W8L5'
W8L5'
W8L5'
Design of Pipelines
Natural Gas Transmission-II
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Topics covered previously?
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Topics to be covered?
❖ Flow regimes
✓ Fully turbulent flow (rough pipe
flow)
✓ Partially turbulent flow (smooth
pipe flow)
❖ Pressure drop calculation
✓ Pipelines in series
✓ Pipelines in parallel
❖ Pipeline segmental looping
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Natural gas transmission
❑ Flow Regimes
In high pressure gas transmission lines with moderate to high flow rates, two
types of flow regimes are normally observed;
▪ Fully turbulent flow (Rough pipe flow)
▪ Partially Turbulent flow (smooth pipe flow)
Note;
▪ Re less than 2000 the flow is normally laminar, or stable
▪ Re greater than 2000, the flow is turbulent or unstable
▪ In high pressure line only two types of flow regimes are exits i.e., fully
turbulent and partially turbulent flow.
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Pipeline Segmental Looping
Segmental Looping;
▪ It is not necessary to loop the entire pipeline to obtain the desired flow
or downstream pressure but only segment of the pipeline is looped to
meet the requirements.
▪ Let us assume that the pipeline has length L, diameter D, total resistance
of K1+K’1 and inlet and outlet pressure are P1 and P2.
▪ To increase the existing gas flow rate from Q1 to Q2
without any change in downstream pressure, the
value of X, the length of pipeline to be looped to
existing system, must be determined.
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Where,
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Note;
▪ The above equation demonstrates that looping will increase pipeline
flow capacity without any changes to the upstream and downstream
pressures.
▪ There are two important parameters to consider when choosing the
location for a pipeline loop; temperature and pressure.
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References
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Thank You
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