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10. The time, T seconds, that a pendulum takes to complete one swing is modelled by the formula

T = al b

where l metres is the length of the pendulum and a and b are constants.
(a) Show that this relationship can be written in the form

log10 T = b log10 l + log10 a

(2)

log10 T
(0.21, 0.45)

O log10 l
(– 0.7, 0)

Figure 3

A student carried out an experiment to find the values of the constants a and b.
The student recorded the value of T for different values of l.
Figure 3 shows the linear relationship between log10 l and log10 T for the student’s data.
The straight line passes through the points (– 0.7, 0) and (0.21, 0.45)
Using this information,
(b) find a complete equation for the model in the form

T = al b

giving the value of a and the value of b, each to 3 significant figures.

(3)
(c) With reference to the model, interpret the value of the constant a.
(1)
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8.
N, in the first

N = Ae kt t 0
A and k t
Given that
•
•

(4)

(2)
M, in the second

M = 500e kt
t 0
k t
Given that T

T.
(3)
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d
V
d V d V

d
d

O V

O V

d kV n k n

k
n

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9. A quantity of ethanol was heated until it reached boiling point.

The temperature of the ethanol, °C, at time t seconds after heating began, is modelled
by the equation

=A Be t

where A and B are positive constants.

Given that
the initial temperature of the ethanol was 18 °C
after 10 seconds the temperature of the ethanol was 44 °C
(a) find a complete equation for the model, giving the values of A and B
to 3 significant figures.
(4)
Ethanol has a boiling point of approximately 78 °C
(b) Use this information to evaluate the model.
(2)
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6. The mass, m grams, of a radioactive substance t years after first being observed, is
modelled by the equation

m = 25e1 – kt

where k is a positive constant.

(a) State the value of m when the radioactive substance was first observed.
(1)

Given that the mass is 50 grams, 10 years after first being observed,
1 1 
(b) show that k = ln  e
10  2  (4)

(c) Find the value of t when m = 20, giving your answer to the nearest year.
(3)
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6. A hot piece of metal is dropped into a cool liquid. As the metal cools, its temperature
T degrees Celsius, t minutes after it enters the liquid, is modelled by

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T = 300e–0.04t + 20, t 0

(a) Find the temperature of the piece of metal as it enters the liquid.
(1)

(b) Find the value of t for which T = 180, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.

(Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable.)

(4)

(c) Show, by differentiation, that the rate, in degrees Celsius per minute, at which the
temperature of the metal is changing, is given by the expression
20 − T
25
(3)
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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9.
P

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O t

Figure 2

The population of a species of animal is being studied. The population P, at time t years
from the start of the study, is assumed to be

9000e kt ,
P = kt t 0
3e + 7

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where k is a positive constant.

A sketch of the graph of P against t is shown in Figure 2.

Use the given equation to

(a) find the population at the start of the study,

(2)

(b) find the value for the upper limit of the population.
(1)

Given that P = 2500 when t = 4

(c) calculate the value of k, giving your answer to 3 decimal places.

(5)
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Using this value for k,

dP
(d) find, using , the rate at which the population is increasing when t = 10
dt

Give your answer to the nearest integer.

(3)
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10. A population of insects is being studied. The number of insects, N, in the population, is
modelled by the equation
300

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N = t ∈ R, t " 0
3 + 17e −0.2t

where t is the time, in weeks, from the start of the study.

Using the model,

(a) find the number of insects at the start of the study,

(1)

(b) find the number of insects when t = 10,

(2)

(c) find the time from the start of the study when there are 82 insects.
(Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable.)
(4)

(d) Find, by differentiating, the rate, measured in insects per week, at which the number

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of insects is increasing when t = 5. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
(3)
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O T t

160e0.6t
P t t
15 + e0.8t
P t
P t

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P
t

Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable

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*P48255A04452*
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t

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t
t

t
N

N
 www.yesterdaysmathsexam.com

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PT

O T t

100e −0.1t
P t t
1 + 3e −0.9t

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P t

P t

P
t

PT t T

PT
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Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable

t T k
k

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9. The amount of an antibiotic in the bloodstream, from a given dose, is modelled by the
formula

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x = D e–0.2t

where x is the amount of the antibiotic in the bloodstream in milligrams, D is the dose
given in milligrams and is the time in hours after the antibiotic has been given.

(a) Use the model to find the amount of the antibiotic in the bloodstream 4 hours after the
dose is given. Give your answer in mg to 3 decimal places.
(2)

same model for the second dose,

(b) show that the total amount of the antibiotic in the bloodstream 2 hours after the

(2)

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No more doses of the antibiotic are given. At time T hours after the second dose is given,
the total amount of the antibiotic in the bloodstream is 7.5 mg.

 b
(c) Show that T = a ln  b +  , where a and are integers to be determined.
 e
(4)
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4. Water is being heated in an electric kettle. The temperature, °C, of the water t seconds
after the kettle is switched on, is modelled by the equation

= 120 – 100e , 0 T

(a) State the value of when t = 0

(1)

Given that the temperature of the water in the kettle is 70 °C when t = 40,
ln a
(b) find the exact value of , giving your answer in the form , where a and b are
integers. b
(4)

When t = T, the temperature of the water reaches 100 °C and the kettle switches off.

(c) Calculate the value of T to the nearest whole number.

(2)
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8. A rare species of primrose is being studied. The population, P, of primroses at time t years
after the study started is modelled by the equation

800e0.1t ,
P= t ! 0, t ∈ R
1 + 3e0.1t

(a) Calculate the number of primroses at the start of the study.

(2)

(b) Find the exact value of t when P = 250, giving your answer in the form a ln(b) where
a and b are integers.
(4)
dP
(c) Find the exact value of when t =10. Give your answer in its simplest form.
dt
(4)

(d) Explain why the population of primroses can never be 270

(1)
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