PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS

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I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Acquire knowledge on the history, rules, strategies, and the players
of athletics and badminton.
2. Develop the fundamental skills through active homebase individual
and dual sports activities
3. Develop desirable, social attitudes among students towards the
game during pandemic

II. Introduction
The documented history of sports was taken thousands of years ago.
These were often done as a form of physical activity to strengthen and
develop necessary skills, as an entertainment, as a form of training, and as
preparation for war or hunting activities. Which explains why most of the early
games documented include throwing of spears or rocks, running, chariot
racing, bow and arrow, jumping, and one on one sparring. Sports quickly
gained popularity because of some major and minor influences such as
culture, media, politics, scholarship opportunities, racial differences, business,
salaries, and ticket prices. Commonly, sports is defined as a systematic,
competitive and skill-requiring physical activities that demands commitment
and fair play to achieve a success in the conduct of every sports activities.
Every excisting sports is governed by a set of rules or customs provided by
their respective governing bodies, this is for the purpose of ensuring the fair
competition, and allowing the consistent adjudication of the winner. Winners
of a particular sports events are identified not only through physical events
such as scoring goals or crossing a line first, but also by the determination of
judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance that includes
objective or subjective measures like the athlete’s or performer’s technical
performance or artistic impression.
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III. Content
Sports are games governed by a set of rules and regulations classified as:
1. Individual Sports – refers to an organized game played by a single
person alone following the rules and regulations of the game.
2. Dual Sports – refers to an organized game played by two persons, one
against the other or a pair against another pair, following the
rules and regulation of the game

TOURNAMENT TYPES
 Single Elimination
The single-elimination tournament is simple. Eliminating losers and
advancing the winner to the next round until only one contestant/team
remains is the primary purpose of this type. The single-elimination format is
applicable when the number of entries is large, time is short, and the
number of locations is limited.
 Double Elimination
A double-elimination bracket is a draw format in which a player
must lose twice before being out of the division. The participant may lose
once and still win first place.
 Single Round Robin
Round robin tournament brackets are draw formats in which each
competitor plays against everyone within their division category in a
separate heads-up match.

TOURNAMENT FORMATS FORMULA

Formula W/ Bye

Single Elimination G=N–1 P² - N

Double Elimination G = (N x 2) – 2 P² - N

Single Round Robin G = N x (n – 1) / 2 P² - N

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ATHLETICS
The term Athletics is derived from a Greek word Athlos meaning "contest."
There are two basic types of events in track and field, and these are the running
events and field events. Running events include sprints, hurdles, relays, and
longer endurance runs. Field events include high jump, long jump, triple jump,
shot put, javelin throw, and discus throw.
HISTORY OF ATHLETICS
There is some evidence that the ancient Egyptians had organized running
competitions from about 3800 BC, but the origins of athletics are associated with
the ancient Greeks who had brought competitive athletics to a high standard by
about 1300 BC. The year 776 BC is usually taken as the date for the first major
Olympiad. From then the Olympian Games were held every four years until they
were banned in about ad 393. For the next 1,500 years or so, athletic
competitions were held at a local or tribal level. Athletics were revived and
established in England in the 19th century, mainly at the English public schools
and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. There were also athletic
competitions at the Highland Games in Scotland, and the Lakeland Games,
both dating from the early 19th century. At the latter, professional athletes
competed, as they did in the Powder hall Race in Edinburgh and the Stawell Gift
Handicap in Australia. The first national championships were those of England in
1866, organized by the Amateur Athletic Club. These preceded the formation of
the Amateur Athletic Association in 1880.
The first Olympic Games of the modern era were staged in Athens in 1896. After
that, games have been held in various countries at intervals of four years. Except
in time of war, and gave much impetus to the development of athletics
worldwide. The international governing body, the International Amateur Athletic
Federation, which ratifies world records and approves rules, was formed in
1912—initially with 17 members. By 2003, 210 nations were affiliated with it.
According to most accounts, the rings were adopted by Baron Pierre de
Coubertin (founder of the Modern Olympic Movement) in 1913 after he saw a
similar design on an artifact from ancient Greece. The five rings represent the five
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significant regions of the world: Africa, the Americans, Asia, Europe, and
Oceana. Every national flag in the world includes at least one of the five colors,
which are from left to right) blue, yellow, black, green, and red.

The Olympic flag made its debut at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp,
Belgium. In each Olympic Games' ending, the major of that host-city presents
the flag of the major of the next host-city. It then rests at the town hall of the next
host-city for four years until the Opening Ceremony of their Olympic games.
The official Olympic motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius," a Latin phrase meaning
"Faster, Higher, Stronger." Baron de Coubertin's ideas are probably best illustrated
by the Olympic creed:
"The most important thing in the Olympic games
Is not to win but to take part, just as the most
The important thing in life is not the triumph
But the struggle. The essential thing
Is not to have conquered but to have fought well."
The Olympic Flame is lit in Olympia and brought to the host city by runners
carrying the torch in the relay. There it plays a vital role in the opening
ceremonies. Through the torch fire that has been around since 1928, the relay
was introduced in 1936.
The Olympic mascot, an animal or human figure representing the cultural
heritage of the host country, was introduced in 1968. It has played an essential
part in the games since 1980 with the debut of Misha, a Russian bear.
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TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS STRUCTURE

Athletics

Field Events Track Events

Jumping Events Throwing Events Running Events

Sprints
High Jump Shot put
Middle & Long
Pole Vault Hammer Distance
Relay
Long Jump Discus
Hurdles
Triple Jump Javelin
Steeplechase

Walkathon

In the Philippines, as early as 1903, athletics competitions were held in

almost all regions of the country. From the yearly PALARO competitions,
athletes are being discovered for our country's participation in the Asian and
even Olympic Games.
The Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association (PATFA) are national
sports associations that produce athletes for national and international
competition.
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Track and Field Arena

Track-and-field meets are held in arenas or stadiums that have specialized

areas for running, jumping, and throwing events. The arena usually contains a
large grassy center known as infield, which is encircled by an oval track. At most
track-and-field meets, several events occur at the same time.
A typical outdoor track is a 400-m (437-yd) oval. Most tracks have eight
lanes, and all races go in a counterclockwise direction.

Track
The tracks are usually 200 m (218 yds) in length. Moreover, they are
divided into six or eight lanes. Runners must stay in their lanes for all races up to
400 meters and until they pass the first curve of 800-meter race. IAAF rules state
that a lane should measure from 1.22 to 1.25 meters in width.

Athletics Governing Boards

International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) – has overseen the sport since
1912. Organizes track-and-field competition in the Olympics manages the world
championships and ratifies world records.
Philippine Amateur Track & Field Association (PATFA) – the governing body of
track and field in the Philippines.
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Name:____________________________ Course, Yr. & Sec.:____________ Score:_____

Challenge Your Mind

Activity 1

Directions: Formulate two paragraphs summarizing the history of athletics,

stating with the essential terms, events, places, etc. Send the
output through messenger or email. ([email protected])
Note: Not more than 100 words.
(Strictly follow the schedule of your class)
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TRACK EVENTS
Running Events
Running events are competitions that test athletes' quickness, speed, and
endurance. Athletes win running races by completing the distance or course
in the least amount of time.

FOUR PHASES OF STARTING POSITIONS IN RUNNING

1. "On your Mark" position
2. "Set" position
3. "Go" drive-off position
4. Acceleration

KINDS OF STARTING POSITION IN RUNNING

1. Mass Stand - used for long-distance running
2. Crouch Start - used for sprint, hurdle, relay and middle distance running

KINDS OF CROUCH START

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Kinds of Track/ Running Events

1. Sprints - a short race run or cycled at a very high speed. The shortest running
event, called sprints or dashes, is the primer events at a track-and-field meet.
The outdoor sprints consist of the 100 meter, 200 meter, and 400-meter events.
Sprints contested at indoor meets include 50 meters, 60 meter, 200 meter,
and 400-meter events. Sprinter gains traction and power in the start by
placing their feet against metal or plastic starting blocks located behind the
starting line. The athletes who are fastest coming out of the starting block
have the advantage. The chief characteristics of an efficient sprinting style
are high knee lift, free-swinging arm movements, and a forward lean of
about 25 degrees.
2. Middle Distance - Races ranging from 600 m or 600 yds (indoors) to 3,000 m (2
mi) are known as middle-distance events. The most popular distances are the
800 m (880 yds), 1,500 m (called the metric mile) or one mi, and 3,000 m (2 mi)
runs. An essential element of middle-distance races is the kick, a sprint for the
finish line on the last lap.
3. Long Distance - Runs longer than 3,000 m (2 mi) are considered to be
distance events. Distance running is wildly popular in Europe, where races of
5,000 (3 mi) to 10,000 m (6 mi) are frequently held. In the running style
employed by champion distance runners, any excess motion is avoided. The
knee action is slight, arm movements are reduced to a minimum, and the
strides are shorter than those used in sprinting or middle-distance running.
4. Hurdles - Good hurdling form consists of leaning far forward and clearing
each barrier smoothly without breaking the rhythm of the running stride. The
first leg to clear the hurdle is brought down to the track sharply. The trailing
leg meanwhile clears the hurdle at almost a right angle to the body. Running
speed, flexibility, and superior coordination are essential elements of success.
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There are three hurdle events adopted in the Philippine for men and women:
 100-m high hurdles for men
 400 -m high hurdles for men
 800-m low hurdles for women
Hurdling events are dashes in which
competitors must clear a series of ten barriers called
hurdles, which are made of metal and wood (or metal
and plastic). It is a ground for disqualification if an
athlete goes around the hurdle instead of over it, or if
athlete purposely knocks down hurdles.
5. Relays - are events for teams of four in which an athlete runs a given distance,
called a leg, and then passes a rigid hollow tube called a baton to the
succeeding team member. The pass must be accomplished within a zone
extending 18 m (20 yds) at the beginning of each baton exchange. If the legs
of a relay race vary in length, for example, 800, 200, 200, and 400 m, the
contest is called a medley relay.
Baton – weigh not less than 50 gms. 28-30 cm. Length and must be smooth.
First Runner- Lead-off
Last Runner – Anchor

TYPES OF PASSING OF THE BATON

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6. Steeplechase – it covers 3,000 meter-seven and one-half laps around a 400-

meter track. On each lap, runners must leap four hurdles that are 91 cm tall for
men and 76 cm for women. Also, each lap features a water jump, in which
the athletes step on a barrier and then leap into a slopping 3.7-m (12 ft) long
pool of shallow water.
7. Race Walking (Walkathon) – although it is not contested in most meets, it has
been a part of track and field since the sport's earliest days. The goal is to race
as fast as possible while still maintaining a walking gait. During the race, the
heel of the forward foot must maintain touch with the track until the toe of the
trailing foot leaves the ground.
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Name:_____________________________ Course, Yr. & Sec.:__________ Score:_______

Challenge Your Mind

Activity 2

Directions: Make a video presentation maximum of 2 minutes of correct

executions of four phases of starting positions in running. Send the output
through messenger or email. ([email protected])
For reference, please watch this video.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oG4s7kGA7Rk&feature=youtu.be)
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FIELD EVENTS

Jumping Events

1. LONG JUMP – is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed,
strength, and agility in an attempt to the first modern Olympics in 1896
and has a history in the ancient Olympics.
In this event, he contestant dashes along a runway and springs into
the air from a take-off board, to cover the most significant possible
distance. While still in the air, the jumper throws both feet far forward of
the body. Competitors take three jumps for distance, after which the best
performers get three more jumps. A jump is leaped as far from the take-off
point as possible. This event has been an Olympic medal event since
measured along a straight line extending from the front edge of the take-
off board to the mark made closest to the take-off board by any part of
the jumper's body as the jumper lands in the sandpit. The athletes are
rated on their longest jump. Long jumping requires strong leg and
abdominal muscles, running speed, and leg spring.
A long jump is a power event that comprises of the following four phases:
 Approach run-up

 Take off

 Flight through the air

 Landing

To achieve maximum distance in the long jump, the athlete will have to
balance three components - speed, technique, and strength.

LONG JUMP STYLES

a. The Stride Jump
In the stride jumpstyle, the athlete maintains
the take-off position for as long as possible, and
only as the athlete comes into land does the take-
off leg join the free leg for a suitable landing
position.
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b. The Hang Style

On taking off, the athlete drops the free leg to
the vertical, which is then joined by the take-off leg.
The arms go overhead to slow down the rotation
about the athlete's center of gravity. The legs are
then lifted upwards and forwards while lower the
trunk. The arms swing past the legs during the
landing phase to ensure a good leg shoot.
c. The Hitch-Kick
Following take-off, the free leg is straightened
and swung back and down as they take off leg
folds up beneath the hips and comes forward bent.
The take-off leg then continues forward,
straightening for landing. The free leg completes its
backward swing behind the hip and then folds up and moves forwards bent, to
join the take-off leg ready for landing.
Landing Area
The sand in the landing area must be moistened before the competition
begins. It must be raked level w/ the take-off board before every jump.
Take-off Board
It is made of wood and sunk level w/ the runway. Beyond it is a tray of
plasticine or some other similar soft substance for recording foot failures.
Run-up
The length of the run-up/runway is unlimited. Marks may not be put in the
runway, but maybe alongside it. Marks may not be placed beyond the take-off
line.
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RULES
a. Failure is counted if the competitor touches with any part of his body on
the ground beyond the take-off line.
b. Competitors must not use weights or grips.
c. It is a failure if the competitor when landing touches the ground outside
the landing area nearer to the take-off line.
d. Somersaulting is not allowed.
e. A jump is measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by
any part of the competitor's body.
THE JUDGES
Judge 1 – watches for failure. He has two flags (red-failed jump & white-good
jump)
Judge 2 & 3 – measures the jump
Judge 4 – calls up competitors and clears the runway

2. TRIPLE JUMP - (sometimes referred to as the hop, skip and jump) is a track and
field sport, similar to the long jump, but involving a "hop, step and jump"
routine, whereby the competitor runs down the track and performs a hop, a
step and then a jump into the sandpit.
The triple jump has its origins in the Ancient Olympics and has been a modern
Olympics event since the Games' inception in 1896.
The current male and female world record holders are Jonathan Edwards of
Great Britain, with a jump of 18.29 meters (60.0 ft), and Inessa Kravets of
Ukraine, with a jump of 15.50 m (50 ft. 10.25 in.).
The triple jump, which probably puts more stress on an athlete's body than
any other field event, comprises of 4 phases: approach phase, hop phase,
step phase, and the jump phase.
Shoes- Heel spikes are recommended for use on grass. Plastic heel cups may
be used to protect the heel bone. Jumping Area -The landing area and the
take-off board are the same as for the long jump, but for the triple jump in
international competitions, there must be 13m between them.
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RULES
a. Failure is counted if the competitor touches w/ any part of his body on the
ground beyond the take-off line.
b. Competitors must not use weights or grips.
c. It is a failure if the competitor touches the ground outside the landing
area nearer to the take-off line.
d. Somersaulting is not allowed.
e. A jump is measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by
any part of the competitor's body.
THE JUDGES
There are five judges: 4 as for the long jump and a fifth between the take-off
board and landing area to watch the competitor's feet.

3. HIGH JUMP - In the high jump, athletes have three chances to leap over a
crossbar set between two upright poles 4 m (13 ft) apart. To make a jump, the
competitors run towards the bar and then leap. After clearing the crossbar,
they land on a soft cushion, called the pit.
STYLES IN HIGH JUMP
1. The Straddle
2. Western Roll
3. Fosbury Flop
4. Scissor's Cut
High-jump techniques had changed dramatically since the 1960s when most
competitors used the straddle. The straddle would throw one leg over the bar
while facing down, the rest of the body following.
In 1968 Olympic gold medalist Dick Fosbury of the United States revolutionized
the event with a new technique. To do the Fosbury Flop, as it is called, the
athlete leaps at the bar sideways and then pivots so that the head, facing
upwards, clears the bar first. The back and then the rest of the body follows over
the bar, and the athlete lands shoulders first. Today, almost all jumpers use this
technique.
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High Jump - Fosbury Flop - The high jump comprises four phases: approach, take
off, flight, and landing.

4. POLE VAULT - Like high jumpers, pole-vaulters

attempt to clear a crossbar. The pole vault bar is
much higher, and the athlete uses a flexible pole,
generally from 4 to 5 m (12 to 16 ft) long, to
propel his or her body into the air and over the
bar. Poles are usually fiberglass, which replaced
bamboo or metal in the 1960s.
Contestants have three tries at each height; the height is increased by 8 to 15
cm (3 to 6 in) at a time. Three misses at a given height disqualify vaulters. Misses
are charged when an athlete dislodges the bar or passes to the side of or
underneath the bar.
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Throwing Events
There are four different throwing events included in athletics competition,
which require athletes to demonstrate power, strength, and accuracy. The four
events are: the hammer, the Javelin, the Discus and the shot put.
1. Javelin Throw - a spear-like object of metal and fiberglass. The Javelin
combines speed with great strength, requiring the athlete to throw a long
spiked pole as far as possible across the field. The Javelin has a grip, partway
along the pole, which the athlete must hold on to when throwing. An arm
throws the Javelin extended backward, being thrown over the shoulder or
upper part of the arm. The Javelin must land with the tip (front part of the
Javelin) hitting the ground before the tail (back part of the Javelin). If the
athlete turns their back to the throwing line during the throw, or crosses the
line during or after the throw, the throw is classified as a fail.
To achieve maximum distance in the Javelin, the athlete will have to balance
three components - speed, technique and strength. The information on this page
is for a right-handed thrower.

Throwing the Javelin comprises of the following phases:

Pre Delivery
Start Carry Withdrawal Transition Stride
Delivery Recovery
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Basic Technique
Working from right to left in the above standing throw picture sequence:
 The weight should be over the rear leg
 Hips are forward
 The feet should be in line with the throwing direction
 The throwing arm held parallel to the ground, long and relaxed with the palm
uppermost
 The rear leg drives the hips to the front, transferring the weight from right to
left leg
 The arm is brought in fast and last
 The elbow should be kept high and close to the head with the Javelin being
thrown over the top of the head

The Grip
A strong, stable grip is acquired. The grip must
remain firm behind the ledge made by the binding
(cord), and the Javelin must run down the length of
the palm and not across it. The fingers, which are
not secured behind the binding, must press firmly on
the Javelin in order to produce a natural spin at release. The 'V' grip (C) is
probably the most efficient for the novice thrower as it emphasizes the
supporting role of the palm. Grip 'B' is the one used by most experienced
throwers.

Kinds of carrying – carried over a shoulder

a. American carry – head up, tail down

(below the waist, straight elbow)
b. Finnish Carry – head down, tail up
(reverse)
Parts: Tail, grip (cord), shaft (metal), head
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Specifications
The specification for the Javelin depends on gender and age.
Gender\Age 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-19 Adult
Male 400 grams 600 grams 700 grams 800 grams 800 grams

Female 400 grams 600 grams 600 grams 600 grams 600 grams

Note:
3 trials – if more than eight competitors
6 trials – if less than eight competitors
Rules:
1. The Javelin must be held at the grip and released before the competitor
crosses the end of the runway.
2. The head should be the first one to mark the ground, but it need not stick on
the ground.
3. A foul throw should be recorded as a trial but shall not count.
4. Flags mark the outer ends of the sector lines, and competitors should not
cross either of the parallel lines.
5. The Javelin must land w/n the inner edge of the sector lines.
6. Using masking tape is not allowed unless if there is an open wound.
7. If a javelin breaks during throwing, it shall not count as a trial unless in
accordance w/ the rules.
8. Thrower should leave the runway backward after the Javelin has touched the
ground and marked the ground.
9. Javelin should be carried out to the starting line and should be handed to the
next thrower.
The Judges
Judge 1 – watches whether the competitor touches or crosses the arc or scratch
line.
Judge 2 – watches the approach and the way the Javelin is held.
Judge 3 & 4 – watch the landing of the Javelin
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2. Discus Throw – the first throwing event in the 1st Olympic. Discus is a steel-
rimmed hardwood or metal platter that is thrown from a circle 2.5 m (8 ft
21/2in) in diameter thrown standing or turning.
Making use of a spinning technique to bring about speed and strength,
the Discus requires the athlete to throw a disc-shaped object across the field as
far as possible. The athlete must begin the throw from a stationary position, but
there are no specified requirements for the method used to throw the Discus. The
throw shall be executed with the athlete standing within a circle marked on the
ground. Moreover, the athlete is forbidden to leave the circle before the Discus
has landed. If the contestant steps on or outside the circle, the throw is classified
as a fail.
The athlete holds the discus flat against the palm and forearm of the
throwing arm, then whirls around rapidly and propels the Discus outward with a
whipping motion of the arm.

Al Oerter – the American who became the first person to win gold medals
(in discus throwing) in four consecutive Olympic Games (1956, 1960, 1964,
1968). He was also the first person to throw the Discus more than 200 ft.
To achieve maximum distance in the Discus the athlete will have to
balance three components - speed, technique, and strength. The information on
this page is for a right-handed thrower. The hold
 Place the left hand under the Discus for support
 Place the right hand on top of the Discus
 Spread the fingers evenly but not stretched
 The first joint of the fingers curling over the rim of the Discus
 Do not to grip the Discus
 Allow the Discus to rest on the first joint of the fingers with the
tips of the fingers over the rim.
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Throwing Technique

Specifications
The specification for the Discus depends on gender and age.
Gender\Age 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-19 Adult
Male 1 kg 1.25 kg 1.5 kg 1.75 kg 2 kg
Female 0.75 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg

Men
The discus measures from 219 to 221 mm (8 5/8 to 8 3/8 in) across and 44 to 46
mm (1 3/4 to 1 7/8 in) in thickness and weighs 2 kg (4 lb 6 1/2oz) for adult.
Women
The dimensions are 180 to 182 mm (71/8 to 71/4‚ in) across, 37 to 39 mm (11/2
to 15/8 in) in thickness, and 1 kg (2 lb 31/5 oz) in weight for an adult.

Rules
1. The disc shall be made from the circle.
2. The throw must start inside the circle in a stationary position.
3. Discus throws are measured from the point of impact of the Discus to front of
the throwing circle.
4. It is a foul throw if the body touches the ground outside the circle after
throwing it.
5. The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the
ground.
6. The use of the glove is not allowed.
7. The implement must land w/n the inner edge of the sector lines as shot put.

The Judges
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Two Judges watch on their side for infringement w/n the circle.
Three Judges are needed in the field since the landing area is unpredictable.

3. Shot Put – a massive cannonball held in one hand against the chin, pushing
away from the body. Circle in shape, smooth surface & made of solid iron
brass or any material
The throw is made from a 2.135-meter circle with a 1.22 meter wooden
stop board (10cms high) at the front. The thrower must commence the throw
from a stationary position and leave the circle under control from the rear
half after completing the throw. The shot must fall within a 40 degree sector
at the front of the circle. The shot must be put from the shoulder with one
hand only and be kept close to the chin during any preceding movements.
Requiring perhaps more strength than any other athletic event, the
shot put requires the athlete to throw a heavy ball across a specified
distance by transferring leg strength up through the arms. The athlete is
required to begin the throw from a stationary position within a marked circle
and must throw the shot using one hand only. The contestant is disqualified if
they leave the marked circle before the shot has touched the ground.
The casting of stone is the first name of the shot put. The aim in shot-
putting is to propel a solid metal ball through the air for a maximum distance;
the men's shot weighs 7.26 kg (16 lb), and the women's shot weighs 4 kg (8 lb
13 oz). The action in shot-putting is confined to a circle 2.1 m (7 ft) in
diameter.
The Grip
The shot should be placed at the base of the first three fingers, which
should be evenly spread but not stretched, with the little finger and thumb
supporting the shot. The shot is then placed under the chin with the elbow
held high.
To test the grip and give the athlete confidence - stand with feet
shoulder-width apart, facing the direction of the throw. Using the arm only,
push the shot out, ensuring that the elbow is kept high. The next step is for the
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athlete to twist his/her upper body to give further force to the shot and then
move onto flexing the legs as well.
The Stance

Figure 1 Figure 2
The Athlete should take up the position as in Figure 1A with the weight
over the right foot and should be encouraged to think of "chin-knee-toe" being
vertically in line. The feet and hips should be facing the side (at right angles to
the shoulders) and the shoulder "cocked" to the rear. The width of the stance will
vary according to the height of the athlete, but the feet should be aligned as in
figure 2. Note the position of the left hand and arm in Figure 1 A.
The Putt
From this standing position (Figure
1A), the movement should be initiated
by the right leg driving the right hip to
the front (Figure 1B & C), transferring the
body weight from the right leg to the left
leg (Figure 1C). At the same time, the
left arm comes forward and up,
pointing along the trajectory line the
shot will take (approx 45° to the
horizontal). During this action, the
emphasis should be on a fast right hip, keeping the elbow up behind the shot.
As the hips face the front and forward, then the right shoulder is driven to
the front, and the left arm swings to the left side to balance the movement.
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When the chest is facing forward, then the right arm punches the shot out,
keeping the elbow high (Figure 1D). The left shoulder must not be allowed to
drop during any part of this movement, and the athlete should think of keeping
the left side braced.
Specifications
The specification for the shot depends on gender and age.
Gender\Age 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-19 Adult
Male 3.25 kg 4 kg 5 kg 6 kg 7.26 kg
Female 2.72 kg 3.25kg 4kg 4kg 4kg

Rules
1. The throwing of the put is made inside the circle w/ a stop board.
2. The throw must start inside the circle in a stationary position.
3. Shot put throws are measured from the point of impact of the put to front of
the throwing circle.
4. It is a foul throw if the body touches the ground outside the circle after
throwing it.
5. The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the
ground.
6. The use of the glove is not allowed.
7. The implement must land w/n the inner edge of the sector lines.
Foul if:
1. The shot is placed away from the chin.
2. A competitor touches the ground outside the circle.
3. A competitor touches the top of the board.
4. Shots fall outside the sector or on the lines demarking the sector.
5. Competitor exceeds the time allowed (1 ½ min.).
The Judges
Judge 1 – watches the position of the arm
Judge 2 – watches the infringement by the foot or any other part of the body
Judge 3&4 – check the landing & help measure the put
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4. HAMMER - The 'hammer' is a hefty metal ball weighing 7.2kg, which is

attached to a handle by a steel wire. The hammer event requires the contestant
to have extreme strength and excellent technique, in order to throw the metal
ball across the field. When making the throw, the contestant must stand within a
designated area, marked by a circle. If the athlete steps out of the circle during
the throw or before the hammer lands, the throw is classified as a fail.
The hammer's handle is 11 cm (4.3 in) wide and is attached to a thin steel
wire. At the opposite end of the wire, the heavy ball, called the head, measures
110 to 130 mm (4.3 to 5.1 in) in diameter. The total length of the handle, wire, and
head must be between 117.5 and 121.5 mm (4.6 and 4.7 in), and the total
minimum weight is 7.26 kg (16 lb). High school athletes do not commonly
compete in the hammer event.
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Name:____________________________________ Course, Yr. & Sec.:____________ Score:_____

Challenge Your Skill

Directions: Video record the performance while conducting the activity. Record
the measure you obtain in each trial. Grades will be based on the
length measurement of performance. Use a mobile device to record
the video, perform the activity in a safe space, use a tape measure,
and ask someone to record the video and measurement.
Note: Do the stretching exercises before doing this activity to help the joints
move through their full range of motions and also to help muscles
work effectively.

PERFORMANCE TEST NO. 1: LONG JUMP

Trials Measurement Grade Recorder
1st Trial
2nd Trial
3rd Trial
LEGEND:
MEN WOMEN
6 Meters and above - 95 6 Meters and above - 95
5 Meters - 93 4 Meters - 93
4 Meters - 91 3 Meters - 91
3 Meters - 89 2 Meters - 89
2 Meters - 87 1 Meter - 87
1 Meter and below - 85 1 Meter and below - 85
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name:________________________________ Course, Yr. & Sec.:_________Date:___________

Challenge Your Skill

Directions: Video record the performance while conducting the activity, record
the measure the obtain in each trial. Grades will be based on the
length measurement of performance. Use a mobile device to record
the video, perform the activity in a safe space, use a tape measure,
and ask someone to record the video and measurement.
Note: Do the stretching exercises before doing this activity to help the joints
move through their full range of motions and also to help muscles
work effectively.

PERFORMANCE TEST NO. 2: JUMPING EVENT

TRIPLE JUMP
Trials Measurement Grade Recorder
1st Trial
2nd Trial
3rd Trial

LEGEND:
MEN WOMEN
11 Meters and above - 95 10 Meters and above - 95
10 Meters - 93 9 Meters - 93
9 Meters - 91 8 Meters - 91
8 Meters - 89 7 Meters - 89
7 Meters - 87 6 Meter - 87
6 Meter and below - 85 5 Meter and below - 85
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THE HISTORY OF BADMINTON

The history of badminton began in India with a game known as

poona. By the time British officers are stationed in India, they encountered
poona. When the British Army officers learned about Poona as a competitive
sport, they took the equipment of poona back to England in the early 1870s.
Upon the return of Army officers back to their country, it was the Duke of
Beaufort who officially introduced the game to England. The game attracted
crowds and soon became popular among the British elite. People began
calling the sport "the Badminton game."
Badminton Association started in England in 1983, composed of 14
clubs. This association was established to form laws to be followed by the
most prestigious Badminton Tournament, the All-England Badminton
Championships.
As badminton became popular with other countries, a higher
association named International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed to
generate and formulate standardized laws, thus needing an international
governing board to be apparent. The creation of the International
Badminton Federation was in 1934. The original members of IBF are
composed of nine countries which were Canada, Denmark, England, France,
Ireland, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales.
The IBF today has more than 150 member nations.

SERVICE TERMS

 Server and Receiver

The person who delivers the badminton serve is called the "server" while
the person receiving the service is called the "receiver".
 Service Over
If a service is made and the rally ends, it is called service over.
The opponent will then serve to start the next rally.
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 Long, Short and Wide

During service, if the shuttle falls outside the boundaries at the frontcourt, it
is called "short." If the shuttle lands behind the boundaries, it is called
"long."
 In/Out
This term is used if the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court.
 Let
This means no point shall be given to both teams for that particular rally.

BADMINTON TERMS FOR SCORING

 Love
This refers to Zero points.
 All
If both sides' scores are level, we say ALL behind the points. For example, if the
score is 2 – 2, we say 2 ALL. The score of the winner of the last rally should always
be mentioned first. For example, you won the last rally. Your score is now 2, and
your opponent's score is 5, so the score of the game will be mentioned as 2 – 5.
 Deuce
If the score reaches 20-20, the game will be "deuce". This means that either one
side must lead by 2 points to win the game.

BADMINTON MATCH TERMS

 RALLY
A rally starts as soon as the server performs the service. The rally ends when the
shuttle touches the ground, or a player commits a fault. Winner of a rally will be
awarded ONE point.
 BADMINTON GAME OR ‘SET’
A badminton game is referred to as the race to 21 points. You'll need to obtain
21 points to win a game. In some countries, we use the term 'set' instead of
'game.'
 MATCH
A badminton match consists of 2 or 3 games/sets. The player wins a match if he
wins 2 straight games. If both sides won one game each, a third game would be
played to determine the winner
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BADMINTON TERMS FOR COURT LINES AND AREAS

PARTS OF BADMINTON RACKET AND SHUTTLECOCK

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BADMINTON TECHNIQUES AND SHOTS

BADMINTON STROKES
Swing motion of the racket. Strokes are NOT shots. The player needs to perform
strokes to hit badminton shots.
 FOLLOW THROUGH
Simply means completing the swing/stroke after hitting the shuttlecock. Following
through with swing usually produces better quality shots.
 CLEAR LOB
Hitting the shuttle high up towards the opponent's baseline. The term 'lob' is more
commonly used in Malaysia and Singapore.
 DROP SHOT
The soft shot hit from the baseline traveling steeply to the opponent's forecourt.
 SMASH
Offensive shot hit from the baseline traveling down fast and steep towards the
opponent's side.
 DRIVE
Fast and furious shots hit horizontally towards the opposite side.
 NET SHOT
This shot is taken at the forecourt. It is called the tumbling/spinning net shot
because the shuttle tumbles and spins towards the opponent's side.
 PUSH
Push is a shot hit horizontally and aims to land around the opponent's mid-court
area. It is similar to the drive, except there is less pace in the shot.
 NET KILL
Net kills are shots taken from the forecourt. It travels down steeply towards
opponent side. Usually, net kills are used to counter weak net shots from
opponent.
 NET LIFT
 Net Lifts are defensive shots taken from the forecourt. It travels high up towards
opponent's baseline
SINGLES FOOTWORK BASE
The footwork base is usually done around the middle of the court. When playing
singles, the player needs to return to its 'base' after hitting every shot.
 LUNGE
Lunging refers to stretching the feet as far apart, usually towards the front to
retrieve the shuttle.
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PERFORMANCE TEST No. 3

Name: __________________________________________________ Date: ____________

Challenge Your Skill

Shuttle Bounce

Directions:

1. Bump the shuttlecock into the air with the strings of the racket.
2. Lift the racket and allow the shuttlecock to travel 1-2ft in the air.
3. Do this for a maximum of 30 bounces in each round.
4. Total number of bounces a student can get in 3 rounds is 90

1ST ROUND ___________

2ND ROUND ___________
3RD ROUND ___________

TOTAL SCORE: ___________

Recorder’s signature over printed name: __________________________

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BASIC RULES OF BADMINTON

Some general rules

1. A player may not touch the net with a racket or the player's body during
play.
2. A shuttlecock may not come to rest or be carried on the racket.
3. A shuttlecock may hit the net on its way across during play, and the rally
can continue.
4. A player may not reach over the net to hit the shuttlecock.
Serving
1. A tossed coin shall determine who shall get the choice of "service" or "side."
2. The serve must travel diagonally to be good.
3. A serve that touches the net and lands in the proper court is called a let
serve.
4. Points are called during service
5. All lines are considered in bounds
6. The server and receiver shall stand within their respective service courts until
they serve are made.
7. In singles, when the server's score is an even number, the serve is taken from
the right side. When the server's score is an odd number, it is taken from the
left. (Serving in a doubles game is different)
Faults
 Service lands outside the specific court.
 If the server or receiver stands outside the proper court upon the delivery of
the serve.
 The server steps forward, lifts or drugs afoot during the delivery of the serve
 The server misses the shuttle in attempting to serve
 A player reaches over the net to contact a shuttle.
 A player fails to return the shuttle to the opponent's proper court.
 In a double serve, the server's partner screened the server.
 PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
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 In doubles, a player and the player's partner hit a shuttle successively.
 A player prevents or hinders an opponent from making a legal stroke where
the shuttle is followed over the net.

Scoring system and service

The scoring system changed in May 2006
 Each game is played up to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever
they win a rally.
 The server and receiver shall stand in diagonally opposite service courts.
The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service
court.
 In singles, the server stands in his right service court when his score is even,
and in his left service court when his score is odd.
 In doubles, if the serving side wins the rally, the same player continues to
serve, but he changes service courts so that he serves to each opponent in
turn. When the serving side loses a rally, the serve passes to their opponents
 If the new score is even, the player in the rights service court serves; if odd,
the player in the left service court will serve.
 The player's service courts are determined by their positions at the start of
the previous rally, not by where they are standing from the start of the rally
 A consequence of this system is that each time a side regain the service,
the server will be the player who did not serve last time.
 If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a
two-point lead (such as 24-22), up to a maximum of 30 points (30-29 is a
winning score)
Lets
1. For unforeseen accidents occurrence
2. If during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted at the same
time.
3. If the server serves before the receiver is ready.
4. If during play, the shuttlecock disintegrates and the base wholly separated
from the shuttle.
 PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
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5. If the line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision.

Officials of the Game

1. Referee – overall in charge of the tournament
2. Umpire – in charge of the match
3. Service judge – call service faults
4. Line judges – indicated whether a shuttle is "in" or "out."
 PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
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PERFORMANCE TEST No. 4

Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: ____________

Beginner Developing Proficient Excellent
2pts 3pts 4pts 5pts

The student demonstrates The student demonstrates The student demonstrates a The student demonstrates a
very little understanding of some understanding of how complete understanding of complete understanding of
how and where to serve and where to serve how and where to serve how and where to serve
PREPARATION

Correct form is not used at Correct form is used Correct form is used most of Correct form is used most all
all sometimes the time the time

The student demonstrates

The student demonstrates The student demonstrates a The student demonstrates a
some understanding of how
very little understanding of complete understanding of complete understanding of
to execute a serve
how to execute a serve how to execute a serve how to execute a serve

Student can get shuttlecock

EXECUTION Does not get shuttlecock Can get the shuttlecock to Can get the shuttlecock to
over but not into the correct
over the net in the majority the right spot the right spot
area of the court
of the time
Correct form is used most of Correct form is used all the
Correct form is used some of
Correct form is not used the time time
the time

The student demonstrates The student demonstrates

The student does not The student demonstrates an
some understanding of how an understanding of how to
understand how to finish off understanding of how to finish
to finish off a serve in finish off a serve in
the service in badminton. off a serve in badminton.
badminton. badminton.
FOLLOW-THROUGH
The correct form is not used The correct form is used all the
The correct form is used The correct form is used
and does not hit the target time and hits the target all the
some of the time and hits the most of the time and hits the
at all. time.
target sometimes. target most of the time.

SKILL TEST

Service

Service 1 2 3 Result

RSC
LSC

Student’s Signature: ___________________

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PERFORMANCE TEST No. 5

Name: __________________________________________ Score: _________

BADMINTON MATCH

SINGLES CATEGORY
A
__________________ vs. __________________

1st 2nd 3rd

NAME RESULT
SET SET SET

B
__________________ vs. __________________

1st 2nd 3rd

NAME RESULT
SET SET SET

DOUBLES CATEGORY
__________________ vs. __________________

1st 2nd 3rd

NAME RESULT
SET SET SET
 PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
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References:

Baylosis, M.J., Laurente, J.G., Jizmundo, J.M. Lecture Notes in P.E.3 Individual/Dual Sports
2015

Alvarez, Myrna N. et al.Physical Education 3/Dual Sports, Books Atbp.Publishing Corp.

Arevalo, Sofia A. et. Al Physical Activities for the Filipina, New day Publisher.

Tulio, Doris D. at AL Individual Sports P.e. 3, Books Atbp.Publishing Corp. 2004.

Ybanez, Evangeline B. Recreational Activities, Seguiban Printers and Publishing

House,1999

www.brianmac.co.uk/athletics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oG4s7kGA7Rk&feature=youtu.be

https://us.humankinetics.com/blogs/excerpt/understanding-tournaments-and-leagues

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080825065909AA0wrWX

https://broadsportsgigs.wordpress.com/track-and-field/

http://www.allstaractivities.com/sports/trackandfield/trackandfield-events.html

https://www.slideshare.net/christiangleph/pehandoutsedited-120801021802phpapp01

https://www.brianmac.co.uk/longjump/index.html
 PE 3 – INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
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MA. NADINE R. GUILLEN is a graduate of West Visayas State

University with a degree of Bachelor in Physical Education. She
took the Licensure Examination last September 27, 2015 and
passed the said exam. She has now completed her academic
requirements in Master’s degree program major in Physical
Education at Aklan State University – New Washington Campus.
Currently teaching as an Instructor and the Cultural Coordinator
of Aklan State University – Banga campus.

SHERWIN TEMPORAZA MANARES is an alumnus of Aklan State

University – Teacher Education Center Makato Campus
graduated as the Cum Laude of the Bachelor of Physical
Education major in School Physical Education. He took the
Licensure Examination for Teachers last September 29, 2019 and
able to passed the said examination. Currently, he is taking his
Master’s Degree at Aklan State University - College of Fisheries
and Marine Sciences New Washington-Campus with the program
of Master of Arts in Education major in Physical Education. He is
also teaching as an Instructor, teaching PE subjects at Aklan State
University-Banga Campus.

JERIC DUMALAOG TERSOL is a graduate of Bachelor of Physical

Education major in School Physical Education of the Aklan State
University- Teacher Education Center. He is a Dean’s lister and
student awardee. He took the Licensure Examination for Teacher
on September 29, 2018 (LET) and passed the said exam. Currently
he is teaching at Aklan State University Banga Campus.
Ongoingly, taking his Master in Education (MAED) Major in Physical
Education at Aklan State University – New Washington Campus.
He is also teaching as an Instructor, teaching PE subjects at Aklan
State University-Banga Campus.

JOJIE S. GABALES is a graduate of Aklan State University-Kalibo

Campus with a Bachelor Degree in Secondary Education major in
Physical Education, Health and Music batch 2003. She is a resident
of Malay, Aklan living at the beautiful island of Boracay. Currently
she is now taking her Master's Degree in the Program Master of
Arts in Education major in Physical Education at Aklan State
University - New Washington Campus. She was also teaching as
an Instructor, teaching PE subjects at Aklan State University-Kalibo
Campus.