Student: Aidan Pinard_____________________

Teachers: Mr. Robinson (set) □

Mr. Castillo □
PRE CAPE EXAMINATIONS 2020
PHYSICS UNIT 2
PAPER 2
2 hours and 30 minutes

LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

Permeability of free space µ0 = 4π x 10-7 H m-1

Permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1

1
= 9.0 x 109 m F-1
4 π ϵ0

Elementary charge e = 1.60 x 10-19 C

The Planck’s constant h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s

Unified atomic mass constant u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg
Rest mass of electron me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg

Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s-1

1 Atmosphere Atm = 1.00 x 105 N m-2

Avogadro’s constant NA = 6.02 x 1023 per mol

 Answer All Questions

1. An experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of resistance R (Ω), with temperature T(K),
of a thermometric device. The readings in Table 1 were obtained.

TABLE 1: RESISTANCE AND TEMPERATURE

R/Ω x 103 T/K ln R

1.1 298 7.00

0.8 304 6.68

0.6 312 6.40

0.4 323 5.99

0.2 345 5.30

0.1 371 4.61

(a) Complete column 3 in Table 1. [2]

(b) Using an appropriate scale, plot a graph of ln R vs T on the grid provided in Figure 1 on page 3.
Draw the line of best fit through the points. [4]

(c) The equation relating absolute temperature and resistance is

R=R 0 e−βT

Use this equation and your graph to find the value of β.

lnR=ln R0 e− β T
lnR=−β T + ln R 0
−β=m
370−305
m=
4.625−6.5
m=¿

[4]

(d) Identify the type of thermometric device used in the investigation. Justify your answer.

The thermometric device used in the investigation is the thermistor, because it has an Negative

Temperature Coefficient similar to that of a thermistor.

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ [2]
 (e) State THREE differences between the resistivity of this conductor and that of most metals.

The resistivity of this conductor is not ohmic, like most other metals, and hence its temperature does

not increase proportionally to resistance.

________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(f) (i) State Coulomb's law for electrostatic charges.

q1 q2
F=k
r2

____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) Explain the meaning of Electric field strength

Electric field strength is defined as the intensity of a point charge.
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________ _________________ [1]

(iii) Figure 3 shows two point charges, 40 μC and -10 μC, placed 20 cm apart.

Calculate the electric field strength at the mid-point between the two charges.

q1 q2
F=
ϵ0 4 π r2

( 40 ×10−6 ) × (−10 ×10−6 )

F= × 9.0× 109
−2 2
( 1 0 ×10 )

F=−¿

_____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ [5]
 (g) (i) Define the 'Farad'

The ‘Farad’ is defined as the amount of charge stored per unit potential difference applied

across the conductors of the capacitor. [1]

(ii) A 3 μF capacitor is charged so that its p.d. is 200 V, and a 1 μF capacitor is charged so
that its p.d. is 100 V. The capacitors are then joined by wire of negligible resistance, so
that the plates carrying like charges are connected together.

(a) Determine the total capacitance of the capacitors when they are connected.

−1
1 1
C T= ( +
C1 C 2 )
−1
1 1
C T= ( ) +
1 3

3
C T=
4

____________________________________________________________ [2]

(b) Calculate the total energy stored in the capacitors when they are connected
together.
1
E= C V 2
2

1 3
E= × × ( 300 )2
2 4

E=3 3750 J

_________________________________________________________________ [5]

TOTAL [30]

2. (a) (i) Draw the circuit diagram for an inverting amplifier using an operational amplifier.
Label EACH resistor in your circuit with the conventional term used to describe it.
 [3]

(ii) State THREE properties of an ideal operational amplifier.

An ideal operational amplifier has infinite input resistance, infinite gain and zero output

resistance.

________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(b) A student conducted an experiment in which a variable voltage source was connected to the
input of an inverting amplifier. The input voltage and the corresponding output voltage were
measured using a multimeter and the readings obtained were recorded in Table 2.

TABLE 2: MULTIMETER READINGS

Input Voltage Output Voltage

Vi (volts) Vo (volts)
-0.21 2.2

0.00 0.00

0.38 -3.82

0.82 -8.18

1.17 -12.1

1.62 -15.0

2.44 -15.0

(i) On the grid provided in, plot a graph of output voltage (Vo) vs input voltage (Vi).
[4]

(ii) Use your graph to calculate the gain of the amplifier.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ [2]

(iii) Explain the shape of your graph.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) (i) Draw truth tables and the circuit symbols for the 2-input NAND gate and the XNOR
gate.

NAND XOR
Input Output Input Output
A B X A B X
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1

[4]

(ii) The NAND gate and the NOR gate are sometimes referred to as universal gates because
all other logic gates can be constructed from combinations of any one of them. Draw
the NOR equivalents of the
(a) AND gate

[2]

(b) OR gate

[1]

(c) NAND gate

 [1]

(iii) (a) Show, by using a truth table, that the circuit I Figure 3 produces the Exclusive NOR
operation. [3]

Input Output
A B C D X XNOR
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1

(b) Hence develop a circuit using NOR gates only which will provide Exclusive NOR

operation.
 [4]
TOTAL [30]

3. (a) (i) State the name of the scientist who is credited with the explanation of the
photoelectric effect.

Albert Einstein

(ii) With reference to the photoelectric effect, explain what is meant by

(a) “threshold frequency”

Threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of an incident EM wave required to

just emit an electron from the surface of a target electron.

(b) “work function”

The work function, ϕ 0, is the minimum energy required to just remove an electron

from the surface of a target metal. [3]

(b) Figure 4 shows a circuit used in an experiment to investigate the photoelectric effect from a metal.
Table 3 shows data obtained from such an experiment.

TABLE 3

Wavelength Frequency Stopping Potential

λ/nm f x 1014Hz Vs/volt
544 5.51 0.360

594 5.05 0.199

604 4.97 0.156

612 4.90 0.117

633 4.74 0.062

(i) Fill in the missing values in Table 3. [1]

 (ii) On the grid provided, plot a graph of stopping potential energy vs frequency for the
metal. [4]

(iii) Use your graph to determine the values given by this data for

(a) Planck’s constant

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ [4]

(b) The work function for the metal.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) (i) A radioactive sample initially contains No radioactive particles. Its decay constant is λ and it
decays to N particles in time, t. Write the equation describing this decay.
N=N 0 e− λt

[1]

(ii) Define the terms ‘half-life’ and ‘decay constant, λ’ for a radioactive nucleus. Write an
equation relating the two quantities.

Half-life, T 1 is defined as the amount of time required for the initial activity of an sample to fall
2

to half of its initial value.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ [3]
 (iii) A radioactive sample contains 3.5 μg of pure 116C, which has a half-life of 20.4 minutes,

Determine the

(a) Number of nuclei in the sample at t = 0

−6 6.02× 1023
N=3.5× 10 ×
11

N=1.92 ×10 17

[2]

(b) Decay constant of the sample

ln 2
T 1=
2
λ

ln 2
λ=
T1
2

λ=0.034

[2]

(d) A scheme for the production of energy by nuclear fusion proposes to combine deuterium 12 Hand
tritium 13 H under conditions of high temperature and pressure to produce helium. Proposed equation:

12 H + 13 H → 24 He+ 10 n+∆ E
The masses of the reactants and products are:

(i) Calculate the mass defect in kilograms.

∆ E=( 2.014 ) u+ ( 3.016 ) u−( 4.002 ) u−( 1.008 ) u

∆ E=0.018884 u

∆ E=3.135 ×10−29

[4]

(ii) Hence, calculate the energy in MeV which would be released in this reaction.

E=mc 2
 2
E=3.134744 ×10−29 × ( 3.0 × 108 )

E=2.821× 10−13 J

E=1.42× 106

[3]

END OF TEST [TOTAL 30]