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    Steps of Research Process

    Uploaded by

    Nirmal Raj
    For nursing students

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Steps of Research Process

    Uploaded by

    Nirmal Raj
    5 views4 pages
    For nursing students

    Original Title

    steps of research process

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    For nursing students

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views4 pages

    Steps of Research Process

    Uploaded by

    Nirmal Raj
    For nursing students

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1.

    STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS:

    • Step One: Define research problem


    • Step Two: Review of literature
    • Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
    • Step Four: Preparing the research design
    • Step Five: Data collection
    • Step Six: Data analysis
    • Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

    1. Define Review the Formulate Design research Collect data literature hypotheses
    research problem f ff Analyse Interpret data and report Where f = feed back(helps in
    controlling the sub system ff= feed forward(serves the vital function of providing
    criteria for evaluation
    2. Step One: Define Research Problem There are two types of research problem, viz.,
    those relate to states of nature relationship between variables. Essentially two steps are
    involved in define research problem, viz.,
    understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an
    point of view.
    3. Step Two: Review of Literature
    Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is
    compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a
    synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for
    approval.
    4. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
    Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its
    logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to
    the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. The role of the hypothesis is
    to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right
    track.
    5. Step Four: Preparing the Research Design
    The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence
    with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.
    Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., (1) Exploration, (2)
    Description,(3) Diagnosis, and (4) Experimentation.
    6. Step Five: Data Collection
    Primary data can be collected through: By Observation Through personal interview
    Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaires Through Schedules
    7. Step Six: Data Analysis
    The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as
    establishment of categories. This stage mainly include :1. Coding2. Editing3.
    Tabulation
    8. Step Seven: Interpretation and Report
    Writing Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him. Writing
    of report includes:1. the preliminary pages;2. the main text, and3. the end matter.
    QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS:

    formulating of determining review of


    research problem study objectives literature

    formulating developing
    selecting research
    hypothesis/ conceptual
    approach/design
    assumptions framework

    developing the establishing


    specify the
    tool for data ethical
    population
    collection consideration

    conducting pilot
    data collection sample selection study tryout of
    tool

    analysis and
    preparing data for disseminating the
    interpretation of
    analysis research findings
    data
    QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS:

    formulating
    identify research review of
    broad study
    problem area literature
    objectives

    select a small selecting research entry in the


    sample approach / design research setting

    establishing
    planning tools for
    ethical collecting data
    data collection
    consideration

    analysis and
    disseminating the organizing data
    interpretation of
    research findings for analysis
    data

    Figure 1.2: steps in qualitative research process

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