LN 9

EDISON G AGORAM MEMORIAL SCHOOL, MANALUR, CHIDAMBARAM
CLASS: VIII History DATE: 11.01.2023

Lesson - 9 The Making of National Movement (1870 – 1947)
1. Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in 1870’s and 1880’s?
Ans: The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in 1870’s and 1880’s because of the following
reasons:
 The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms
Vernacular press act:
 The act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing
presses if the newspapers published anything that was found ‘objectionable’.
 Introduction and the withdrawal of Ilbert bill.
2. Who did the National congress wish to speak for?
Ans: The Indian National Congress wished to speak for the people of India belonging to different
communities, region, religion occupation etc.
3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Ans:
 After 1919, the struggle against British rule gradually became a mass movement involving
peasants, tribals, students and women in large numbers and factory workers.
 The First World War altered the economic and political situation in India.
 Taxes on individual income and business profits increased several times.
 Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices
which created great difficulties for the common people.
 Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war as the war created a demand for industrial
goods.
4. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?
Ans:
 In 1940, the Muslim League had moved a resolution demanding “Independent States” for
Muslims in the North Western and Eastern parts of the country.
 The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.
 It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented.
5. Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?
Ans:
 Moderates were a group of members in the congress who believed in peaceful, non – violence,
truthfulness and righteous method of struggle to fight against the British.
 They demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government.
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 They wanted the legislative councils to be made more representative, given more power and to
be introduced in provinces where it did not exist.
 It called for civil service examination to be held in India not just in London.
 It also demanded for reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for
irrigation.
 They made the British government aware of the feelings of the Indians.
6. How was the politics of the Radicals within the congress different from that of the moderates?
Ans: Radicals were different from the moderates in the following manner:
 They criticized the moderates for their “politics of prayers” and emphasized the importance of
self – reliance and constructive work.
 They argued that people must rely on their own strength, not on the “good” intentions of the
government; people must fight for swaraj.
 Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai began to explore more radical
objectives and methods.
7. Discuss the various forms that the Non – Cooperation Movement took in different parts of
India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Ans:
 Non – Cooperation movement was supported by Gandhiji to show the anger of the people
against the Jallianwalla Bagh, the Khilafat wrong and demand Swaraj.
 It gained momentum in 1921 – 22.
 Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.
 Professionals like lawyers, teachers etc., gave up their practices.
 British titles were surrendered.
 Foreign clothes were lit fire.
 Legislatives were boycotted.
Understanding of Gandhi by the people:
 People thought of Gandhi as a messiah.
 Agricultural labourers believed that Gandhi would provide them land.
 Common people credited Gandhiji with their own achievements.
8. Why did Gandhi choose to break the law?
Ans: Salt is considered as an essential item of our food which was used by rich and poor. Mahatma
Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt.
9. Discuss the development of 1937 – 47 period that led to the creation of ‘Pakistan’.
Ans: The development of 1937 – 47 period that led to the creation of ‘Pakistan’ are:
In 1930, the Congress failed to nationalize the Muslim masses. This allowed the Muslim League
to widen its social support.
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 Elections were again held in the provinces.
 In 1940, it enlarged its support when most of the Congress leaders were in jail.
 At the end of the Second World War in 1945, the British negotiated with the Congress and the
league for the Independence of India. But talks failed.
 Elections to the provinces in the seats reserved for the Muslims was spectacular so the League
persisted with its demand for ‘Pakistan’.
 In March 1946, the British cabinet sent a three member mission to Delhi to examine the demand.
 It could not get the Congress and the Muslim League to agree for a United India.
 After the failure of the cabinet mission the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for its
demand.
 It announced 16th August 1946 as “Direct Action Day.”
 On August 14, 1947, Pakistan was declared as an independent nation.

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EDISON G AGORAM MEMORIAL SCHOOL, MANALUR, CHIDAMBARAM

CLASS: VIII History DATE: 11.01.2023

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