Lesson 1

Science Technology
and Society
Lesson 1: Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society
LearningObjectives:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
a. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus,
Darwin and Freud contributed to the spark of
scientific revolution, and;
b. analyze how scientific revolution is done in various

parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia,
Middle East and Africa.
Introduction:
Science is as old as the world itself.
There is no individual that can exactly
when and where science began. From the
genesis of time, science has existed It is
always interwoven with the society.
Science can be defined in the
following aspects:
Idea Intellectual Bodyof Personaland
Activity Knowledge SocialActivity
Encompasses a
Includes ideas, systematic and Subject or discipline, Explains that
theories and all practical study of the a field of study, or a science is both
available systematic natural and physical body of knowledge knowledge and
explanations and world. The process of that deals with the activities done by
observations about study involves process of learning human beings to
natural and physical systematic about natural and develop better
world. observation and physical world. understanding of the
experimentation. world around them.
Scientific
Revolution
It was the period of
enlightenment when the
developments in the fields of
Mathematics, Physics,
Astronomy, Biology and
Chemistry transformed the
views of society about nature.
People who
Contributed to the
Spark of Scientific
Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
• Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish
astronomer and mathematician
known as the Father of Modern
Astronomy.
• He was the first European scientist

to propose that Earth and other
planets revolve around the sun,
known as the Heliocentric Theory of
the solar system.
Johannes Kepler
• He was a German mathematician
and astronomer who discovered
that the Earth and planets travel
about the sun in elliptical orbits
not in circles.
• He confirms the ideas of

Copernicus and the man behind
the three laws of planetary
motion.
Sigmund Freud
• An Australian neurologist often referred as
the Father of Modern Psychology.
• His Theory of Dreams suggested that

dreams represented unconscious desires,
thoughts, and motivations. According to
Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality,
people are driven by aggressive and sexual
instincts that are repressed from conscious
awareness. While these thoughts are not
consciously expressed, Freud suggested
that they find their way into our awareness
via dreams.
Charles Darwin
• He is primarily known as the
architect of the Theory of Evolution
by “Natural Selection”
• Natural Selection - a mechanism of

evolution. Organisms that are more
adapted to their environment are
more likely to survive and pass on
the genes that aided their success.
This process causes species to
change and diverge over time.
Cradles of
Early Science
Developments of Science in Mesoamerica
1. Maya Civilization
One of the famous
civilizations that lasted
approximately 2,000
years. The Mayan
Empire, centered in the
tropical lowlands of
what is now Guatemala.
Contributions of
the Maya
Civilization
a. Astronomy
The Maya Civilization is known
for their work in astronomy. They
incorporated their advance
understanding of astronomy in
their temples for astronomical
observation. For example, the
pyramid in Chichen Itza in Mexico is
situated at the location of the Sun
during the spring and fall
equinoxes.
The Haab is the civil calendar used by the Mayan civilization. It is a solar calendar, and it has 365 days.
The Tzolkin (which translates to "count of days") is also

The Haab is the civil calendar used by the known as the Divine Calendar. It represents the 260 days
in the Maya Sacred Round and is used to determine the
Mayan civilization. It is a solar calendar, and it dates of religious days, harvests, and ceremonial events,
has 365 days. such as weddings.
c. Mayan Hieroglyphics
They are also

famous as one of the
world’s first
civilizations to use a
writing system.
2. Inca Civilization
Flourished in ancient Peru
between c. 1400 and 1533 CE.
The Inca Empire eventually
extended across western South
America from Quito in the
north to Santiago in the south.
It was the largest empire ever
seen in the Americas and the
largest in the world at that
time.
Contributions of
the Inca
Civilization
a. Roads paved with stones b. Stone buildings
c. Irrigation System d. First Suspension Bridge
e. Quipu f. Inca textiles
3. Aztec Civilization
In just a century, the
Aztec built an empire in
the area now called
central Mexico. They
also made substantial
contributions to science
and technology and to
the society as a whole.
Contributions of
the Aztec
Civilization
a. Mandatory Education b. Chocolates
c. Antispasmodic Medication d. Chinampa
e. Aztec Calendar f. Canoe
Developments of Science in Asia
1. India
India is a huge peninsula
surrounded by vast bodies of
water and fortified by huge
mountains in its northern
borders. The Indians creatively
developed various ideas and
technologies useful in their
everyday lives.
Contributions of
India
a. Ayurveda Medication b. Invention of Zero
c. Decimal Point System d. Yoga
2. China
One of the ancient
civilizations with substantial
contributions in many areas like
medicine, astronomy, science,
mathematics, arts , philosophy
and many others. It greatly
influenced many of its neighbor
countries like Korea, Japan,
Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand,
Cambodia, Myanmar and other
countries that belong to the old
silk road.
Contributions of
China
a. Acupuncture b. Compass
c. Papermaking d. Gunpowder
Developments of Science in Africa
Egyptian Civilization
The ancient Egyptian
Civilization has
contributed immensely
and made significant
advances in fields of
astronomy, mathematics
and medicine.
Contributions of
Egyptian
Civilization
a. Papyrus Sheets b. Black Ink
c. Ox-Drawn Plow
d. Obelisk
e. Surgical Instruments
f. Wigs
Thank you
very much!

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Science Technology

b. analyze how scientific revolution is done in various

• He was the first European scientist

• He confirms the ideas of

• His Theory of Dreams suggested that

• Natural Selection - a mechanism of

The Tzolkin (which translates to "count of days") is also

They are also

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