CSS Core Unit 1

CORE UNIT 1
SAINT JAMES ACADEMY OF SKILLS TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Brgy. Hika, Poblacion, Compostela, Cebu
Philippines
SECTOR : ELECTRONICS SECTOR

QUALIFICATION TITLE :COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
MODULE TITLE : INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
LEARNING OUTCOME NO.1: ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2: PREPARE INSTALLER
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 3: INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM AND DRIVERS FOR
PERIPHERALS/ DEVICES
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 4: INSTALL APPLICATION SOFTWARE
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 5: CONDUCT TESTING AND DOCUMENTATION
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Information Sheet 1.1-1
SAFETY PROCEDURES
Learning Objectives:
After reading the information sheet, you should be able to:
1. Identify the basic precautions and procedures in planning, preparing, installing and
testing of computer hardware and software.
Introduction:
Occupational Health and Safety during Disassembling of PC
1. Observe ESD (Electrostatic Discharge).

2. Always use an anti-static wrist strap.
3. Document everything.
4. Switch off the computer.
5. Remove the cables from the back of the case.
6. Be sure to have a container to keep the screws.
7. Place all components when remove in anti-static bags or anti-static mat.
8. Make sure you have all the tools, resource material, drivers or software that you need.
9. Do a full System Backup.
10. Use common sense.
Electro-static Discharge
1. It is the transfer of an electrostatic charge between two objects. This is a very rapid
event that happens when two objects of different potentials come into direct contact
with each other.
2. is one of the few things an individual can do to damage or destroy his or her computer
or hardware components
3. ESD can occur when working in your computer and will
cause components you touch to no longer work
properly.
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Anti-static Wrist Strap
1. The antistatic wrist strap prevents static electricity from building up. Static electricity
can electronically destroy many of the delicate components inside the computer.
2. An antistatic wrist strap should be worn any time work is being done inside the
computer.
Anti-static Bag
1. A bag that has been specially designed to help

prevent static electricity inside the bag.
2. It is important to remember that only the inside
of an antistatic bag is protected, placing a
hardware device on top of the bag and not
inside of the bag will not protect it. In fact it is
often more harmful to place an electrostatic sensitive
device on top of the bag.
Anti-static Mat
1. Also known as a grounding mat.

2. It is a floor or table mat used to help reduce the risk of
electrostatic discharge while working on a computer or other electrostatic sensitive
object.
How to help prevent ESD
The best method of preventing ESD is to use an ESD wrist strap and/or use a
grounding mat. However, because most users do not have access to such items,there are steps
to help reduce the chances of ESD as much as possible.
1. Zero Potential - Most importantly, make sure you and the computer are at Zero
Potential by continuously touching an un-painted metal surface of the chassis or the
computer power supply case.
2. Standing - It is also very important that you are standing at all times when working on
the computer. Setting on a chair can generated more electrostatic.
3. Cords - Make sure everything is removed from the back of the computer (power cord,
mouse, keyboard, etc).
4. Weather - Electrical storms can increase the ESD risk; unless absolutely necessary, try
not to work on a computer during an electrical storm.
5. Accessories - To help reduce ESD and help prevent other problem, it is also a good
idea to remove all jewellery.
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Self-Check 1.1-1
True or False:
Instruction: Identify if the following statements are True or False. Write T if the statement is
True and F otherwise, on the space provided.
1. ESD can occur when working in your computer and will cause components
you touch to no longer work properly.
2. Static electricity may not electronically destroy many of the delicate

components inside the computer.
3. Setting on a chair does not generate more electrostatic. So it is fine take a

seat at all times when working on the computer.
4. Electrical storms can increase the ESD risk.
5. The outside of an antistatic bag is also protected, so placing a hardware

device on top of the bag can also protect it.
6. To help reduce ESD and help prevent other problem, it is also a good idea to
remove all jewellery.
7. It is fine not to document everything as long as you remember the tasks you
have been doing.
8. An antistatic wrist strap may not be worn any time work is being done inside
the computer. Provided steps to reduce ESD are observed.
9. Make sure everything is removed from the back of the computer (power
cord, mouse, keyboard, etc).
10. Zero Potential can be done by continuously touching the painted metal
surface of the chassis or the computer power supply case.
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Information Sheet 1.1.2
PC HARDWARE COMPONENTS
After reading the information sheets, students can

1. Classify the hardware of a computer with is corresponding functions.
Introduction:
BASIC TERMS
Hardware
� ��- The physical parts of a computer -
CPU
Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements of the
computer
Disk Drive
A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk
Hard Drive
A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information, including
the operating system, program files, and data files.
Keyboard
A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys

Modem
A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone line
Monitor
A device used to display information visually
Mouse
A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor
NIC
Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical
connection to a network
Printer
A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed image
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Software
Instructions executed by a computer -
Applications
Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie. spreadsheets,
databases)
Bit
A computer's most basic unit of information
Boot
The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer; usually occurs
as soon as a computer is turned on
Browser
A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet
Explorer
Bug
A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often remedied in
patches or updates to the program
Byte
Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character
Click
Occurs when a user presses a button on a mouse which in turn, generates a command
to the computer
Database
A large structured set of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain
numerous fields
Diskette
A small flexible disk used for storing computer data
Double Click
Occurs when a user presses a button on the mouse twice in quick succession; this
generates a command to the computer
Download
Transferring data from another computer to your computer
Drag
Occurs when a user points the mouse at an icon or folder, presses the button and
without releasing the button, moves the icon or folder to another place on the
computer where the button is released
Driver
Software program that controls a piece of hardware or a peripheral
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FAQ
Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a particular
website or program
File
Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of bytes
Folder
A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as in the
concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)
Freeware
Software provided at no cost to the user
Gigabyte
1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB
GUI
Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices, functions,
etc.
Icon
A small picture used to represent a file or program in a GUI interface
Internet
A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP, telnet, and
many other protocols
IP number
Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet
Kilobyte
1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB
Megabyte
1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately equal a 600 page
paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb
Memory
Any device that holds computer data
Menu
A list of operations available to the user of a program
Network
A collection of computers that are connected
Peripheral
Any of a number of hardware devices connected to a CPU
RAM
Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer is turned
off, the RAM memory is erased
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ROM
Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the computer is
turned off
Scroll Bar
Allows the user to control which portion of the document is visible in the window;
available either horizontally or vertically or both
Shareware
Software provided at a minimal cost to users who are on their honor to send in payment
to the programmer
Spreadsheet
A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers
Tool Bar
A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to perform tasks in
a program
URL
Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a standard way
of locating objects on the Internet
Virus
A deliberately harmful computer program designed to create annoying glitches or
destroy data
Window
A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several programs at one
time
Word Processor
A program that allows the user to create primarily text documents
The Pc System
As A technician, you should know and be able to identify the components found in a
typical personal computer system. The PC is modular by design. It is called a system because it
includes all the components required to make a functional computer.
Ø System unit – The main computer cabinet, usually referred to as a case, housing the
primary components of the system. This includes the main logic board (System board or
mother board), processor, memory, disk drives, switching power supply, and the
interconnecting wires and cables. The system unit also includes expansion cards to provide
audio, video, networking and other functionality. Expansion cards vary from system to system.
Ø Keyboard – The most familiar computer input device, the keyboard is used to
introduce characters and commands into the system.
Video monitor. By moving the mouse along a surface, the user can cause a cursor on
the display to move in a corresponding manner.
Ø Video display – A Visual output device that displays characters and graphics on screen.
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Ø Printers – A hard copy output device that applies data to paper. Normally, methods
of placing information on a page include dot-matrix printer, inkjet printer and laser printer.
Ø Speakers – Audio output devices used to deliver voice, music and coded messages.
Parts and Functions of the Computer
System Unit Cases
The system unit case is typically a metal chassis and removable cover that includes a
plastic front panel for aesthetic purposes. The box typically contains the basic parts of the
computer system. PCs have been packaged in various case designs. Each design offers
characteristics that adapt the system for different environments. Primary characteristics for
case design include the following:
Ø Ventilation characteristics
Ø Total drive capacity
Ø Portability
Ø Mounting methods for the printed Circuit boards
Ø Footprint(the amount of desk space the case takes up)
With this list of characteristics. PC case designs fall into four basic styles:
Ø Desktops – PC units that are designed to sit horizontally on a standard desktop behind
a keyboard and mouse, usually with the display monitor sitting on the top of the case(hence the
name). These cases are typically wider than they are tall.
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Ø Low-profile desktops – A special variety of desktop case, referred to as low-profile
desktops that reduce the vertical height of the unit by using a short bus extender card, called a
backplane that mounts in an expansion slot and permits option adapter cards to be mounted in
the unit horizontally.
Ø Towers – Tower cases are designed to sit vertically on the floor beneath a desk to
provide more usable workspace on the desktop. Mini towers and mid towers are short towers
designed to take up less vertical space. Tower cases also can be placed on a
desktop. Internally, their design resembles a vertical desktop unit. They are considerably less
expensive than the larger towers because of the smaller amount of materials needed to
produce them. Unlike their taller relatives, mini towers do not provide abundant space for
internal add-ons or disk drivers.
Ø Portables (laptops) – To free users from the desk, an array of portable PCs have been
developed these units package the system unit, input units, and output unit computers make
them the equivalent of desktop or tower units in most respects.
Inside the system unit
The system unit is the main portion of the microcomputer system and is the basis of any
PC system arrangement. The components inside the system unit can be divided into four
distinct subunits: a switching power supply, the disk drivers, the system board, and the option
adapter cards.
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The major components of interest in a PC system are the following:
Ø Power supply – The component in the system that converts the AC Voltage from the
commercial power outlet to the DC voltage required by the computer circuitry.
Ø System board – The main component of a personal computer. It contains the major
structures that make up a computer system.
Ø Disk drives – The system’s mass storage devices that hold data for an extended time,
even when power is removed from the system. Disk drives include hard disk drives,
CD-ROM/DVD drives, floppy disk drives, and tape drives.
Ø Adapter cards – Interface cards used to enhance the basic system with additional
functions. Examples of common adapter cards include video display adapters, modems, and
Local Area Network (LAN) cards.
Ø Signal cables – Connecting cables, typically configured in a flat ribbon format, that
pass control signals and data between system components such as disk drives and the system
board.
Form factor
Form factor is a term used to describe specifications for physical dimensions and
electrical compatibility that enables components from different manufactures to work
together. In a PC, from factor is used to describe system board and adapter card sizes,
mounting hole patterns for system boards and power supplies, microprocessor placement, and
airflow. These factors determine whether component A(Such as a system board) will fit
properly with component B (Such as a system unit case) and connect to component C(Such as a
power supply).
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You should be aware of the three major active form factors: ATX, BTX, and NLX.
Ø The Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) form factor was introduced in the mid-
1990s as an upgrade to the IBM PC-AT standard that had become the pseudo standard form
factor for PCs. It continues to be most widely used form factor currently in use with PC
components.
Ø The Balanced Technology Extended (BTX) form factor is a newer scalable form factor
specification that provides for a wide range of system sizes and profiles. Its main goal is to
establish components positions that optimize cooling outside the case to support higher
component operating speeds. The BTX form factor design is incompatible with the ATX
standard, except that you are able to use ATX power supplies with BTX boards and systems.
Ø The new low-profile extended (NLX) form factor, which is the replacement form factor
specification form Intel for the Older LPX low-profile specification. The NLX specification is
designed to support newer PC technologies, such as larger memory modules, advanced
microprocessors, and their cooling systems. The NLX system incorporates a backplane that
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mounts in a slot on the main board and enables adapter cards to be plugged in horizontally.
This is one of the major keys to its low profile.
Self-Check 1.1-2
Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer.
1. What is your next step when you insert your operating system CD/DVD in your disk drive?
a. Shut down c. Hibernate
b. Restart d. Sleep
2. Before you format your unit, which will you chose as the 1st boot device?
a.CD ROM c. Floppy disk
b. Hard disk d. None of the above.
3. In disk partition, what should you do first?

a. Delete c. New
b. Next d. Format
4. To help protect your computer and improve Windows automatically, which will you
chose?
a. Ask me later c. Use recommended settings
b. Install important updates only d. None of the above
5. After the installation process, will your pc?

a. Shut down c. Restart
b. Sleep d. None of the above.
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BOOTABLE DEVICES
After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Define bootable devices
2. Identify Bootable devices
3. Recognize the procedure on installation of portable devices
Introduction:
What is Boot, Booting and Bootable Devices?
Here’s the story of a technical word called BOOT, normally we use this word to describe
‘startup’ in our computer system and it can our computer’s bios or maybe our system’s hard
drive etc.
Mainly this word “Boot” comes from the word Bootstrapping and this bootstrapping term
originally appears in early 19th century in the United States.
So, Let’s Talk More About Bootstrapping:

In a general language, bootstrapping mainly refer to a self-starting process of your
computer which doesn’t need any external input command to perform itself. So, in technical
language people starts to using the word called booting for this whole loading the software to
the memory process and the word booting become quite famous instead using the word
bootstrapping.
All about How Booting Works:
In your computer system, the whole booting process is performed by the chip
called BIOS Chip and this is the only chip in your computer who is responsible for the whole
system startup process from when you push the power button to the operating system startup.
Normally this booting process takes around 10 seconds which involves accomplishing
a POST, finding and preparing peripheral devices, and then finding and loading an operating
system. The process of hibernating or sleeping of your computer does not involve booting.
Booting Process Explain:
When you push the power button of your computer, it boot’s the motherboard’s BIOS
Chip and after that, your system bios starts a short time POST service.
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POST means power-on self-tests, it starts by checking the BIOS chip and then tests
the CMOS RAM, if the POST can’t find any CMOS battery failure then it continuous to initialize
the CPU and then checking every external or internal connected hardware parts like mouse,
keyboard, ram, hard disk etc. to ensure that they all are working properly together.
To boot a computer system successfully, its BIOS, operating system, and hardware
components must all be working accurately, if any one of these got failed then it’s 100%
possibilities to get the system boot failure error on the computer’s screen.
After when the power-on self-tests completes, the bios typically looks to the CMOS chip
to tell it, where to find the Operating System, then CMOS look for the appropriate boot drive to
find the OS’s boot record and when the CMOS found it, the bios starts to load the boot loader
to starts your operating system.
A Boot Loader is a computer program which is responsible for managing and starting an
operating system software of the computer after when the power-on self-tests gets completed.
Once the bios initialize the operating system, it starts to copy its files into the computer
memory and after that, the Operating System basically takes control over the whole booting
process.
What Is Bootable Device?
In a computer language, a bootable device a storage device where boot loader is located
and have a free access for your bios to compile it, in a normal language a bootable device is a
part of computer hardware that can read or contains the files required for a computer to start.
So, if you having a blank hard disk that doesn’t mean it is bootable but when you installed an
operating system in it then it becomes bootable because now your bios can read the boot
loader files to make the OS’s or some software to start.
The most commonly used boot device or boot drive is the hard drive. When
an operating system such as Microsoft Windows installed onto the hard drive, it copies the boot
files and drivers required to load Windows on the computer. When installing a new operating
system, troubleshooting the computer, or booting from another drive such as the CD-ROM
drive, a bootable disc or setup disc is inserted into the drive. If the boot sequence is setup
correctly in CMOS setup and the bootable disc is in the computer, it will load from the disc
instead of the hard drive.
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How to create a bootable Windows USB drive
A common use of a bootable USB flash drive is to use it to boot into Windows. Booting
from removable media such as a USB drive allows you to perform diagnostics on a computer
that is having trouble booting from the hard drive. You can also use the flash drive to install
Windows, instead of using the Windows installation CD.
This guide will outline making a bootable USB flash drive with Windows XP, Vista, or 7.
Before we begin, it is important to note that the computer you want to use your bootable USB
drive must be able to use a USB drive as a boot device. Most computers built since Windows
Vista was released are capable of booting to a USB device. Prior to the Windows Vista time
frame, it's hit or miss with motherboards.
To determine if a computer is capable of booting to a USB device, access the computer's

BIOS and check the bootable device list. If a USB device is listed, set the USB drive to be the first
boot device. If you do not see a USB device in the list of bootable devices, your BIOS is not
capable of booting to a USB device.
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Note: You may need to have your USB flash drive plugged in when you access the BIOS).
 Windows Vista and Windows 7 users
 Windows XP users
Windows Vista and Windows 7 users
To make a bootable USB drive for Windows Vista or Windows 7, you need to have
Windows Vista or 7 installed on your computer. It is recommended that you have a flash drive
of at least 4 GB in size, to store all the necessary files.
Tip: Before you start, plug in the USB drive and backup any files you have stored on the USB
drive. The drive will be formatted during this process and all files on it will be deleted.
Note: You need to have a Windows Vista or Windows 7 DVD for these instructions to be
successful.
1. Open an elevated Windows command line window by clicking Start, typing in cmd in the
search text field, then pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter on your keyboard (at the same time).
You can also access this by navigating to Start, All Programs, Accessories, right-clickwith
your mouse on the Command Prompt menu item and select Run as Administrator.
2. At the command prompt, type cd c:\windows\system32 to change the directory to the
Windows system32 directory. Ensure your USB drive is plugged in, type DISKPART, then
press Enter. Type LIST DISK and press Enter.
 See our diskpart command page for additional information on this command.
3. You will see a listing of the disk drives connected to your computer. Find the disk number of
your USB drive and type SELECT DISK [USB disk #], where "[USB disk #]" is the disk # for
your USB drive. It should now state that your USB drive is the selected disk. If you're not
sure what disk is the USB disk, eject the USB drive, perform step number 2 again, connect
the USB drive again, and compare the results. Usually the USB drive will be the last drive.
4. Type in the following commands, one by one, pressing Enter after each command.
CLEAN
CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY
SELECT PARTITION 1
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ACTIVE
FORMAT FS=NTFS
(may take a couple minutes, depending on the USB drive size)
ASSIGN
EXIT
Keep the command prompt window open, but you can minimize it for a little bit.
5. You will now need your Windows Vista or 7 Installation DVD. Put the DVD in your
computer's DVD drive. Open up My Computer and note which drive letter is assigned to
your DVD Drive and your USB flash drive.
6. Go back to the command prompt window and type in D: CD BOOT (substitute your DVD
drive letter for "D:", if necessary) and press Enter. Type CD BOOT again and press Enter.
Lastly, type BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60 H: (substitute your USB flash drive letter for "H:", if
necessary) and press Enter.
7. The last step is to copy the entire contents of the Windows DVD to your USB flash drive. To
do this, in the My Computer window (opened in step 5 above), right-click on the DVD
drive and select Open to view the contents of the DVD. Copy all the files and folders on
the DVD to the USB flash drive.
Your USB flash drive is now set up to be a bootable USB drive for Windows Vista or 7.
Windows XP users
To make the bootable USB drive for Windows XP, it is recommended that you have a flash
drive of at least 4 GB in size, to store all the necessary files. You also need to
download Windows Server 2003 SP1.
 Windows Server 2003 SP1
Tip: Before you start, plug in the USB drive and backup any files you have stored on the USB
drive. The drive will be formatted during this process and all files on it will be deleted.
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Note: You need to have a Windows XP Professional CD for these instructions to be successful.
Windows XP Home Edition does not work.
1. Install PE Builder on your computer. For the sake of ease, install the program to a C:\
PEBuilder folder. After you've installed PE Builder, create a folder titled SRSP1 in the
PEBuilder folder.
2. Now you need to extract two files from Windows Server 2003 SP1. The file name is quite
long, so it is recommended that you rename the file to something shorter, like WS-
SP1.exe. Open a command prompt (Start > Run, type cmd and press Enter) and use
the cd command to change to the folder where you downloaded the Windows Server
2003 SP1 file to (i.e. cd c:\downloads to change to the c:\downloads folder). Then,
type WS-SP1.exe -x to extract the files. A window should open asking where to extract
the files. You can enter the same folder where the file was downloaded.
3. A new folder titled i386 will be created by the extraction process. Type cd i386 to change to
that folder. You now need to copy the setupldr.bin file to the SRSP1 folder you created in
the PE Builder folder. Type copy setupldr.bin c:\PEBuilder\SRSP1 to copy the file.
4. You also need to expand the ramdisk.sys file to the SRSP1 folder.
Type expand -r ramdisk.sy_ c:\PEBuilder\SRSP1
5. Open My Computer and navigate to the c:\PEBuilder\SRSP1 folder and verify the two files
are there.
6. Next, you need to create a compressed version of Windows XP using PE Builder. Make sure
the Windows XP Professional CD is in your computer's CD drive, then launch the PE
Builder program. In the Source field, type in the drive letter assigned to your CD Drive
(you can check in My Computer if you are not sure) (e.g., "d:"). In the Output field,
type BartPE. Make sure the None option is selected in the Media output section. Then
click the Build button.
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A progress report shows the progress of the bootable image build. When the build
process is complete, click the Close button.
7. Now, you can create the bootable USB flash drive. Open a command prompt again and
type cd c:\PEBuilder to change to the PEBuilder folder. Make sure your USB drive is
plugged in to your computer. Then, type pe2usb -f e: (change "e:" to the drive letter
assigned to your USB flash drive, if necessary) to create the bootable drive. When
prompted to begin the process, type YES. When the process is complete, press any key to
exit the program.
Your USB flash drive is now set up to be a bootable USB drive for Windows XP using the
Bart PE interface.
Create portable Windows 10/8/7 USB drive in 3 steps
Create the portable Windows USB drive for Windows 10/8/7 within 3 simple steps.
You may free download and install it to create a portable Windows USB drive of your own
computer system right now.
PS: It's 100% free for you to create the portable Windows USB drive within 30 days by the help
of EaseUS Todo Backup.
Step by step guide to create Windows USB drive
Note: Your USB drive shall be larger than your system drive and boot partition. EaseUS Todo
Backup will let you know whether you USB drive is big enough or not with System Clone.
Step 1. Connect USB drive to your PC and run EaseUS Todo Backup;
Click System Clone;
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Step 2. Select the destination disk - USB drive to clone system drive (system and boot partition)
to; (Here you can identify whether your USB drive storage space is big enough or not based on
the source disk space.)
Click on Advanced options and tick Create a Portable Windows USB drive >
Click Next;
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Step 3. Wait till the system clone process complete.
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After this, you've successfully created a portable Windows USB drive and you can use it
to run your own system on new computer or restart PC if system crashes suddenly
How to Fix No Bootable Device Error
Many users have come across an error that says “No bootable device” when they have
attempted to start their computer. Usually, the error occurs after they reboot their computer to
fix some problem or when they have added a new hard drive. The reason for this error can be
incorrect boot order, faulty MBR, hard drive or partition not detected, or more.
It is an annoying issue. Your computer is totally unusable at the moment, and you may
be anxiously thinking what are you supposed to do to fix this error.
But not to worry! It is possible to fix this error. Here are several fixes you should try:
1) Check your boot order
2) Fix the boot information of your system
3) Set the primary partition back as active
4) Reset your system
* Note that to perform methods 2, 3 and 4, you will need a Windows installation media, such
as a DVD or a USB drive with a Windows Installation package inside.
1) Check your boot order
An incorrect boot order can mislead your computer to boot from an unbootable hard
drive or device, and therefore you get a “No bootable device” error. So you should make sure
your hard drive is the first of the boot order. To check your boot order:
1. Enter the BIOS. (If you don’t know how, you can check this guide.)
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2. Press the right arrow keys on your keyboard until the Boot tab is opened. Then move
your Hard Drive to the top of the boot order list. (You can read the instruction of your BIOS to
learn how to move an item in the list.)
2) Fix boot information of your system

You may get a “No bootable device” error when the boot information, such as BCD
(Boot Configuration Data) or MBR (Mater Boot Record) of your computer, is corrupted. You can
try fixing or rebuilding the information to see if this fixes your problem.
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1. Put the Windows installation media into your computer and boot from it. (Check this
guide to learn how to boot from a USB drive, DVD or CD.)
2. Select the language and region, and then click on Repair your computer.
3. If you are using a Windows 10 installation media, select Troubleshoot and then Command
Prompt.
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4. If you are using a Windows 7 media, in System Recovery Options, select the first item (Use
recovery tools …) and then select the Windows 7 system from the list of the system. Then click
on Next. After that click on Command Prompt.
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5. In Command Prompt, type the following lines one by one and press Enter on your keyboard
after each. (If you are asked whether you want to add a new installation to boot list,
press Y and then press Enter.)
 bootrec /fixmbr
 bootrec /fixboot
 bootrec /scanos
 bootrec /rebuildbcd
6. Exit Command Prompt and restart your computer. If this method works for you, you will be
able to get through the error now.
3) Set the primary partition back as active
A primary partition is where the operating system is installed. A “No bootable device”
error may occur when the primary partition of your hard drive is inactive due to some mistake
in your computer. You should set it back as active to fix the issue. To do so:
1. Refer to the steps in method 2 to boot from your Windows installation media and
open Command Prompt in the installation package.
28
2. In Command Prompt, type “diskpart” and press Enter. Then type “list disk” and press Enter.
3. In the list of disk, type “select disk 0 (“0” here refers to the number of the disk where you
have installed your system)” and press Enter.
4. Type “list partition” and press Enter. Then in the list of partitions in this disk, type “select
partition 1 (“1” here refers to the number of the System Reserved partition, where the boot
loader is located. Usually it is the smaller primary partition)” and press Enter.
5. Type “active” and press Enter.
6. The system partition is now set to active. Type “exit” and press Enter to exit diskpart and
close Command Prompt. Then restart your computer and see if the error resolves.
4) Reset your system
It is also possible that the corrupted files in your operating system cause the error. You can try
resetting your system and see if this fixes the problem. To do so, you can use your Windows
29
installation media to reinstall your operating system. If this method can help you, the error will
no longer occur on your computer after the reinstallation.
Self-Check 1.2-1
Test I. Encircle the letter of your best choice.
1.Which of these operating system is not Unix based?

a) BSD
b) Ubuntu
c) Trustix
d) Vista
2.What software is always running as long as your operating system is on.
a) An operating system
b) A word processor
c) A web browser
d) None of the above
3.What does WAIK stand for?
a) Windows automatic install kit
b) Windows automatic intel knowledge
c) Windows automated installation kit
d) Windows automated intake kit
4.What features limits the compatibility between Linux and MS-Windows?
a) Folder size
b) Folder Name
c) Device Drivers
d) Log- in Credentials
5. On which file system, windows 7 can be installed?
a) NTFS
b) Fat16
c) NTFS16
d) Fat32
30
PC CUSTOM INSTALLATION
After reading the INFORMATION SHEET,YOU MUST BE able to :
1. Identify custom installation in windows
2. Differentiate upgrade to custom installation in windows
Introduction:
A Clean install is usually defined as formatting the driver (either by the user or by
using Setup) and then installing the OS. A custom install is defined by Microsoft
as installing the OS on the same partition as a previous installation of Windows
There are multiple ways to install Windows on your PC. In this article, we take a look at
the Custom Install routine, which offers multiple options during setup, these include: a clean
install and partitioning your hard disk. Performing a custom install is easy whether you are using
Windows 7, 8.1 or Windows 10. It offers granular options for preserving files in addition to
being able to completely format the hard disk, erasing all data.
Custom install Windows 10:

Once you have your Windows installation media ready, all you need to do is boot from the disc
or USB thumb drive to begin setup.
Review the following guide for instructions and details about configuring your BIOS or UEFI
boot settings for DVD, CD, USB or SD Card.
BIOS/UEFI Setup Guide: Boot from a CD, DVD, USB Drive or SD Card
Once your computer is set to boot from the DVD, you should see this option.
31
The Windows logo will appear on screen, this might be here for a while, as long as you see the
indicater, everything should be ok.
Select your Language, Time and Keyboard method then click Next.
32
Click Install now
Wait while Setup starts.
33
Accept the license terms and click Next
Click Custom
34
Select the Primary Partition then click Next
You will receive the following warning

The partition you selected might contain files from a previous Windows Installation. If it does,
these files and folders will be moved to a folder named Windows.old. You will be able to access
the information in Windows.old, but you will be able to use your previous version of Windows.
Click OK
35
Wait while Windows installs
When this phase of setup is complete, Windows will automatically restart and reboot into setup
again.
36
Windows is detecting and installing your
hardware. After this is complete, Windows will restart one last time.
What's better: Clean install or upgrade to Windows 10?
Since Microsoft launched its next operating system on July 29th to the world, millions of
computers are already running Windows 10, and millions more are expected to follow. In fact,
Microsoft hopes to upgrade over one billion devices in the next 2-3 years, and at this rate,
chances look promising.
Although Windows 10 is packed with new features, such as the return of the Start menu, a new
Action Center, new security features like Windows Hello, and Cortana, there is another good
reason why people are upgrading so quickly. It's because the company is making Windows 10 a
free upgrade to every computer running a genuine copy of Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.
If you haven't upgraded, you probably are still wondering, what is the best option to
upgrade to Windows 10? It's possible to do an in-place upgrade via Windows Update, or you
can also do a clean installation of the operating system.
To clear things up a bit and help you decide what's the best option for you, we'll go
through benefits and disadvantages between a clean install and an in-place upgrade of
Windows 10.
37
Upgrading to Windows 10
One of the most common methods to move from one version of Windows to another is
by doing an in-place upgrade. The major
advantage of doing an in-place upgrade is that you
don't have to reformat your hard drive. The new
operating system will simply replace your
previous installation, and you'll be able to keep all
of your files and programs. This process takes the
least amount of time, as technically you're
not required to do a backup (though it's
highly recommended you do). Also, you're not
prompted to enter a product key, at least for
those users upgrading from Windows 7 or
Windows 8.1.
Choosing the upgrade path using the "Get Windows 10" app over the clean install will
also help users to install the right edition of the operating system. A clean installation requires
to manually download the correct version of Windows 10 that will upgrade your system.
Technically, upgrading through Windows Update should be the easiest and safest way to
make the move to Windows 10. However, performing an upgrade can also be problematic. You
can stumble upon errors caused by pre-existing issues in your system. After the upgrade, there
are chances that applications and peripherals may not work correctly, and it could result on
additional time trying to troubleshoot and fix the problems.
Quick tip: If you're planning to upgrade, make sure to uninstall any security software,
such as antivirus, and software you don't need. Take the time and check online to verify your
hardware and software are compatible with Windows 10. Also, make sure to disconnect any
peripherals, such as printers, scanners, and USB devices to avoid possible errors.
Another advantage worth to point out is that performing an upgrade will also allow you
to roll back to Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 if something goes wrong or you simply don't like the
operating system. You can't do this if you perform a clean install by booting from the Windows
10 installation media.
Clean install of Windows 10
If you have a custom computer or you want to start from scratch with a clean
installation of Windows 10, you can opt to format the hard drive and start with a clean install of
Windows 10.
There are many advantages performing a clean install of Windows 10. For example, a
clean install is an opportunity to start fresh from scratch without any bloatware and trial
software that might have come pre-installed with your system. You will also regain control over
your apps, as you can now install only the applications you need, and you'll also start with a
brand new and clean Windows Registry.
Also, your chances of running into errors and other issues will significantly be reduced. If
your PC had any software or hardware issues, doing a clean install likely resolves any problems.
While a clean install is always the way to go for many technical users, upgrading to
Windows 10 can be tricky. Microsoft is allowing users to perform a clean install of the operating
system when upgrading from Windows 7 or Windows 8.1. However, it requires users to
38
upgrade before the product keys can
work on a clean install of Windows
10. Otherwise, chances are, your
installation won't activate correctly.
Starting from scratch also takes
longer than doing a plain in-place
upgrade because you'll need to
reinstall and reconfigure any
software you previously had. It
also requires that you have the
applications installation files
and products keys.
If the Windows setup can't recognize different hardware in your computer, you'll have
to manually find and install all the necessary drivers. Sometimes, it's not an easy task.
Besides deleting all your applications and settings, performing a clean installation of
Windows will delete all your files. (Make sure you backup all your data before using the
upgrade path.)
Microsoft doesn't offer an option to do a clean install if you're upgrading using Windows
Update. The only way to perform a clean install is by manually downloading the Windows 10
installation files.
Using the Windows 10 Setup tool, you can choose to "Upgrade this PC now" or "Create
installation media for another PC". Choosing the "Upgrade this PC now" will give you the choice
to keep all of your files and apps. If you choose to keep your files and apps, you will be doing an
in-place upgrade. Choosing not to keep your files and apps can be considered as the option to
do a clean install.
Personally, I like to create an installation media. This way I can have a better control on
how Windows 10 will install, as I can reorganize the hard drive partitions as well.
39
It's worth noting that doing a clean install will prompt users to enter their product key.
It's not a big deal, but it's something to keep in mind. Also, performing a clean install with a
bootable media won't offer the option to roll back.
In practice, it's always better to start fresh with a clean install of Windows, even more if
you've been running the same installation for quite some time.
Self–Check 1.2-2
Test I. Answer the question below (20 points)
40
1. You have a computer that runs Windows XP Professional. You would like to upgrade the
computer to Windows 7. Before doing the upgrade, you want to verify that the
computer meets the hardware and software requirements for Windows 7. Which tool
should be used?
2. You manage the desktop computers at your company. You are in charge of 100
computers, all which run Windows XP. You want to upgrade to Windows 7. Prior to the
upgrade, you need to verify the compatibility of each computer with Windows 7. You
want to gather the necessary information as quickly as possible. What should you do?
3. You are preparing for installation of 64-bit Windows 7 on a computer that is currently
running a 64-bit version of Windows Vista. You perform a hardware inventory on the
computer and note the following:
Processor = 2.0 GHz
Free Hard Drive Space = 200 GB
RAM = 1GB
DVD drive = 18x
100 Mbps NIC
You need to prepare this computer to ensure that it meet the min hardware
requirements of Windows 7. What should you do?

THE COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Tell the importance of operating system.
2. Classify an operating system for a specific computer
Introduction:
As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the system that runs
your computer and different devices attached to it. Each device plays an important role,
without each other computer system will not work properly.
What is an Operating System?
41
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every
general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating
systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to
the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
It is a software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users
with an interface used to access those resources.
For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is
like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that different program and users running at the same time do
not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring
that unauthorized users do not access the system.
Operating systems can be classified as follows:

O Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating
systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
Linux ,Unix, Windows 2000
O Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.
Linux , Unix, Windows 2000
O Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
Unix, Windows 2000 and Windows multi point
O Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.
42
Linux ,Unix ,Windows 2000 and Windows 7
O Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and
UNIX, are not real-time.
Operating systems provide a software platform on which other application programs
can run. The application programs must be written to run on top of a particular operating
system. Your choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great extent the
applications you can run. For PCs, the most popular operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and
Windows, but others are available, such as Linux.
Self-Check 1.3-1
Multiple Choice:
Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
1. A software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users with an

interface used to access those resources.
A. Hardware
B. Operating System
C. Driver
D. Application
2. The type of operating system that allows two or more users to run programs at the
same time.
A. Multi - user
B. Multiprocessing
C. Multitasking
D. Multithreading
3. It supports running program for more than one CPU
A. Multitasking
B. Multithreading
C. Multi - user
D. Multiprocessing
4. Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.
A. Multitasking
B. Multiprocessing
C. Multithreading
43
D. Multi – user
5. All of the choices below describe an Operating System EXCEPT.
A. provide a software platform on which other application programs can run.
B. perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to
the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk
C. it makes sure that different program and users running at the same time do not
interfere with each other.
D. ensuring that authorized users can access the system.

INSTALLING WINDOWS 7 OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Know how to install Windows 7 operating system
Introduction:
Before the installation process undertake, a technician must be aware of the minimum
requirements of a computer hardware that is compatible with the operating system to be
installed. Following the systems’ requirements means an efficient computer system. The list
below shows the windows 7 minimum requirements for installation:
 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor*
 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)
 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
 DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver.
Windows 7 Installation
As a technician you must be able to know the variations or options in
installing an operating system that is compatible with the hardware
requirement of a personal computer. Another operating system available in the
market now is the Windows 7 version. Now, take a tour through the procedures
in installing a Windows 7 operating system. I believe, the procedures will be
very easy for you.
1. Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s

mainboard) to enter the system BIOS.
44
2. Go to Boot menu and choose Boot from CD/DVD.
Boot Menu
3. Press F10 to save the configuration and exit BIOS then reset your
computer.
Save configuration settings
4. Insert Windows 7 DVD into your DVD drive then start up your computer,
Windows 7 will be loading files.
Windows 7 loading files and Start up
45
5. Select your language, time & currency format, keyboard or input method
and click Next.
6. Click Install now.
Install Now
7. Check I accept the license terms and click Next.
License Terms Agreement
46
8. Click Upgrade if you already have a previous Windows version or
Custom (advanced) if you don’t have a previous Windows version or
want to install a fresh copy of Windows 7.
Windows 7 Options for Installation
9. (Skip this step if you chose Upgrade and have only one partition)
Select the drive where you want to install Windows 7 and click Next. If you
want to make any partitions, click Drive options (advanced), make the
partitions and then click Next.
Drive Options
10. It will now start installing Windows 7. The first step, (i.e. Copying Windows files) was already done
when you booted the Windows 7 DVD so it will complete instantly.
Windows 7 Starts Installation
47
11. After completing the first step, it will expand (decompress) the files that it
has been copied.
Expanding Windows Files
12. The third and fourth step will also complete instantly like the first step.
Installing Features and Updates
13. After that it will automatically restart after 15 seconds and continue the
setup. You can also click Restart now to restart without any delays.
48
Restart to Continue Installation
14. After restarting for the first time, it will continue the setup. This is the last
step so it will take the most time than the previous steps.
Completing Installation
15. It will now automatically restart again and continue the setup. You can click Restart now to restart
without any delays.
First Start Up
16. Type your desired user name in the text-box and click Next. It will
automatically fill up the computer name.
Software Personalization
49
17. If you want to set a password, type it in the text-boxes and click Next.
Password Set- up
18. Type your product key in the text-box and click Next. You can also skip
this step and simply click Nextif you want to type the product key later.
Windows will run only for 30 days if you do that.
Type Windows Product Key
19. Select your desired option for Windows Updates
Windows Update
50
20. Select your time and click Next.
Time and Date Settings
21. If you are connected to any network, it will ask you to set the network’s
location.
Windows 7 Set- up Complete
Preparing Desktop
51
Self-Check 1.3-2
Written Test
Test I. Multiple Choices
Direction: Read each questions carefully and write the letter of the best answer.
1. These are small software programs that help the operating system use the device.
a. Application c. Installer
b. Driver d. Device manager
2. Which of the following is software shared on a small memory chip on the motherboard?
a. Installer c. Driver
b. Application d. BIOS
3. It is the way to set up a system or the assortment of components that make up the system.
a. Configuration c. Driver
b. Set up d. Installation
4. Which of the following is not a Windows 7 minimum requirement?
a. 128MB RAM or higher c. Lower resolution monitor
b. CD- ROM or DVD ROM d. None of the above
5. If you see a message to press any key to boot the CD and you fail to do so, what do you
think will happen?
a. The computer will restart c. It will be prompted to BIOS setup
b. Set up inspecting your system will appear d. It will return to boot menu
6. What key should you press if you need to install any third- party or RAID drivers?
a. F2 c. F9
b. F6 d. F12
7. Where do we typically install the operating system?

a. Drive C c. External Drive
b. DVD d. Floppy Drive
8. Suppose that you will install Windows 7 on a system with more than one partition, what
important process should be done?
a. Change the file system c. Examine the partition
b. Delete the data and files on the different partition d. Format correct partition
9. What file system is usually used during installation?
a. FAT c. NTFS
52
b. FAT32 d. NTFS32
10. Which of the following is a connector on the back of a computer or other device?
a. Modem c. Router
b. Port hub d. Network Gateway
11 . Errors cause by corrupted driver files.
a.POST code errors c. Runtime errors

b. Device manager error d. Stop errors
12. These are printed-circuit boards that enables the computer to use a peripheral device.
a. Adapters c. Bridge
b. Drives d. Ethernet switch
13. Errors cause by malfunctioning hardware components and characterized by short beep
sounds.
a. POST code errors c. Device manager error
b. Runtime errors d. O Stop errors
14. A small software programs that help the operating system use the device.
a. Hub c. Toner probe
b. Bridge d. Drivers
15. Errors cause by glitches in the program code itself.
a. Stop errors c. Application errors
b. System errors d. Runtime errors
16. Generally the first or second thing that appears on computer after turning on the power.
a. Perform an auditory test c. Check the POST

b. Check any newly installed hardware d. Check any newly installed
software
17. It is unorthodox but still effective way of judging how computer is working.
a. Check any newly installed hardware c. Check any newly installed software
b. Perform an auditory test d. Check the POST
18. The driver may be badly written or it may conflict with another process.
a. Perform an auditory test c. Check the POST
b. Check any newly installed hardware d. Check any newly installed software
19. If the problem appears directly upon startup it may be caused by software that starts
automatically on boot.
a. Check any newly installed hardware c. Check any newly installed
software
b. Perform an auditory test d. Check the POST
20. A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on the hard drive.
a. Scandisk c. Defrag
b. Disk management tool d. FDIS
53
INSTALL THE COMPUTER APPLICATION SOFTWARE
1. Recognize the guidelines in installing an application in the computer
Introduction:
Installing the Applications (Manual Installation)

If you do not want to install the applications through the installation interface, use these
alternate, manual installation procedures.
Before You Begin
Before beginning installation, you need to know your application license key. The key
was provided with the installation CD.
Installation Steps
Follow these general installation and configuration steps, located in this appendix and
other chapters:
o Step 1: Install and configure the application server software

o Step 2: Install the Identity Install Pack software
o Step 3: Configure the Identity Install Pack index database connection
o Step 4: Install the Sun Identity Manager Gateway (optional)
o
Note: The application server installation and configuration process differs by type. Refer to
previous application server-specific installation chapters for more information on their
installation and configuration.
The procedures in this section begin with Step 2, Install the Application Software.
Step 2: Install the Application Software
Follow these procedures to install the software.
On Windows
Enter the following series of commands:

54
set JAVA_HOME=Path to JDK
cd ApplicationDeploymentDirectory
where ApplicationDeploymentDirectory is the directory where your application server is

deployed. For example, for a Tomcat installation, change directory to c:\tomcat-3.2.3\webapps.
mkdiridm (or any other directory name)

cd idm
set WSHOME=ApplicationDeploymentDirectory\idm
jar –xvf %CDPATH%\idm.war
ON UNIX
Enter the following series of commands:
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
cd $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps
cd ApplicationDeploymentDirectory
where ApplicationDeploymentDirectory is the directory where your application server is

deployed. For example, for a Tomcat installation, change directory to c:\tomcat-3.2.3\webapps.
mkdiridm (or any other directory name)

cd idm
WSHOME=ApplicationDeploymentDirectory/idm;export WSHOME
jar –xvf /cdrom/cdrom0/idm.war
Note If you re-license the product you must import update.xml again. This will insure that you
get all the objects for the products which are licensed to you.
Before You Continue
If you plan to use an index database, you may need to copy one or more files to
the idm\WEB-INF\lib directory. For example, you may need to place into idm/WEB-INF/lib a JAR
file containing a JDBC driver (for a DriverManager connection) or a JAR file containing a JNDI
InitialContextFactory (for a DataSource connection). To determine the steps you may need to
perform before you go on, see
When finished, continue with Step 3.
55
Step 3: Configure the Identity Install Pack Index Database Connection
The ServerRepository.xml file is an encrypted file that defines how to connect to the
index repository. Use one of the following procedures to configure the repository XML file.
Windows or Xwindows (UNIX) Environments
If you are running on Windows or in an Xwindows-capable environment:
1. Enter one of the following commands to launch the setup interface.
On Windows
cd %WSHOME%\bin
lh setup
On UNIX
cd $WSHOME/bin
lh setup
The installer displays the Locate the Repository panel.
1. Select an index database:

o Oracle (JDBC Driver)
o Oracle (Data Source)
o MySQL (JDBC Driver)
o MySQL (Data Source)
o DB2 (JDBC Driver)
o DB2 (Data Source)
o SQL Server (JDBC Driver)
o SQL Server (Data Source)
o LocalFiles
2. Click Next.
The installer displays the License Key panel.
3. Click Import from File to import your license key data from an XML file.
4. Click Next.
5. The installer displays the Import XML Files panel.
6. Accept the default XML file ($WSHOME\sample\init.xml), or enter or browse to the path
to the XML file you will use to set initial database values. When finished, click Import
File.
7. When import completes, click Done in the setup panel.
Non-Xwindows Environments
If you are not running in an Xwindows-capable environment, follow these steps.
56
1. Set your index repository with the following series of commands:
cd $WSHOME/bin
chmod 755 *
2. Run the setRepo command, using the appropriate location flags required to connect to
the database.
3. Set your license key with the following commands:
cdidm\bin
lh license set -f License Key File
4. Start the application server.
5. Load the initial database values. Follow these general steps:
a. Log in to the administrator interface.
b. From the menu bar, select Configure Import Exchange File.
c. Enter or browse for the init.xml file (located in the idm\sample directory), and
then click Import.
Others ways/ steps in installation:
Methods of installing device drivers
Admin can install device drivers on a server in four ways.
1. Running the Setup. Device drivers are automatically installed for all detected devices during
installation of Windows 2000 system on the server computer
2. Starting the computer. Whenever the server is started, new devices are detected and their
device drivers are automatically installed
3. Scanning for new hardware. Add/Remove Hardware Wizard can be used to perform the
hardware-detection process and desired device driver installation
4. Manual installation. You can use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to specify the device
you want to install, or you can right-click the .INF file that comes with the driver and choose
Install.
Note: You must have administrative privileges on the server to install device drivers
Configuring devices using Device Manager
Device Manager displays information about all devices installed on your server. It
displays a list of devices that were either detected or for which drivers are installed. The icon
for the device indicates whether the device is in proper working condition.
Normal icon indicates that the device driver has initialized successfully while an
Exclamation point on icon would mean that device is incorrectly configured and a Stop sign on
icon means that device could not be initialized due to hardware conflicts.
To resolve hardware conflicts and to override the resources or the device driver that
were assigned to a device, follow these steps:
57
1. Start Device manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
2. Right-click the desired device and select Properties.
3. Click the Resources tab on the Properties dialog box.
4. Click the resource to be changed and then clear the "Use automatic settings" checkbox.
5. Click Change Setting and then change the value of the setting to the desired value.
However best thing to do is to let Plug and Play resolve conflicts whenever possible.
Changing the driver source location
While adding a device to your system, Windows 2000 provides a driver, which gets installed
from the Driver.cab file in the systemroot\DriverCache\I386 folder. Tthis file is approximately
50 MB. If the driver cannot be found in Driver.cab, Windows 2000 will prompt you for the
location of the driver.
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It's a good idea to keep this file at a central location so that all clients install drivers from
a consistent central source. To change the source path in the Registry and delete the local copy
of Driver.cab, simply update the data for the "SourcePath" value in his key in the Registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Setup
This will also save space on the hard disk of client computers.
Updating and removing device drivers
Administrators often have to update the existing device drivers or remove them. To update a
device driver:
1. Start Device Manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
3. Click the 'Driver' tab and then click the Update Driver button.
To remove a device:
58
1. Start Device Manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
3. Click the 'Driver' tab and then click Uninstall button
Note: Removing the device does not actually delete the device driver itself. What it does is
remove references to the driver from the Registry so that the computer does not load the
driver.
Upgrading from uniprocessor to multiprocessor
Many times the need arises to get your server upgraded in terms of software and
hardware. If Windows 2000 was originally installed on a single processor PC and a second
processor is to be added, you need to update the system software. To do so::
1. Start Device manager by typing 'Devmgmt.msc' in the Run dialog box.
2. Expand the Computer icon and make note of the computer model.
3. Right-click the computer model below the Computer icon and select Properties.
4. Begin the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard by clicking on the Update Driver button from the
Driver tab.
5. Choose Display a List of Known Drivers For This Device and then click Next.
By selecting Show All Hardware of This Device Class, you can choose from a list of
supplied multiprocessor drivers. If you have W2k-specific multiprocessor drivers, use the Have
Disk button.
Driver signing
Driver signing ensures that the drivers have been certified by Windows Hardware
Quality Labs (WHQL). It has been implemented in Windows 2000 to improve the quality of
drivers and increase the overall stability of the Windows operating system.
Microsoft digitally signs all files and drivers on the Windows 2000 installation CD. But
administrators often download drivers from the Internet or get them from various hardware
vendors. To configure how these third-party drivers should be handled:
1. Open Control Panel.
2. Select the System Properties icon.
3. Switch to Hardware tab, and click the Driver Signing button.
A dialog box opens which has three checkboxes:
 Ignore (allows installing all files, regardless of the file signature)
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 Warn (displays a message to the user before installing an unsigned file). This is usually the
default setting.
 Block (restricts the installation of unsigned files).

Check the required checkbox and hit OK.
Disabling devices and services for a specific profile
Individual devices and services may be configured to load or not load as part of a Hardware
Profile. To disable devices:
 Open Device Manager and select Properties of the desired device
 On the General tab under 'Device Usage' label select Do not use this device (disable) option
 Click OK.
To disable services:
 From Administrative Tools, select Services.
 Select the Log On tab from the Properties dialog of any of the Services
 Click on Enable or Disable for the selected Hardware Profile.
Driver installations: failure and recovery

Here are three problems that commonly occur during the installation of a device driver
and their solutions:
Problem: Wrong driver is installed
Solution: Press F8 at startup and use the Last Known Good Configuration
Problem: Driver gets installed partially or some files are missed during installation.
Solution: Use a command-line utility called "System File Checker" that can verify the
version of protected system files and revert to a previous version. Type sfc.exe /scannow on the
command prompt for running the utility.
Problem: Files are corrupt during installation.
Solution: Uninstall or remove the device driver, restart the server and reinstall the driver.
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Installing Programs in Windows 7:
We can Install a Program in Windows 7, which is Compatible with windows 7 and approved as
Authorized by Windows, otherwise while running the program windows will ask for your
Permission to Continue,Following are some Simple Steps.
Step 1 : Installing From a CD/DVD/BD/HD/USB:
Insert the Disc you have to the Drive of the System, if your Disc is Bootable, then you will have
the Auto play Dialog Box, If not Just Brows it through Computer and Locate the Program you
need to Install, This Will be Applicable to programs which are Stored in your Pen-drives also.
Installing by Following the Instructions:
Follow the Auto-play/Selecting it from Disc instructions,and correctly follow the Instructions, if
it's asked for the Permissions, please provide it and read any information which is provided by
windows 7.
Tip:
If your windows 7 is not happy with what you are installing, just Re-validate it by yourself and
Install.
Now your Installed program can be found at Start > Program > All program or simply by typing
the name at search box.
Installing a Program which is downloaded from Internet/Available in PC:
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Find the File you have Downloaded/Available in your PC
Double-Click it, for Windows to allow the program to Run.
Follow the Instructions and Finish the Set up.
Self-Check 1.4-1
A. Answer the questions below.
1. What are sample weekly and monthly maintenance procedure?

(20 points)
2. Are the configuration settings correct in setup for the devices you have installed? ( 10 points
)
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
After reading the INFORMATION SHEETS, YOU must be able to:
1. Identify the procedures of application software installation:
Introduction:
You install a computer program so that you can do new things by using
those programs — things you can’t do with the programs you already have. You
can install a computer program to add new capabilities to your computer, such
as creating greeting cards or drafting legal documents. Some programs are free;
others cost money. Programs designed for professional work may cost
hundreds of dollars.
To install programs from a CD or DVD:

1. Insert the program disc into your computer’s disc drive or tray, label
side up (or, if your computer has a vertical disc slot instead, insert the
disc with the label side facing left).
The AutoPlay dialog box appears.
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2. Click the option to run Install or Setup.
User Account Control may ask if you really want to run this program.
(Windows 7 tries to keep you from installing software unintentionally by asking
for confirmation.)
If nothing happens when you insert the disc, choose Start→Computer to open
the Computer window; double-click the icon for your DVD or CD drive; and
then double-click a program named Setup or Install.
3. If the installer offers a language selection, choose yours; likewise,
agree to the end-user license agreement, if requested.
Many installers require you to accept an end-user license agreement (EULA).
You can read the EULA or not, but you can’t install without agreeing to its
terms.
4. If the installer offers Express or Custom installation options,
choose the Express option to let the installer set up the program
without further input from you.
The Custom option or Advanced Settings allows you to specify where to install
the program and, perhaps, which parts of the program to install. Some
installers provide other options to install documentation and other programs or
to register the program.
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1. As the installer program continues to run and display dialog boxes, click
the Next or Continue button.
You proceed to the next dialog box each time you click.
2. Click the Finish or Close button in the last step of the installer program
to complete the process.
In a few cases, the setup program may ask you to restart Windows 7. In
this case, you don’t have to restart immediately, but you won’t be able to
use the new program until you do restart
Self-Check 1.4-2
1. The operating program does what?
a. Software that is embedded in a hardware device
b. A specific type of software developed to allow interaction with
hardware devices
c. A program that manages all other programs on the computer
2. If you run into problems or questions with a piece of software what menu option should you
choose?
a. Options b. Help c. Print
3. What does GUI stand for?
4. What are the two types of software?
a. Application and os
b. Application and system
c. User and system
5. What is an example of system software?
a. Adobe Photoshop
b. Microsoft Word c. Firmware
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TEST DEVICES/SYSTEM & CONDUCT STRESS TEST
Learning Objectives
1.Test devices, systems and/or installation to determine its conformity with therequirements
2. Determine the significant of stress test on the install computer system
3.Conduct a stress test on an installed computer system
Introduction
System testing is performed on the entire system in the context of a Functional

Requirement Specification(s) (FRS) and/or a System Requirement Specification (SRS). System
testing tests not only the design, but also the behavior and even the believed expectations of
the customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds defined in the
software/hardware requirements specification.
The following examples are different types of testing that should be considered during
System testing:
 Graphical user interface testing.

 Usability testing
 Software performance testing.
 Compatibility testing.
 Exception handling.
 Load testing.
 Volume testing.
 Stress testing.
System Testing in seven steps:
1. Creation of System Test Plan

2. Creation of system test cases
3. Selection / creation of test data for system testing
4. Software Test Automation of execution of automated test cases (if required)
5. Execution of test cases
6. Bug fixing and regression testing
7. Repeat the software test cycle (if required on multiple environments)
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TESTING INSTALLED EQUIPMENT/DEVICES (COMPONENTS)
As computer technician you will need a good understanding of the health and safety
regulations from early on in your career, so that you understand the good practices demanded
by law. In particular, you need to:
 report any accidents
 take reasonable care of your own health and safety when moving heavy
components
 not cause any electrical hazards
 make sure that workstations meet safety requirements.
You need to adhere to health and safety regulations as they will help to protect you and
others and will avoid any unnecessary legal action for reckless and unsafe working practices. If
you identify any health and safety problems, you should tell your line manager or the health
and safety representative immediately.
The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it starts without errors. ICT
professionals are also likely to use tools and utilities to check that all is well with the system
after an installation.
The Use of Diagnostic Tools in testing installed hardware components and other peripherals
Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment. Diagnostic toolsinclude
the following:
 Digital multimeter is a device that can take many types of measurements. Ittests the
integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components. A digital
multimeter displays the information on an LCD or LED.
 A loopback adapter, also called a loopback plug, tests the basic functionality of
computer ports. The adapter is specific to the port that you want to test.
 The toner probe, is a two-part tool. The toner part is connected to a cable at one end
using specific adapters, such as an RJ-45, coaxial, or metal clips. The toner generates a
tone that travels the length of the cable. The probe part traces the cable. When the
probe is in near proximity to the cable to which the toner is attached, the tone can be
heard through a speaker in the probe.
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Figure 114. Diagnostic Tools
Software Tools
Like hardware tools, there are a variety of software tools that can be used to help
technicians pinpoint and troubleshoot problems. Many of these tools are free and several come
with the Windows operating system.
Disk Management Tools
Software tools help diagnose computer and network problems and determine which
computer device is not functioning correctly. A technician must be able to use a range of
software tools to diagnose problems, maintain hardware, and protect the data stored on a
computer.
You must be able to identify which software to use in different situations. Disk management
tools help detect and correct disk errors, prepare a disk for data storage, and remove unwanted
files.
The following are some disk management tools:
 FDISK: A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive. The
FDISK tool is not available in Windows XP, Vista, or 7. It has been replaced with the Disk
Management tool.
 Disk Management Tool: Initializes disks, creates partitions, and formats partitions.
 Format: Prepares a hard drive to store information.
 Scan Disk or CHKDSK: Checks the integrity of files and folders on a harddrive by
scanning the file system. These tools might also check the disk surface for physical
errors.
 Defrag: Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster access to programs and data.
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 Disk Cleanup: Clears space on a hard drive by searching for files that can be safely
deleted.
 System File Checker (SFC):A command-line tool that scans the operating system critical
files and replaces files that are corrupted.
Use the Windows 7 boot disk for troubleshooting and repairing corrupted files. The
Windows 7 boot disk repairs Windows system files, restores damaged or lost files, and
reinstalls the operating system.
Test procedures
A test procedure is a set of steps to guide you through what needs to be done to
thoroughly test the installation. It is designed to help you work more effectively and to make
sure you test everything that needs testing.
Test procedures are created in-house and could include these steps:
1. Gathering test information. The first step is to run the tests required by the procedure and
find out what happens. You should record all the results of your tests in a log so that you know
which pass and which fail, thereby requiring further action.
2. Validating the test information. The next step is to check the data you gathered from the
tests to make sure it is correct. This is usually done by running the tests again.
3. Responding to test information. This step is important because you need to be able to
recognize when a test shows problems or is successful. For example, if ping is used to test a
network connection then Request timed out shows the test was not successful.
4. Checking specification. The final step is an important end to testing. You need to check the
specification for the installation to make sure that it has been met. For example, if a user
requested an upgrade to make their display run at 1920 x 1200, then the ICT professional
should check that the graphics card and screen can do this.
External Visual Inspection
The external visual inspection consists of a quick inspection of the exterior of the
computer, the monitor, the keyboard, any peripherals, and cables. While performing the visual
inspection, make any necessary corrections. To perform the external visual inspection, perform
the following steps:
1. Turn off the computer, the monitor, and all peripherals.
2. Verify that all power cables are properly connected to the computer, the monitor and
peripherals, and their power sources.
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3. Verify that the keyboard and mouse interface cables are firmly attached to the proper
connectors on the back of the computer.
o For a PS/2-compatible mouse, the keyboard and mouse interface cable connectors
are identical except for their labels.
o For a serial mouse, the mouse interface cable must be firmly attached to one of the
serial port connectors, and its captive screws must be secure enough to ensure a
firm connection.
4. Verify that network cables (if present) are properly attached.
5. Verify that any devices attached to the serial and parallel port connectors are properly
connected.
 Each of the serial and parallel port interface cables must be firmly attached to an
appropriate connector on the back of the computer as well as to the interface
connector on the device. The captive screws that secure these connectors at
each end of the interface cable must be secure enough to ensure a firm
connection.
6. Verify that the video interface cable is firmly attached to the video connector on the
back panel or to a video expansion card, and also to the connector on the back of the
monitor. For proper connection of the video monitor, see the documentation for the
monitor.
7. Inspect all external monitor controls for any obvious damage or improper settings. For
proper settings of the video monitor controls, see the documentation for the monitor.
8. Inspect the keyboard to ensure that no keys are sticking. If one or more keys are
sticking, it may be necessary to replace the keyboard.
9. Inspect the exterior of the computer, including all controls and indicators, and all user-
accessible data storage devices for any signs of physical damage.
10.
Does the inspection reveal any problems?
Yes. Proceed to the appropriate procedure in "Removing and Replacing Parts."
No. Proceed to "Observing the Boot Routine."
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Observing the Boot Routine
After you have performed an external visual inspection as described in the previous
section, you should boot the system and, while the boot routine is running, observe the system
for any indications of problems.
NOTE: Most of the steps in this procedure require observation of system functions and
indications, some of which can occur simultaneously. It may be necessary to reboot the
system several times to complete all of these steps.
To observe problem indications during the boot routine, perform the following steps:
1. If the system is off, turn on all peripherals and the computer.
2. Check the power supply fan. Does

the fan run normally?
o Yes. Proceed to step 3.
o No. Troubleshoot the system power supply.
3. Watch the <Num Lock>, <Caps Lock>, and <Scroll Lock> indicators on the upper-right
corner of the keyboard. After all three indicators flash momentarily, and following a
long pause (approximately 30 seconds), the Num Lock indicator should light up and
remain on(unless the Num Lock option is set to OFF in the System Setup program).
Do these indicators flash on and off within approximately 10 seconds after the boot
routine starts?
o Yes. Proceed to step 4.
o No. Troubleshoot the system power supply. If the troubles hooting procedure
indicates that the system power supply is operational, troubleshoot the memory.
4. During the boot routine, observe the system for any of the following indications:
o Beep codes — A beep code is a series of beeps that indicates an error condition.
o System error messages — these messages can indicate problems or provide
status information.
o Diskette-drive and hard-disk drive access indicators — These indicators light up
in response to data being transferred to or from the drives. If either of these
indicators fails to light up during the boot
routine, troubleshoot the diskette drive or hard-disk drive subsystem, as
appropriate.
5. Observe the monitor screen for the Diagnostics menu.
Internal Visual Inspection
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NOTICE: Before you proceed with the internal visual inspection described in this section,
ensure that the user has saved all open files and exited all open application programs if
possible.
NOTICE: Before you proceed with the internal visual inspection described in this section, ensure
that the user has saved all open files and exited all open application programs if possible.
A simple visual inspection of a computer‘s interior hardware can often lead to the
source of a problem, such as a loose expansion card, cable connector, or mounting screw. To
perform the internal visual inspection, perform the following steps:
1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect all the AC
power cables from electrical outlets.
CAUTION: Before beginning to work inside the computer, disconnect the power supply
from the power source and the power supply cables from the power supply.
2. Remove the computer‘s right side cover.

CAUTION: The heat sink assembly can get extremely hot during system operations.
Be sure that it has had sufficient time to cool before touching it.
CAUTION: When handling the heat sink assembly, take care to avoid sharp edges on
the heat sink.
3. Verify that the chips, expansion cards, and SEC cartridge and heat sink assembly or
assemblies are fully seated in their sockets or connectors.
4. To ensure that the chips are fully seated in their sockets, press firmly on the top of each
chip.
5. Verify that all jumpers are set correctly.
6. Check all cable connectors inside the computer to verify that they are firmly attached to
their appropriate connectors.
7. Reinstall the computer cover.
8. Reconnect the computer and any attached peripherals to their power sources, and turn
them on.
Suppose that you are in the workshop carrying out hardware installations, the owner
are very impressed with you. There has been a lot of telephone time spent recently explaining
to customers how to test installed components of their computer systems. The shop has
decided to create their own video that will be uploaded to the website and YouTube. You have
been asked to create this video.
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1. Create a video to demonstrate how to install the hardware components. Make sure
you include everything you need to do to work safely.
2. Show how to configure any device installed in the computer.
3. Create another video on the following:
a. Undertake final inspection on the assembled computer system for functionality.
This will be to test that the newly installed hardware components work without
problems;
b. Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted; and
c. Follow procedures in forwarding documentation to appropriate personnel or

authority
Stress Testing
Stress testing is the process of determining the ability of a computer, network,

program or device to maintain a certain level of effectiveness under unfavorable conditions.
The process can involve quantitative tests done in a lab, such as measuring the frequency of
errors or system crashes
Because exercise makes your heart pump harder and faster, an exercise stress test
can reveal problems with blood flow within your heart. A stress test usually involves walking on
a treadmill or riding a stationary bike your heart rhythm, blood pressure and breathing are
monitored.
STEPS IN HOW TO STRESS THE COMPUTER
1. Close all the open programs
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2. Right click the bottom bar (taskbar) on a windows computer and select task
manager.
3.If you have a slow internet connection and were looking to test a network intensive
program, use the networking tab info; otherwise select the performance tab.
 Here are some live graphs of your computer, these will go up when we test it.
4. Test your computer. Start opening as many programs and clicking as many things as you
can, also be watching the task manager for the effect of your effect.
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5. Watch the just RAM/memory - the graph that is more straight and labeled as some sort of
memory is RAM. RAM ranges from 256 MB to 512 MB to 1 GB to 2 GB and even 4 GB. Note:
512 MB is 1/2 GB. If you have KB's of RAM, it's time to upgrade. When you open a program and
see the small box with the programs name while it is loading, the program is loading from the
hard disk to the RAM. The more RAM you have, the more programs you can run at once. A
common place to get more memory is crucial.com.
 Processor/CPU - the more spiky graph represents the processor or CPU of your computer. Do
you have enough "Intel" inside? If the computer doesn't respond as fast as you like when you
click something, you may consider a new computer with a faster processor. The processor is the
brain of a computer, that is, the processor executes commands to open a program, whereas the
RAM is the temporary memory to run a program. You will notice that whenever you click
something, the CPU spikes.
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6.If you already tested your computer, you may wish to do so again if you did not read about
RAM and CPU first. Close all programs and wait for the CPU to settle, then
 If you see that your processor of RAM maxes out and hits the top of the graph area under
normal activity, you should definitely consider more RAM, or a new computer with a faster
processor.
Self-Check 1.5-1
Test II. True or false

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Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE otherwise.
1. Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer (except when working
on monitors)
2. Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any powered peripherals
while you are working on it.
3. Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand before you
touch anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an anti-static wristband.
4. Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-metallic) edge. Don't

touch the pins or other connectors.
5. Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power Supply that

incorporates surge and spike protection
6. Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.
7. Whenever you purchase software or hardware for your computer, you should first make
sure your computer supports the system requirements.
8. The speed of a computer's processor chip (technically known as its "clock speed") in
measured in gigahertz (GHz).
9. A computer's graphics system determines how well it can work with visual output.
10. Today 40GB is an absolute minimum hard drive size for a new computer running
Windows 7.
11. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
12. BIOS instruct the computer on how to perform a number of basic functions such as
booting and keyboard control.
13. The external visual inspection consists of a quick inspection of the interior of the
computer.
14. Disk management tools help detect and correct disk errors.
15. The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it starts without errors.
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FOLLOW 5S AND 3Rs ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND PREPARE
AND FORWARD DOCUMENTATION TO APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL
1. Identify the proper procedure of 5S & 3Rs according to environmental policies
2. Practice 5S and 3RS according to the environmental policies
3. Recognize proper documentation to appropriate personnel.
Introduction:
Once an organization determines the 5S strategies are a good fit for the company,
they need to start planning out how to implement 5S. Proper implementation will require
physical changes to the facility, as well as training employees and other parties to operate in
accordance with the 5S methodology.
It can take quite some time before 5S is fully implemented, but there will be
significant benefits throughout the implementation process.
Before even beginning the implementation process, it is important to understand

what 5S is. The following video explains what 5S is and how it can help a facility.
To summarize, 5S is a workplace organization strategy that works on improving the

efficiency and effectiveness of the company. It gets its name from the fact that each of the five
main areas of focus start with the letter S:
What is 5S?
5S is a system for organizing spaces so work

can be performed efficiently, effectively, and safely. This
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system focuses on putting everything where it belongs and keeping the workplace clean, which
makes it easier for people to do their jobs without wasting time or risking injury.
 Sort
 Set in Order
 Shine
 Standardize
 Sustain
Each S represents one part of a five-step process that can improve the overall
function of a business.
 Sort - Eliminating any obstacles that get in the way of production. Remove any
unneeded items, put things away, and make sure the right people are performing the
right jobs.
 Set in Order - Arrange things so that they are located where they need to be used.
Reducing or eliminating the need for employees to walk to another area to get a tool
will help prevent wasted time and effort.
 Shine - Clean workplaces are much more efficient than dirty ones. In addition, clean
tools and machines last longer and cause fewer issues during operation.
 Standardize - Setting standards for how work should be done will reduce errors and
improve efficiency. While standards can be improved upon, having everyone operating
in the same way will help increase production.
 Sustain - Make sure any improvements implemented will be effective long into the
future. Performing audits and inspections can help sustain the improvements gained
through the other four steps.
Here are the Steps:
Step #1: SORT

Sort through and sort out:
1) Activate your local Backup process; check that this has been done correctly!
Tip: If you don’t have a Backup procedure for your PC then fix this immediately. Your PC will go
wrong at some point!!! Make sure your Backup procedure is effective and up to date.
2)Delete all unnecessary icons, files and folders from your PC desktop
3) Delete all unnecessary folders and files from your ‘Libraries’ folder
Tip: Wave your mouse over every icon, file or folder on your computer and ask yourself:
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a) Do I know what this is?
b) Do I need this?
If you answer ‘No’ to either of the above questions then delete.

Rationale: Too many unused files and folders slow you and your computer down, PC clutter
makes searching for information difficult.
 If it is not needed then get rid of it.

 If it is needed by somebody else then give it to them.
 If it is need by the organization then release or archive the files.
 Don’t be a data hoarder!
Step #2: SET IN ORDER:

Organize your files and folders to reduce clutter and allow for instant access.
1) Create these 5 folders in your ‘Documents’ Folder:
 _INBOX- Put unprocessed items that don’t have a place yet in here. This may be files and
forms sent to you from colleagues that require processing. _ACTION ITEMS - Put items
requiring an action that will take more than 2 minutes in here. This may be items such as
forms to fill out or files to upload.
 _ON HOLD - Put items you are not ready to deal with in here. These may be items that you
are unable to process at this time.
 _CURRENT PROJECTS - Put files related to active projects in here. This folder contains files
that you are currently working on as well as reference files for a project. Each project gets
its own unique folder within this.
 _ARCHIVE - Put completed projects, general reference items, and anything else you might
want to look at again in here. Remember: Don’t store information that is no longer
required!
Tip: By placing the _underscore in front of the name of a file or folder, forces that file or folder
to be displayed at the top left when ‘Auto arrange’ is switched on
2)On your Desktop create the following folders and shortcuts:
 _APPLICATION LINKS- Put your desktop Application links and shortcuts in here.
 _ INBOX Shortcut- A short cut to your ‘My documents’ Inbox.
 _DOCUMENT–SHORTCUT-A shortcut to your documents folder
Tip: CAPITALISED folder names are faster to read. This speeds up your recognition of folders
making your life quicker and easy.
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3) Create an organized sub-folder structure as required.
Tip: Your PC file structure should be clear enough for a stranger to understand. File and Folder
names should clearly identify ‘what it is’. Check that your naming is clear
Tip: If you need to keep older versions of documents locally, then create separate _HISTORY.
Remember to remove unneeded items regularly.
Step #3: SHINE

Cleaning your PC is checking your PC for problems:
1) Clean your computer screen.
2) Clean the key board.
3) Clean all cables and ensure free from dust.
4) Clean computer main box.
Tip: A clean screen reduces glare. A dust free computer is able to keep cooler reducing the
chance of a fatal error and data loss.
Step #4: STANDARDIZE

Do try and develop your file structures and methods. Share best practice with your
colleges to ensure continued improvements. Hold a monthly casual coffee meeting to discuss
PC optimization.
Tip: Create a document retention guide. Set recommendations for keeping/deleting e-mails,
documents and other files.
Example:
 Consider for deletion: e-mails that are 3 years old or more
 Consider for deletion: Reports that are more than 5 years old
 If the document is in constant use or needed, the release or archive the file in accordance
with local procedures
 Etc….
Step #5: SELF DISCIPLINE/SUSTAIN

Allocate 5 minutes a week to run through the 5s’s on your PC. A specific time should
be allocated in your Outlook diary to keep your PC working environment in tip-top shape.
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1) Set Outlook appointment to repeat the PC 5s tasks
2) Work with others and take the time to review your colleagues PC organization
3Rs refers to three terms often used when talking about waste: Reduce, Reuse,
and Recycle. Reducing is cutting back on the amount of
trash we make, reusing is finding a new way to use trash so
that we don't have to throw it out, and recycling is using
trash to remake new goods that can be sold again.
The Importance of the Three R’s:

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
The three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and
Recycle. These three are the best way to make a
positive impact on our environment. It’s
important to put these into practice, as landfill
space is quickly running out, the plastic pollution in our oceans are increasing,
and our environment is deteriorating at a faster pace.
Reduce: One of the best ways to help the environment is to reduce
the amount of waste you produce!
 Shopping - The majority of grocery stores are even getting on board,
offering bins of beans, popcorn kernels, nuts, and seeds and more, to buy in
bulk, to aid in the effort of reducing packaging waste. When shopping, keep
in mind the amount of packaging material you are buying, and having to
toss out. Meats still come in Styrofoam trays and plastic packaging are used
to extend shelf life.
These can be inevitable with some food items, so make sure you recycle
what CAN be recycled, like items in cans and cardboard packaging. It’s a good
thing to be mindful of.
 Carpooling – carpooling, walking, taking public transportation or riding
your bike instead of driving can make more of an impact that you think. Not
only do you save on gas, but you reduce the amount of emissions that are
polluting our air quality.
 Decluttering – Some of us have a bad habit of throwing away things when
we are decluttering or spring cleaning our homes, work spaces, and
garages. The majority of things that typically get thrown out, can in fact be
donated. Check out where there is a donation center near you. Having a
block party or multi-neighbor garage sale is also a great way to get rid of
unwanted items instead of just throwing them away, plus, you could earn
some extra pocket cash. They also have great online resources where you
can post your items right from your phone, like the Facebook market place,
the Let go App, or Craigslist. Sometimes, parking lots in shopping centers
have a clothes donation drop off box. These are donated to people in need,
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or textile companies pick them up and they get recycled into workable
materials. Clothes take anywhere from 3 months-80 years to decompose in
landfill depending on what material they are made with. There are also tons
of fun ways to repurpose and reuse your clothes to turn them into
something else that’s useful to you!
 Work place – Print on both sides to reduce how many pages you print. Bring
your own silverware and reusable napkins when eating lunch at work. It’s
always a good idea to use a reusable bag to being these in as well.
 Food Waste – The majority of people don’t realize that food waste rots in
landfill and releases methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global
warming. Regardless if you think global warming is a hoax or not, landfill
space is filling up, and we are running out of places to put all of our waste.
An easy way to reduce food waste is to start composting. If you don’t
garden, or time or space for an outdoor compost pile, food waste can be
tossed into your green waste organics bin on garbage pickup day. Waste
management companies usually provide this bin for free or for a low cost.
It’s ideal for yard trimmings, and food waste. Read up on why composting is
important, and learn how you can do your part to start reducing your food
waste!
Reuse: Instead of using one-time use items, like plastic water bottles
or plastic grocery bags, opt in for a reusable option.
Food & drink – Store leftovers in reusable containers instead of using plastic
zipper baggies. Pack lunches in these containers as well. Reusing jars that
sauces, salsas, etc. come in make great storage jars as well! Jars in general are
awesome for storing home-made items, or if you’re buying in bulk from the
bulk grocery bins as discussed in the Reduce section, jars make great storage
for a zero waste transition. Bring your own silverware when packing your lunch
for school or work – you’ll feel better about not tossing a plastic one in the
garbage every day. Same with a reusable coffee mug or reusable water bottle.
The majority of coffee shops actually provide you with a small discount if you
bring your own travel mug!
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Shopping – Swoop a reusable tote to go grocery shopping with, and
choose reusable produce bags to truly eliminate the plastic consumption issue!
Clothes & household items – There are a TON of up cycle ideas, crafts, and
ways to up cycle and reuse old clothing and old house ware items. We gathered
a few ideas for you.
Work place & School – Use both sides of writing paper. Create scratch paper for
reminders, notes, and important tasks by cutting paper into 4’s – this is a great
way to use up all the paper you can before recycling it.
Recycle: Recycling is beneficial in so many ways. Not only are you preventing
recyclable items from ending up in landfill where it can take 100’s of years to
decompose, but you’re giving your recyclable item a chance to get made into
something else.
 Check out our recycling basics to see what your recyclables are made
into. Recycling also reduces air and water pollution, along with reducing
landfill space needed for items that can’t be recycled.
 It's important to recycle in the right bins or areas, the below are items
that usually aren't picked up curbside.
 Car Parts:
o Motor oils - many auto parts stores accept used motor oil and
other auto fluids for recycling or disposal! DO NOT throw motor
oils in the basic trash bin - this is considered a hazardous waste.
o Car Batteries - these can also be recycled. Take them to your auto
shop or car parts store, they have a program where they ship these
out to be recycled properly.
o Tires - Tires are typically not even allowed to be dropped off at
landfills - take them to a local recycling facility or tire retailer and
they will take it off your hands for you.
Electronics:
 Inkjet Cartridges - More than 500 million printer cartridges are sold each year in the
United States, and more than half — 350 million of those — are sent to landfills. Toner
cartridges are both recyclable and reusable, so more eco-friendly options for disposal
exist. There are two main choices for keeping printer cartridges out of landfills:
recycling and refilling them (Earth911.com). Many office supply stores offer to recycle
your cartridges for you
 Batteries - In some areas, it's actually illegal to throw away rechargeable batteries in
the garbage due to the heavy metal elements in them. Single use batteries on the
other hand are easier to recycle. You can drop them off at a local facility, or many
counties even have an e-waste program that offers curbside pickup or mail in recycling
options.
 Computers & Monitors - See if you can donate these items first. If not, manby e-waste
programs offer curbside pick-up or drop off locations that recycles these properly.
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Documentation of patient care, equipment maintenance, inventory
control and training can help protect the assets of an EMS organization. It can
help prove (in a court of law, if necessary) that the organization acted in a
prudent manner.
Six reasons why a document management system is
necessary for your organization.
You’re sitting at your desk when suddenly an urgent e-mail comes

from your boss. They are requesting the latest version of a critical policy
document she urgently needs for a meeting arrives. No sweat, you will easily
find it in your company’s document share drive. You begin by looking in the
likely places starting with your department folder you think it should be in – no
luck. No problem, you will just use the search box to find the document, typing
in a predictable title. There are plenty of document matches for your search but
you know that none of them is the document you seek. Panic sets in and your
boss is now calling your desk phone, as she is late for her meeting.
We’ve all been there, as intuitively as we think we have organized our

company “shared” network folders, documents get lost and frustration sets in.
Whether it is neglecting to archive or delete the outdated version of documents,
images, files, assets, etc. or employees orchestrating confusing naming scheme
for the folder structure – the point is this archaic means of organizing and
managing documents/assets isn’t working for your company and it is costing
you.
Subscribe for Intranet Tips

Luckily, there is an easier way. Document Management is a way
organizations can store and track all of their documents in one, central
location using their intranet or other digital asset management software.
Document Management has many benefits that maximize an
organization’s productivity and time-cost savings Here are the five reasons why
your organization needs a Document Management system in place:
1) Increase Collaboration & Communication
Having a Document Management system in place promotes quicker
and easier collaboration among employees, especially across geographic
locations. By having the ability to quickly access documents and share them
through an online workspace, such as an intranet, it allows users to work
together on the same project with no hassle. Through other collaborative
features included in your intranet software, these documents can be saved and
shared among employees throughout the organization.
2) Reliable Document Version Control

For large organizations, maintaining updated documents and keeping
information current can often be a struggle. Our customers often ran into that
problem before moving to a Document Management system. By having
85
document management software, it is easier to keep track of documents and
keep them up-to-date. Users can simply upload a document then manage the
updates and versions online through their intranet. Our Document
Management feature includes an automated archive and clean-up function to
better organize and maintain documents.
3) Increase Time-Cost Savings

Ever heard the saying, “time is money”? If we go back to our scenario
above, it took so long to locate a specific document, that the boss was late for
her meeting. This is costing the organization in man-hours and potentially
costly mistakes without arming managers with the best information available
to make the right decisions. By having all these documents organized and filed
on your company intranet, it makes it much easier and faster to locate the
right information. With a few clicks of the mouse, the document can be found
and used accordingly.
You can include Quick Links to popular or important documents on
your intranet homepage to make the search even faster.
4) Eases Accessibility
With more and more people working from home or traveling for work,
it is critical that they have access to specific documents or policies when they
are not in the office. While some may argue that this is easily done with paper
documents, there’s still a chance that halfway through your flight you realize
you forgot something back at the office. Having these documents online and
accessible from anywhere is more efficient and can save a lot of time and
stress. With our Mobile Intranet application, we make your intranet available
from your mobile device, making getting a certain document even easier,
especially when you’re on the run.
5) Increase Productivity
Uploading, editing, tracking and sharing documents takes half the
time with a Document Management system. Because of this, it enables
employees to be more productive and ultimately more efficient. The time spent
searching for documents through several different cabinets can now be used to
get more work done. An intranet allows the company to store all its documents
and data digitally in one organized place. This can be accessed on the intranet
from any computer or mobile device with permission.
6) Keep Everyone Up To Date
Once your documents have been updated using our version control
functionality, the next challenge is getting your staff to get in there and read
the new policy. With our read and agree feature you can, with a couple of click
of the mouse, select and notify everyone in your organization to let them know
that they need to read the updated policy. You can even give them a deadline. If
they decide to ignore the initial prompt, they are sent more automatically. This
ensures they are not going to forget. At any time, you can pop into the policy
assist area to check and see who has confirmed. Therefore, when you reach the
86
deadline if you don’t have 100% completion, you know exactly where to follow
up.
Self-Check 1.5-2
Test I. Multiple Choice.
Instruction: Choose the best answer.
1. 5S stands for
a. Sort, Set, Shine, Standardize and

Sustain
b. Simple cleaning
c. Shine, Spotless, Sanitize & Safety on Saturdays
2. Shine is about
a. Making sure the paint on all new machines shines like the bosses
car
b. Making sure there is no dirt on the floor
c. keeping the plant clean and making it easier to clean
3. Who is responsible for 5S
a. Cleaning team and

maintenance
b. Operators and cleaners
c. Cleaners, operators, maintenance and management
4. Sort is when you
a. Put all the tools away by how big they are
b. Is when you only have exactly what you need on the plant
floor
c. Making sure all the tools in the bakery have a home
5. We do 5S
87
a. To make the plant a more efficient and safer place to
work
b. Because our supervisors tell us we need to
c. To make the plant look good for when headquarters visit
6. Which one of these best describes 5S

a. Nothing out of place and nothing missing
b. A place for everything and everything in its place
c. identified and ready for use
d. A home for everything
7. Where to do 5S
a. 5S is best only done on the

b. plant floor 5S is best done in areas
that are messy
c. 5S is best done on the plant floor, maintenance, shipping and offices
8. When to do 5S
a. 5S is best done every day as part of good
b. practices 5S is best to be done when the plant

is not busy
c. 5S is best done at the end of the day or before a shutdown
Test II. Answer the question
1. Why Document Management is Necessary for your

Organization?
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CORE UNIT 1

SAINT JAMES ACADEMY OF SKILLS TECHNOLOGY, INC.

SECTOR : ELECTRONICS SECTOR

LEARNING OUTCOME NO.1: ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Occupational Health and Safety during Disassembling of PC

1. Observe ESD (Electrostatic Discharge).

1. A bag that has been specially designed to help

1. Also known as a grounding mat.

2. Static electricity may not electronically destroy many of the delicate

3. Setting on a chair does not generate more electrostatic. So it is fine take a

4. Electrical storms can increase the ESD risk.

5. The outside of an antistatic bag is also protected, so placing a hardware

After reading the information sheets, students can

A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk

A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys

Parts and Functions of the Computer

System Unit Cases

Inside the system unit

Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer.

b. Hard disk d. None of the above.

3. In disk partition, what should you do first?

b. Install important updates only d. None of the above

5. After the installation process, will your pc?

What is Boot, Booting and Bootable Devices?

So, Let’s Talk More About Bootstrapping:

To determine if a computer is capable of booting to a USB device, access the computer's

CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY

2) Fix boot information of your system

5. Type “active” and press Enter.

Test I. Encircle the letter of your best choice.

1.Which of these operating system is not Unix based?

Custom install Windows 10:

Wait while Setup starts.

You will receive the following warning

Test I. Answer the question below (20 points)

Information Sheet 1.3-1

What is an Operating System?

Operating systems can be classified as follows:

1. A software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users with an

Information Sheet 1.3-2

1. Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s

Save configuration settings

Windows 7 loading files and Start up

6. Click Install now.

7. Check I accept the license terms and click Next.

License Terms Agreement

Windows 7 Options for Installation

Windows 7 Starts Installation

Expanding Windows Files

Installing Features and Updates

Type Windows Product Key

19. Select your desired option for Windows Updates

Time and Date Settings

Windows 7 Set- up Complete

7. Where do we typically install the operating system?

a.POST code errors c. Runtime errors

a. Perform an auditory test c. Check the POST

INSTALL THE COMPUTER APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Installing the Applications (Manual Installation)