given: v is solenoidal   . v = 0
 
. v = (x + 3y) +  (y − 2z ) +  (x + z )
x y z

 . v = 1+1+  = 0   = − 2.
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13.Is the position vector ⃗ = 𝒙𝒊 + 𝒚𝒋 + 𝒛𝒌
𝒓 ⃗ irrotational?
Solution: 𝑟 = x 𝑖 + y 𝑗 + z 𝑘⃗
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕(𝑧) 𝜕(𝑦) 𝜕(𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥) 𝜕(𝑦) 𝜕(𝑥)
∇ x 𝑟 = |𝜕 𝜕 𝜕| = 𝑖( − ) – 𝑗( − ) + 𝑘⃗ ( − ) = 0 𝑖 − 0𝑗 + 0𝑘⃗ = ⃗0.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⟹ ∇ × 𝑟 =⃗⃗⃗0 . Hence the position vector𝑟 is irrorational.
14. Find the values of a, b, c such that the following vector is irrotational
⃗𝑭 = ( x +2y + az ) 𝒊 + ( bx−3y−z) 𝒋+ (4x + cy+ 2z) ⃗𝒌.
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
Solution: curl 𝐹 = ∇ x 𝐹 = | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
|
x + 2y + az bx − 3y – z 4x + cy + 2z
= 𝑖( 𝑐 + 1) −𝑗( 4 − 𝑎) + 𝑘⃗ (𝑏 − 2)
Given: 𝐹 is irrotational ⇒ ∇ x 𝐹 = 0
= 𝑖( 𝑐 + 1) −𝑗( 4 − 𝑎) + 𝑘⃗ (𝑏 − 2)= 0 𝑖 + 0𝑗 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0
⃗⃗⃗ + 0𝑘 ⃗
𝐶 + 1 = 0 ; 𝑐 = −1
𝑎−4 = 0; 𝑎 = 4
𝑏– 2 = 0 ; 𝑏 = 2.
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15. If ⃗𝑭 = 𝒙𝟑 𝒊 + 𝒚𝟑 𝒋 + 𝒛𝟑⃗𝒌 , then find div curl ⃗𝑭.
Solution :Given 𝐹 = 𝑥 3 𝑖 + 𝑦 3𝑗 + 𝑧 3 𝑘⃗
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 = ∇x𝐹 = | | = 𝑖(0 − 0) − 𝑗(0 − 0) + 𝑘⃗ (0 − 0) = ⃗0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
3 3 3
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Hence, d𝑖𝑣𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 = 0 ⃗
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16. State Green’s Theorem in a plane.
Solution : Let R be a closed region of the xy- plane bounded by a simple closed curve c and if u and v are
 v u 
continuous functions of x and y having continuous derivatives in R. Then  udx + vdy =   − dxdy
C R 
x y 
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17. State Gauss Divergence Theorem
Solution: The surface integral of the normal component of a vector function taken over a closed surface s
enclosing a volume v is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of 𝐹 taken through the volume v
∬𝑆 𝐹⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝒏
̂ ds =∭𝑉 ∇. 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
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18. For any closed surface S, Prove that ∬𝑺 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒍𝑭 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝒏
̂ ds = 0
Solution: By Gauss’s Theorem
∬𝑆 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑛̂ds = ∭ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ( 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 ) dv = 0 . [since div (curl 𝐹 ) = 0]
𝑉
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19. State Stoke’s Theorem.
Solution: The line integral of the tangential component of a vector function 𝐹 (finite and differentiable )
around a simple closed curve C is equal to the surface integral of the normal component of curl 𝐹 over any
surface S having as its boundary. ∫𝐶 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟 = ∬𝑆 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝐹 . 𝑛̂ds

 (e
x
20. Evaluate by Stoke’sTheorem dx + 2y dy − dz) ,where C is the curve x 2 + y 2 = 4 , z = 2 .
C
  
Solution :Stoke’s theorem is  F . dr =  curl F. n̂ dS ...(1)
C s
      →   
Given: F . d r = e x dx + 2 y dy − dz  dr = i dx + j dy + kdz  F = e x i + 2y j − k
  
i j k
   
Curl F = = i (0 − 0) − j (0 − 0) + k (0 − 0) = 0
x y z
e x 2y − 1
 → 
curl F = 0   curl F. n̂ dS = 0
s
 
(1)   F . d r = 0
C

 (e
x
dx + 2 y dy − dz) = 0
C
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 PART – B

1.Find the angle between the surfaces𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑and 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟗 at (2,-1,2).

2.Find the angle between the surfaces𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏and 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒛 at (1,1,1).
3.Find the values of a and b so that the surfaces 𝒂𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒚𝒛 = (𝒂 + 𝟐)𝒙 and 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒛𝟑 = 𝟒 may
cut orthogonally at (1,-1,2).
4.Prove that ⃗𝑭 = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛)𝒊+(4y+zx)𝒋 − (𝟔𝒛 − 𝒙𝒚)𝒌 ⃗ is solenoidal as well as irrotational . Also, find
the scalar potential of ⃗𝑭.
⃗ is irrotational and find its scalar potential.
5.Prove that ⃗𝑭 = (𝒚𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒛𝟑 )𝒊+(2ysin x- 4 )𝒋 + (𝟑𝒙𝒛𝟐 )𝒌
⃗ and 𝒓 = |𝒓 𝟏
6.Prove that 𝛁 𝟐 (𝒓𝒏 ) = 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒓𝒏−𝟐 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒓 ⃗ = 𝒙𝒊 + 𝒚𝒋 + 𝒛𝒌 ⃗ | and hence 𝛁 𝟐 ( ).
𝒓
7. If ⃗𝑭 = 𝟑𝒙𝒚⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒊 -𝒚𝟐 𝒋 evaluate ∫𝐶 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟 where C is curve in the XY Plane y=2𝑥 2 from (0,0) and (1,2).

 (3x − 8y )dx + (4 y − 6xy) dy, Where C is the boundary

2
8.Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for
C
of the region defined by x=0 ,y=0,x+y=1.

 ( xy + y )dx + x 2 dy, Where C is closed curve of the

2
9.Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for
C
𝟐
region bounded by y=x and y=𝒙 .
10.Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for  (3x − 8 y 2 )dx + (4 y − 6 xy) dy, Where C is the boundary of
2

C
𝟐 𝟐
the region defined by𝒙 = 𝒚 , 𝒚 = 𝒙 .
11. Verify Green’s Theorem for ∫(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 in the rectangular region in XOY plane
bounded by the lines x=0, x=a, y=0and y=b
   
12.Verify the Gauss Divergence Theorem for F = 4 xzi − y 2 j + yzk over the cube bounded by
x=0,x =1,y= 0,y = 1,z = 0,z =1.   

13.Verify the Gauss Divergence Theorem for F = x 2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k over the cube bounded by
x=0,x =a,y= 0,y = b,z = 0,z =c.
14.Using Gauss Divergence Theorem, Evaluate ∬𝑺 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑭. 𝒏̂ 𝒅𝒔 where the vector function
F = ( x 2 − yz ) i + ( y 2 − xz ) j + ( z 2 − xy )k and S is the surface formed by x=0,x =1,y= 0,y = 2,
z = 0,z =3.   

15.Verify the Gauss Divergence Theorem for F = y i − x j + z 2 k over the cylinder region bounded by
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗, 𝒛 = 𝟎and 𝒛 = 𝟐.
16.VerifyStoke’s Theorem for F = ( x 2 − y 2 ) i + 2 xy j in the rectangular region in XOY plane bounded
by the lines x=0, x=a, y=0and y=b.
17.Using Stoke’s Theorem ,Evaluate 𝑭 ⃗ = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒊 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒋 taken around rectangular region
bounded by the lines x=±a, y=0and y=b.
18.Verify Stoke’s Theorem for ⃗𝑭 = (𝒚 − 𝒛 + 𝟐)𝒊 +(yz+4)𝒋 − 𝒙𝒛𝒌 ⃗ over the open surfaces of the cube
x=0, y=0, z=0 , x=2, y=2, z=2 not included in XOY plane.
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