Grade 8 History Notes CH - 12

SDPS International School, Lalitpur (UP)
Sub-Social Science Grade -VIII (History) Resource Person: Rupal Shivhare
Ch-12. The Nationalist Movement(1885-1919)
Book Exercise Answer Key

A. 1. c. allowed Indian judges to try Europeans 2. c. Swaraj 3. c. Lord Curzon
4. c. the Surat session
B. 1. Indian Arms 2. Allan Octavian Hume 3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak 4. 1905 5. Muslims
Q.C Define the terms:
1.Swaraj: Self-government
2. Boycott: Refuse to use
3. Swadeshi: of one’s own country
Q.D. Answer in one or two sentences.

1.How did western education influence the growth of nationalism in India?
Ans. The introduction of Western education in India exposed the Indians to Western ideas of liberty,
democracy and nationalism. They became aware of the nationalist movements in Europe and
America, namely, the French Revolution and the American War of Independence. These movements
inspired the Indians to wage similar struggles against foreign domination in India.
2.Why was the Ilbert Bill amended?
Ans. The Europeans and Anglo-Indians in India vehemently opposed the Ilbert Bill on the grounds that an
Indian judge, in spite of his or her experience and seniority, was incapable of trying a European. In
response to their protest, the government eventually amended the Bill.
3. What led to rise of the revolutionaries? Name three leading Revolutionaries.
Ans. Due to the repressive policies of the British government, a section of the nationalists began to adopt
militant methods, including bombing and looting, to achieve independence from British rule. Three
leading Revolutionaries: Khudiram Bose, Prafulla Chaki, Aurobindo Ghosh, Vanchi Aiyar, V D Savarkar,
Bhikaji Cama etc.
4.What positive effect did the Morley-Minto Reform have on the nationalist movement?
Ans. The Morley-Minto Reforms convinced the Indian leaders including those belonging to the Muslim
League that the British Government would not grant self-rule in India. This made the two factions of
the Congress and the Muslim League unite in their fight against the British.
Q.E. Answer in a paragraph.

1. Discuss any three factors that led to the rise of nationalism in India.
Ans. Three factors that led to the rise of nationalism in India: 1.Impact of Western education: The
introduction of English education in India exposed the Indians to Western ideas of liberty, democracy and
nationalism. They became aware of nationalist movements in Europe and America. The French Revolution
and the American War of Independence inspired them to wage similar struggles against foreign
domination in India.
2.Growth of press and literature: The rise of English and vernacular newspapers in India enabled the
spread of nationalist ideas among people. Writers like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore
and Bal Gangadhar Tilak inspired people with their patriotic writings and encouraged them to unite against
the British.
3.Discriminatory laws against Indians: Through a series of discriminatory laws like Indian Arms Act (1878),
The Vernacular Press Act (1878) and The Ilbert Bill (1883) became the British alienated and antagonised
the Indians even more.
2.What was the difference between the Moderates and Radicals?

Ans. The difference between the Moderates and the Radicals:
Moderates Radicals
They were the early members of the Congress When the petitions of the early Congress
who aimed only to have a greater share leaders yielded no results, some leaders
in the policy-making and activities of the became increasingly disillusioned with the soft,
British government in India. They voiced their moderate approach and began demanding
demands through peaceful methods like Swaraj or complete independence from British
petitions and appeals. Thus, they came to be rule. These leaders came to be known as the
known as the Moderates. Radicals.
Some prominent moderate leaders were Some radical leaders were Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Surendranath Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Maharashtra, Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal
and Pherozeshah Mehta. and Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab.
3. Write a note on the boycott and Swadeshi movements.

Ans. Indian nationalists reacted to the partition of Bengal by launching the Boycott and Swadeshi
movements. On the one hand, they boycotted or refused to use goods made by the British, and on the
other, began to actively promote the manufacture of Swadeshi goods, or products made in India by Indians.
As a result, Swadeshi textile mills, soap and match factories, banks and insurance companies came up
everywhere, leading, in turn, to a revival of local Indian industries. National schools and colleges were also
founded in various parts of the country, many of which began imparting training in Swadeshi crafts. The
British reacted to the movement by arresting and deporting thousands of Swadeshi workers, including
students.
4. What were the features of the Morley-Minto Reforms? Why did it fail to satisfy the nationalist
leaders?
Ans. The partition of Bengal had made the British Government extremely unpopular in India. When Lord
Minto succeeded Curzon as the Viceroy of India, he introduced certain reforms to placate the Indians.
Along with John Morley, the Secretary of State in England, Lord Minto passed the India Councils Act of
1909, popularly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms. The Act increased the number of elected members
of the central and provincial Legislative Councils. At the same time, however, the Act also introduced
separate electorates for the Muslims. The Morley-Minto reforms convinced the Indian leaders, including
those belonging to the Muslim League, that the British government would not grant self-rule in India.
5. What were the features of the Government of India Act of 1919?
Ans. The Government of India Act of 1919 increased the number of elected members to the provincial
councils and introduced the dual system of government. Under this system, certain departments like
finance, law and order and police remained with the British Government, while subjects like education,
agriculture and health became the responsibility of the Indian ministers elected to the legislative councils.
This, was, however, very different from the Swaraj demanded by the Congress leaders.

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SDPS International School, Lalitpur (UP)

Sub-Social Science Grade -VIII (History) Resource Person: Rupal Shivhare

Ch-12. The Nationalist Movement(1885-1919)

Book Exercise Answer Key

Q.D. Answer in one or two sentences.

Q.E. Answer in a paragraph.

2.What was the difference between the Moderates and Radicals?

3. Write a note on the boycott and Swadeshi movements.

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