LESSON

MIDTERM PERIOD

WEEK 5
CHAPTER 3: Track and Field
-Introduction
-History and Origins of the Sport
-Rules and Scoring

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. discuss the history of track and field

2. identify the benefits of track and field
3. explain the rules and scoring of track and field

INTRODUCTION

Track and field, or athletics as it is called in many countries, is the designation

given to contests for men and women that involve running, jumping for height and
distance, and throwing for distance using implements of standardized design.
Competitions in track and field are called meets and are usually held outdoors, with
the running events taking place on a portion of or around a 400-m (437.2-yd) or 440-
yd (402.3-m) oval made out of cinders, clay, or synthetic compounds.

ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Surf the internet and look for the benefits of track and field.
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Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.

DISCUSSION
Ancient History
Track and field has been around since the start of the Olympics in Ancient
Greece in 776 B.C. It was created alongside religious events and celebrations for the
Greek gods where men (no women were allowed) could show off their athletic abilities.
From there it spread to the Romans who continued the games until the Christian
Emperor Theodosius I banned them in 394 A.D. because of their ties to pagan beliefs.
While it has grown since its inception, the first games included categories such a
sprint races, long jump, discus, shot put and javelin. The track and field events in
these ancient times still remain in today's sport. Victors were praised and celebrated
by their home cities for their success in these games.

Modern Age
While track and field has a long and storied history, it did not gain great
popularity and take off until the 1860s. In 1866, England held its first championships
for men amateurs. No financial compensation was provided to the winners, setting
precedent for the modern-day Olympics and basis for the sport. Momentum behind
track and field started to grow in England and later traveled to the United States. The
Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) was founded in the U.S. in 1887 and has been the
governing body for the sport since. Just shy of 10 years later, the modern Olympics
began in 1896 with track and field amongst the list of participating sports.

Rules and Scoring

All races are started by the firing of a gun by an official at the starting line. For
races up to and including one lap of an outdoor track, the runners must stay for the
entire distance within lanes marked on the track. There may be six to eight lanes, with
each lane usually measuring 1.2 m (4 ft) in width. The winner in each race is the
runner whose torso first breaks the vertical plane of the finish line. Races are timed
either by mechanical watches or by more sophisticated, electronic photo-timers that
can measure finishes to the hundredth of a second. Sometimes, owing to the number
of contestants in a competition, qualifying rounds, or heats, are held to narrow the
contestants down to the fastest runners.
Athletes in the field events also have qualifying rounds. In the horizontal jumps
and throws athletes are allowed three preliminary attempts if the field numbers more
than eight participants. Then the best performers are allowed three more attempts. In
the vertical jumps the high jump and pole vault - the participants are allowed to
continue until they have three successive failures. If two or more contestants’ tie, the
competitor with the fewest failures at the last height cleared is the winner; if still tied,
the total number of failures is the deciding factor; if a tie remains, the total number of
jumps is considered. Scoring differs according to the meet. Many national
competitions are scored on the basis of 10 points for first place, 8 for second, on down
to 1 point for sixth. In international meets, the scoring is 5 for first place, 3 for second,
2 for third, and 1 for fourth. The team with the highest total wins.
For road races, cross-country meets, and walking competitions, the winner is
given 1 point, the second-place finisher 2 points, and so on; the finish positions are
totaled, and the team with the lowest score is the winner

Doris D. Tulio Ph. D. et. al. PE-3 individual and dual sports Atbp. Publishing
corp.
ACTIVITY 2

Direction: Surf the internet and look for the different equipment for track and
field. And explain the use of particular equipment.

Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.

SUMMARY

Track and Field is the second oldest organized competitive sport in the
Philippines. Almost as soon as the Americans landed in this country, baseball was
introduced and track and field followed soon after. As early as 1903 athletic
competition were held in almost regions of the country. In the interscholastic meet
which is held almost yearly athletes are discovered for our country’s participation to
the Asian and Olympic Games

WEEK 6
CHAPTER 4: (continuation of track and field)
Types of Events
-Track Events
-Field events

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 differentiate the track events and field events
 explain the five categories of track events
 discuss the characteristic of field event

INTRODUCTION

Track and Field is the second oldest organized competitive sport in the
Philippines. Almost as soon as the Americans landed in this country, baseball was
introduced and track and field followed soon after. As early as 1903 athletic
competition were held in almost regions of the country. In the interscholastic meet
which is held almost yearly athletes are discovered for our country’s participation to
the Asian and Olympic Games
ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Identify the following equipment:

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Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.
DISCUSSION

 Track Events
Specific track events include indoor and outdoor sprints. Indoor sprints range from 50
yards to 500 meters and outdoor sprints are, 100, 200, or 400 meters. Middle distance
races range from 800 to 2,000 meters and long distances range from 3,000 to 30,000
meters.
In addition to the sprints, there are also hurdles and relay teams. Hurdles are
placed on the track and the athlete must run while jumping over the barriers. Men
must cross 10 hurdles in either the 110 or 400-meter race and women must cross
eight hurdles at 100 or 400 meters. Relay teams are composed of four athletes who
each run separate distances or legs of the race. The 4x100m and 4x400m are most
common.
 Field Events
Today's field events include high jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump, shot put,
discus, javelin, and hammer. Vertical jump competitions include the high jump and
pole vault. These events are scored by the height at which each athlete reaches
without knocking down the pole/marker. Horizontal jump competitions include the
long and triple jump. Both of these are measured by how far an athlete can jump
forward, with the winner jumping the farthest into a sandpit from a runway. The triple
jump has specific components of a hop, step, and jump. Throwing competitions
include shot put, discus, javelin, and hammer. The winner of these events succeeds by
throwing the object the farthest.
Athletic Types of Events
Currently, there are 44 different events that are part of the track and field
competitions no matter what type of a competition is being held. These events can be
firstly divided into two different categories on the basis of areas where they are being
held.

 First category is the track events and this category includes all of the running
as well as walking events that are part of the given competition.
 The second category in this respect includes field events such as throwing and
vaulting events. Besides these two categories that are also two categories that
combine events from these two categories and they are decathlon and
heptathlon. As we have previously mentioned, track events include all the
running and walking events. However, these events can also be divided into
separate categories. One of the categories of track events is sprint races, the
races that require running on a track over 100, 200 or 400 meters. The races in
this category are very quick and they demand much bigger muscle mass of the
runners in comparison to the runners on longer distance. Winners of these
sprint races together with the winner of the marathon often get the most
respect in every track and field sporting events including Olympic Games.
The second categories of track events are the middle distance races. These races
together with the marathon are usually considered to be the toughest races out of all
track and field disciplines. The reason for middle races that is that runners in these
races must physical endurance in order to achieve respectable results. This category
includes races on 800 meters, 1500 meters and they are also combine strength and
the being held in every track and field competitions including Olympic Games.

 Third category is long distance races. This category includes races on 3,000
meter Steeplechase, 5,000 meters, 10,000 meters, Marathon (42, 195
kilometers or 26.2 miles). Unlike sprint or middle distance races, the long
distance races have little to do with the strength but rather with endurance and
the right intake of oxygen while running. This category included 3,000 meter
Steeplechase in which runners run 3,000 meters with different types of
obstacles including classic hurdles as well as water obstacles.
 Fourth category of track events are hurdles races. This category includes 100
meters hurdles for women, 110 meters hurdles for men and 400 meters
hurdles. For the races in this category several factors are very important and
those are the strength, the speed and the ability to coordinate the speed and
the jumping over the hurdles.
 The fifth category is relays. These relays are mostly team races and they are two
types of relays: 4 x 100 and 4 x 400. The rules for these races are very strict
and they easily get broken and because of that a lot of teams get disqualified
and these races are together with sprint race the most interesting races of the
track and field events The final category of the track events includes 20
kilometer race walk as well as 50 kilometer race walk and many athletes who
tried this discipline will tell you that this is probably the most difficult discipline
of the track and field events.

Field Events
The second category of athletic events are field events. These events can also be
divided into several categories. The first category of the field events are horizontal
jumps and they include long jump and triple jump. In long jump, jumpers start
running from one end of the runway and then they take a jump in the sand. The
distance of the jump is measured from the 20 centimeters wide board to the mark
when athlete first broke the sand. The second category of the field events are vertical
jumps and there are two disciplines in this category and they are high jump and pole
vault. In high jump, athletes are competing in who get jump higher over the pole. On
the other hand, in pole vault athletes are also competing who can jump higher but this
time athletes use pole in order to get higher jump. One difference between these two
disciplines is that the heights in pole vault are much bigger than in high jump.

 The final category of the field events are the throws. There are several
types of throws and they are Discus Throw, Hammer Throw, Javelin
Throw, and Shot Put. For throwing discus, the most important thing is the
footwork through which athletes rotate their bodies in order to throw the
discus the best they can. In Hammer Throw, just like in are throwing
hammer from the cage and both use the body rotation in order to throw
the best they can. The Javelin Throw includes the runway on which
athletes start running and before they throw the javelin and they must do
that Discus Throw, athletes before reaching the foul line, otherwise their
throw will not be counted.
Doris D. Tulio Ph. D. et. al. PE-3 individual and dual sports Atbp. Publishing
corp.

ACTIVITY 2
Direction:
To assess your learning, answer the following questions
Explain the difference between track event and field even.
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Discuss the characteristic of field event.

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Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.

SUMMARY

These competitions held once by Greek and Roman warriors could be

considered the birthplace of true sport. Track and field has grown to one of the most
participated and popular sports around the world. Whether you are an avid all-year
fan or just catch the highlights every four years watching the Olympics, track and field
has been a part of history since ancient times and will continue to be for many years
to come.

WEEK 7
CHAPTER 5: Mechanical Analysis of Basic Skills for Track and Field

At the end of the lesson, student will be able to

 identify the types of running races
 differentiate the short distance races and long distance races
 explain hurdles and relay races
INTRODUCTION

Constituency
 Running Events
 Sprints – 100; 200; and 400 meter dashes
 Middle or long distance run – 800; 1500 meter run
 Hurdles – low and high barriers
 Relays
 Jumping Events
 Long jump or running broad jump
 High jump
 Pole vault
 Triple jump
 Weight throwing
 Shot put
 Discus
 Javelin

ACTIVITY 1
Direction: give the different types of running races. Explain the mechanics and the
basic skills

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DISCUSSION

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS F BASIC SKILLS

Sprints

A. The Start.

There are three kinds of start - the bunch, the medium, and the elongated.
These, however, differ only in the spacing or distance between the feet. The
most commonly used is the medium start because it allows greater relaxation in
the set position, and so this kind of start is the one to be analyzed here.

1. “On your mark" Position

a. Rear foot approximately 30" to 35" from starting line, front foot on line even
with knee of back leg.
b. Fingers and thumb in tripod position behind line and a shoulder-width
apart.
c. Eyes focused on spot about 8 feet down the track.
2. "Get set" Position
a. Weight now over the arms shifted toward and up, not up and forward.
 b. Hips raised about 20 cm. above shoulders.
c. Eyes now are on spot 3 to 5 feet in front of starting line.
d. Concentrate on rear leg and opposite arm.
e. Take a breath on signal and hold until it is made.
3. At the Gun or "Go" Signal
a. Rear leg pushed off forcibly or forcefully and comes out low, fast, and close
to the ground.
b. Opposite arm drives forward hard and straight ahead.
c. Other arm drives back hard and only as far as hip
d. Hips go forward.
e. Exhale on gun signal and think of being ahead at 20 yards rather than
getting out first.

B. The Stride

1. Hand and Arm Positions

a. Hands cupped moderately and maintained in natural alignment with
forearms.
b. Arms bent at elbows to approximately form a right angle.

2. Arm Action
a. Arms swing parallel to sides of body smoothly moving in an arc not higher
than chin or shoulder on the upswing, and as far back as the hip pocket on
the backswing.
b. Elbows keep close to body to prevent a diagonal upswing across the body.

3. Position of Trunk
a. Body inclined as far forward as 20 degrees from the vertical with legs being
more behind than body.
b. Proper body lean angle maintained by pushing the shoulder forward with
chest out and sticking chin out front.

4. Leg Action
a. Rear foot pushed against running surface (bounce) to start the forward
movement (recovery) of the other leg.
b. Knee-lift-The knee is brought up to a horizontal level with thigh, or even higher,
before driving leg down.
c. Foot landing - Foot landing on ball and heel re-maining off ground as body
passes over foot.

5. Running the Curve

a. Left shoulder is forward at the inner line of the lane.
b. Left arm swings parallel to the body.
c. Right arm swings across body diagonally.
d. The downward force is given emphasis for left arm, and upward force for
right arm.
 C. The Gather and Finish.

At 20 yards to the finish line is the time to gather for a burst to the tape.

1. Take a breath and gather mentally for finish.

2. Lengthen stride by getting higher on toes and knees higher.
3. Jaw and hands are loose.
4. Head down and keep eyes on finish tape.
5. Drive through tape as if there were 10 yards more to go.
6. Lunge Push well forward with arms down and back.
7. Shrug Throw off one arm and shoulder toward finish line.

Distance Runs or Races

A. The Start
Get a good start as in the sprint and get in favorable position as soon as possible.
B. The Stride
Basically, the strides are the same as in sprints. However, there are certain
modifications due to the fact that in distance races there must be conservation of
energy and energy distribution.

1. Trunk is straighter than in sprints.

2. Strides are shorter and more rhythmic.
3. Arm and leg action much less vigorous.
4. Hands are more relaxed and carried lower.
5. Knee action not so high.
6. May either be ball-heel landing or heel-ball landing.

C. The Coast
This is sometimes called floating and is done during middle of races to conserve
energy. This is done by:

1. Concentration on relaxing and lowering arm.

2. Varying rhythm of stride and breathing.
3. Changing length of strides.

D. The Finish
In the last few yards the distance runner finishes just like the sprint.

Hurdles

A. The Start
Get a good start as in the sprint, and have a fast and smooth approach to first
hurdle.
Most high hurdlers take 8 steps to first hurdle and 3 steps in between.
Low hurdlers take 10 steps and 7 steps in between.

B. Hurdle Clearance
1. Body leans sharply forward.
2. Opposite arm is thrust forward parallel to lead leg.
3. Other arm bent at elbow is swung partially backward.
 4. On top of bar, take-off leg (trailing leg) is brought up and bent at almost right
angles at hip, and as it passes over bar the knee and foot are almost in line.
5. Shoulder is pushed forward to get as close as possible to knee.
6. As trailing leg is above hurdle, leading leg is snapped down sharply and
lands in slightly flexed position.

C. The Finish
After clearing the last hurdle the hurdler finishes like a sprinter.

Relay
A. Baton Passing
1. Approaching runner holds baton at the bottom so receiver has plenty of room to
get a good grip on it.
2. Outgoing runner or receiver starts moving forward as incoming runner
approaches, and exchange is done in a zone 20 meters long.
3. The Non-Visual Pass is used for sprint relays.
a. Outgoing runner or receiver does not look back.
b. Right arm is extended to the rear of about 45 degrees from body.
c. Thumb of right hand is held away from index finger making an inverted "V"
with palm facing rear.
d. Approaching runner brings up baton to the "VV target.

4. The Visual Pass is used for distance relays.

a. Receiver looks back.
b. The hand is presented, palm up, so baton may be handed forward for him to
grab.
c. Approaching runner holds baton out at shoulder level

Long Jump (Running Broad Jump)

A. The Approach
The distance of the run varies from 80 to 100 feet. Stride plans are suggested here
for the jumper to find out which is most effective for him. Generally, three check
marks or spots are placed on the runway to determine when momentum is gained
slowly, fairly fast, or extreme. ly fast. Where to place checkmarks is described below:

1. 24-8 Stride Plan. Starting from take-off board, take8 running strides on
runway and make it first checkmark; now take 4 strides for the second
checkmark; and then take 2 strides and make it the third checkmark.

2. 2-4-10 Stride Plan. From take-off board, make 10 running strides to make first
checkmark; 4 strides for second checkmark; 2 strides for third checkmark.

3. 4-6-10 Stride Plan. From take-off board, have 10 strides first checkmark; 6
strides for second checkmark; 4 strides for third checkmark.
The jumper runs 9/10 speed when he hits the checkmark nearest the take-off
board.

B. The Take-Off
1. Hit take-off board flatfooted in a hard stamp; take-off feet under body with
slight dip at knee.
 2. Kick the free leg forward and straighten and push backward forcefully the take-
off leg.
3. Fling arms vigorously upward and synchronize with the movement of the legs to
lift the body in flight.

C. The Flight
1. Keep head high and feet forward.
2. Float style also called running-in air style.
3. Hitch kick style also called running-in-air style done by swinging the lead leg
forward, backward, and then forward while forcefully kicking take-off leg for-
ward and upward.
4. Hang-style jump- done by swinging the legs only after body has reached top
flight.

D. The Landing
1. Land with feet spread about 8 inches apart as body can go between knees and
forward.
2. Lean forward and flex knees, and make a forward thrust of hands.

High Jump

A. The Western Roll

1. The approach to the bar is about 45 degrees angle
2. The take-off is done about 3 feet from bar.
a. Use checkmark which is determined thus:
1) Stand in front of bar, facing it obliquely at 45 degrees angle.
2) Kick closer up toward bar.
3) If feet just clears bar, then the toes of foot on ground are at correct
checkmark for take-off.

b. Make the take-off or jump with feet closest to bar.

c. Kick outside foot forward and upward, throw up arms, throw back head
and shoulders when the swing is made with inside foot.

3. Bar Clearance
a. Just after take-off and while lead leg is clearing bar, tuck arms in close to
chest.
b. Move out arms in front as body rolls over to land in pit.

4. The Landing. Land on take-off foot.

B. The Straddle Style

The straddle style is a variation of the western roll. It is sometimes called "belly
roll" or "barrel roll."

1. The approach, address of bar, and take-off are similar, but in this style the
jumper runs faster and farther.
2. In bar clearance, the jumper crosses bar with face down and lands on foot
opposite to his take-off foot.

Shot Put
 The shot is put from a ring or circle 7 feet in diameter, with toe board 4 feet
long and 4 inches wide at the front edge o the ring.

A. The Stance and the Hold

1. Take a position at back of ring, with back toward toe board, the feet about a
shoulder width apart.
2. Plant right leg solidly at rear of ring8. Toes of right foot pointing slightly
toward rear edge.
3. Nestle shot in palm of right hand, fingers held close together, thumb slightly
to the edge of the shot.
4. Hold and place shot against neck just under right cheek.
5. Keep right elbow down at a distance from side.
6. Hold left arm high with forearm parallel to shoulder at chest level.

B. The Hop and Thrust

1. Start the hop by bending forward at the waist, lifting leg up and cocking it in
forward position.
2. Thrust left leg to the rear, and hop backward on right foot.
3. Keep body moving and turning left in the direction of the board.
4. Step on left foot and in one explosive movement, push right arm forward and
upward as right leg pushes backward.
5. Important forward and upward thrust with left arm as hot is allowed to roll
from palm to fingers.
6. Deliver the final force to the shot with a flick of the right wrist.

C. The Reverse
1. Reverse the direction of the body to complete the put by stepping with right
foot toward the toe board.
2. Swing left leg backward, sideward, ending up with left side of body toward
the center of the circle.

Discuss Throw

The discus is thrown from a ring or circle 8 feet 2-1/2 inches in diameter. All
throws must fall in a 60-degree sector.

A. The Stance and Hold

1. The stance is the same as that in the shot put.
2. Grasp the discus flat against palm of throwing hand, with the first joint of
fingers on edge of discus.
3. Spread fingers evenly to cover as much see surface as possible.

B. The Spin and Pass

1. Bring discus down and behind body in pendulum movement and allowing left
across the body.
2. Start the spin by stepping on left leg backward toward the center of circle while
pivoting on right foot.
3. Now swing right foot in front of body while left foot pivots, then step right foot
forward with the body making a 3/4 turn counterclockwise.
4. Pivot now on right foot, step forward with left foot. and make a 1/2 turn
counterclockwise.
 5. Bring right foot pointing in direction of toes, right arm starts to come through,
and pull sharply down- ward and to the rear.
6. Thrust right hip forward and into the toes, and discus comes off the front edge
of hand as wrist is snapped toward the release at shoulder height. arm to swing
up and

The Reverse

1. Shift weight back to right foot.

2. Swing left leg and arm around and back.

Javelin Throw

A. The Grip
1. Hold javelin out in front in vertical position with the point down.
2. Now place right hand on the upper part of javelin and slide hand down until
the bottom of the cord grip; the three fingers grasping the cord grip and the
index finger and thumb on the upper end of cord grip.

B. The Carry
Three Styles of Carry:
1. Finnish Style - Javelin is carried over they should with point slightly down.
2. American Carriage - Javelin is carried over shoulder with point slightly up.
3. Another American Style- The arm is down with point forward and palm of
hand turned inward and back.

C. The Approach Run

1. Varies from 50 100 feet
2. Start slowly and increase speed with a bounding and relaxed stride as take-
off is approached, synchronize javelin movement and leg action.
3. At a point approximately 30 feet from line, plant left foot at an angle of about
45 degrees to the right.
4. Lower right arm to bring javelin down and out to the rear.
5. Take a short step with right foot across the left in front; turn head to the
right and slightly to rear bring up and cock left arm in a slightly bent
position in front of chest, javelin, now, is pointing upward at an angle of 45
degrees.

D. The Throw or Release

1. Bring left leg forward, cock right arm by bending it at elbow to raise javelin,
pull left arm forward and downward.
2. Uncock the forearm in an upward and slightly sidearm throw; release javelin
in an upward flight at about an angle of 45 degrees; complete the movement
of the throw with left leg imparting a thrust to body.

SUMMARY OF BASIC RULES IN TRACK AND FIELD

Sprinting
 1. Foul tactics such as disconcerting an opponent cannot be used.
Disqualification is made after two warnings.
2. false start may be called for non-compliance to the command "On your
mark" or "Get set."
3. A false start may also be declared if runner jumps the run.
4. No runner can change his lane.

Hurdling
1. The hurdler's entire body must pass over each hurdle.
2. Running around hurdle is not allowed.
3. Hurdler must keep his lane.
4. No disqualifications made for knocking over a number of hurdles.

Relay Races
1. Disqualification cannot be made on only one man.
2. The baton must be passed only inside the 20-meter passing zone.
3. The baton must be carried only in the hand.
4. A baton that is dropped must be recovered legally.
5. The last man must have the baton until the finish.
6. No runner must interfere with his opponent even after passing the baton.

High Jump
1. No displacement of crossbar after it is cleared.
2. It is a false jump if after clearing the bar it is knocked down through jumper's
fault.

Long Jump
1. The shoe must not touch the scratch line nor extend over it.
2. The foot must not drag during the jump.

Shot Put
1. The legal put must be used.
2. Competitor must put within the proper area.
3. The use of any assisting device is not allowed.
4. The put must be done from within the circle.
5. After the put the competitor must stay within the circle until the distance is
marked.

Discus
1. The throw must be within the sector.
2. Stay within the circle until distance is marked.
3. The complete throw must be within the circle.
4. The proper discus must be used.

PRELIMINARY SKILL PRACTICES AND SKILL GAMES

Dash for Skill Practice or Drill

 Dashes for the elementary school children may be the 35-50 meter dash or the
45-60 meter dashes, depending on children's abilities and past experiences.

Starting position: Some may prefer to start from standing position, but a crouch is
more effective. Player is on one knee about 6 inches behind starting line. Toes of back
foot are turned for the take-off. Fingers are placed on starting line.

“On your mark" - relaxed crouch position.

Get set" - weight forward, knee off ground.
"Go" - push from back foot, start run in crouch position, body
inclined forward for at least ten paces. Time is determined
from starting signal until player crosses end line.

Use softball. Starting line and zones are marked. However, distances for Zone l
will depend on lowest achievement. The zone in which ball first touches the ground is
that scored. Each child has 3 tries, and the best of the three is recorded. Player may
use a run when throwing but they may not step over the starting line.

Shuttle Broad Jump

Formation: Players are divided into two teams of equal number of members. A line is
drawn on the ground. The first jumper on Team A toes this line.

On signal, the first jumper on Team A jumps and then a mark is placed at this
jumper s heels. The first jumper from Team B toes this mark and jumps in the
opposite direction. This continues until all on both teams have jumped. If the last
player or jumper from Team B crosses the original line, Team B wins. If he falls short
of this line, Team A wins.

Ladder of Success Relay

Formation: A starting line for all teams is drawn on the side of the playing area.
Teams are arranged in column behind starting line.

On signal, the first player on each team jumps straight forward and stays in
place, after which the rest of the players move forward with the second player making
the heel position of jumper. The first player now goes behind the line with the second
player occupying the marked position of the jumper. This player now makes a broad
jump also forward with all the rest moving forward, the third player now making the
heel position of jumper and immediately taking his position there. The second player
now goes behind the line. This continues until all players will each have a turn to
jump. The team whose line is farther from the starting line is declared winner.

Shuttle Relay Race

Formation: Children are divided into two teams of equal number of members. Each
team is again divided into two groups and they stand facing each other
with the front players toeing two parallel lines drawn with distance of 40-
50 yards as shown on diagram

On signal, Player No. 1 runs forward to touch the extended hand of Player No. 2
and continues running forward to the end of the opposite group. No. 2 runs forward to
touch the extended hand of No. 3 who, by this time, has come forward to toe the line,
No. 3 continues the game. The game continues until everybody is in the opposite area.
The team who finishes the circuit first wins.

Doris D. Tulio Ph. D. et. al. PE-3 individual and dual sports Atbp. Publishing
corp.

ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Answer the following questions
1. When is a starter’s gun used in track and field events?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. In which track and field competition is a foul line used?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. How long is a regulation baton?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which of the following are 3 commands you heard for the start of a race?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the number one rule of etiquette for anyone around a track and field
event?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.

SUMMARY
 Track and field is a sport that contains many different disciplines, including
track sprint, track distance races, and field events, which include javelin throwing and
pole- vaulting, among others. While predominantly an individual sport (except the
relay races), in high school athletics, track and field athletes earn points based on
their finishes toward an overall team score.

WEEK 8
CHAPTER 6: Multiple-Events; Decathlon, Heptathlon and Pentathlon

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 identify the multiple-events

 discuss the different multiple-events
 explain the rules and regulation of multiple event

INTRODUCTION

The desire to discover the greatest all-round athlete dates back to the ancient
Olympic Games in Greece. A five-event 'pentathlon' was first held at the 18 th Ancient
Olympiad around 708 BC. It comprised the long jump, discus, javelin, sprint and
wrestling. The modern ten-event men's decathlon and seven event women's heptathlon
(known as 'combined events) derive from this competition.

ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Identify the different events in Decathlon, Heptathlon and Pentathlon

Decathlon  
  Pentathlon
 Heptathlon 
  
  
  
  
 
 

LECTURE

The Decathlon, Heptathlon, and Pentathlon

DECATHLON

 The decathlon is a 1O-event and competition for me.

 It takes place over two days.
 The decathlon, heptathlon, and pentathlon are combined competitions, in
which an athlete completes in several different events over a period of one or
two days.
 The athletes receive a score for their performance in each event, based on IAAF
scoring tablet.
 The winner is the athlete who receives the highest total score.
 Thus, the competitions champion is the best al around athlete, not necessary
the best competitor in any Single event.

First Day Second Day

100 Meter Run 110 m hurdles
Long jump Discus
Shot put Pole vault
High jump Javelin
400 meter run 1500 meter run

HEPTATHION

 The heptathlon is a seven-event competition for women.

 It also takes place over two days.

First Day Second Day

100 Meter Run 110 m hurdles
100m Hurdles Long Jump
High Jump Javelin
Shot put 800m
200m

PENTATHLON

 The pentathlon a one day competition of five events is rarely held today.
 The heptathlon replaced the pentathlon for women in 1981.
 The men's pentathlon events are the long jump, javelin throw, 200 meter run,
discus threw and the 1,500 meter run

BASIC RULESS AND  HURDLE EVENTS

 FIELD EVENTS
 REGULATION  LONG JUMP
 FALSE START  POLE VAULT
 OBSTRUCTION
 RELAY EVENTS

 STEEPLE CHASE
FALSE START
- It is a false start if a competitor, fails after a reasonable time to comply with the
common "set" start before the pistol is fired
- A pistol shot after a false start recalls the competitors.
- The competitor responsible must be waned.
- Competitors are disqualified after causing two false starts, or three false starts
in the decathlon and heptathlon.

OBSTEUCTION
- A Competitor who jostles, runs across or otherwise obstruct another competitor
is liable to disqualification.
- After a disqualification the referee may order the race to be re-run or in the case
of a heat, permit any affected to complete in the next round.

RELAY EVENTS

- 4x10Om relay races are run entirely in lanes.

- In races up to 4x20Om, members of a team other than the first runner may
commence running not more than 10m outside the take-over zone.
- In the 4x20@m races the first 2 stages as well as that part of the third leg up to
the exit from the first bend will be run entirely in lanes

RELAY EVENTS
 In the 4x400m races the first lap as well as the part f the second lap up to the
exit from the first bend will be run entirely in lanes.
 All competitors may break from their lanes immediately after they have passed
the exit from the first bend
 The position of the teams at the start shall be retained at each take-over z0ne.
After lanes have ceased to be used, runners can move to an inner position on
the track as incoming team members arrive, provided this can be done without
fouling.

STEEPLE CHASE
- The Olympic steeplechase is a men event run over 3,000m.
- It comprises 28 hurdle jumps and seven water jumps.
- Competitors may jump, vault or stand on the hurdles.
- The hurdles numbered (3) and (4) are positioned after the competitors have
passed by on the first lap.
- A steeplechaser will be disqualified if he steps to either side of the jump, fails to
go over or through water, and/or to his foot or lead below the horizontal plane
of the hurdles.

HURDLE EVENTS
- A hurdle will be disqualified if he trails a foot or leg below the plane of the top of
the bar of the hurdle at the instance of clearance.
- If the competitor jumps any hurdles not in his own lane.
- If the deliberately knocks down any hurdle with his hands or foot.
FIELD EVENTS
- Competitors complete in the order drawn by let.
- Unless completing in a simultaneous track event, a competitor missing his turn
in a field event is not permitted to take trial.
- A competitor who unreasonably delays a trial is liable to have that trial
disallowed and recorded as a fault
- After a second day in a competition, he shall be debarred from further trials.

LONG JUMP
 A jump is counted a failure if the competitor takes off from two feet.
 If he touches the round or landing are beyond the plane of the uprights without
first clearing the bar (whether or not he makes a jump), knocks the bar off of
the support.

POLE VAULT
- A competitor fails if he touches the ground, including the landing area beyond
the vertical plane through the upper part of the stop-board with any parts of his
body or with the pole, without first clearing the bar.
- If he knocks the bar off the supports.
- If he, after leaving the ground places his lower hand moves the upper one or
moves the upper hand higher on the pole. It is not counted a failure if a
competitor’s pole breaks.

Doris D. Tulio Ph. D. et. al. PE-3 individual and dual sports Atbp. Publishing
corp.

ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Explain the rules and regulation of Multi events, decathlon, heptathlon and
pentathlon.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Note: This activity must be submitted to your physical education teacher a week after it
was given.
SUMMARY

Athletes must approach the events strategically: some seek to maintain a high
level of performance across the full programme, others are gifted in certain disciplines
and use superior results in these to counter weaker efforts elsewhere. Many of the
world's leading decathletes and heptathletes are capable of competing individually at
an elite level in one or more of the disciplines. A special feature of both competitions is
the longest track race: the 1500m for the decathlon and 800m for the heptathlon. This
is not only because they conclude the energy-sapping schedule on day two and can
have a significant influence on the final standings, but also because they are usually
followed by an uplifting display of camaraderie. The finish line is the scene of smiles,
handshakes, embraces and a shared lap of honor, while spectators in the stadium
shower the exhausted athletes with loud applause and cheers.