Book Premium
Book Premium
Book Premium
ASSIS. É PROIBIDA A REPRODUÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL, POR QUALQUER MEIO OU PROCESSO, INCLUSIVE ÀS CARACTERÍSTICAS
GRÁFICAS E/OU EDITORIAIS. A VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS AUTORAIS CONSTITUI CRIME (Código penal, art. 184, e Lei nº 6.895, de
17/20/1980), SUJEITANDO-SE A BUSCA E APREENSÃO E INDENIZAÇÕES DIVERSAS (Lei nº 9.610/98).
To the student:
Finally, it’s important to reinforce that the study of any language cannot be
limited to a range of a lesson per week. At ASAP you will have all the tools
and orientation you need to improve your English daily basis proactively.
Use these tools with dedication and, soon enough, you will be amazed by
what the combination of hard work and the perfect tools can do. Take the
best from this opportunity!
Sincerely,
1. How the initiative of studying English has changed your life so far?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which individual actions you think were effective during your learning process?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you think people should rely only on technology (apps, websites, Youtube, etc.) to
study English? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you think about any “non technological way” to study and improve your English? List
them below:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Discuss with the class and list below the approaches you usually use outside the
classroom to sharpen your English basic skills (reading, writing, speaking and listening):
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5
Unit 1
1 A new study suggests some language learning can take place during sleep. Researchers from
Switzerland’s University of Bern say they discovered people were able to learn new language words
during deep levels of sleep. Results of the study recently appeared in the publication Current Biology.
Sleeping hours are generally considered unproductive time. But several studies have suggested some
learning activity can happen. Studies involving mice provided evidence that sleep learning is possible in
the brain of mammals.
2 Other human studies, the Swiss researchers said, found that simple learning through sounds may be
possible during sleep. But they added that “complex verbal learning” has not yet been demonstrated.
Much of the earlier research found that memories made when people were awake were reinforced and
strengthened during sleep. This supported the idea that information learned while awake is replayed and
deeply embedded in the sleeping brain.
3 The researchers theorised that, if replay during sleep improves the storage of information that is
learned while awake, the processing and storage of new information should also be possible during
sleep. The research group was led by Katharina Henke, a professor at the University of Bern and
founder of the school’s Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory. The researchers carried out
experiments on a group of young German-speaking men and women. The experiments centred on
periods of deep sleep called “up-states.” They identified these slow-wave peaks as the best moments for
sleep-learning.
4 During normal sleep, human brain cells are commonly active for a short period of time before they
enter a state of brief inactivity, the researchers said. The two states are continuously changing. The
researchers observed individuals in a controlled environment during brief periods of sleep. They
recorded brain activity as pairs of words were played for the study subjects. One word in the pair was a
real German word. The other was a made- up foreign word.
5 For later identification purposes, the German words chosen were things clearly larger or smaller than
a shoebox. Each word pair was played four times, with the order of the words changed each time. The
researchers said the word pairs were played at a rhythm that is similar to actual brain activity during deep
sleep. The goal was to create a lasting memory link between the false word and the German word that
individuals could identify when awake. When the subjects woke, they were presented with the false
language words – both by sight and sound. They were then asked to guess whether the false word
played during sleep represented an object smaller or larger than a shoebox. During this part of the
experiment, some of the subjects had their brain activity recorded by magnetic imaging technology. This
was meant to measure brain activity when the subjects were giving their answers to the questions.
6 Results of the study found that a majority of subjects gave more correct answers about the sleep-
learned words than would be expected if they had only guessed at random. The researchers said they
measured increased signals affecting a part of the brain known as the hippocampus. This brain structure
is very important for building relational memory during non-sleep periods. The researchers said memory
was best for word pairs presented during slow-wave peaks during sleep. The study suggests that
memory formation in sleep appears to be caused by the same brain structures that support vocabulary
learning while awake. The researchers say more studies are needed to support their findings. However,
the experiments do provide new evidence that memories can be formed and vocabulary learning can
take place in both conscious and unconscious states.
Bryan Lynn and Ashley Thompson
February 26, 2019 - VOAnews
65
Unit 1
Reading Comprehension
3. Summarise with your own words what the researches theorised in paragraph 3:
4. Describe with your own words what the researches informed in paragraph 4:
5. Give the number of the paragraphs that bring the following ideas:
a.Introduction
b. development of the subject
6. Listen to the extract of the text and write below its main ideas (Audio 02 from 00:00s)
7
Unit 1
1. Now read the situations and write sentences from the words in parentheses:
8
7
Unit 1
2. Write three sentences using past perfect related to your reality. Thing about actions that
happened before you did something in the past:
Finish
See
Go
Visit
Call
Eat
Make
Drive
9
Unit 1
1. Who are probably the person who greets the four people?
10
Unit 1
4. How do you usually like your meat, rare, medium or well done?
5. In you point of view, is there any problem to eat rare meat? Why?
7. Role play a situation in which you go out to a restaurant with your friends. Use the menu
below to help you.
Meats
Beef: the flesh of cattle (= cows), eaten as food
Pork: meat from a pig, eaten as food
Chicken: the meat of this bird that is cooked and eaten
Lamb: the flesh of a young sheep eaten as meat
Turkey: the flesh of this bird used as food
Fish: the flesh of these animals eaten as food
Duck: the meat of this bird
Shrimp: a very small sea creature similar to a prawn but smaller, or its flesh eaten as food
Prawn: a small sea animal with a shell and ten legs, that can be eaten
11
Unit 2
You are about to read an article about the D-Day, one of the most
important events on WWII. First let’s discuss about the topic. Feel
totally free to express your thoughts. Write some guide lines and
answer the questions below
3. What do you think about human conflicts for territory? Do they still happen nowadays?
Would you be able to give examples?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is your opinion about nuclear weapons? Are they “a necessary evil” or an
unnecessary thing?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Discuss with the class the theme “peace x war”. What are the reasons nowadays that can
lead a civilised society into war:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
13
Unit 2
1 The Normandy landings of Operation Overlord during World War II - codenamed Operation
Neptune but most commonly known as D-Day—took place on June 6, 1944. On this day,
approximately 156,000 Allied troops crossed the English Channel in a massive amphibious
military assault, breaking through the Germans’ extensively fortified Atlantic Wall to begin the
invasion of German-occupied France.
Preparation
2As early as 1942, the Allies were considering an invasion of northwestern France, which had
been occupied by Germany since 1940. Aware of this threat, Adolf Hitler ordered the construction
of the “Atlantic Wall,” which consisted of landmines, bunkers, and other obstacles to fortify 2,400
miles of French coast.
3
In mid-1943, the Allies made definite plans for an Allied invasion the following year, to be
headed by American general Dwight Eisenhower. The highly secret invasion of Normandy was
scheduled to begin June 5, but due to poor weather it was postponed until the following day.
Invasion
4 In the predawn hours before the beach landings, thousands of American, British, and Canadian
paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines on the eastern and western flanks of the landing
zones. Their objective was to secure roads and bridges, which would both hinder the Germans’
ability to counterattack as well as facilitate the progress of the landing forces off the beaches.
5 The Allied landings on the beaches began at 6:30 a.m. American, British, and Canadian infantry
divisions landed along a 50-mile stretch of Normandy coast on five beaches: Utah (assigned to
the Americans), Omaha (Americans), Gold (British), Juno (Canadians), and Sword (British). Allied
troops faced German resistance on all beaches, but the bloodiest fighting was on Omaha.
Aftermath
6 By the night of June 6, all five beaches had been captured, and the Allies had made progress
in pushing their way inland. In total, about 156,000 infantrymen, 13,000 aircraft, and 6,000 ships
participated in D-Day, and more than 4,000 Allied troops were killed.
7 Over the following 2 ½ months, the Allies fought their way through northern France. The Battle
of Normandy was considered complete at the end of August, with the liberation of Paris and the
retreat of German forces across the River Seine. The success of D-Day and the following
Normandy campaign directly influenced the Allies ability to liberate Western Europe from German
control.
Author Unknown
14
Unit 2
Reading Comprehension
3. Find in paragraph 3, the reason that led to the decision of postponing the operation:
4. Reread the paragraph 4 and explain the reason for the Allies to use para shooters:
5. Without using a dictionary, try to explain the meaning of the adjective amphibious
in paragraph 1:
6. Use a dictionary and write down 3 synonyms for the verb “to retreat” in paragraph 7:
7. TRUE or FALSE
- Overload was a codename for the operation in Normandy ( )
- The operation had to be postponed due weather conditions ( )
- America, Britain and Canada were members of the operation ( )
- The resistance that the Allied troops faced were harsh ( )
- The operation had direct effect on the success of the Allies against German troops ( )
8. It’s time to build vocabulary! Write all the words in the text you didn’t know, look them on the
dictionary and write example sentences with them. Don’t copy the examples from the
dictionary
15
Unit 2
16
Unit 2
The woman who lives next door is an actress. Where is the slice of cake which was in the fridge?
The woman who lives next door is an actress. Where is the slice of cake which was in the fridge?
The woman that lives next door is an actress. Where is the slice of cake that was in the fridge?
17
Unit 3
1. Are you a vegetarian? Is there any in your family? Would you consider the idea of
becoming a vegetarian one day?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. In your point of view, what are the reasons for someone to become vegetarian?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Would you know how to replace meat protein in your daily life?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Do you know the Portuguese saying “Se sentindo como um boi indo para o abate”? If yes,
try to explain its idea in English:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
19
Unit 3
1 Vegetarianism is growing in popularity in a lot of countries. And now, South Africa is one of
them.Today, more and more South Africans are experimenting with the vegetarian way of life by
cutting all meat out of their diet. Others are exploring veganism. Vegans are similar to vegetarians
but they avoid all animal-based products, including milk and eggs. Some vegans do not eat honey.
2 A Google Trends report puts South Africa at 14th around the world in searches for the word
"vegan," the only African nation to be listed so high.There is no official count of how many vegans
there are in South Africa. But the interest has led to the birth of vegetarian and vegan restaurants in
Johannesburg, the nation's economic center.
3 Dayalan Nayagar is 41-years-old and works as a financial advisor. He says he decided to change
his diet in 2019 after being a meat-eater his whole life. "And I got introduced to this whole new way
of eating, you know healthy, eating organic-type food from plants and I couldn't believe it. Like I said,
[it] blew my mind and I got fully involved into it and haven't turned back." But the owners of one of
Johannesburg's newest and most popular vegan eateries say vegans do not owe anyone an
explanation.
4 Banesa Tseki is one of two owners of Nest Space, a vegan café and yoga space. She says people
have given her warnings about veganism. For example, someone told her she would “definitely die.”
“All I’m trying to do is live a life that’s sustainable for me and that makes me happy.” Her business
partner, Anesu Mbizvo, is a medical doctor. Mbizvo says science supports a vegan diet. Both she
and co-owner Tseki teach yoga and said they feel stronger and better since cutting meat from their
diet.
5 But veganism can be a lonely road for many South Africans.The country is Africa’s top consumer
of meat from cows, pigs and sheep, based on information from the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development. Many South Africans express shock at the thought of giving up meat,
which is central to celebrations and spirituality. This is an issue for many African vegans, including
Anesu Mbizvo. "In African culture, a big part of a family's net worth is their livestock. Their livestock
define the wealth of a family. And so when you slaughter an animal at a gathering, it's seen as you
giving of yourself." But offering home-grown vegetables, she added, would not be considered as
valuable. She said, “I think that's one of the barriers to veganism for people of African cultures." But
she also understands giving up meat can have undesirable effects on some lives. Her father heads a
large farm in Zimbabwe and employs many members of the community. If he cut out his meat
business, she says, all of those people would lose their jobs.
6 Some South Africans are finding their path somewhere in the middle. Thirty-one-year-old Thandiwe
Ngubeni is a communications specialist. She still eats meat — but less and less of it as time goes by.
She says "I feel way more energised when I eat a vegetarian or vegan meal. It actually just gives me
more energy.” Ngubeni said the vegan food does not cause a heavy feeling in her stomach.
Tseki – the co-owner of Nest Space – has been vegan since 2017 and supports the slow method.
She said there is no right way of cutting back on meat and animal products. Doing so has a lot of
benefits but it’s “a choice only you can make.”
20
Unit 3
Reading Comprehension
3. According to paragraph 2, what was the consequence of the increasing interest in veganism
in South Africa?
4. According the informations paragraph 4, how Tseki started to feel after quitting meat?
5. Describe with your own words the challenges faced by the “new vegans” in South Africa
mentioned in paragraph 5.
21
Unit 3
22
Unit 3
23
Unit 3
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs that consist of a verb and a preposition or adverbs or particle,
which adds to its meaning. Some of the phrasal verbs are easy to understand, for example, fall down
because the verb and the preposition has the same meaning. Other such as take after are more
difficult to understand because the preposition after is not used in one of its common sense. Many
phrasal verbs such as get back, get away, and get off have several meanings, literal and metaphorical.
We strongly suggest the study of Phrasal Verbs using dictionary.
24
Unit 3
The present perfect continuous is used to express the duration of an activity that is in progress.
- It has been raining for you hours.
- Paul went to Victoria. He has been driving for five hours up to now.
Past
Now
1. Complete these sentences using the present perfect or the present perfect continuous:
a. The library isn’t far away from here. I (walk) _________ there several times.
b. How long (live) _________ in the city?
c. I (write) ______________ since I came here.
d. I (study) ______________ English at ASAP for 1 year.
e. I (work) ______________ since 7.00 this morning.
2. Write four sentences about you, describing any experience, work, study, etc. using the present
perfect continuous tense:
25
Unit 4
You are about to read an article about the relation between a good
sleep and injury levels during exercising. But first, let’s discuss
about the topic. Feel totally free to express your thoughts. Write
some guide lines and answer the questions below
1. Do you regularly practise physical exercises? If yes, what kind of exercises you practise?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think it’s mandatory to get instructions from a professional before starting an
exercise routine?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Discuss with the class the benefits of a well planed routine of exercises:
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. In your opinion, why is it so difficult for some people to build an exercise routine?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which factors you think are important to take in consideration before starting an exercise
routine?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. What do you know about the relation of good sleeping and exercising?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
27
Unit 4
1 A new study suggests that healthy adults who get at least eight hours of sleep a night may be
less likely to experience common exercise-related injuries.The study was based on information
from over 7,500 United States soldiers in the Army’s Special Operations Forces. About 95 percent
of the study subjects were men. The researchers found that soldiers who got no more than four to
five hours of sleep a night were over two times as likely to report bone or muscle injury in the last
year than those who slept eight hours or longer.
2 Tyson Grier is with the U.S. Army Public Health Center in Maryland. He was one of the writers of
the study. He said that getting enough sleep not only improves physical performance among active
people, but it "may also...have a positive impact on musculoskeletal injury prevention.” During the
yearlong study, more than half of the soldiers said they had experienced at least one
musculoskeletal injury.
3 Most study subjects – about 63 percent – reported getting six to seven hours of sleep a night.
About 10 percent reported getting no more than four hours. Only 16 percent got eight hours or
more. Compared to those who reported eight hours of sleep or more each night, soldiers who slept
seven hours were 24 percent more likely to experience a musculoskeletal injury.The risk climbed as
the hours of sleep dropped, with a 53-percent greater injury risk at six hours of sleep. At five hours
of sleep, the risk of injury was two times greater.
4 In the Army, two-thirds of injuries are from musculoskeletal overuse. Most are caused by physical
training or repetitive activities, the research team wrote in the study, which was published in Sleep
Health. About 42 percent of Army soldiers report an average of five hours of sleep or less each
night. The study notes that making sure soldiers get enough rest could be a way to reduce injury
risk.
5 One limitation of the study is that researchers depended on soldiers reporting how long they slept
each night. And, additional research would be needed to test whether increasing sleep time really
reduces injuries. Dr. Hohui Wang is with the University of California, San Francisco. He was not
involved in the study. He said that getting too little sleep leads to decreased attention and mental
energy, which can lead to people being more likely to get hurt. Wang added that sleep loss causes
“cell damage in multiple organs.” Getting extra sleep might help reverse this cell damage over time.
6 Most people are healthiest and perform their best with seven to nine hours of sleep a night, said
Captain Jeffrey Osgood. He is with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Maryland. He
was not involved in the study. Osgood offered suggestions for how people can get more – and
better-quality – sleep. He advises the following: “Try to avoid caffeine, nicotine, and exercise in the
hours leading up to sleep; avoid using alcohol as a sleep aid; don’t go to bed hungry; try to keep
your bedroom dark and quiet; use sleep masks and/or earplugs if needed; and keep your
smartphone/devices out of bed.”
28
Unit 4
Reading Comprehension
2. In paragraph 1 the authors start the text giving a summary of the study later analysed in the text.
Write a new introduction paragraph, but instead of presenting the study try to call the attention of the
reader in another way, e.g., presenting questions about the subject sleeping x exercising:
3. According to the results presented in paragraph 3, what is the connection between sleeping hours
and chances of exercises-related injuries?
4. According to the informations in paragraph 3, what would be a good strategy to reduce injuries?
Which parts of the text does the Which parts of the text does the
listening include? listening include?
29
Unit 4
Match the meaning of the idiomatic expressions below using the figures as reference
to guess the meaning of each one
SEM
To drop in
Passar sem
Fofocar
Deixar um bilhete
Visitar sem avisar
Desaparecer aos poucos
Now, write a sentence with each one of the idiomatic expressions above and share them
with your classmates:
30
Unit 4
31
Unit 4
Lesson 4 - Grammar in focus
Relative clause I wanted to see him Object of the verb in the relative clause!
32
Unit 4
Lesson 4 - Grammar in focus
33
Unit 5
2. What are the worst and the best hours to drive in your city?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Does public transportation work in a satisfactory way in your city? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is your opinion on the use of alternative means of transportation, like bikes and
phone apps?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. In your point of view, phone apps for lifts contribute to heavy traffic in your city? Explain
how:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
35
Unit 5
1 Vehicle traffic is getting worse in the United States and many cities in the world, a recent study
has found. But new policies in some cities have proven effective in reducing the number of
vehicles on the road. By cutting automobile travel, many cities are also cutting releases of
pollutive waste gases and shortening the time it takes for people to get to work.
2 However, overall, drivers in 2019 spent more time trapped in traffic than in past years. INRIX
Inc., a private business that studies transportation, released its yearly report on traffic last week.
INRIX ranked congestion in more than 900 cities worldwide. In the United States, the report
found that on average drivers lost 99 hours last year because of traffic congestion. That is an
increase of two hours from 2017. The report also says congestion cost drivers nearly $88 billion
in 2019, or an average of $1,377 each.
3 For the second year in a row, Boston, Massachusetts topped the list as the most congested
city in the U.S. The average commuter lost 149 hours a year to traffic. That cost each driver
$2,205 for time lost in congestion.Coming up behind Boston on the U.S. list was Chicago,
Illinois; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York City, New York and Washington, D.C. Los
Angeles, California historically has been known for bad traffic. But it ranked sixth in this report.
Researchers say usual congestion does not have the same effect there because the area is so
large and has a huge road system.
4 Worldwide, Bogota, Colombia, topped the list as the most congested city, with drivers losing
191 hours a year. Right behind was Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, with 190. Mexico City was third with
158 hours lost a year, followed by Istanbul, Turkey with 150. Behind them were São Paulo,
Rome, Paris, London, Boston and Chicago.
5 Overall, the most congested cities are older cities or those growing quickly, INRIX reports. The
company says this shows that very fast urbanisation is taking place in Latin America. And, INRIX
says, some cities in Europe are not well-designed for automobile use.The report found Wichita,
Kansas, had the lowest levels of congestion. Drivers there lost less than two hours a year in
traffic.
6 INRIX collected and studied location data from car makers, mobile apps and freight drivers.
The data did not identify drivers themselves. Trevor Reed, an INRIX researcher wrote the report.
He said congestion fees on drivers in the British and Swedish capitals, and in Singapore, have
reduced car traffic considerably. New York plans to add congestion fees in 2021. It would be the
first U.S. city to do so. The fees might lead to fewer cars on roads. Chicago and Los Angeles are
studying possible use of such fees.
36
Unit 5
Reading Comprehension
4. According to paragraph 3, the author makes a relation between hours spent in traffic and money
loss. Explain with your own words how the reason for this:
5. According to paragraph 3, explain why cities like Los Angeles, California, although the bad traffic
doesn’t show the same effects observed in cities like New York City, New York and Washington D.C.
6. According to paragraph 5, INRIX repots that older cities and cities growing quickly have the
most congested traffic. Which would be the reasons for that?
7. In your opinion, congestion fees are the right solutions for traffic problems in Brazil? Explain:
37
Unit 5
4. In pairs, discuss and write your answers for the questions below:
b. Is there any advantages on leaving the shopping to the last time? Give examples:
e. Have you ever had problems going shopping during Christmas time? Which kind of problems?
f. Are you a football fan? Which player would you like to see in your team?
38
Unit 5
Conditional Sentences
Type 2
As you know, conditional sentences have two parts: the if clause and the main clause. There are
three kinds of conditional sentences and some variations are possible but, for the time being, you
should concentrate in the basic forms.
This kind of sentence implies that the action in the if clause is quite probable.
Construction
If + subject + verb (past simple) + complement , subject + would + verb (infinitive) + Complement
Or
Subject + would + verb (infinitive) + Complement + If + subject + verb (past simple) + complement
39
Unit 5
Conditional Sentences
Type 2
1. Now, complete the sentences below with the verb in brackets in the right form:
a. If I studied English harder, I ________ (speak) much better.
b. If I sold my car, I ________ (not get) enough money for it.
c. If I had a million dollars, I ________ (buy) a Ferrari.
d. If I knew how to swim, I ________ (enter) the swimming competition.
e. She would go to Florida if she _________ (get) a Visa.
f. Mary would go to your party if you _________ (invite) her.
g. Peter would be angry if you _________ (not invite) him to come with us.
h. Marcus would do this job if you _________ (ask) him.
i. Mel would lose some weight if she ___________ (do) more exercises.
40
Unit 6
3. In your opinion, why people of young age are more likely to learn quickly how to use new
technology?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which are the advantages and the disadvantages of smartphones in our daily life?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. How the technology has been changing the way we interact with each other? Explain:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Would you be able to quit the use of smartphones for 30 days? Explain your answer:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
42
Unit 6
1 Many Americans use smartphones for most or all of their day-to-day communication activities.
One result is that people have gotten faster and better at typing emails and text messages on their
phones. But how fast are we at using an electronic device compared to typing words on a
traditional, physical keyboard? A new study has some answers. A team of researchers carried out
an experiment. It involved more than 37,000 volunteers from over 160 countries.
2 The study was a project of researchers from Finland’s Aalto University, England’s University of
Cambridge and ETH Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. They used an Internet-
based system to test the typing speed of people on their smartphones. On average, the volunteers
estimated they spent about six hours a day using their phones. The majority said they used two
thumbs to write messages. Both Android and iPhone users were tested, and most said they used
the device’s standard keyboard. The volunteers were given 15 English sentences to type out on
their phones “as quickly and accurately as possible.” The research team found that on average,
people wrote about 36 words per minute. Those tested made a typing mistake 2.3 percent of the
time.
3 The researchers noted that 36 words per minute is about 25 percent slower than the average rate
for people using a computer keyboard. In a 2018 University of Cambridge study, the average speed
for computer typists was about 52 words per minute. The researchers noted one reason for the
narrowing of speed rates between smartphones and computers. They said people have become
slower at typing on keyboards over the years. Seventy-five percent of those taking part in the study
had typing speeds below 44 words per minute. But the fastest phone typists reached speeds of
over 80 words per minute.
4 The published results show there was no difference between males and females in the typing
speeds. Subjects who reported using two thumbs or two fingers reached speeds of 38 words per
minute. Those who said they used only one finger typed 29 words per minute. Among age groups,
the fastest typists on an electronic device were between 10 and 19 years old. They typed nearly 40
words per minute. People aged 40 to 49 wrote about 29 words per minute. And the rate dropped to
26 words per minute for those aged 50 to 59.
5 Anna Feit, a researcher at ETH Zurich, helped lead the study. She said it makes sense that
younger people have higher typing speeds because they generally spend a lot more time on their
devices. "Such a large amount of experience transfers to the development of typing skill,” Feit said.
“And explains why young people - who spend more time with social media, communicating with
each other - are picking up higher speeds."
6 The researchers also found that a phone’s automatic correct tool can be extremely helpful. Users
were able to type faster than those without the correct tool. But word prediction tools were not very
helpful to users in the experiment, noted Aalto University researcher Sunjun Kim.“The given
understanding is that techniques like word completion help people,” Kim said. “But what we found
out is that the time spent thinking about the word suggestions often outweighs the time it would take
you to type the letters, making you slower overall.”
7 The researchers call the difference between typing words on a smartphone and a physical
keyboard "the typing gap." They predict this gap will further narrow in the future as people get less
skilled with keyboards and as smart methods for typing on devices continue to improve.
Credits: Authors: Bryan Lynn and
George Grow
October 09, 2020 - VOAnews
43
Unit 6
Reading Comprehension
5. Summarize the main idea of each one of the seven paragraphs in one sentence. Then use
your sentences as guide line to retell the contents of the text to the rest of the class in your own
words
44
Unit 6
1. There have been considerably changes on the way we communicate during the last
decade.
5. How often do you use your smartphone for a conventional phone call?
8. Observe the images below. Discuss the meaning and the relevance of what each one
represents
45
Unit 6
Present perfect Ted has done the job. The job has been done by Ted.
Observe that all the passive verbs are formed with any tense of verb to
be + past participle.
Remember that regular verbs end in ed and some past participles are
irregulars. Ex: went, saw, etc.
46
Unit 6
47
Unit 7
5. What are the main problems faced by the Brazilian prison system?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. In your opinion, what would be effective actions to solve the problems you cited?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Have you ever been victim of a crime? If you want and feel comfortable with, share your
story:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
49
Unit 7
8. Let’s test your vocabulary on the topic. Write the meaning (first, try it without the help of
your teacher or a dictionary):
To arrest:________________________________________________________________
Charge:_________________________________________________________________
Lawyer:_________________________________________________________________
To prosecute:_____________________________________________________________
Prosecutor:______________________________________________________________
To release:_______________________________________________________________
Guilty:__________________________________________________________________
In custody:_______________________________________________________________
Manslaughter:____________________________________________________________
The jury:_________________________________________________________________
Judge:__________________________________________________________________
Trial:____________________________________________________________________
To be acquitted:___________________________________________________________
Burglary:________________________________________________________________
Assalt:__________________________________________________________________
Arson:__________________________________________________________________
50
Unit 7
1 A man who tried to escape jail in Brazil by dressing as his daughter was found dead in his room
Tuesday. Prison officials reported that he appeared to have taken his own life. News of the man’s
attempt to escape went viral last weekend. The man had tried to walk out of the prison wearing a
rubber mask to hide his identity. But he was caught before he could leave and his unusual attempt
failed.
2 Clauvino da Silva was a drug dealer from the city of Angra dos Reis. He was stopped by prison
guards at the Bangu prison complex last Saturday as he tried to go out the front door after visiting
hours disguised as his daughter. Prison officials in the state of Rio de Janeiro said his plan was to
leave his daughter inside the prison in his place.
3 When he began trying to speak like a woman, “the guard realized that it was an attempted
jailbreak and identified him,” Moyses Henriques said. Henriques helps lead prison operations in Rio
state. “It was an inmate trying to escape as a woman.”
4 Henriques said officials believe the disguise had been secretly brought to the prison by a
pregnant woman. Such women are often used to transport things illegally to prisons because they
do not face the careful searches of other visitors.
5 Prison officials said Silva’s daughter and seven other people were arrested on suspicion of
having tried to help him escape. Before his death, Silva was moved to another area of the prison,
the officials added. Henriques said Silva’s jailbreak attempt was one of hopelessness. He was
“facing a sentence of 73 years, and he recently got another 25 years more,” said Henriques.
6 Brazil’s prisons have become a major issue for new President Jair Bolsonaro, who has promised
to fix years of growing crime and violence. Last week, at least 57 people died after a prison riot
broke out in the northern state of Para.
7 Brazil’s prison population has increased by 800 percent in 30 years to around 750,000 inmates.
The nation now has the world’s third-largest number after China and the United States. Prison
gangs used to form to protect inmates and push for better conditions. But they now hold great
power that extends beyond prison walls. The gangs are linked to bank robberies, drug trafficking
and the illegal transport of guns. Jailed gang leaders often give orders secretly through mobile
phones.
51
Unit 7
Reading Comprehension
2. According to the information presented in paragraph 2, what was Clauvino’s plans to scape
prison?
6. According to paragraph 7, why were the prison gangs formed for and how do they act now?
52
Unit 7
2. Do you think you put your life at risk when you react a robbery?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Would you live in cities like Rio and São Paulo despite the violence in those cities?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
53
Unit 7
More examples:
I don’t talk to people sitting next to me on a bus The woman wounded was taken to hospital
The roof covering the house needs to be repaired Many of the goods made China are exported
54
Unit 7
More examples:
My job is really interesting I’m not interested in my job anymore
The teacher gave us a simplifying explanation Sandra is annoyed. She doesn’t like loud music
Bored
Boring
5. Have you ever heard of the risks of skin problems due excessive sun exposure? What kind
of problems do you think excessive sun exposure can cause?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Skin Cancer
What is it? It is the abnormal increase and without control of cells that consist the skin. The
most common are the “spleen cellular” and “spine cellular”. The most dangerous is
“melanoma”.
What is the main cause? The ultraviolet radiation is the main cause for the development of
skin cancer and the premature ageing of the skin. Solar rays and artificial sun are sources of
radiation.
Who are the “risk group” people? People with/without spots who always expose
themselves the sun without protection.
57
Unit 8
1 Melanoma is an often deadly skin cancer that can develop when a person spends too much time
in the sun without protection. But medical doctors now say the disease can form even with little time
out in the sun. “Melanomas can occur anywhere on the body, not only in areas that get a lot of sun,”
Doctor Kucy Pon told Reuters by email. She said the most common place for melanoma in men is
the back, while for women it is their legs.
2 In a new study, Pon and co-writer Robert Micieli warn about the danger of melanoma. They say it
makes for only about 1 percent of skin cancers but causes the majority of skin cancer deaths. Their
research recently appeared in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. More than 90 percent of
melanomas are caused by too much ultraviolet radiation. They said the radiation could come from
the sun or from special sun lamps used at tanning salons – places people go to darken their skin.
3 The two researchers note that radiation from the sun is not the main cause of some melanomas
on body parts like the hands, the bottom of feet, and the inside of noses. Instead, they say, the
cancer’s development may more closely look like how non-skin cancers form.
4 Pon said cases of melanoma have been rising over the last 30 years. It is estimated that 192,300
new cases are expected in the United States in 2019. Pon added that the disease can affect anyone,
with any skin color. Older people, those with skin markings called moles, and people with a family
history of melanoma are especially at risk, however. “The first sign of a melanoma is an unusual
looking mole or freckle,” said Pon. But she warned that, in one of every 10 melanoma patients, the
melanoma may have no color at all and is difficult to notice. “These un-pigmented melanomas may
be pinkish-looking, reddish, purple, normal skin color or …clear and colourless,” said Doctor Ronald
Moy. He is a skin specialist from Beverly Hills, California, and a spokesman for the Skin Cancer
Foundation.
5 Moy said in an email that these un-pigmented melanomas can look like other forms of skin cancer.
Even worse, they can be mistaken for harmless moles or scars. This is especially dangerous,
because early detection is critical for successfully treating melanoma. “Prevention and early
detection are key,” said Doctor Emily Newsom, who is with UCLA Health in Los Angeles, California.
6 Skin specialists advise people to use sunscreen repeatedly and to wear sun-protective clothing
and a wide hat to cover one’s face. Dr. Jeffrey Farma leads the Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program
at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He said researchers have made
“tremendous breakthroughs” in learning about the genes involved in melanoma. As a result,
researchers have been able to treat advanced melanoma and improve the survival rate.
Reading Comprehension
7. Read again paragraph 3 and write with your own words the finding reported:
59
Unit 8
Reading Comprehension
60
Unit 8
8. Do you think that, there have been considerable changes to the climate in the
past years?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
10. Do you think developed countries could do more to help the countries in
development, specially concerning environmental issues? Write your remarks.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
61
Unit 8
If I had known Paul was coming, I would have met him at the bus station.
Note that the verb in the if clause is in the past perfect tense and the verb in the main clause is in
the perfect conditional. The time is past, and the conditional cannot be fulfilled because the
action in the if clause didn’t happen.
b. Mary got to the station in time to catch her bus. If ________ (she/miss) the bus, ________ (she/be)
late for her appointment.
c. I didn’t know Carlos was coming. If _________(I/know) it, _________ him a surprise.
d. I wasn’t injured in the car accident because, I was using a seat belt.
____________________________________________________________
62
Unit 9
1. When did you first get a smartphone? There was any special reason for your acquisition?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this technology?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s impossible not associate the use of smartphones and social media. Do you think social
medias are a good or a bad tool? Explain
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. “We have never been so close and so distant at the same time”. What can you say about
this affirmation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you think smartphones are a good tool for educational purposes? Explain your answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
64
Unit 9
1 Mobile phones have changed the way we communicate, but people disagree on whether the devices
are useful tools for education. Students can be easily distracted by their phones during class. Are they
listening to the teacher or texting their friends? Are they taking a picture of a quiz to cheat? Maybe they
are playing a game, or watching a video, instead of paying attention. School officials, teachers and
parents all are trying to find out the best way to supervise students’ use of mobile or cellphones.
2 In the Canadian province of Ontario, officials are restricting phone use during teaching time. However,
there are exceptions for classroom activities, health and other emergencies.
France passed a law in 2018 banning the use of cellphones in schools for students up to age 15, the age
when they go to high school. Last July, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed a new law. It says state
public and charter schools can ban students from using smartphones in class and at school. It does not,
however, say schools are required to completely ban the devices. The law asks school districts, charter
schools and education offices to develop cellphone policies to prevent, or limit students’ use of the devices
at school. There are exceptions, which include emergencies or issues related to health and well-being.
3 One high school, in California’s Silicon Valley area, had a serious problem with students and their
cellphones. Joanne Sablich, a French teacher, said students using their phones in class had been a real
problem. They were “checking their phones and texting -- going on social media,” she said, and she would
have to take the phone “over and over and over." The schools vice principal, Adam Gelb, said some
students were spending as much as 11 or 12 hours a day on their phones. So, the administration turned to
technology for answers. San Mateo High School now locks up cellphones during the day in a special
container. Each student must put their phone away in a small bag with a magnetic lock. It is called a Yondr
Pouch. At the end of the day, students unlock the bag with another device. The bag is being used in
schools in both the United States and Europe. The cost for the equipment is around $20,000 a year for a
school, or $12 for each student.
4 Teacher Joanne Sablich is happy. She sees a difference in students’ behavior. She said they are “very
engaged this year,” instead of just looking at their phones. Other schools are choosing simpler answers to
the problem—they ban cellphones in classrooms. One of these schools is Forest Hills school district, near
Grand Rapids, Michigan. School officials decided this school year to ban cellphones throughout the day,
including at lunch.
5 Dan Behm is the superintendent of the district. He told the publication Education Week the reason why
district officials put the ban in place. They “wanted to provide a clean break for students and not have the
frenetic energy that can happen if kids start texting each other or social-media posts start going,” Behm
said. They tried the ban last year as a test. Behm said they found that students said they were less
anxious when they were not so attached to their devices.
6 Education Week found that more than 30 schools, and in some cases school districts, have put in place
some kind of restrictions during the current or last school year. Districts across the country also have their
own versions of phone restrictions both formal or informal. One district choosing not to ban cellphones is
Saint Marys Area School District in the state of Pennsylvania. Brian Toth is the superintendent of the small
rural district. He told VOA, each teacher can decide whether, and when, to restrict students’ cellphone use.
Toth said students have grown up with cellphones, and “it is our responsibility to teach them proper use for
tools within the classroom.” He added that schools are teaching about cellphones and how to use them
with social media and the Internet. “It is part of changing education for kids,” he said. “As long as we teach
them to use them responsibly.” The technology is here, Toth said, schools should use it to help students,
and not fear it.
Credits: Authors: Anne Ball and Mario
65
Ritter
February 04, 2020 - VOAnews
Unit 9
Reading Comprehension
1. How are the cell phone policies of the 3. In paragraph 2, the highlighted word
schools mentioned in the story similar? can be replaced by :
a. The policies all limit cell phone a. Forbidding
use to some extent b. Allowing
b. They all completely ban cell c. Not using
phones in school d. Considering
c. They change depending on
the students’ age
d. The policies all allow short periods
of cell phone use
5. What was the solution for problems like this taken by Forest Hill school district mentioned in
paragraph 4?:
6. Summarize Brian Toth’s opinion on banning smartphones from schools stated in paragraph 6,
and after give your own:
66
Unit 9
To write an email in English in the right way, don’t improvise! Read the following advice to avoid
making serious mistakes that could compromise the success of the email from the moment it is
received.
Subject
The subject is the first piece of information that the recipients of an email see, and if it’s written
incorrectly or unclearly, it could push the reader to delete it without even opening it! So it’s
important to give a clear and precise message, right from the start, indicating the content or
reason for writing in two or three words that grabs the attention of the recipient.
Style
Unlike many other languages which require long complex sentences in a formal written context,
English is very concise and favors short sentences and a simple structure. Make sure you break
up the text into two or three paragraphs – this enables the reader to quickly see the key points.
Courtesy formulas
When you write an email in English, you’re not only using another language but you’re also
entering another culture with different habits. The Anglo-Saxons in general pay a lot of attention
to forms of courtesy and gratitude, therefore never forget to add them.
Signature
Be sure to have set your emails to end with all the important information about you, including:
Introduction
Body of the text
Conclusion
Signature
67
Unit 9
After the initial greeting you need an introductory sentence that indicates clearly the reason for
writing and is consistent with the subject of the email. Introduce yourself briefly (long texts often
discourage people from reading them), then follow on with:
If you’re writing an email to send information, you can start with one of the following sentences:
The general rules are that the text should be divided into short paragraphs that avoid abbreviations
and acronyms, both of which you can use, on the contrary, when you write an informal email to
family and friends.
Based on the type of message you’re sending, there are various ways to write a final invitation
before ending the email, such as:
68
Unit 9
Best regards
Kind regards
Yours faithfully (if you began the email with ‘Dear Sir/Madam’ because you don’t know the name of
the recipient)
Yours sincerely (if you began the email with ‘Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms + surname)
Regards
Example:
Subject: Delivery delay
Dear Mr Pascal,
We regret to inform you that we will not be able to respect the deadline
previously agreed for the delivery of your order. Our supplier has warned us
today that they are experiencing supply problems, which will result in a
delay in our production chain. We count on your understanding and thank
you for your patience.
Best regards,
… (Signature)
69
Source: Wallstreetenglish
Unit 9
2. Complete the sentences with your own ideas using should, must and have to:
a. If you want to lose weight, you _________________________.
b. If you want to pass your exams ________________________.
c. If you want to be a doctor ____________________________.
d. If you want to avoid accident __________________________.
e. If you drive ________________________________________.
70
Unit 10
Lesson 4 - Writing
Unit 10
5. What are the kind of exercises that can activate your brain?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
72
Unit 10
1 Ageing is normal. But dementia is not a normal part of ageing. The World Health Organization
(WHO) defines dementia as an illness marked by a decline in a person’s ability to think, reason and
understand “beyond what might be expected from normal ageing.” It results from a variety of
diseases and injuries that affect the brain, such as Alzheimer disease or stroke. About 50 million
people around the world have dementia.
2 WHO experts warn that dementia is a “rapidly growing public health problem.” People with
dementia are often not able to care for themselves. Their need for care, the WHO adds, creates
great economic problems for families and societies. Experts estimate that by the year 2030 caring
for people with dementia will cost about $2 trillion (US$) every year. That is what health experts
from the World Health Organization said in a recent statement to the press. They add that there are
nearly 10 million new cases every year and that number is set to triple by the year 2050.
3 As a part of their awareness campaign, the WHO released new guidelines for reducing the risk of
getting dementia. WHO experts say that scientific evidence confirms that what is good for our
hearts is also good for our brains. Having an active and healthy lifestyle is the best way to avoid
getting dementia as we age. The WHO guidelines include the following:
-exercise regularly
-do not smoke
-do not drink harmful amounts of alcohol
-keep a healthy weight
-eat a healthy diet
-keep your blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar at healthy levels
4 The guidelines are common sense advice given by many other health organizations, such as the
U.S. National Institute on Ageing. But they are important reminders. They can help healthcare
providers advise their patients on what they can do to help prevent cognitive decline and dementia.
5 The new guidelines can also help governments and policy-makers design social programs to
help people lead healthy lifestyles. WHO experts add that possibly following a Mediterranean-style
diet may help prevent dementia. But they warn against taking vitamin B or E pills, fish oil or other
so-called “brain health” pills. They say there is “strong research showing they don’t work.”
6 The WHO advises countries to create support plans to help caregivers. Dr. Dévora Kestel is
Director of the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at the World Health
Organization. In a statement to the press, she said that people who care for people with dementia
are very often family members. These family members “need to make considerable adjustments to
their family and professional lives to care for their loved ones.”
73
Unit 10
Reading Comprehension
74
Unit 10
2. Change to reported speech. Make sure you put the verbs in the correct form:
e. The psychologist said “I recommended all the exercises during their vacation”
________________________________________________________________
75
Unit 10
Lesson 4 - Writing
1. In pairs, discuss with your classmate the best articles in this book. Prepare to write a
summary of two of them. We would like to know things you have learned from them and if they
were useful to you someway.
SUMMARY 01
76
Unit 10
Lesson 4 - Writing
SUMMARY 02
77
Exercise Book
Exercise Book
1. “The researchers carried out experiments on a group of young German-speaking men and
women.” Explain the meaning of the expression in bold:
2. “The goal was to create a lasting memory link between the false word and the German word that
individuals could identify when awake”. Explain the meaning of the expression in bold:
3. “However, the experiments do provide new evidence that memories can be formed and vocabulary
learning can take place in both conscious and unconscious states.” Explain the meaning of the
expression in bold:
4. Now, write down 3 examples for each one of the expression in bold in exercises 1, 2 and 3. DO
NOT copy examples from dictionaries:
5. Read the situations and write sentences using the words in brackets:
b. You moved back to your parents house after many years. The house didn’t look the same.
(it / change / a lot)
_________________________________________________________________________________
c. I invited my girlfriend to go on a trip with me. But she couldn’t come
(she / arrange / something else to do)
_________________________________________________________________________________
d. It was nice to go to a restaurant after a long time
(I / not / eat out / for ages)
_________________________________________________________________________________
e. John offered me something to eat, but I wasn’t hungry.
( I / just / eat / breakfast)
_________________________________________________________________________________
79
Exercise Book
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets:
a. I was driving (drive) home when I passed by a garden and remembered our first kiss.
b. She ____________ (go) home after lunchtime. She wasn’t feeling well.
e. I ____________________ (look for) my keys all morning and couldn’t find them yet.
f. He ______________ (allow) anyone to leave home early despite the power went down in the whole
building.
7. You have listened to a dialogue at a restaurant in Unit 1 - Lesson 4. Now it’s you turn to to tell us
about an experience (good or bad) you have had at a restaurant. Write below a text about that
experience and try to make a good use of your vocabulary. For meanings and synonyms check the
dictionary:
80
Exercise Book
8. “Aware of this threat, Adolf Hitler ordered the construction of the “Atlantic Wall,” which consisted of
landmines, bunkers, and other obstacles to fortify 2,400 miles of French coast.” Explain the meaning
of the expression in bold:
10. “In the predawn hours before the beach landings, thousands of American, British, and Canadian
paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines on the eastern and western flanks of the landing
zones.” Explain the meaning of the expression in bold:
a. Midway home I saw the accident which was mentioned on the radio.
e. John, ___________ lives next door is always in trouble with the police.
f. The place in the mountains ____________ you told me about is indeed really beautiful.
g. I bought this chocolates for the errand boy _________ helped me during the week _______ I was
sick.
81
Exercise Book
13. Look at the image below. Write a text containing the following points: what the picture illustrates
and your opinion about this type of conflict.
14. Now, look for words in the dictionary covering this topic (war / army) and write examples of use.
DO NOT copy the examples in the dictionary:
82
Exercise Book
15. Write down the meaning of the phrasal verbs below. Try to do so without the use of a dictionary:
To call off:______________________________
To figure out:____________________________
To find out:______________________________
To get in:________________________________
To get over:______________________________
To get out:_______________________________
To grow up:______________________________
To hand in:_______________________________
To keep on:_______________________________
To leave out:______________________________
16. Now, create a sentence with each one of the phrasal verbs above. Use the verbal tense you want:
17. Now, look for 10 phrasal verbs (different from those in exercise 15) in a dictionary and afterwards
write down 10 sentences with them using the verbal tense you want. Remember to train their
pronunciation:
Sentences:
83
Exercise Book
84
Exercise Book
20. Read the situations and make sentences with the present perfect continuous using the words in
brackets:
21. Look at the pictures below. What have they been doing all day long?
85
Exercise Book
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
24. Write about members of your family (or friends) using the of the present perfect continuous
you can:
86
Exercise Book
26
27
28
87
Exercise Book
29. Read the excerpt below. Summarize it with your own words:
30. Now, write a short text expressing your opinion about vegetarianism:
31. Talking about vegetables, do you know the name of the vegetables / fruits illustrated below?:
88
Exercise Book
“Overall, the most congested cities are older cities or those growing quickly, INRIX reports.”
Now, write a text with your own ideas containing points that confirm the affirmation:
89
Exercise Book
35. Use the words in brackets to form -ing or -ed sentences using There is / There are / There was
etc. :
e. We were the only guests at the hotel. (nobody else / stay there)
90
Exercise Book
1 11
2 12
3 13
4 14
5 15
6 16
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
91
Exercise Book
1 15
2 16
3 17
4 18
5 19
6 20
7 21
8 22
9 23
10 24
11 25
12 26
13 27
14 28
92
Exercise Book
1 18
2 19
3 20
4 21
5 22
6 23
7 24
8 25
9 26
10 27
11 28
12 29
13 30
14 31
15 32
16 33
17 34
93
Exercise Book
1 18
2 19
3 20
4 21
5 22
6 23
7 24
8 25
9 26
10 27
11 28
12 29
13 30
14 31
15 32
16 33
17 34
94
Irregular Verbs
IRREGULAR VERBS
95
94