1. What does the term "Cloud" refer to in the context of cloud computing?

a) A physical data center

b) A network or the internet
c) A local storage device
d) A software application
2. Which of the following is not a cloud service model?
a) SaaS
b) PaaS
c) IaaS
d) DaaS
3. What is the main benefit of cloud computing with regard to software installation?
a) It requires high-speed processors
b) It needs to be installed locally on the PC
c) It offers platform independence
d) It requires physical servers
4. What are the three major components of cloud computing?
a) Servers, Workstations, Routers
b) Clients, Data Center, Distributed Servers
c) LAN, WAN, VPN
d) SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
5. Which technology is used to share resources effectively and efficiently in distributed
systems?
a) Parallel computing
b) Grid computing
c) Utility computing
d) Virtualization
6. What is the main characteristic of utility computing?
a) It offers computational resources on demand as a metered service
b) It requires upfront payment for resources
c) It is based on a fixed subscription model
 d) It does not support scalability
7. What is the primary purpose of the Strategy Phase in cloud computing planning?
a) Selecting cloud computing providers
b) Analysing strategy problems and value proposition
c) Developing business architecture
d) Maintenance and technical service
8. What is a key characteristic of Cloud Computing that allows users to provision, monitor,
and manage computing resources as needed?
a. Resilient Computing
b. On-demand Self-services
c. multi-tenancy
d. Measured Service
9. What Cloud Computing characteristic ensures high availability and reliability through
redundancy and fault tolerance?
a. Flexible Pricing Models
b. Resilient Computing
c. Access Network Broad
d. Virtualization
10. Which advantage of Cloud Computing allows users to access applications as utilities
over the Internet?
a. Flexible Pricing Models
b. Rapid Elasticity
c. Load Balancing
d. Access Network Broad
11. What is the backend component responsible for providing a runtime
platform/environment to the virtual machine in Cloud Computing architecture?
a. Database
b. Infrastructure
c. Runtime Cloud
d. Networking
12. Which component of the frontend in Cloud Computing architecture provides a GUI
(Graphical User Interface) for interacting with the cloud?
a. Frontend
b. Client Infrastructure
c. Internet
d. Backend
13. What is the purpose of the hypervisor in Cloud Computing infrastructure?
a. Monitor and manage cloud resources.
b. Deploy and integrate applications.
c. Provide storage facilities.
d. Connect cloud services over the Internet.
14. Which component of Cloud Infrastructure is responsible for connecting cloud services
over the Internet?
a. Server
b. Networking
c. Storage
d. Deployment Software
15. What category does cloud infrastructure have basic infrastructural constraints such as
transparency, scalability, security, and intelligent monitoring fall into?
a. Computing
b. Networking
c. Storage
d. Management Software
16. Which cloud deployment model allows users to request additional resources when
needed, release unnecessary resources, and pay for only what they use?
a. Public Cloud
b. Private Cloud
c. Hybrid Cloud
d. Community Cloud
17. What characteristic of Public Cloud makes it suitable for small enterprises that want to
start businesses without large upfront investments?
 - a. Dynamic Scalability
- b. multi-tenancy
- c. No Maintenance
- d. Investment Minimal
18. What is a major drawback of Private Cloud in terms of scalability?
a. Low Customization
b. Costly
c. Less Secure
d. Less Scalable
19. Which cloud deployment model combines the services of both public and private
clouds to take advantage of their strengths?
a. Public Cloud
b. Private Cloud
c. Hybrid Cloud
d. Community Cloud
20. What is a disadvantage of Hybrid Cloud in terms of data transmission?
a. Costly
b. Difficult to Manage
c. Slow Data Transmission
d. Less Scalable
21. Community Cloud is generally managed by:
a. Multiple public cloud providers
b. A single organization
c. A third party or a combination of organizations in the community
d. Hybrid cloud providers
22. What advantage does multi-cloud offer in terms of flexibility?
a. Reduced Latency
b. Cost-effectiveness
c. Improved Performance
d. Increased Security
23. What is a potential disadvantage of multi-cloud in terms of management?
a. Improved Performance
b. Increased Costs
c. Reduced Latency
d. Complexity
24. What is the primary focus of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?
a. Providing runtime environment for applications.
b. Offering software applications as services
c. Providing access to fundamental resources like virtual machines.
d. Providing on-demand scaling and application security.
25. Which service model manages security, operating systems, server software, and
backups, allowing organizations to focus on development?
a. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
c. Software as a Service (SaaS)
d. All the above
26. What does Virtual Machine Sprawl refer to in the context of IaaS?
a. Automatic update of virtual machines
b. Running virtual machines in various states, leading to potential security issues.
c. Isolation of virtual machines for individual customers
d. Scaling resources based on processing and storage needs.
27. Which issue is specific to PaaS and is related to the constraints on applications to
answer requests within a given interval?
a. Lack of Portability between PaaS Clouds
b. Event-based Processor Scheduling
c. Security Engineering of PaaS Applications
d. Compatibility with Legacy Security Vulnerabilities
28. What is the primary benefit of Platform as a Service (PaaS) in terms of lower
administrative overhead?
a. Customers can purchase expensive hardware.
 b. Customers need not worry about administration.
c. Scalability of resources is easy.
d. More current system software is provided.
29. What is a potential drawback of Software as a Service (SaaS) related to network
dependence?
a. Automatic Update and Patch Management
b. Easier Administration
c. Lack of Portability between SaaS Clouds
d. Browser-based Risks
30. Which cloud deployment model is managed by third parties and provides cloud
services over the internet with a pay-as-you-go billing model?
a. Public Cloud
b. Private Cloud
c. Hybrid Cloud
d. Community Cloud
31. What is a characteristic of Private Cloud that distinguishes it from other deployment
models?
a. multi-tenancy
b. Better control and customization
c. Cost-effectiveness
d. Scalability
32. In Hybrid Cloud, what is the primary advantage related to cost?
a. Higher cost due to multiple providers
b. Lower cost compared to other clouds.
c. Cost depends on the specific hybrid model.
d. Fixed cost regardless of usage
33. What type of cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of
organizations with shared concerns or tasks?
a. Public Cloud
b. Private Cloud
c. Community Cloud
 d. multi-cloud
34. In Multi-Cloud deployment, what advantage contributes to improved performance and
availability?
a. Lower costs
b. Flexibility
c. Reduced latency
d. High security
35. What is a potential disadvantage of multi-cloud deployment related to complexity?
a. Improved performance
b. Flexibility
c. Increased security
d. Complexity in managing multiple providers
36. What is an advantage of multi-cloud deployment in terms of flexibility?
a. Vendor lock-in
b. Reduced latency
c. Improved performance
d. Organizations can choose the best-suited services.
37. According to the NIST CCRA, what are the five major actors in cloud computing?
a. Cloud Developer, Cloud Consumer, Cloud Architect, Cloud Auditor, Cloud Carrier
b. Cloud User, Cloud Vendor, Cloud Integrator, Cloud Inspector, Cloud Mediator
c. Cloud Consumer, Cloud Provider, Cloud Carrier, Cloud Auditor, Cloud Broker
d. Cloud Admin, Cloud Supplier, Cloud Operator, Cloud Inspector, Cloud Broker
38. What is the primary role of a Cloud Broker?
a. Provide connectivity and transport of cloud services.
b. Manage the delivery of cloud services, performance, and use
c. Conduct independent audits or assessments of cloud services
d. Enhance access, performance monitoring, and identity management.
39. In the Cloud Computing Reference Architecture, which component involves
determining service types corresponding to SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS categories?
a. Service Deployment
 b. Service Orchestration
c. Service Management
d. Cloud Security
40. What does the Privacy component in the Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
focus on?
a. Managing business processes.
b. Deployment of cloud infrastructure
c. Protecting consumers' data processed or stored via cloud services.
d. Oversight and advisory for cloud security
41. In the context of cloud service models, which category includes consumers relying on
cloud computing for general office or productivity services?
a. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
b. Information Technology as a Service (ITaaS)
c. Software as a Service (SaaS)
d. Cloud Carrier
42. What is the primary responsibility of a Cloud Carrier in the context of cloud
computing?
a. Provide connectivity and transport of cloud services
b. Manage the delivery of cloud services.
c. Conduct independent audits of cloud services
d. Enhance access and performance monitoring.
43. Which service model allows consumers to rely on cloud computing for their business
intelligence needs?
a. Software as a Service (SaaS)
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
c. Information Technology as a Service (ITaaS)
d. Cloud Carrier
44. In the context of Cloud Service Models, what does IaaS stand for?
a. Information as a Service
b. Infrastructure as a Service
c. Integration as a Service
 d. Intelligence as a Service
45. What is a potential issue associated with IaaS, specifically related to the running of
legacy software in the provider's infrastructure?
a. Lack of portability between IaaS clouds
b. Compatibility with legacy security vulnerabilities
c. Virtual machine sprawl
d. Robustness of VM-level isolation
46. Which Cloud Computing Reference Architecture component involves managing
logistical processes such as deployment or adjustment of cloud systems?
a. Service Deployment
b. Service Orchestration
c. Service Management
d. Cloud Security
47. What type of Cloud Service Model provides access to fundamental resources such as
physical machines, virtual machines, and virtual storage?
a. Software as a Service (SaaS)
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
c. Information Technology as a Service (ITaaS)
d. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
48. Which Cloud Service Model offers facilities required to support the complete life cycle
of building and delivering web applications and services from the internet?
a. Software as a Service (SaaS)
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
c. Information Technology as a Service (ITaaS)
d. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
49. In the context of Cloud Networking, what is the role of a cloud carrier?
a. Provide connectivity and transport of cloud services.
b. Manage the delivery of cloud services.
c. Conduct independent audits of cloud services
d. Enhance access and performance monitoring.
50. What does VM stand for in the context of IaaS issues?
 a. Virtual Memory
b. Virtual Monitoring
c. Virtual Machine
d. Variable Management
51. What type of environment does a Stand-alone Development Environment represent in
PaaS Types?
a. A self-contained environment for a specific function
b. An environment for application delivery only
c. An open platform offering open-source software.
d. An add-on development facility for customization
52. What is Cloud Networking?
a. Hosting only computing resources in the cloud
b. Hosting network capabilities and resources in the cloud
c. Exclusively on-premises network architecture
d. Managing software development in the cloud
53. Which of the following is a type of cloud networking method where network
architecture is on the customer's premises, but some network resources are in the cloud?
a. Cloud Networking as a Service
b. Cloud-based Networking
c. Cloud-enabled Networking
d. Cloud Computing
54. What resources or services can be hosted in the cloud as part of cloud networking?
a. Only virtual routers and firewalls
b. Network management software and connectivity
c. Load balancers and bandwidth
d. All of the above
55. What is the main difference between Cloud Networking and Cloud Computing?
a. Cloud Networking is more specific, focusing on hosting networking
resources.
b. Cloud Computing involves delivering hosted services over the internet.
 c. Cloud Networking includes only public cloud services.
d. Cloud Computing is exclusive to private cloud deployments.
56. What are the two main types of cloud networking?
a. Public and Private Networking
b. On-premises and Off-premises Networking
c. Cloud-enabled Networking and Cloud-based Networking
d. IaaS and PaaS Networking
57. In Cloud Networking, what is the function of the Access Layer in a Data Center
Network?
a. Providing a consolidation point for access layer switches
b. Offering connectivity between servers for multi-tier applications
c. Providing highly available, high-performance Layer-3 switching
d. Connecting multiple data centers in a private clou
58. What is the primary function of the Aggregation Layer in Cloud Networking's Data
Center Network?
a. Providing a consolidation point for access layer switches
b. Offering connectivity between servers for multi-tier applications
c. Providing highly available, high-performance Layer-3 switching
d. Connecting multiple data centers in a private cloud
59. What is the role of the Core Layer in Cloud Networking's Data Center Network?
a. Offering connectivity between servers for multi-tier applications
b. Providing highly available, high-performance Layer-3 switching
c. Connecting multiple data centers in a private cloud
d. Providing a consolidation point for access layer switches
60. What does DCIN stand for in Cloud Networking's Data Center Interconnect Network?
a. Data Center Internet Network
b. Distributed Cloud Interconnect Network
c. Data Center Interconnect Network
d. Digital Cloud Infrastructure Network
61. How does Cloud Networking support regional expansions and redundancy plans for
organizations?
a. By hosting only computing resources in the cloud
b. By focusing exclusively on private cloud deployments.
c. By connecting multiple data centers in a private, public, or hybrid cloud.
d. By using the Access Layer in Data Center Network