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1 Definition of Game Terms in the attack, then those combined components of the division
and Components only count as half a unit in exploitation.
• At the moment of elimination, only the last component of an
1.1 The Units armored division remaining on the map can generate a KG.
1.1.1 Combat units (referred to as ‘units’ in the rules) represent the
troops of the two sides which participated in the military opera- 1.1.6 Some divisions have their attack factor printed on a black or
tions simulated in this game. black and white background to indicate that they can perform an
1.1.2 There are three types of units in the game: armored attack (see 8.6).
• German or Soviet divisions, Soviet armored and cavalry corps,
4 GMK 4 KK
• Headquarters (HQ), H
• Armor or infantry Kampfgruppen. 4 2 3
9 9 3
Unless specifically noted, all rules apply equally to divisions and
corps. To facilitate reading the rules, the term ‘division’ will be 1.1.7 Each HQ counter has the following informational characteristics:
used to indicate divisions and/or army corps.
1.1.3 Every division counter has the following informational cha- Voron. 4 PzA Unit
racteristics: designation
Command 9 1 3 9 1 3 Movement
294 Unit Points
designation Radius
Elite capacity H
5 6 2
Defense strength
Attack strength Movement
Points The flip side of an HQ counter represents the same HQ unit in
Defense strength
Pontoon mode. Movement and supply penalties due to rivers are
The flip side of a division counter represents the same unit but negated at the hexside where the arrow points. An HQ on this side
with reduced factors. Divisions have two step losses (see 1.3). otherwise functions normally, but may not move.
294 Voron.
H
3 3 2 9 1 0
1.1.4 Divisions are either armored or non-armored units: 1.1.8 KGs appear after destruction of German elite units. They
- armored divisions have an armored vehicle silhouette in the follow the same rules as divisions, and differ only by the unit
center of the counter. symbol (vehicle silhouette or foot soldier, without a NATO symbol
or historical designation). Unless specified, the rules concerning
H24 Pz H
26 TK
H
3 Mot
divisions apply equally to KGs.
5 5 3 7 6 3 5 5 3
KG KG
- non-armored divisions have a symbol (generally NATO) in the
2 2 2 4 4 3
center of the counter. Note: these symbols are solely for illustrative
purposes and have no other function in the game.
1.2 Command Radius (CR)
336 3 Jul 60 G 4 KK 201 1.2.1 The CR of an HQ is specified as a number of hexes (not MPs),
H and characterizes its ability to command and supply troops within
5 6 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 its proximity.
1.2.2 The CR is counted from the HQ hex (excluded) to the hex
1.1.5 Some German armored divisions are composed of two or containing a unit (included). To be situated in the CR of an HQ,
three individual component unit counters each bearing a hori- the unit must be located at a distance equal to or less than the CR.
zontal stripe of the same color. For game play, each individual Hexes connected by road or rail count as a half hexes for the dis-
component unit functions as a division except for the following tance calculation, but only if the HQ is located in a city and on a
points: rail line leading to a friendly supply source.
H11 Pz H11 Pz 1.2.3 The CR cannot enter or cross a hex containing an enemy unit,
nor enter a hex adjacent to an enemy unit unless the hex is also
4 4 3 4 4 3 occupied by a friendly unit.
1.2.4 The CR may not cross a major river hexside without a bridge
• Components of the same armored division only count as one (either depicted on the map or created by an HQ in pontoon
stacking point (see 1.11) when stacked together in a single hex. mode), a ferry or Bridging Unit support marker.
• If an armored attack is declared during combat, and if all the See Example #1
components of an armored division present on the map take part

HH
Armored divisions Infantry Cavalry Mountain Security Elite
infantry (Sicherungs)

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Example #1 -Command Radius

In this example, where the major river is not frozen, the German 298th Division is not within command radius of HQ Lanz. Given the
presence of enemy units, the command trace may not cross hexes 1511 and 1613. Further, the command trace may not cross the
non-frozen major river. The only possible path would be hexes 1410-1411-1412-1413-1414-1515-1614, but this is a path of seven
hexes, thus greater than the HQ’s range of six hexes. If the headquarters was located in the city in hex 1409, then the hexes in the
connected road or rail path would count as ½ hex each, and the unit would be within the command radius of the HQ. If the major
river was frozen, the command trace could pass through hexes 1410-1411-1412-1413-1514-1614 l

1.3 Step Losses • In a generic manner to accomplish various game actions such
1.3.1 Each unit has one or two potential step losses, which repre- as armor replacements, strategic movement, etc. In these cases,
sent its current strength. The front side of the counter represents the specific events and conditions linked to the marker do not
the unit at full strength. If the unit takes a step loss as a result of apply.
combat, it is turned over to its flip side which has reduced combat Example: an Air support can be used in a generic manner to replace
factors. If the reduced unit takes another step loss it is eliminated. an armor loss, even in bad weather.
1.3.2 Units without a flip side (including HQs), have only one po- 1.5.3 If drawn, events noted on support markers marked with a
tential step loss. They are eliminated after the first step loss result. white circle on their flip side (Stalin, etc.) must be played as events
1.3.3 Place eliminated units into the owning player’s Eliminated on the turn they
Units box on their player aid. are drawn. S S S S
1.3.4 Place units withdrawn from the game because of Unit
­Withdrawal or Upgrade (see 18), eliminated KGs (see 8.15.8) as
well as units eliminated while under OOS-FS status (see 10.2)
in the owning player’s Withdrawn Units box on their player aid. 1.6 Offensive Markers (OM).
These units may not be rebuilt. 1.6.1 Only the Soviet player has Offensive Markers.
1.6.2 The Offensive Markers possess an action radius expressed as
1.4 Game Markers hexes, calculated from the OM’s hex (excluded) to the unit’s hex
1.4.1 Various markers are used to convey information. They are (included). The action radius is independent of terrain and enemy
placed either on the map, on player aids, or directly on to unit units.
counters. Their use is explained in the appropriate rule sections. 1.6.3 The flip side of the OM marked ‘Stalingrad’ is restricted
for use only within one hex radius of Stalingrad (against Axis
1.5 Supports units encircled in the city). The action radius is then modified
1.5.1 Support markers are used by the players to influence military (see 11.1.2).
operations. These markers not only represent material support,
but may also represent particular events which occurred during 1.7 Nationality
the course of the campaign. 1.7.1 Units belong to one side, Soviet or Axis.
1.5.2 The support markers can be used in two ways: • All Soviet units are one nationality.
• Application of the specific event indicated on the front side of • Axis units may be different nationalities.
the marker (see player aid). 1.7.2 The term, ‘Axis’ designates all units on the Axis side
(­Germany and her allies). If a specific nation is cited, then only the
units of this nation are affected by the rule.

Soviet German Allied Nations

Regular unit Guards unit Wehrmacht Waffen SS Romania Italy Hungary

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1.7. 3 Unit nationality impacts stacking (see 1.11.6), supply (see

4.3), use of supports, organization of combats and German Supe- 2 Game Sequence
riority.
• Weather phase (see 3)
1.8 Terrain • Soviet Player Game Sequence
1.8.1 Multiple terrain types: only the predominant terrain type in - Supply phase (see 4)
a hex affects movement and combat. Example: hex 2109 is clear - Soviet Offensives phase (see 11)
terrain. (See Terrain Effects Chart for all types.) - Support phase (see 5)
Note: a road or rail route can nullify the effect of other terrain for - Operation Mars Progress phase (see 6)
movement costs. - STAVKA phase (see 13)
1.8.2 Three types of urban areas are found in the game: villages, - Movement phase (see 7)
cities and major cities. All rules explicitly referencing cities apply - Combat phase (see 8)
to cities and major cities, but do not apply to villages unless speci- - Exploitation phase (see 9)
fically noted. - Reinforcements and Replacements phase (see 17)
1.8.3 The Major City of Stalingrad is composed of hexes 1334 and • Axis Player Game Sequence
1434. The urban areas in hex 1335 and hex 1435 are not part of - Supply phase (see 4)
Stalingrad proper, and do not count when determining ownership - Stalingrad Supply phase (see 10)
of the city (see 10, 11, 17 and scenarios). - Support phase (see 5)
1.8.4 Sea inlets (ex: 0414) and lakes (ex: 0834-0835) are conside- - Movement phase (see 7)
red impassable for movement, combat, supply line and command - Combat phase (see 8)
radius determination. Supply line and command radius traces are - Exploitation phase (see 9)
not cut by enemy units situated on the other side of an inlet or - Reinforcements and Replacements phase (see 17)
lake.

1.9 Rounding Rules 3 Weather Phase

1.9.1 Always round the result up after a number is halved.
1.9.2 A number halved and then doubled remains unchanged. Half 3.1 Determine Weather Conditions
the sum of multiple numbers AFTER adding them together. 3.1.1 Weather is determined at the beginning of each turn. The So-
viet player rolls 2d6 and refers to the Weather Table on the back of
1.10 Hex Control this rulebook, or on the dedicated player aid to obtain the weather
1.10.1 A player controls and captures a hex as soon as a unit moves and cloud cover conditions for the current turn.
through it, or if one of his units occupies the hex at the end of any 3.1.2 After the conditions are determined, the Weather, Cloud
phase. By convention, all hexes west of the frontline at the start of Cover and River Status markers are placed in the corresponding
the game are controlled by the Axis player, and all other hexes are boxes on the Weather track at the bottom of the Operation Mars
under the Soviet player’s control. player aid.

1.11 Stacking 3.2 Types of Weather

1.11.1 Stacking occurs when more than one friendly unit simul- There are two possible weather conditions:
taneously occupies a single given hex. This group of units is called Mud (M) and Snow (S).
a stack. The number of units permitted to occupy a given hex is
limited, as explained below.
1.11.2 Stacking is checked at the end of every game phase.
The owning player must eliminate as many units as needed to
respect legal stacking limits if exceeded at the end of a phase. Mud (M) Snow (S)
1.11.3 Stacking is limited to three division-type units or KGs in a 3.2.1 Snow Effects: none (the Terrain Effects table already takes the
single hex. effects of snowy conditions into account).
Example: 2 divisions and 1 KG reach the legal stacking limit in a 3.2.2 Mud Effects:
hex. • Units may not spend more than 2 movement points and
1.11.4 HQs do not count towards the stacking limit, but only one strategic movement is not permitted.
HQ is allowed to occupy a given hex. • Attacker’s tactical results are not modified by the defender’s
1.11.5 Some German divisions are composed of 2 or 3 counters. terrain; however the following rules apply:
For the stacking calculation, the ensemble of these counters counts (a) D1 results are ignored,
as only one unit as long as they belong to the same division. (b) E, E2 and E3 results are transformed to Eng, apply only the
1.11.6 Hungarian and Romanian unis may not stack together in the attacker Eng losses,
same hex, otherwise any Axis units may stack together. (c) All other results are applied unchanged.
• Minor Rivers are treated as Major Rivers for all purposes.
• Units may not enter a hex adjacent to an enemy unit while
crossing a minor or major river, except when crossing at a
bridge/pontoon/ferry. This is true for enemy units located on
either side of the river.
• No attacks across major rivers are permitted, except via a

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bridge. A bridge (depicted on the map, HQ in pontoon mode or

a Bridging Unit marker) cancels the river effect on movement 4 Supply Phase
and enables an attack across the river with the attack factors During this phase, the phasing player checks the supply status for
divided by three (rounded up). each of his HQs, then for each of his units.

3.3 Types of cloud cover 4.1 HQ Supply

Three sorts of cloud cover are possible: 4.1.1 In order to be in supply, an HQ must be situated directly on a
supply source, or on a communication route (road, rail) leading to
a supply source (see 4.2, 4.3). This Line of Supply (LOS) may be of
unlimited length, but may not cross through a hex containing an
enemy unit or a hex adjacent to an enemy unit, unless the hex is
Clear Overcast Blizzard occupied by a friendly unit.
- Clear Sky (CS): no effect. 4.1.2 HQs unable to trace a valid LOS are removed from the map,
- Overcast Sky (OS): air support markers may be placed on the and subsequently returned during the Reinforcements and Repla-
map but their effect is limited to the hex they occupy. cements phase of the same turn.
- Blizzard (Bz): air support markers may not be placed on the 4.1.3 During the Supply phase an HQ in supply and adjacent to
map. A penalty is applied to Stalingrad supply. a minor or major river may be turned over to its flip side, thus
­allowing it to function as a pontoon. The arrow is pointed towards
3.4 Frozen Rivers a river hexside, thus creating a bridge which cancels the river’s
At the beginning of the game, effect on movement and supply (if a major river).
no rivers are frozen. 4.1.4 At the beginning of the Supply phase, an HQ on its pontoon
- An ‘rf ’ result causes minor side may be flipped back to its face side, which immediately dis-
rivers to freeze. mantles the pontoon bridge.
NOT MINOR MAJOR
Consequences: minor river
FROZEN RIVERS RIVERS
effects are ignored for move- 4.2 Supply Sources
FROZEN FROZEN
ment. A stack attacked solely 4.2.1 Each hex on the map containing a Soviet supply symbol is
across minor river hexsides gains a one point defensive bonus after a supply source for the Soviet player. Some of these hexes are not
application of all other modifiers. active until a specific game turn, noted by a date printed in the
- An ‘RF’ result causes major rivers to freeze. symbol on the map.
Consequences: major rivers effects are downgraded to minor 4.2.2 Each hex on the map containing an Axis supply symbol is a
river effects, and minor rivers effects are identical to an ‘rf ’ result. supply source for the Axis player.
Marshes are considered as forest terrain for all purposes. 4.2.3 The supply source hexes function in a manner similar to an
Exception: if a ‘M’ result occurs on the FEB IV turn, then an ‘RF’ HQ with a logistics radius (LR) of 4 hexes to supply friendly units.
result for the following turn is considered to be an ‘rf ’ result.
4.3 Unit Supply
3.5 Weather Table 4.3.1 To be considered in supply, a unit must be situated within the
(See below ) Command Radius (CR) of an HQ (see 1.2) of the same nationa-
lity (see 1.7) which itself is in supply at the moment of the supply
check for the unit; or be situated within the logistics radius of a
friendly supply source.

S - Snow RF - major rivers frozen S/RF - Snow, and major OS - Overcast Sky
M - Mud S/rf - Snow, and minor rivers frozen Bz - Blizzard
WEATHER TABLE rf - minor rivers frozen rivers frozen CS - Clear Sky

2d6 NOV IV DEC I DEC II DEC III DEC IV FEB IV MAR I MAR II MAR III
to FEB III
2 S - CS S - CS S - CS Srf - CS S/RF - CS S/rf - CS S - CS S - CS S - CS
3 S - CS S/rf– CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/RF - CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/rf– CS S - CS
4 S - CS S/rf– CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/RF - CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/rf– CS S - CS
5 S - CS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS S - OS S - OS S - CS
6 S - OS S - CS S - CS Srf - CS S/RF - CS S/rf - CS S - CS S - CS M - CS
7 S - OS S - OS S/rf– OS S/RF - OS S/RF - OS S/RF – OS S/rf– OS M - OS M - OS
8 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS S - OS M - OS M - OS
9 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS
10 S - Bz S - Bz S - Bz Srf - Bz S/RF - Bz S/rf - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz
11 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS
12 S - Bz S - Bz S - Bz Srf - Bz S/RF - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz

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Exception: a German HQ may supply Italian, Hungarian and Ro- 4.5.2 Supports: First turn excepted, and for as long as Stalingrad
manian units. An Italian, Hungarian, or Romanian HQ can supply is not entirely under Soviet control, the Soviet player must put an
up to 3 units of a different nationality (Exception: Hungarian and extra support marker back into the draw pool (coming from any
Romanians may not supply each other). Available Supports box) in order to play an Artillery or Katyusha
Reminder: an HQ’s CR may not pass through an enemy unit, a hex Support marker east of the Don, south of line 14xx (inclusive)
adjacent to an enemy unit unless occupied by a friendly unit, or 4.5.3 Strategic Movement: Players may not move units off road
across an unbridged major river. or rail using strategic movement unless a support is spent at the
4.3.2 A unit unable to fulfill any of these conditions is considered beginning of the Movement phase.
to be out of supply (OOS). 4.5.4 Soviet Lost Momentum: The Soviet player is penalized for
each movement of his HQs (see 12).
4.4 Out of Supply Effects
4.4.1 A unit determined to be out of supply is marked with an
OOS marker, which remains with the unit until the next Supply 5 Supports Phase
phase.
5.1 General Concepts
5.1.1 Consult the set up instructions at the start of each scenario,
OOS OOS and place the designated Support markers into two separate draw
pools, one for each player.
5.1.2 During the Support phase, the phasing player randomly
4.4.2 Out of supply units have their attack, defense and movement chooses his Support markers from his draw pool and places them,
factors divided in half. event face down, into the appropriate Available Supports box(es).
4.4.3 Out of supply units may use only one movement point du- 5.1.3 There is no limit on the number of Support markers which
ring the Exploitation phase (see 9), or when performing a tactical may be placed in any given Available Supports box.
R result. 5.1.4 Players may examine their available Support markers at any
4.4.4 Out of supply units may not enter a hex which places them time.
further from the closest friendly HQ (But see 10.2.3 for FS-OOS
movement.). 5.2 Return of Support Markers to the Draw Pool
Exception: Out of supply elite units may move in any direction 5.2.1 The phasing player returns all Support markers played during
without restriction. the previous turn to the draw pool at the start of the Support phase
See Example #2 (those still in the various Available Supports boxes remain there).
Exception: some specific Support markers may remain on the map if
4.5 Supply Shortage so indicated (see Description of Supports player aids).
Serious logistical problems caused by extremely overextended
supply lines challenged the general staff of both sides. The rules 5.3 Acquisition of Soviet Support Markers
simulating these difficulties are found in the different sections of 5.3.1 The Soviet player has 4 Available Supports boxes:
the rule book as well as in the special rules for each scenario. They • 1 STAVKA Available Supports box.
are summarized in this section. • 2 Minor Offensive Available Supports boxes.
4.5.1 HQ Command Range: For CR determination, connected • 1 Major Offensive Available Supports box.
road and rail hexes count as a half-hexes only if the HQ is located 5.3.2 Each turn the Soviet player rolls 2d6 for STAVKA Available
in a city and on a railroad leading to a friendly supply source. Supports and 2d6 for each Minor Offensive box whose Offensive
marker is present on the map. The Soviet player modifies the die
roll results depending on the location of the Offensive Markers on
the map (see 5.3.5) and consults the corresponding column in the
Acquisition of Soviet Supports table on the Soviet Supports player
aid. The value indicates the number of Support markers to draw
for each type of Available Supports box.

Example #2 -Supply

During the German player’s Supply phase, the supply status

of headquarters is determined first. HQ Lanz is in supply since
it can trace supply from hex 1701, as the security unit 156Vi
cancels the effect of the 172nd Soviet Division. Next the ­German
player determines the supply status of his units. The 156Vi
Division is within command radius of the ­headquarters and
is supplied. The division in hex 1803 is not in supply ­because
Soviet units have surrounded it, and interfere with the trace
from HQ Lanz. The command trace from HQ Lanz to the 298th
­Division is blocked by enemy units, but nevertheless the division
is ­supplied directly by the Supply Source in hex 1901. l

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5.3.3 Do not roll the die for a Minor Offensive Supports box if the 5.5.5 Unless specifically noted, bonuses conferred by combat
corresponding Minor Offensive marker is not on the map. The Support markers apply in the Exploitation phase as well as during
dice are not rolled for the STAVKA Available Supports box on the the Combat phase.
turn when a Soviet Major Offensive begins. 5.5.6 Soviet Support markers marked O must be deployed within
5.3.4 The Support markers for a Major Offensive are obtained on the action radius of the Offensive Marker to which they are
the placement of the Major Offensive marker, and come from the assigned (see 1.6). The deployment and use of the other mar-
STAVKA Available Supports box. See the rules concerning ope- kers is done without any restrictions. A Support marker marked
ning Soviet Major offensives (see 11.4). O obtained from the STAVKA Available Supports can only be
5.3.5 The Soviet player receives the following Die Roll Modifiers played in a generic manner. However, during this phase, the Soviet
when rolling for Support markers: player may transfer a single Support marker marked O from the
• (-2) until the end of the game starting the first time the Major ­STAVKA box into one of the Offensive boxes. In addition, Support
Offensive marker is placed west of the Donetz (the river flowing markers may be transferred into the Major Offensive box at the
from hex 2510 to Rostov) or to the west of hexes 2610 and 2710 beginning of a major offensive (see 11.0) or by use of the Maski-
(excluded). rovka support.
• (-1) for every Minor Offensive marker on the map placed west 5.5.7 Deploy the Support markers in the following order:
of the Donetz or west of hexes 2610 and 2710 (excluded). • Roll 1d6 for the Stalin or OKH Discord marker;
The modifiers are cumulative and apply to each one of the support • Deploy and use Surprise Attack, Tank Brigade (Soviet player)
acquisition rolls. or Luftwaffe (Axis player) markers;
See Example #3 • Deploy the other Support markers.
Important: With the exception of leaders, Support markers asso-
5.4 Acquisition of German Support Markers ciated with units (Katyusha, artillery...) cannot be placed on a unit
5.4.1 The position of the Manstein or Führer Approval marker which has participated in a Surprise Attack.
(whichever one is occupying the higher space) on the Führer Ap- See Example #4
proval track indicates the number of Support markers the German
player can randomly draw from the Axis draw pool.
6 Operation Mars Progress phase
5.5 Placement and Use of the Support Markers
5.5.1 The acquired Support markers are placed event side down in 6.1 General concepts:
the Available Supports boxes. They can then be deployed on the Parallel to Operation Uranus, Stalin initiated an attack of equiva-
map and used as an event according to the conditions specified in lent size against the Rzhev salient called Operation Mars. This rule
the Description of Supports player aid. simulates the impact of this offensive on Operation Uranus in an
5.5.2 Air Support markers (VVS/Luftwaffe/Goering/Rudel) cannot abstract manner.
be deployed in blizzard weather conditions. 6.1.1 Tracking Operation Mars: During this phase from NOV
5.5.3 Some Support markers must be associated with a friendly IV until DEC III inclusive, the Soviet player rolls 2d6 and consults
unit. In this case, the Support marker must remain stacked with the track on the Operation Mars player aid. The Operation Mars
the specific unit as long as the Support marker remains on the marker starts in the Status Quo box, and as a result of the die roll and
map. If the unit is eliminated, the Support marker is returned to possible modifiers it may either stay put or be moved along the track.
the draw pool. Support markers representing leaders can never be The players apply the consequences that apply to the box occupied by
simultaneously assigned to the same stack: the marker. In the DEC III turn, the final position of the Mars marker
• Soviet Leaders: Lelyushenko, Novikov can influence the arrival of future reinforcements
• German Leaders: Hoth, Hollidt. 6.1.2 Collapse/Breakthrough: If the marker reaches the Soviet
Without exception, German Support markers which must be Collapse or Soviet Breakthrough box, apply these effects, and this
associated with a unit when deployed cannot be assigned to an phase is subsequently ignored for the rest of the game.
Axis allied unit. 6.1.3 End of Operation Mars: Starting DEC IV, this phase is disre-
5.5.4 The effects of various Support markers may be cumulative. garded for the rest of the game.
Exception: two Support markers of the same generic class or two
leader Support markers cannot be used concurrently to influence
a given combat. For example, a player may not use the [1]/+2 and
[1]/+3 Artillery supports, nor the leaders Lelyushenko and Novikov,
in the same combat.

Example #3 -Acquisition of Soviet Supports

We are at turn FEB I. The Soviet player has placed his Major Offensive marker on Rostov (hex 0518, -2 DRM penalty) and
his ­Minor Offensive B marker on Kharkov (hex 2108, -1 DRM penalty). The Minor Offensive A marker is still in the region of
­Stalingrad (hex 1333). Since the two Minor Offensive markers are on the map, 2d6 are rolled three times (for the STAVKA and
the two Minor Offensive Available Supports boxes), with a -3 DRM penalty applied to each result. Referring to the Acquisition
of Soviet Supports table, he gets three supports for the STAVKA Support box (die: 8 - 3 = 5), none for the Minor Offensive A
Available Supports box (die: 5 - 3 = 2), and one support for the Minor Offensive B Available Supports box (die: 7 - 3 = 4). l

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Example #4 - Use of Surprise Attack Support

After selecting supports for the NOV III turn (special rule for this scenario), the Soviet player decides to play 10 Support m ­ arkers this
phase: 2 * Artillery, 2 * Surprise Attack, 2 * Katyusha, 1 * leader (Novikov), 2 * Tank Brigade, 1 * Breakthrough.
Following the sequence described in 5.5.7, the Soviet player places a Surprise Attack support in hopes of opening a hole in the Ger-
man defense. The Surprise Attack and Tank Brigade supports are placed on the stack in hex 1927, which is then moved into hex 1827
(creating over-stacking, permitted when using the Surprise Attack). The units placed under the support at the start of the phase may
attack the Romanian division in hex 1727. The final combat odds ratio is 6/1. With a die roll of 7, the breakthrough is obtained, and
the stack underneath the Surprise Attack support advances after combat. These Soviet units will be able to make a deep penetration
starting from this hex during the upcoming Movement phase.
Next the Soviet player uses the second Surprise Attack support south of Stalingrad with the same goal in mind.
Note: Use of the two Surprise Attack supports during the first turn of the game is highly recommended in order to encircle the G ­ erman
6th Army.
Following these two Surprise Attacks, the sequence of support placement resumes. There is no given priority as to the placement of
these supports, the Soviet player may place them as he wants with reference to the restrictions indicated the Description of Supports
player aid. Only the leader Novikov can be placed on units participating in surprise attacks. Note that for the first turn of the game (only),
supports marked by an O can be placed on the map without taking into account the location of the offensive markers. l

7 Movement Phase an HQ leaves a road and/or rail communication path during its
movement, it must be able to trace a supply line of communication
7.1 General Concepts (LOC) at the end of its move.
7.1.1 During this phase a player may move all or some of his units 7.1.11 In order to avoid map edge effects, no Axis unit may end its
within the limit of their movement factor. Units can be moved in- movement on map row 00xx.
dividually or by stack. Units which move together as a stack must
start their movement in the same hex. 7.2 Strategic Movement
7.1.2 Units are moved hex by hex, either spending movement 7.2.1 Strategic movement allows units to double their potential
points (see 1.1.3), or by using a specific movement ability (7.2 movement rate.
Strategic Movement or 7.3 Rail Movement). Note: strategic and rail 7.2.2 Any unit, except HQs, can perform strategic movement if it
movement can be done along with other forms of movement during fulfills the following conditions:
the Movement phase in any order the player desires. • Perform the entire movement within the command radius of
7.1.3 A unit or stack of units must fully complete its movement one or several supplied HQs of the same nationality;
before the player can move any other unit or stack of units. • Can never be adjacent to an enemy unit, including the starting
7.1.4 Unit movement may be affected by terrain. The number of hex;
movement points needed to move into a hex depends on the ter- • Unless a player spends a support marker (coming from the
rain in the hex as well on terrain features separating the two hexes. STAVKA Available Supports box for the Soviet player) at the
The different movement point costs imposed by terrain features beginning of the Movement phase, a player may not use strategic
are indicated in the Terrain Effects Chart (TEC). movement ‘off-road’ or rail. Use of this support marker allows an
Example: an armored division with three movement points can unlimited number of strategic moves off-road or rail.
move three hexes in clear terrain, or move one hex in clear terrain (1
MP) and one forest hex (2 MPs). 7.3 Rail Movement (Axis player only)
7.1.5 Movement points cannot be held in reserve for use in a sub- 7.3.1 Rail movement capacity for each turn is noted in each sce-
sequent turn, nor transferred for use by a different unit. nario. Rail movement points cannot be accumulated to be used in
7.1.6 A unit can move freely through hexes containing other units subsequent turns. They are indicated on the General track with the
without incurring any extra movement point penalty. appropriate game marker.
7.1.7 A friendly unit may never enter a hex occupied by an enemy 7.3.2 Rail movement costs one rail movement point per unit,
unit. no matter the unit type. The cost is the same if the unit is on its
7.1.8 Movement point allowance notwithstanding, a unit can reduced side.
always move one hex during the Movement or Exploitation phase, 7.3.3 To move by rail, a unit must fulfill the following conditions:
as long as the movement is legal. • The entire move is made on a rail line, able to function as a
Exception 1: an HQ in pontoon mode cannot move. supply line, linked to a German supply source, free of all enemy
Exception 2 : during exploitation, crossing non-frozen major rivers units;
is only permitted at a bridge, pontoon or ferry. • Never be adjacent to an enemy unit;
7.1.9 Units moving directly from hex to hex along a road (the road • Never move through a city captured by the Soviet player (even
crossing a shared hexside) spend only 1/2 MP per hex, and ignore if the city is subsequently retaken by the Axis player). Such a city
terrain features in the hex or of the hexsides crossed. Note: for this can be indicated by a Soviet Control or Rail Line Cut marker.
rule, railroads are also considered to be roads. Exception: movement 7.3.4 A unit using rail movement can move any number of hexes.
along a road or rail in non-frozen marsh hexes cost 1 MP, not ½ MP. 7.3.5 Reinforcements can arrive by rail during the Reinforcements
7.1.10 HQ movement: an HQ may not voluntarily end its move and Replacements phase using available rail movement points.
in a hex where it would be out of supply (see 4.1.1). Thus, even if

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7.4 River Crossing 8.3.3 Only units chosen by the phasing player to attack may
The penalty for crossing a minor or major river is nullified by the participate in the combat and are subject to the results. Once this
presence of a bridge, either depicted on the map (road/rail cros- choice is made, it is irrevocable and may not be changed during
sing the river), or created by an HQ on its pontoon side (the arrow the following steps. The attacker’s HQs may never participate in
on the HQ unit points towards the hexside with the pontoon combat.
bridge), or by a Bridging Unit Support marker (for all adjacent 8.3.4 The phasing player’s units adjacent to a hex under attack, but
river hexsides). not designated to participate in the combat, are unaffected by the
The presence of a ferry permits supply trace at that hexside and combat results.
river crossing at the price of +1 movement point.
8.4 Defender Supply Check
8.4.1 During step 2, check the defender’s status according to the
8 Combat Phase procedure described in paragraph 4.3. For a unit to be considered
in supply during the Combat phase, it must either:
8.1 General Concepts • Be situated within the LR of a friendly supply source (see 4.3,
8.1.1 During this phase friendly units may attack adjacent enemy 4.4);
units. • Be situated within the CR of a friendly HQ, which may or may
8.1.2 The phasing player is called the attacker, and his adversary not be in supply at the moment of the defender supply check.
is the defender, independent of overall strategic considerations or Note: This is a notable difference from the procedure followed in
how the game is evolving. Liberty and Victory Roads (see. 8.4.4)
8.1.3 A player is never obliged to attack. 8.4.2 The supply check is done only for units not already marked
8.1.4 A unit chosen to attack is not obliged to attack all of its as out of supply. Units under an Out of Supply marker are never
adjacent hexes. rechecked during the turn.
8.1.5 Enemy units must defend themselves if attacked. 8.4.3 Place an OOS marker on any of the defender’s units under
8.1.6 Defending units in a stack must be attacked jointly, not attack and unable to trace a supply line at this time. They are
individually. considered OOS until their next Supply phase.
8.1.7 The attacks are executed in any order, as per the attacking 8.4.4 An HQ unit unable to trace a supply line during this step is
player’s discretion, and the attacks need not be declared in ad- not removed from the map nor is an OOS marker placed on it.
vance. This HQ may be used to supply other units during this phase.
8.1.8 A given hex may be attacked only once per Combat phase. Reminder: OOS units have all their factors halved (see 1.9).
8.1.9 A given unit may participate in only attack per Combat
phase. 8.5 Calculate the Combat Odds
8.1.10 Units stacked in a given hex may attack different adjacent 8.5.1 During step 3, the players calculate combat odds, in the form
hexes. of a ratio.
8.1.11 Units in different hexes may jointly attack a single hex com- 8.5.2 The defender starts by totaling the defense factors of the units
monly adjacent to each of them. in the hex under attack. This total is then adjusted with regard to any
8.1.12 Italian, Romanian and/or Hungarian units may never attack applicable modifiers (terrain, Support markers, supply, etc.).
together during the same combat. 8.5.3 The attacker totals the attack factors of all units participating
in the combat. This total is then adjusted with regard to any appli-
8.2 Combat Sequence cable modifiers (terrain, Support markers, supply, etc.).
8.2.1 Each combat is resolved adhering strictly to the following 8.5.4 In order to determine the combat odds, the total modified
sequence: attack factors are divided by the total modified defense factors.
• Step 1: Designate the hex being attacked, and the attacking This result defines the raw combat odds, in the form of a ratio.
units. 8.5.5 The initial ratio is simplified by rounding to the nearest
• Step 2: Perform a supply check for the defending units. whole number in favor of the defender (1 as the numerator or
• Step 3: Calculate the combat odds. denominator).
• Step 4: Resolve the combat and apply any attrition results. Examples: 35 attack factors against 10 defense factors yields a ratio
• Step 5: Check German Superiority of 35/10, rounded to 3/1. 10 attack factors against 35 defense factors
• Step 6: Apply the attacker’s tactical results, except for E, E2, E3, yields a ratio of 10/35, rounded to 1/4.
then the defender’s tactical results. 8.5.6 This combat odds ratio is then adjusted to reflect use of any
• Step 7: Place exploitation markers. attacker Support markers (possible rightward column shifts on the
8.2.2 Each combat is resolved using the Combat Resolution Table CRT).
(CRT). 8.5.7 In cases where the initial combat odds are too low to figure
8.2.3 The results from the CRT (combat effects on the units) are on the CRT, the odds are adjusted according to virtual columns:
expressed in terms of attrition (step losses) and tactical results. 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, etc.
Example: initial combat odds of 1/4, shifted two columns to the
8.3 Designate the Attack right in favor of the attacker, yield a ratio of 1/2.
8.3.1 During step 1, the phasing player designates the hex to be 8.5.8 If the final ratio is less than the most unfavorable CRT odds
attacked, and the units participating in the combat. (1/2), then the attack is canceled. If the final odds are greater than
8.3.2 All of the defender’s units situated in the hex under attack the most favorable CRT column (6/1), then the attack is resolved
must participate in the defense and are subject to the combat on the 6/1 column.
results.

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8.6 Elite Units, Armored attack 8.10 Application of Tactical Results

8.6.1 After determining combat odds, players declare whether any 8.10.1 During Step 6, the attacker followed by the defender, applies
elite units participating in the combat will use their elite bonus their tactical results. Tactical results are always applied, even if one
for this combat (this will influence the application of the combat side has been eliminated as a result of attritional losses.
results (see. 8.8 and 8.9). 8.10.2 The attacker’s and defender’s tactical results may be modi-
8.6.2 The attacker declares his use or not of the elite bonus first, fied by the defensive terrain effects (see the Terrain Effects Chart)
followed by the defender, indicating which elite unit will use the or other game rules.
bonus. Example: in forest, the S result is ignored, while a DR result is trans-
8.6.3 During this step the attacker may declare an armored attack, formed into an S, etc.
which requires at least: Note: tactical results are described in the Combat Results Table. For
• Two units with their attack factors printed on a black reference, ‘F’ means Fallback; ‘S’ means Stand fast; ‘R’ means React.
background; 8.10.3 If a player decided to use an Elite bonus, he can choose his
• Or, one unit with its attack factor printed on a black Tactical Result among other results of the same block of color in
background and one unit with its attack factor printed on black that column as the initially rolled Tactical Result.
and white background. Example: The attacker rolls a 3 on the 6/1 column. The tactical
This affords a bonus if an E result occurs, but at the price of a result is D1. However, if the attacker had declared the elite bonus, he
possible step loss for a unit with its attack factor printed on a black could chose to apply either D1 or E as the tactical result.
background. 8.10.4 If all attacking units attack across a major river hexside,
then the defender chooses if the attacker’s tactical result is modi-
8.7 Combat Resolution fied by the major river or by the terrain in the defender’s hex.
8.7.1 During Step 4, combat is resolved using the Combat Results 8.10.5 Any losses resulting from application of tactical results are
Table (CRT). distributed per the owning player’s discretion without need to
8.7.2 The attacker refers to CRT and finds the appropriate odds follow the restrictions described in 8.8.
ratio column as determined during the preceding step.
8.7.3 The attacker rolls 2d6, and then cross references the result on 8.11 Axis Allied Units in Defense
the appropriate odds column. 8.11.1 The Soviet player attacking a stack of Allied Axis units
8.7.4 The corresponding box in the Loss Column indicates attri- (Italian, Romanian, Hungarian) with less than four steps and
tion results as step losses for the attacker and defender. not stacked with a German unit, receives an additional E tactical
Example: the result A1/D2 means 1 attacker and 2 defender step result. If the result already has an exploitation (E, E2, E3), then this
losses. level is augmented by 1 (E2, E3, E4, respectively).
8.7.5 The corresponding box in Column A indicates the attacker’s Example:
tactical result. - Initial result D1 becomes D1 + E.
8.7.6 The corresponding box in Column D indicates the defender’s - Initial result E3 is ignored in swamp, but is then modified to E.
tactical result. - Initial result E3 in clear terrain becomes E4.
8.7.7 Attrition results are applied immediately, followed by the See Example #5
attacker’s tactical result, then the defender’s tactical result.
8.7.8 Tactical results may be modified if the attacker and/or defen- 8.12 Retreat after Combat
der declared an elite bonus. 8.12.1 Retreat after combat may be mandated as a tactical result.
8.12.2 The owning player decides the retreat path.
8.8 Application of Attrition Results 8.12.3 All attacking or defending units must fall back in case of a
8.8.1 If an attrition result is obtained, the first step loss must be retreat result.
taken from: 8.12.4 The affected units may retreat as a stack, or individually
- an elite unit if the elite bonus was declared, following different retreat paths.
- a unit with its attack factor printed on a black background if an 8.12.5 When determining a retreat path, units must respect the
armored attack was declared. following priorities in strict order, verified on a hex-by-hex basis.
If both the elite and armored bonuses were declared by the attac- If a choice exists between several hexes with respect to a given
ker, then the defender chooses which unit (elite and/or armored) priority, then the hex chosen must be one which also follows the
will absorb the first step loss. subsequent priority listed. If a priority condition cannot be met,
8.8.2 Subsequent losses are chosen by the owning player, but attempt the next priority (exception: 1st priority). If several retreat
every participating unit must suffer a step loss before any unit may paths respect all priorities, then the defender may select his retreat
receive a second loss. path of choice.
Exception: HQs take losses only if every other unit in the hex has • 1. Move one hex farther away from the original hex. The unit
been eliminated. is eliminated if this condition cannot be fulfilled;
8.8.3 If the defender’s hex is empty after the application of attrition • 2. Move away from all attacking units (or if it is the attacker
losses, then attacking units may advance into the hex up to sta- who is retreating, move away from the defending hex). Applies
cking limits. only for the first hex of retreat;
• 3. Move towards the closest friendly HQ, or the Fortress
8.9 Check for German Superiority Stalingrad marker in case of Axis units in the FS command
8.9.1 During Step 5 both players determine if German Superio- radius; an HQ and units stacked with an HQ during a retreat
rity effects apply (see 14.1), and then modify the tactical results if must follow a path towards the nearest supply source;
needed.

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Exemple #5 -Combat

During the Soviet combat phase, the So-

viet player decides to attack hex 1628 with
all adjacent units.
• Step 1: The Soviet player designates the
target hex (hex 1628) and declares that all elite bonus. Further, there
units adjacent to the hex will participate in are only three Romanian
the attack. The Axis player will defend with steps among the units in the
the two Romanian divisions, one of which defending hex, the Soviet player
is at reduced strength. benefits from an additional E result,
• Step 2: The supply status of the defen- increasing the tactical result to E3.
der is checked. The Axis units are located The defender’s tactical result is DR2.
within the command radius of a German The attritional results are applied. The
headquarters (hex 1333, not shown). They Soviet player must take his step loss
are therefore supplied for the combat. from the elite unit or a unit with an attack
• Step 3: The players calculate the odds factor printed on black background (elite
ratio for the combat. The Soviet player and armor effects were declared). Given
totals 34 attack factors and the Axis player that the elite bonus and armored attack
has 4 defense factors. The ratio is 34/4, or following example).
were both declared by the attacker, the
8/1, which is resolved as 6/1, the maximum • Step 7: The Soviet player applies
defender may choose which unit (elite
odds column on the CRT. Note that artillery his E3 result. Given the armored attack
or armored) will take the first step loss.
support would have no effect on this com- declaration, any unit whose attack factor
The Axis player chooses to inflict a step
bat, because the maximum odds ratio of is printed on a black or a black and white
loss on the 26 TK. The Axis player must
6/1 has already been attained. The Soviet background counts as half a unit when
inflict a step loss on each of his Romanian
player decides to declare an armored calculating the total number of units eli-
divisions, thereby eliminating one and
attack and uses his elite bonus. gible for exploitation. With an E3 result the
reducing the other.
• Step 4: Combat is resolved during this Soviet player has 3 exploitation points to
• Step 5: This step is ignored as no Ger-
step. The Soviet player rolls 2D6, obtains allocate. He has 3 ½ points worth of units,
man unit is engaged.
a ‘6’ result, and consults the 6/1 column as expressed in exploitation points, and
• Step 6: Apply the attacker’s tactical
on the CRT. The attrition result is A1D2 so he places Exploitation markers on all
results followed by the defender’s tactical
(one step loss for the attacker, two step his units, with the exception of the Guards
results. The Soviet player’s E3 result will
losses for the defender), and an E for the Rifle division - 2 ½ exploitation points
be applied during step seven. The Axis
attacker’s tactical result, which the Soviet in total.l
player effects the DR2 tactical result
player decides to convert to E2 given his Continued on following page.
and retreats two hexes to 1530 (see the

• 4. Into a hex nonadjacent to an enemy unit; paths (see Example #6). In the vast majority of cases retreats will just
• 5. Into a hex occupied by a friendly unit if the hex is adjacent happen naturally, and the rules can be summarized as meaning a
to an enemy unit; unit must retreat by: moving away from its original hex, towards a
• 6. Into a hex not resulting in over-stacking; friendly HQ and avoiding being adjacent to an enemy unit.
• 7. Into any other hex.
Example: A unit must retreat one hex; it has a choice between two 8.13 Advance after Combat
hexes that take it further from all the attacking units. Between the 8.13.1 If application of the attacker’s tactical results empties all of
two, the player must choose the hex which is closer to a friendly HQ. the attacker’s hexes, then the defender may advance victorious
However, if two valid choices are still possible, then the player checks defending units into these hexes, up to legal stacking limits.
the third priority, and so on, until the retreat has been completed. 8.13.2 If application of the defender’s tactical results empties the
8.12.6 Retreat movement is done without consideration of terrain defending hex, then the attacker may advance victorious attacking
costs (the retreat result is expressed as the number of hexes re- units into the vacated hex, up to legal stacking limits.
quired to fall back, not as MPs). See Example #6
8.12.7 A retreating unit may not cross a sea or a lake hex.
8.12.8 If retreating the required number of hexes results in overs- 8.14 Placement of Exploitation Markers
tacking, then the retreating unit or stack may continue to retreat as 8.14.1 During Step 7, the attacker can place Exploitation markers
many additional hexes as needed to comply with stacking limits. received as tactical results (E, E2, or E3) onto one or more of the
8.12.9 If a unit retreats into a hex which is subsequently attacked units which participated in the combat.
during the same combat phase, it only contributes a defense factor 8.14.2 An E results enables one unit to exploit; E2, two units; E3,
of 1. three units.
8.12.10 A unit with a movement factor of 0 can never retreat and is 8.14.3 If the attacker declared an armored attack (see 8.6.3), then
eliminated in the event of a retreat result. units with an attack factor printed on a black or black and white
Note: the retreat rules may seem complicated, but they are designed background count for only one half a unit during the tally of units
to avoid different interpretations in the event of complicated retreat permitted to exploit.

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Example #6 - Retreat after Combat

The Romanian unit in 1628 has priority to help choose among into a hex occupied by a friendly - The third priority is to move
received a DR2 result and must the four hexes. unit adjacent to an enemy towards the closest friendly HQ
retreat up two hexes. Each hex – The third priority is to move unit. Only hex 1629 fulfills this (now the German 6A HQ). Only
is examined one after the other, closer to a friendly headquar- condition, so the first hex the hexes 1630 and 1530 fulfill this
following the priorities described ters. Only hexes 1627 (closer Romanian division must retreat condition.
in the rules. to the Romanian headquarters to is hex 1629. - The fourth priority is to
First retreat hex: in 1324), 1629 and 1529 (closer Second retreat hex: retreat to a hex not adjacent to
– The first priority is to move to the German headquarters in – The first priority is to continue an enemy unit. Only hex 1530
away from the original hex. The- 1333) fulfill this condition. Hex to move away and finish two fullfills this condition (hex1630
refore hexes 1728, 1627, 1629 1728 is no longer valid and the hexes from the original hex. Only is adjacent to an ennemy unit),
and 1529 are valid, whereas the player examines the next priority. hexes 1530 and 1630 are valid: therefore the Romanian division
others are not, being occupied by – The fourth priority is to retreat hex 1730 is occupied by an ene- finish its retreat in hex 1530.
enemy units. to a hex not adjacent to an enemy my unit and the other hexes do Note if the result had been DR3,
– The second priority is to move unit. As the unit cannot fulfill this not allow movement away from the unit would have had to retreat
away from all attacking units. As condition, the player must pass the original hex. to 1430.l
this unit is encircled, it cannot to the following priority to choose – The second priority is ignored
fulfill this condition. The player among the three remaining hexes. because it is the second hex of
must therefore consider the next – The fifth condition is to retreat retreat.

Example: An E3 result allows six armored divisions to exploit, or 8.15.6 An eliminated infantry unit replaced by the KG may even-
four armored divisions and one infantry division, etc. tually be rebuilt.
8.14.4 The only units permitted to move (with certain restrictions) 8.15.7 All infantry KGs are identical (they have only one step), so
and attack during the Exploitation phase (see 9) are those carrying there is no need to randomly draw them.
an Exploitation marker. 8.15.8 Once eliminated, a KG is withdrawn from the game and
See Example #7 may not be used again.
8.15.9 Once all available KGs for a specific unit type (armor or in-
8.15 German Kampfgruppen fantry) have been used, the German player may no longer replace
8.15.1 If an elite German armored unit is eliminated as a result of this type of unit with a KG.
combat, the German player may choose to replace this armored
unit by a full strength armored Kampfgruppe (KG), randomly
drawn from the pool of available KGs. 9 Exploitation Phase
8.15.2 A KG can only be generated once the last component of an
armored division still remaining on the map has been eliminated. 9.1 General Concepts
8.15.3 An eliminated armored unit replaced by a KG may even- 9.1.1 During the Exploitation phase, only units with an Exploi-
tually be rebuilt. tation marker (see 8.14) can perform actions. These units are
8.15.4 The value of the German KGs varies significantly from one identified as ‘exploiting units’.
counter to the next. Some of the KGs have two steps, others only one. 9.1.2 The Exploitation phase is divided into two segments: first, the
8.15.5 If an elite German infantry unit is eliminated as a result of attacker starts by moving some or all of the exploiting units. Next,
combat, the German player may choose to replace this infantry combats are resolved as desired, but only exploiting units may
unit by an infantry KG. participate in these combats.

12
 STALINGRAD
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9.2 Exploitation Movement major river if a bridge, pontoon or ferry is present.

9.2.1 Only exploiting units may move during exploita- See Example #8
tion movement. 9.3.3 After exploitation combat, the Exploitation markers are
9.2.2 Exploiting units have a movement factor of one removed from the map.
half the printed MA, rounded up.
9.2.3 Units without an attack factor printed on a black
or black and white background which move during this 10 Fortress Stalingrad
phase lose the Exploitation marker on completion of mo- Supply Phase
vement, and therefore may not participate in exploitation
combat. 10.1 Placement of the FS Marker
Note: OOS units can only move one movement point during 10.1.1 A the beginning of his Stalingrad Supply Phase, the Axis
exploitation. (see 4.6.3). player can choose to declare the Fortress Stalingrad Event (FS)
9.2.4 Exploitation movement follows the same rules and if the two hexes of Stalingrad (1334 and 1434) are:
procedures as regular movement. However, strategic and rail • both occupied by German units
movement are not permitted. Crossing non-frozen major rivers • and these occupying units are OOS.
is only permitted at a bridge, pontoon or ferry. 10.1.2 The FS marker is placed within a two hex radius of Stalin-
grad on a hex not occupied by enemy units. If the 6th Army HQ is
9.3 Exploitation Combat still in play, then this HQ is eliminated and may not be rebuilt.
9.3.1 During this segment, the attacker may conduct combat 10.1.3 The Axis player applies the consequences of a major Soviet
against enemy units adjacent to exploiting units. success (14.2.4) and removes all Alarm Support markers with a
9.3.2 These combats follow the same rules and procedures as regu- value of 0-1-1 from his support draw pool, and puts them in his
lar combat (including the use of Support markers), with the three Available Supports box.
following exceptions: 10.1.4 If during the Axis Supply phase, Stalingrad is occupied by at
• The attacker’s tactical results are ignored and not applied. least one German unit judged to be in supply, then the FS marker
• Only the defender’s tactical results are applied. is removed from the map. The marker may be returned again to
• Units may only advance after combat across a non-frozen the map if a new encirclement develops.

Example #7 - Combat 2

During the Axis combat phase, the Axis units will participate in the attack (the two components of 7th Pz count as only one unit.
player decides to attack hex 2111 with all components of 7th Pz, the three components The Soviet player defends with three infantry
adjacent units. of 2nd SS, two of three components of GD divisions located in a village.
• Step 1: The Axis player designates the and two divisions of infantry). Note there • Step 2: The supply status of the defenders
target hex and declares that all adjacent is no overstacking in hex 2110 as the two is checked. The Soviet units are located
within the command radius of the HQ in hex
2213, They are therefore considered supplied
for this combat even if the HQ itself is unable
to trace a supply line.
• Step 3: The players calculate the combat
odds ratio. The Axis player totals 40 attack
factors. The Soviet player has 9 defense
factors, with an additional 1 for the village,
totaling 10. The force ratio is 40/10 or
4/1. The Axis player decides to declare an
armored attack and to use the elite bonus.
• Step 4: Combat is resolved during this
step. The Axis player rolls 2d6 and consults
the 4/1 column on the CRT. The die roll is
‘8’, and the result is A1D2 for attrition (one
step loss for the attacker, two step losses
for the defender) and an E for the attacker’s
tactical result. Despite the elite bonus, the
Axis player does not have a choice of tactical
results, as all the boxes in that block of color
have the same result. For the defender, the
tactical result is DR2. The attrition results
are applied. The Soviet player takes the step
losses from the divisions of his choice. The
Axis player must take one step loss, however
the German Superiority rule will cancel this
loss (14.1, see below).

(Continued on following page)

13
 H H H H H
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 5 5 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 5 5 3
STALINGRAD
ROADS
5 GKK 6 GKK 66 G 67 G 1 GKK 60 G 59 G
(Continuation of #7)
ACTIVE ACTIVE
• Step 5: German Superiority effects are during step 7. The Soviet
3 2player
3 3must2 3 2 2 2 – 2All2components
2 3 2 3 of22nd 2 SS2 Panzer
2 2 2 Division
applied. In this case only the Human Wave apply his DR2 tactical result by retreating count as ½ unit in exploitation;
RESISTANCE 3G 62 G 61 G 4 GKK 5 GTK 7 GKK 13 G
effect is inactive. Therefore the Axis player ACTIVE to hex 2212 via hex 2112 (respecting the – All components of 7th Panzer Division
SUPPORT 1
UNIT
benefits
BACKHAND
MANSTEIN
from
B. the Overwhelming German
DISMISSAL TURN
H
ACTIVE
third and fourth priorities).
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 count
3 2 as
H
3 ½4unit
3 3in exploitation
3 2 3 2 ;2 2
Attack effect, which gives him an additional • Step 7: The Axis player applies his ‘E2’ – Not all components of GD division on the
E result, bringing his tactical results to E2. result. In a declared armored attack, units map participated in the attack and therefore
RESISTANCE SORTIE 1 STACK
Further, SORTIE 2benefits
he also STACKS from the Soviet Rout with attack factors printed on a black or each component counts as ½OFFENSIVE
unit,
MAJOR for a total
STACK VP
effect which allows him to cancel his step loss! S black and S white background
S S count Sas ½ a S S
of 1 unit. X (-10) 4
HUBE • Step 6: During this step, LAST SUPPLY EVACUATION
the attacker’s unit when totaling the number of units which The E2 result thus enables the Axis player to
STALINGRAD

tactical results are applied followed by the may be put into exploitation. The following place 7 units into exploitation
MINOR mode!
MINOR l
VP OFFENSIVE OFFENSIVE
S S defender’s S tactical S results.
S S S units are
S placed Sinto exploitation
S mode:
S S S 3 3
X (-1)
The Axis player’s E2 result will be applied STALINGRAD STALINGRAD

2
S S S S S S
FORTRESS SOVIET SOVIET SOVIET SOVIET SOVIET SOVIET SOVIET
STALINGRAD CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL

S S S S S S S S S S S S S

S S S S S S
OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS

113 S 94 S
H16 PzS H
60 MotS
H
3 MotS 389 S 127 160 172 219 270 309 350 1 153 159
OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS OOS
4 2 2 4 2 5 5 3 4 4 3 5 5 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2
24 Pz 71 295 100 J 79 305263 45 96 277 293 333 278 266 203 197 119
H H
S S S S S S
5 3 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 14 12 2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2 2 3OOS
2

62 S 22 PzS 387 S 7 LwS 23 PzS Kg 3 Gj

S 273 260 233 214 173 120 346 1 TK 26 TK 8336
KK
H H
H H
6 2 5 5 3 5 5 2 1 2 2 6 6 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 5 3 7 6 3 3
5 3 3
2
385 27 Pz 11 Pz 11 Pz 6 Pz 6 Pz 84 49 4 TK 23 24 252 258 304 298 16 TK
6L
71 24 Pz H 14 Pz H 371 H 297 H 16 Mot
OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

H H H
5 2 5 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 7 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 15 13 2
1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 3
2
94 113 76 384 44 376 6L
OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

OOS-FS

7 Pz H 7 Pz 320 302 901 Rg Kg 88 38 29 7 SK 64 95 99 116 138 226 321

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 2
5 3 5 5 3 5 6 2 5 6 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2
111
H 3 Pz 335
H GD H GD H GD 91 126 302 4 MK 4 KK 169 157 204 18 TK 17 TK
Example #8 - Exploitation
6 2 6 6 3 5 6 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 8 8 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 5 3 7 6 3
At the end of the preceding combat (Examples #5 and #6), the Soviet player placed all of his units (excepting 51 Guards Rifle Division)
into exploitation mode, and advanced after combat into the vacated defender’s hex. During the Exploitation phase, the S ­ oviet player
332 39 106 29 Mot 29 Mot 6A 3156A 87 267 300 248 13 MK 422 24 TK 5 MK 180
may first move his units up to one half of their movement potential, rounded up. He crosses the Don and captures Kalach with the 4
6 2 4 5 2 TK, 4 5thereby
2 3 lowering
4 3 3 4Führer3 9 Approval
1 3 by
9 one
2 1 20level
3 2 3(Red
2 Star
2 3 present
2 2 3in2 the2hex).
3 2 He7 deploys
7 3 2the 3 other
2 7 units
6 3 along
7 7 3the 2road
3 2to create
333 147 Res the pocket.
Lanz
Note
Hollidt
that the
1 PzA
swamp
4 PzA
hex south
2 TKof hex121330
TK cannot
15 TK be entered
6 MK as
25 the
TK road
23 movement
TK 7 TK cost in
195 swamp is
387 1 MP. l
98

6 2 2 2 2 6 1 3 6 1 3 9 1 3 9 1 3 7 6 3 7 6 3 7 6 3 8 8 3 7 6 3 7 6 3 6 5 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2

1 SS 2 SS 10.1.5
2 SS If the2Axis
SS player loses 5control of the hex containing the
340 FS 18410.2.3 111
Out of supply Axis52units within
3 TK the10ZOI
TK of the
6 FS marker
H H H 5 SS
H it must H SS 7 KK 161 78
marker, then be immediately moved in the direction of are subject to the following rules:
4 3 4 4 3 Stalingrad,
4 4 3 4 to4 the
3 closest
4 4 3 hex4 occupied
4 3 4 a2friendly
by 3 2 3unit.
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 • They
2 3 are
2 identified
2 3 2 2with 7 6 3 7marker
3 2an OOS-FS 6 3 (or
2 3replaced
2 by the
1 SS H 1 SS H 3 SS H 3 SS H 3 SS Schuldt 53 375 100 107 corresponding
183 279OOS-FS 19units). 50 243 244
10.2 Effects of the FS Marker • OOS-FS units may not benefit from the effects of friendly
4 3 4 4 3 10.2.1
4 4 3The4FS4 marker
3 4 4effects
3 1OOS 2 3 2and2has
2 2 Axis units, 3 no
2 effect
2 3 2on 2 3 2 Support
2 3 2markers
2 3 2(unless
2 3 2 2 3 2 noted
specifically 2 3 2in the
2 3description
2 of
other units. the support).
Cav 8 Cav 10.2.2
20 The zone1 Bl of influence
3 A Rm (ZOI)
7 of the 263
FS marker
259is two hexes,
113 284 • They
299may move
343 in any305direction
151 in spite
271of the 320
fact they are
or three hexes if located in a hex containing an airfield. The ZOI is out of supply. In addition, the FS marker or the Stalingrad
2 3 2 2 3 not
2 3affected
2 4 by 4 3terrain
6 1 but
3 may 2 pass 2through
2 3 not 3 2 2enemy
3 2 units.
2 3 The
2 2 3 2 hexes
2 3function
2 2 3 as2 an2HQ 3 2for determination
2 3 2 2 3 2of retreat
2 3 2 paths after
(GL) 6 (GL) ZOI is calculated from
15 (GL) 7 Cav the hex containing the FS marker (ex-
4 A Rm 11 416 347 325 206 combat.
303 232 237 152 213 Trans.
cluded) to the hex containing the unit (included).
3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 6 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 1 3

5 Cos 314
Rav 3 Cel Barbo 4 Cun 2 Tri 25 G 50 G 47 G 14 G 1 GMK 39 G 3 GKK S.W. Voron.
H H
3 2 3 3 2 5 6 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 10 10 3 3 4 2 6 4 3 9 1 3 9 1 3
 STALINGRAD
ROADS

• They are not affected by the Surrender Support marker. 10.3 Supply Level of FS
• They do not suffer the general OOS consequences, but are 10.3.1 FS has eleven supply levels, with level 10 being the initial
penalized according the corresponding FS supply level (see level, and level 1 corresponding to the surrender of the pocket.
below). Exception: the level starts at 11 if the FS is not sealed at the moment
• After consideration of terrain effects, the tactical combat of declaration.
results for units in OOS-FS status are modified: DR3 becomes The FS Supply marker is placed on the appropriate space of the
DR, DR2 and DR become S, S remains unchanged. General track on the map.
• At the beginning of the Axis supply phase, a unit with an 10.3.2 The effect of supply deterioration on attack, defense and
OOS-FS marker, located outside the ZOI of the FS marker, movement factors on every unit is indicated for each supply level
is immediately eliminated unless it can trace supply back to on the table below.
another supply source (in which case the OOS-FS marker is 10.3.3 The FS supply level is decreased by 1 point at the end of every
removed). Soviet turn during which at least 2 stacks under an OOS-FS marker
• An Axis unit carrying an OOS marker entering the ZOI of the were attacked at odds of 1:1 or higher. It also decreases by 1 point at
FS marker immediately exchanges the OOS marker for an OOS- the end of every Axis player turn if at least one unit under an OOS-FS
FS marker. marker participated in an attack. The consequences of these drops
10.2.4 Securing the Pocket: At the start of the Soviet Movement in level are applied immediately. The FS supply level may also be
phase, every hex containing Soviet units adjacent to Axis units changed depending on the air bridge results.
under OOS-FS status is examined: 10.3.4 The FS supply level may never drop below 1. When the FS
1. If the hex contains one or two Soviet units, then none of these supply level reaches 1, German units lose their elite status and may
units can move during this phase. no longer generate KGs. In addition, the German Superiority rules
2. If the hex contains three Soviet units, then only one unit may no longer apply to these units. These penalties are canceled if the
move this phase. FS supply level rises above 1 again.
This restriction does not apply if during the preceding Axis turn any 10.3.5 FS Surrender: if the supply level is 1 at the end of the
Soviet unit securing the pocket was attacked and the pocket is no Stalingrad Supply phase, and the Soviet player controls hexes 1333
longer sealed. and 1433, then FS surrender effects are as follows:
Note: the Soviet player may rotate all his immobile units in the same • First, the Axis player eliminates one half of his reduced strength
direction as a reminder. units or those that only have step loss in OOS-FS status (round
10.2.5 Sealing the FS pocket: The FS pocket is considered to be up); KGs may not be generated due the surrender effect.
sealed if no Axis unit situated in Stalingrad is able to trace a path • Next, all full strength units in OOS-FS status are reduced.
of hexes of any length to an Axis supply source. This path may 10.3.6 At the end of an Axis turn, if a Stalingrad hex occupied
cross over rivers and be adjacent to enemy units. by an Axis unit is back in supply, the supply level increases by 5
10.2.6 Garrison: The Soviet player must maintain troops in the (maximum value 11). At the end of a Soviet turn, if the FS is not
vicinity of Stalingrad starting on the turn following the declaration sealed, the level increases by 1 (maximum value 11).
of Fortress Stalingrad: 10.3.7 At the end of a Soviet turn, if a Stalingrad hex occupied by
• If the Axis player controls both Stalingrad hexes: 24 divisions an Axis unit is back in supply, the supply level is automatically
or corps within a radius of 4 hexes of the FS marker. reset at 11.
• If the Axis player controls one of the two Stalingrad hexes: 15
divisions or corps within a radius of 4 hexes of the FS marker. 10.4 Air Bridge
• If this force level is not maintained at the end of a Soviet turn, To keep FS supplied, the Axis player has an air bridge symbolized
then all Soviet Support markers are placed back into the draw by 15 Ju 52 markers. These markers are placed in a draw pool. The
pool. Further, the Soviet player will neither receive nor be able air bridge becomes operational the turn following the declaration
to use any supports the following turn. of FS. On the flip side of each marker is detailed an event which
applies most often to one unit or a stack (see below).

FS Supply Level
SUPPLY ATTACK DEFENSE MOVEMENT OTHER
LEVEL FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR CONSEQUENCES
11 /2 Unchanged /2
10 1 Unchanged 1 MP
9 1 Unchanged 1 MP
8 1 Unchanged 1 MP
7 1 Unchanged 1 MP
6 1 per attacking stack /2 1 hex
5 1 per attacking stack /2 1 hex
4 1 per attacking stack /2 1 hex
3 1 per attacking stack /2 1 hex
2 1 per attacking stack /2 1 hex
1 0 1 Only three units can move No more German Superiority
1 hex. effect, Elite effect or KG crea-
tion. Surrender Test of FS.

15
 STALINGRAD
ROADS

Air bridge 10.4.3 Events Associated with the Ju 52 units

Modified 1d6 Change of FS Level # Ju 52s Received The Axis player takes note of the events indicated on the drawn Ju
0 or less -2 0 52 pieces, and then places them face down (Ju 52 icon visible), at
1 -1 1 most one per hex, on units underneath a FS-OOS marker.
Each event is described below and on the appropriate player aid
2-4 -1 2
card. The events apply only to Axis units under a FS-OOS marker
5 -1 3
and located within the ZOI of the FS marker. Once played, the Ju
6 0 3 52 marker is placed back into the Ju 52 draw pool. At the begin-
7 0 4 ning of the following Axis turn, if an event has not been played, it
8 +1 6 is placed back in the Ju 52 draw pool.
• INCREASED UNIT RESISTANCE - The event is played when
Die Roll Modifiers (may not be less than -4 or greater than +2): the hex occupied by the Ju 52 marker is attacked. One unit asso-
+ 1 for each VVS Support marker on the map. ciated with the support defends with its defense factor x2, after
+ 1 if the FS pocket is not sealed. modification for the FS level.
+ 1 if a Goering support is played. • INCREASED STACK RESISTANCE - The event is played when
+ 1 if an Axis armored attack occurred during the preceding the hex occupied by the Ju 52 marker is attacked. The stack of
turn east of the Don, within a 4 hex radius of a unit marked units associated with the support defends with its defense factor
OOS-FS. x2, after modification for the FS level.
+ 2 if the sky is clear. • RATTENKRIEG - The event is played when the hex occupied
- 1 if a Soviet AA Support marker was deployed (maximum by the Ju 52 marker is attacked. If the unit under the support is
of one per turn). attacked, the Axis player rolls 1d6. If the result is 1 – 5, then all
- 1 for each Luftwaffe Support marker on the map. combat results are nullified, and each side incurs a step loss. The
- 2 in Blizzard conditions. marker can only be used for one combat per turn.
• GENERAL HUBE - The Axis player declares this event when the
- 3 if Pitomnik airfield is not controlled by the Axis player.
Soviet player declares an attack against a unit in OOS-FS status.
- 1 for each airfield controlled by the Soviet player:
All attacks against units in OOS-FS status are resolved with the be-
­Morozovka, Tasitskai, Goumrak
nefit of increased Stack Resistance as described above. Once used
- 1 in the event of a successful raid on an airfield. the Ju 52 marker is permanently removed from play.
• EVACUATION - The event is played as soon as it is drawn. The
10.4.1 During the Stalingrad Supply phase, if the FS marker is on Axis player may withdraw 1 reduced infantry division within the
the map and no Axis units in the Stalingrad hexes are in supply, ZOI of the FS marker and place it 2 turns later on the Reinfor-
then the Axis player follows the procedure below. cement track. If the supply level is between 2 and 5 (inclusive),
10.4.2 Procedure. The Axis player rolls 1d6, and then checks the then increase it by 1. Once used the Ju 52 marker is permanently
Air Bridge table. The DRM may not be less than -4 or greater than removed from play.
+2.
The Axis player applies the results from the table in the following RESISTANCE
UNIT
order:
• The first column indicates the change in FS supply level; RATTENKRIEG EVACUATION LAST SUPPLY HUBE
• The # Ju 52s Received column indicates the number of Ju 52
RESISTANCE EXIT 1 STACK SORTIE 2 STACKS
EXIT 2 STACKS
markers to be randomly drawn from the pool. STACK
S
If the Axis player does not control hex 1333 AND hex 1433, then
MOBILITY SUPPORT 1
there is no die roll and the FS supply level automatically drops 2 levels.
See Example #9

Example #9 - Supply Level of Fortress Stalingrad and the Air Bridge

The Axis player declared Fortress Sta- two attacks of at least 1/1 against Fortress modified to 4. The Axis player consults
lingrad on the NOV III turn, when the 6th Stalingrad, thereby automatically lowe- the Air Bridge table. The effect on the FS
Army was totally surrounded and the ring the supply level of FS to nine. The supply level is -1, thus decreasing the
pocket sealed. The Fortress Stalingrad Anti-Aircraft Battery support was placed level to 8. Two Ju 52 markers are received.
Supply marker was placed at level 10 and on the map, and one of the combats was They are selected randomly from the draw
all the Ju 52 markers were put into a draw assisted by VVS support. pool. One Ju 52 confers Mobility, the other
pool. The 6th Army HQ was removed from During the Stalingrad Supply phase of confers increased Stack Resistance. The
play, three alarm 0-0-1 units were taken the NOV IV turn, the Axis player rolls 1d6, markers are placed face down on stacks at
from the supports draw pool and placed modified as follows: risk of being attacked by the Soviet player
into the Axis Available Supports box, and • +1 for the Soviet VVS support deployed during the upcoming turn.
the consequences of a major Soviet suc- on the map The Mobility event is used as a bluff, since
cess were applied. • -1 for the Soviet AA support deployed it serves no other useful purpose at this
The weather is Snow and Clear Skies for • +2 for Clear Skies point of the game. l
the NOV IV turn, The Soviet player made The final DRM is +2. The 1d6 die roll is 2,

16
 STALINGRAD
ROADS

• LAST RESERVES - The event is played during the Axis Combat Example #10 - Combat Against a Unit OOS-FS
phase. A stack of units associated with the marker can attack at full
strength.The FS supply drops an additional level. May not be used
if a Sortie event is played this turn. During the
• SUPPORT - The event is played when the Axis player wants to December I turn
use a support. A PaK 88 or Alert Battalion support can be played the Soviet player
in the FS radius. decides to continue
• MOBILITY - The event is played during the Axis Movement attacking the
phase. Units begining the phase stacked with the Ju 52 marker encircled units in
may move to their full potential. Stalingrad in an
• SORTIE (1 STACK) - The event is played during the Axis Mo- effort to lower supply levels.
vement phase. The Axis player can chose one stack to move and He attacks hex 1232 with
attack at full strength during the Axis turn. No other unit under four adjacent units. He does
a FS-OOS marker can move or attack during this turn. The FS not declare an armored
supply level drops an additional level. Only one Sortie event can attack to avoid taking losses from his mechanized corps. The FS
be played per turn. supply level stands at 8, and so the German units defend at full
• SORTIE (2 STACKS) - The event is played during the Axis Mo- strength. The initial odds are 20/9 or 2/1. However the Axis player
vement phase. The Axis player can chose two stacks to move and turns over the Ju 52 marker, and reveals Stack Resistance. The
attack at full strength during the Axis turn. No other unit under defending units are therefore doubled, and the initial combat
a FS-OOS marker can move or attack during this turn. The FS ratio becomes 20/18 or 1/1. Fortunately for the Soviet player he
supply level drops an additional level. Only one Sortie event can rolls a ‘10,’ resulting in D1/E/DR. The Axis player takes a step
be played per turn. loss on the motorized unit. Since the defender is under OOS-FS
See Example #10 status, the DR is modified to S. The Axis player chooses to take
another step loss and stay in place. l

11 Soviet Offensives
Soviet offensives allow use of the best Support markers, indicated • Either leave the marker in place;
by an O, within the action radius of the Offensive Markers. • Or remove it from the map, and receive it as a reinforcement at
the end of his turn (thus not available for use in the current turn).
11.1 Placement of Offensive Markers (OM) 11.2.3 When an OM is redeployed, all the supports in its Available
11.1.1 The Soviet player starts the game with one Major Offensive Supports box are returned to the draw pool.
Marker and receives 2 Minor Offensive Markers as reinforce-
ments. 11.3 Effects of Offensive Markers
11.1.2 With the exception of the NOV III turn, when the Ma- 11.3.1 Some Soviet Support markers may only be played within
jor OM is not placed and the O Support markers can be placed the action radius of Offensive Markers (Major Offensive Marker =
without restrictions, the OMs must conform to the following 3 hexes; Minor Offensive Marker = 2 hexes; increased by 1 hex if
placement rules: on the Stalingrad side of the marker). These Support markers are
• As long as one Stalingrad hex is controlled by the Axis player, identified by the symbol O.
one of the Offensive Markers MUST be played within a one hex Exception: during the NOV III turn the OMs do not affect place-
radius of Stalingrad. Note: if at least one of the two Stalingrad ment of these Support markers.
hexes contains an Axis unit able to trace supply during the 11.3.2 The action radius of the OMs is not affected by terrain or
Offensive Marker Redeployment and Placement phase, then the enemy units. The radius is calculated from the hex containing
OM deployed must be the Major OM providing the Soviet player the OM (excluded) to the placement hex of the support marker
is able to launch a major offensive (see 11.4). An OM placed in (included).
this manner is turned over to its Stalingrad side, which indicates 11.3.3 The Minor Offensive Markers generate support markers for the
its action radius is increased by one hex. Soviet player as long as they are deployed on the map (see 5.3).
• If the above case does not apply, then the markers must be
placed on hexes as per the following criteria: 11.4 Launching a Major Offensive
- The hex is under the Axis player’s control, 11.4.1 In order to start a Major Offensive, the Soviet player must
- The hex contains either a city, or a village with a rail/rail fulfill the following conditions during his Offensive Marker Place-
or rail/road intersection, or on a hex containing a road/rail ment and Redeployment phase:
crossing of a major river, or a ferry. • At least 10 support markers are available in the STAVKA Available
Supports box, not including Supply Shortage supports;
11.2 Redeployment of Offensive Markers • The Major OM is available in the Major Offensive Available
11.2.1 At the beginning of the OM Placement and Redeployment Supports box.
phase, the Soviet player may choose to remove OMs from the map 11.4.2 If these conditions are met, the Soviet player may decide to
if situated on a hex not containing Axis units. They are placed back launch a major offensive. The Soviet player proceeds as follows:
in the corresponding Available Supports box and can be rede- • Place the Major OM on the map according to the restrictions
ployed immediately. indicated above;
11.2.2 If an OM is located on a hex containing at least one Axis • Reveal all Support markers in the STAVKA Available Supports
unit, the Soviet player may: box and return any Supply Shortage markers to the draw pool.

17
 STALINGRAD
ROADS

• May play available Support markers in the following manner:

- Place all or some of the Support markers available into the 13 STAVKA Phase
Major Offensive Available Supports box; The STAVKA Reserve box represents the Soviet strategic reserve.
- Exchange two supports for one support of his choice from During this phase the Soviet player may solicit the Soviet Chief of
the draw pool (3 chosen supports maximum) and place them Staff to release some of the strategic reserve forces.
in the Major Offensive Available Supports box;
- Use one or more supports to remove units from the 13.1 Soliciting release from the STAVKA
STAVKA Reserve box at an exchange rate of 1 support Strategic Reserve
for 1 unit (one armored unit requires two supports) and Units may enter or be released from the STAVKA Reserve box
immediately place them on or adjacent to a friendly supplied according to the following rules. The Soviet player begins by de-
unit, within the action radius of the major OM. termining which units are released from the STAVKA Reserve box
Note: these units CAN be placed adjacent to enemy units. This before entering new ones.
is not STAVKA release as per 13.1.2, which takes place in the 13.1.1 Release from the STAVKA Reserve box at any time except
STAVKA phase. the beginning of a major offensive.
- No Support markers may remain in the STAVKA Available The Soviet player chooses two of his HQs, and designates one as
Supports box following this process. the Priority Front. He then rolls 1d6 for each, modified by the
Exception: Providing these conditions are met, the Soviet player location of the HQ on the map, and then refers to the RELEASE
MUST start a Major Offensive if Stalingrad is occupied by a supplied FROM THE STAVKA RESERVE table. Before rolling the die, the
Axis unit during this phase (see 11.1.2). Soviet player may add 1 to the d6 roll for each Support marker that
11.4.3 Support markers are not chosen for the STAVKA Available he returns to the draw pool from the STAVKA Available Supports
Supports box during turns when a Major Offensive has been de- box.
clared. Also, the procedure for release from the STAVKA Reserve
box is treated in a different manner during these turns (see 13.1.2).
Number of units which may be RELEASED
See Example #11 Die from the STAVKA Reserve box
1 or less 1
12 Soviet Lost Momentum 2 1
This rule simulates the loss of Soviet momentum at the end of the 3 1
campaign. 4 2
5 2
12.1 Movement of Soviet HQs
6 or more 3
Each time a Soviet HQ moves (voluntarily or not), the Soviet
player places a Supply Shortage Support marker in the draw pool.
The first marker placed in the draw pool is the Test Supply Shor- Die roll modifiers
tage support, with a distinctive white symbol on its flip side. HQ Location Modifiers
On a major city with a railroad +2
12.2 Effect of Supply Shortage Support markers
On a city with a railroad +1
The Supply Shortage markers act to lessen the chance of obtaining
On a railroad, but not in a city 0
effective support markers from the Soviet draw pool. They may
not be used in a generic manner, and do NOT count as one of the On a road -1
10 supports needed in the STAVKA Available Supports box to Other modifier : For each Support marker spent from the STAVKA Available
start a major offensive. They may be kept in the Available Sup- Supports box : +1
ports boxes or returned to the draw pool at the end of the Support
phase, player’s choice. The result obtained is the number of units allowed to leave the
STAVKA Reserve box. The HQ designated as the Priority Front
12.3 Test Supply Shortage Support marker receives one extra unit over and above the result. Armored corps
After drawing all the Support markers for the turn, if the Test count as 2 units. The Soviet player removes the released units from
Supply Shortage Support marker has been drawn from one of the the STAVKA Reserve box and places them on the map such that
Available Supports boxes, the Soviet player proceeds as follows: they are:
• 1. Reveal all Support markers present in the Available Supports • Adjacent to or stacked with the HQ for which the die was
box that contains the Test Supply Shortage marker. rolled;
• 2. Return the Test Supply Shortage Support marker to the draw • Not adjacent to an enemy unit;
pool. • And in supply.
• 3. For each Supply Shortage marker in the relevant Available 13.1.2 Release from the STAVKA Reserve box at the beginning
Supports box the player returns 1 ‘real’ Support marker to the of a major offensive.
draw pool along with the Supply Shortage marker. If a major offensive has been declared during a turn, the procedure
• 4. Then for each Supply Shortage Support marker still is different. The Soviet player may automatically remove 8 units
remaining in the relevant box, the Axis player may place an (armored corps count as 2 units) from the STAVKA Reserve box.
OOS marker on a Soviet stack adjacent to an Axis unit. The Soviet player takes the released units and places them on the
• 5. Return all the remaining Supply Shortage markers in the map such that they are:
Available Supports box to the supports draw pool.

18
 STALINGRAD
ROADS

Exemple #11 - Launching a Major Offensive

On the FEB I turn, the Soviet player has - All supports present in the STAVKA box, and place it on the map adjacent to
9 supports available (including a Supply Available Supports box: 2 * Surprise a friendly supplied unit, within the action
Shortage support) in the STAVKA Available Attack, 3 * Artillery, 1 * Reserves, 3 * Tank radius of the Major Offensive marker.
Supports box, and the Major Offensive Brigade, 1 * VVS and 1 * Supply Shortage This will be useful for the subsequent
marker in the Major Offensive Available are revealed; placement of an Artillery support. Note
Supports box. He has the Maskirovka - The Supply Shortage support is returned that units removed from STAVKA reserve
support and 2 Tank Brigade supports in to the draw pool; by use of a support when initiating a Major
his Minor Offensive A Available Supports - The Soviet player decides to: Offensive may be placed ADJACENT to an
box. At the beginning of the Soviet • Save some supports : 2 * Surprise enemy unit. (this is not STAVKA release as
Offensives phase the Maskirovka support Attack, 2 * Artillery and 3 * Tank Brigade per 13.1.2, which takes place during the
is used to transfer the 2 Tank Brigade are returned to the Major Offensive STAVKA phase).
supports into the STAVKA Available Available Supports box; The 11 supports have all either been used
Supports box. There are now 11 supports • Exchange 2 supports, Artillery and or returned to the draw pool. No support
in the STAVKA Available Supports box and Reserve (returned to the draw pool) for a remains in the STAVKA Support box at the
a Major Offensive can be initiated. Bad Surprise Attack (selected from the draw end of this process. As a reminder, the
news for Axis player! The Soviet player pool). The Surprise Attack support is Soviet player does not roll the die to obtain
proceeds as follows: placed in the Major Offensive Available supports for the STAVKA Reserve box
- The Major Offensive marker is placed Supports box; during the upcoming Support phase. l
on the map on Rostov (per the criteria for • Use the last support, VVS, to remove an
placement); infantry unit from the STAVKA Reserve

• Within the action radius of the Major OM; when they enter the STAVKA Reserve box (either entering the STA-
• Adjacent to a friendly unit present on the map at the start of VKA Reserve box as per 13.1.3 or as rebuilt units).
the STAVKA phase; 13.2.3 Rebuilt Soviet units return to the game in the STAVKA
• Not adjacent to an enemy unit; Reserve box (see 17.3.6).
• In supply
13.1.3 Entering the STAVKA Reserve box
The Soviet player designates two HQs stacked with or adjacent 14 German Superiority and Major
to Soviet units. Depending on the location of the HQ, the ENTE- Soviet Successes
RING THE STAVKA RESERVE BOX table indicates the number Note: In autumn 1942 the Soviet army had suffered a series of
of units allowed to enter the STAVKA Reserve box for each HQ. defeats which had pushed it back to the Volga and the Caucasus
See Example #12 Mountains. The Germans seemed unstoppable, and Soviet soldiers
started to develop an inferiority complex which progressively disap-
peared after the success of Operation Uranus.
Number of units which may ENTER
HQ Location The following rules simulate the evolution of this dynamic.
the STAVKA Reserve box
On a major city with a railroad 3 14.1 German Superiority Effects
On a city with a railroad 2 The following effects apply at the start of the game (see each sce-
On a railroad, but not in a city 2 nario):
On a road 1 • Panzers to the rescue: If the Soviet player attacks a stack
composed solely of German units, and does not obtain an E2 or
E3 result after terrain modification (or use of a Support marker),
13.2 Properties of the STAVKA Reserve box: then the Axis player automatically receives an additional
13.2.1 There is no minimum or maximum limit to the number of tactical R result, which may only be used by a German armored
units which may be present in the STAVKA Reserve box. division.
13.2.2 Reduced Soviet units are automatically returned to full strength • Human waves: If the Soviet player attacks a stack composed

Example #12 - Release from the STAVKA Reserve Box

During the STAVKA phase of the DEC II turn the Soviet player decides to solicit STAVKA for additional units. The Stalingrad HQ is
chosen as the priority headquarters, and as it is located on a road, it suffers a -1 DRM penalty on the Release from the STAVKA
Reserve table. The 1d6 result is 1, subsequently modified to 0. According to the table this allows one unit to leave STAVKA Reserve.
However, since this is the priority HQ, an additional unit is received, for a total of 2. He decides to mobilize the 4th Mech Corps, which
counts as two units, and places it adjacent to the Stalingrad HQ.
The Voronezh HQ is chosen as the second headquarters. It is situated in a city with a railroad, giving it a +1 modifier per the table.
The 1d6 result is 4, modified to 5. According to the table two units may leave STAVKA Reserve, and this time an infantry and a cavalry
division are selected. l

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solely of German units, and does not obtain an E2 or E3 result 15.2 Procedure
after terrain modification (or use of a Support marker), the 15.2.1 Lowering the Führer Approval level:
Soviet player suffers an additional step loss if the CRT indicates During the German Supply phase, the Führer Approval level auto-
at least one attrition step loss for the Soviet. matically drops the following amounts during this phase:
• Overwhelming German attack: If the Axis player attacks with • 1 point if both Stalingrad hexes are occupied by out of supply
only German units, one of which is a Panzer division, he may Axis units and if FS is sealed (NOV III to DEC IV).
benefit from an additional E tactical result, if he did not suffer • 2 points if at least one Stalingrad hex is occupied by a Soviet
an AR result. If the result already contained an exploitation unit (NOV III to DEC IV).
result (E, E2, E3), the level is increased by 1 (E2, E3, E4 • 3 points if both Stalingrad hexes are occupied by Soviet units
respectively). (NOV III to DEC IV).
• Soviet Rout: If the Axis player attacks with only German • 1 point if both Stalingrad hexes are occupied by Soviet units
units, one of which is a Panzer division, he lowers his (JAN I to FEB I).
attritional losses by one if he obtains an E2 or E3 (or E4) after • Following capture of a strategic hex by the Soviet player (see
terrain modification (or use of a Support marker, or by an the Strategic Hex Value table).
Overwhelming German attack). • 1 point following elimination of an Axis HQ.
• Markers: Use the four Active/Inactive markers provided to
track the status of the German Superiority cababilities. Additionally, during the Movement phase, satisfaction drops 1
point each time an Axis HQ moves away from the FS marker
14.2 Major Soviet Successes (counted as the number of hexes) as judged at the end of its move-
14.2.1 The Soviet player earns a major success when: ment (NOV lV to DEC lV). Such movement is not permitted if it
• He captures a major city for the first time (captures both hexes would place the Führer Approval marker in the 0 box.
for Stalingrad). 15.2.2 Raising the Führer Approval level:
• The first time the Axis player declares the FS. • For each attack (including during the Exploitation phase)
14.2.2 For each major success, the Soviet player may immediately where an armored attack is declared and the target hex is
choose a German Superiority effect to render inactive. This is done captured with 3 Soviet step losses (Soviet armor losses count
by turning the chosen effect marker over to its Inactive side. double), then the approval level immediately increases by 1.
14.2.3 On the other hand, the Axis player may reactivate a German • For each attack (including during the Exploitation phase)
Superiority effect of his choice the first time he recaptures a major where an armored attack is declared, if the target hex is captured
city previously captured by the Soviet player. This is done by tur- and is located 4 hexes or less from a unit in OOS-FS status, then
ning the chosen effect marker back over to its Active side. the approval level immediately increases by 1.
14.2.4 Additionally, for each major Soviet success, the Axis player Increase of the approval level due to armored attacks is limited
lowers the Manstein marker one box on the Führer Approval to +1 during the Combat phase, and +1 during the Exploitation
track. phase.
• Following recapture of a strategic hex by the Axis player (per
the Strategic Hex Value table).
15 Führer Approval
Effect on Führer Approval
15.1 General Concepts
15.1.1 Using the Führer Approval track symbolizes Hitler’s level of Strategic Hex Soviet Capture Axis Recapture
satisfaction with the course of events in this theater of operations. Red Star -1 +1
15.1.2 Loss of strategic sites and withdrawal of the German army City -1 +1
cause the Führer Approval level to drop. On the other hand, Major City -2 +2
recapture of these sites as well as an offensive mindset will please
Stalingrad 0 +1
the Führer.
(per hex) (automatic drop
15.1.3 The position of the Führer Approval marker on the Führer
per 15.2.1)
Approval track determines the number of Replacement Points
(RPs) and supports available to the Axis player. The higher the
number on the track, the more the Führer is content and willing to 15.3 Crisis at OKH
make more resources available (Support markers, reinforcements) When the Führer Approval marker reaches the 0 box, a crisis
for the war effort on this front. occurs at OKH (the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) was the
15.1.4 The Manstein marker represents the influence this Field High Command of the German Army) with the following conse-
Marshal had on the campaign, and to some degree counterba- quences:
lances the Führer’s negative effects. • The Axis player rolls 2d6, refers to the OKH Crisis table and
15.1.5 The Führer Approval marker, as well as the Manstein applies the results.
marker, are placed on the Führer Approval track according to the • Turn the Führer Approval marker over as a reminder of this
scenario instructions. event.
• If several OKH crises occur prior to the Supply phase, the dice
are not rerolled and the Manstein marker is lowered one box.

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16 Manstein Marker 16.3.2 Backhand Blow Offensive

Once during the game, starting JAN I, the Axis player may launch
16.1 General Concepts this offensive.
16.1.1 Manstein greatly influenced the progress of operations in The offensive is declared at the beginning of the Axis player’s turn.
this theater. His prestige allowed him to hold his own, to a certain The procedure is as follows:
degree, against Hitler, and his masterful February offensive stabi- • The Manstein marker is placed two turns ahead on the Turn
lized the situation in the entire sector. Record track.
• The Führer Approval marker is placed in box 7 of the Führer
16.2 Manstein Marker Approval track, its current location notwithstanding.
16.2.1 The marker has two sides, used to indicate which offensive • The Axis player may choose 3 support markers from the draw
can be launched. (see 16.3) pool. No other support marker is received this turn. These
16.2.2 The Manstein marker is placed on the Führer Approval supports must be played this turn.
track and serves as a ‘shield’ to prevent its worst effects. As such, Consequences:
no matter where the Approval marker is positioned, the RPs and During the Reinforcements and Replacements phase of the turn
Support markers received cannot be less than what is indicated in when the Manstein marker comes back into play, the Axis player
the box occupied by the Manstein marker. returns all available Support markers to the draw pool. Next, he
16.2.3 Manstein’s prestige can vary during the game, and he may counts all the major city hexes captured by the Axis during these
even be dismissed. His prestige varies as follows: three turns, and then subtracts from this tally the total number of
• When an OKH Crisis occurs (Führer Approval marker in box major cities newly captured and/or recaptured by the Soviet player.
0), the Manstein marker may be moved according to the result Then the following adjustments are made to the Führer Approval
of the crisis. track:
• For each major Soviet success Manstein’s approval level is • If the difference is 2 or more, the Manstein and Führer markers
lowered by one box. are placed in box 7 of the Approval track.
• For each major city (both hexes for Stalingrad) recaptured by • If the difference is 1,the Manstein and Führer markers are
the Axis player for the first time, Manstein’s approval level is placed in box 5 of the Approval track.
increased by one box. • If the difference is 0 or negative, the Manstein marker is
• During each Axis Supply phase when an Axis unit in a withdrawn from the game and the Führer marker is placed in
Stalingrad hex is back in supply, Manstein’s approval level is box 2 of the Approval track.
increased by one box. See Example #13
• Once during the game, if the FS is not sealed at the end of a
Soviet turn, Manstein’s approval level is increased by one box.
• According to the Wintergewitter offensive (see 16.3.1). 17 Reinforcements
• According to the Backhand Blow offensive (see 16.3.2). and Replacements Phase
16.2.4 If the Manstein marker arrives in box 0 at the end of a turn, Reinforcement units arrive as described below. Support markers
he is immediately dismissed, and the Manstein Offensives may not received as reinforcements are placed directly into the draw pool,
happen. The Führer Approval marker is placed in box 3, and may unless otherwise stated.
not move again until the end of the game.
17.1 Soviet Reinforcements
16.3 Manstein Offensives All Soviet reinforcements arrive according to the reinforcement
Twice during the game the Axis player can launch a Manstein schedule, and enter play on a specific hex or in the STAVKA
Offensive: Wintergewitter, then the Backhand Blow. The names of Reserve box.
the offensives are printed on the Manstein marker, which starts off If the Soviet player controls a least one major city (in the case of
with the Wintergewitter face showing. Stalingrad, the two hexes), he may place one reinforcement unit
16.3.1 Wintergewitter Offensive there instead of in the STAVKA Reserve box. No enemy unit may
This offensive may be launched up to the DEC IV turn inclusive if, be adjacent to the city.
at the beginning the Support phase, both of the following condi- Mars reinforcements arrive in the STAVKA Reserve Box.
tions are met:
• The Axis player has two full strength armored divisions (must 17.2 Axis Reinforcements
be complete in the case of a multi-component division), stacked 17.2.1 All Axis reinforcements arrive according to the reinforce-
with or adjacent to a German HQ. ment schedule, following the specific scenario instructions.
• He has at least two Support markers in in his Available 17.2.2 Axis reinforcements can move by rail during the same phase
Supports box. (by using rail movement points).
The Axis player may then launch this offensive signaled by retur- 17.2.3 If the two Stalingrad hexes are controlled by the Soviet player,
ning 2 Support markers from his Available Supports box to the then every reinforcement phase the Axis Player receives a non-elite,
draw pool, and then choosing 2 Support markers from the draw reduced infantry division for free, chosen from the eliminated units
pool. No other support markers are received this turn. These sup- box. If the eliminated units box does not have any such division, then
port markers must be used this turn. The Manstein approval level these reinforcements are not received for this turn.
is advanced one box if before the JAN I turn, the FS is not sealed at 17.2.4 Mars Reinforcements arrive on the west edge of the map.
the end of an Axis turn (can occur only once).

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17.3 Replacement Points 18 Withdrawal and

The Replacement Points (RPs) are used to rebuild destroyed units Upgrading of Units
in the Eliminated Units box, or to bring reduced units up to full
strength. 18.1 Withdrawal of Units
17.3.1 The Soviet player receives RPs, as indicated on the reinforce- 18.1.1 The reinforcement schedule also indicates the turn divisions
ment schedule (2 RPs/turn). are withdrawn. During the Reinforcements and Replacements
17.3.2 The Axis player receives RPs for Axis units (German or phase the player must withdraw from the map the number of
allied) as indicated on the Führer Approval track, except during divisions indicated on the schedule, characterized by their attack
the first turn. factor and type. The withdrawn units are placed in the player’s
17.3.3 Half of the Axis player’s RPs (rounded down) may be used Withdrawn Units box. The attack factor indicated on the player
for allied units (Hungarian, Italian and Romanian). aid card is the minimum attack factor the unit must possess in
17.3.4 RPs may not be accumulated from turn to turn. order to satisfy the withdrawal requirement.
17.3.5 An RP can be used to rebuild an eliminated HQ. 18.1.2 The divisions must be in supply, but may be reduced. For
17.3.6 Reduced non armored units on the map require 1 RP per the Soviet player, the unit may be withdrawn from the STAVKA
step rebuilt. Reserve box. If a player is not able to withdraw the requisite num-
17.3.7 Reduced armored units (or a component of an armored ber of divisions, he loses all further RPs until the end of the game.
division) on the map require 1 RP and 1 support per step rebuilt.
17.3.8 Eliminated Axis non armored divisions require 1 RP to 18.2 Unit Upgrading
rebuild each step loss. 18.2.1 The reinforcement schedule indicates the turn some units
17.3.9 Eliminated Soviet non armored divisions require 1 RP to be are upgraded. The player simply replaces the old unit with the
rebuilt to full strength. new one (having the same historical designation) regardless of the
17.3.10 Eliminated Axis armored units (or a component of an status of the old unit (eliminated, in supply or not). A reduced unit
armored division) require 1 RP and 1 support per step rebuilt. remains reduced after upgrading.
17.3.11 Rather than using a Support marker to rebuild an armored Exception: Soviet infantry divisions upgraded to Guards status may
division or an armored division component step loss (see 17.3.7 be chosen regardless of their historical designation.
and 17.3.10), the Axis player may instead use an armored KG
present on the map. The KG must be in supply and not adjacent
to an enemy unit. It may have one or two steps. The KG (even a 2
step KG) is permanently eliminated.
17.3.12 Eliminated Soviet tank units require 1 RP and 1 support to
be rebuilt to full strength.
17.3.13 Rebuilt eliminated units arrive:
• On or adjacent to a supplied HQ of the same nationality for the
Axis player, not adjacent to an enemy unit;
• In the STAVKA Reserve box for the Soviet player.
17.3.14 Units which are out of supply, outside the control radius of
an HQ or adjacent to an enemy unit may not receive RPs.

Example #13. Führer Approval and Manstein Marker

The game starts on NOV III with the Manstein marker occupies the higher another level to 0, and this precipitates a
Führer Approval marker in box 7 and the numbered box. Therefore this marker is crisis at OKH!
Manstein marker in box 5. During the NOV used to determine the number of supports The Axis player rolls 2d6 and refers to the
III turn the Soviet player captures Kalach to be received, 2 for this turn. OKH Crisis table. The result was a 7, with
(-1 satisfaction) and destroys a Romanian The Axis player decides upon a general the following consequences:
HQ (-1 satisfaction). The Soviet turn ends retreat, and during his movement phase • The Manstein marker is lowered one
with the Approval marker in box 5. At the moves the 4th PzA HQ and Romanian HQ level to box 3. The Approval marker is
start of his turn the Axis player declares away from Stalingrad, thereby lowering turned over and repositioned on level 6.
Fortress Stalingrad, thus eliminating the the approval level by another two points. • The Axis player must perform at
6th Army HQ (-1 satisfaction). He must The Führer Approval is lowered to box 1. least 2 armored attacks before the next
also apply the consequences of a major During the Reinforcements and Reinforcements and Replacements phase
Soviet success and lowers the Manstein Replacements phase, the Manstein in order to advance the Manstein marker
marker to box 4. marker is at the higher level. Therefore 1 space.
During the Axis supply phase satisfaction is this marker serves to determine the • In addition, during his next turn, units
lowered another level since the Stalingrad number of replacement points received, located in cities will not be able to move. l
hexes are occupied by out of supply Axis 1 RP for the current turn.
units and the FS pocket is sealed. The The Soviet player captures the city of
Führer Approval marker is now in box 3. Kotelnikovo during the combat phase of
During the Axis Support phase the the NOV IV turn. The Approval level falls

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Scenarios
Introduction I. Introductory Scenario:
Each scenario is described in the same way and contains the fol- Wintergewitter
lowing information: All the elements for the scenario are on the two corresponding
• Map: specifies whether the whole map is to be used, or just the player aids. This scenario does not require use of the main map
introductory scenario Wintergewitter map. and only part of the rules are used.
• Duration: specifies the length of the scenario, expressed in game This is the ideal scenario to become familiar with the ‘Roads’
turns. system.
• Weather: specifies the weather for the first turn.
• Setup: refers to the appropriate setup player aids for the scenario.
• Reinforcements: refers to the appropriate reinforcement player II. Scenario:
aids for the scenario. Directions on how to enter the game are Operation Uranus
given for each counter as follows: This scenario covers the whole of Operation Uranus, launched by
- (Hex) xxxx: indicates placement of the reinforcements in the the Soviets with the aim of encircling Stalingrad.
designated hex It is the ideal scenario to familiarize yourself with the rules specific
- (Hexes) xxxx to yyyy: indicates placement of the to this game. Players are strongly recommended to play this scena-
reinforcements in one or several of the designated hexes rio at least once, before going on to play the whole campaign.
If all the arrival hexes for reinforcements are occupied by enemy • Map: the scenario is played east of row xx22 inclusive.
units, the reinforcements are immediately eliminated. • Duration: 3 turns, from NOV III to DEC I inclusive.
- STAVKA: indicates placement of the reinforcements in the • Weather: automatically Snow and Blizzard on turn NOV III
STAVKA Reserve box. • Setup: see the ‘Campaign game: On the Brink of Disaster’ player
- Operation Mars: indicates entrance of the reinforcements aids. Only those units whose placement hex is not in red are used
determined by the position of the marker on the Operation for this game. When playing the Operation Uranus scenario refer
Mars player aid. These reinforcements are placed in the to the Campaign Setup player aid, but only use those units with
STAVKA Reserve box for the Soviet player, and on the west edge a placement hex in black. (NB: the Italian 8th Army HQ has two
of the map for the Axis player. setup hexes, dependent on the scenario).
- Upgrade: replace the first unit with the second one. The game markers are set up as follows:
See chapter 18. - Weather marker: Snow
- Withdrawal: Designates units to be withdrawn, identified by - Cloud Cover marker: Blizzard
the listed combat factors and type. Players wishing to follow the - River Status marker: Not Frozen
historical order of battle may select the actual historical units as - German Superiority markers: all on their Active side, on the
displayed on the player aid. Axis player aid.
Certain reinforcements do not arrive on a set turn; their arrival - VP and VP*10 markers: on space 0 of the General track
depends on how the game is progressing (conditional reinforce- - Soviet Minor Offensive A marker: on space NOV IV of the
ments). How they arrive is laid out on the appropriate player aid. Turn Record track (Stalingrad side visible)
Note: supports arriving as a reinforcement do arrive during the Rein- • Reinforcements: see the Operation Uranus Reinforcements
forcements and Replacements phase, and not in the Support phase. player aid
Unless stated otherwise, they are placed in their normal draw pool. • Special rules:
• Special rules: Special Rules are specific to each scenario and - The rules in sections 6, 12, 15 and 16 can be ignored for this
apply to that scenario only. Players are recommended to read them scenario. Since the effects of the ‘OKH Discord’ and ‘Stalin’ sup-
closely, because they may differ from the standard rules. port markers cannot be applied, they are considered to be without
• Victory conditions: These specify how players win the game effect.
(mainly through capturing strategically important hexes). - First major Soviet offensive:
• Victory levels: Indicate the level of victory obtained by the • The Soviet player must start the game by launching a Major
winner. Offensive.
Note: the scenarios are set out in the order they should be played, in • The dice are not rolled to obtain supports. The Soviet player
order to assimilate all the rules as well as possible. chooses 10 supports from the pool, 4 of which must be artillery
or Katyushas.
• On the first turn, the Major Offensive marker is not placed on
the map. Therefore the supports may be placed regardless of the
location of the Offensive Marker.
• All supports chosen that are marked O must be played on the
first turn.
• All of the artillery and Katyusha supports must be used, in
equal number, north of row 15xx inclusive, and south of this
row. In case of an odd number, the extra support is used north
of this row.

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- At the start of the game, the Axis player selects 4 supports from • Victory levels
those available and places them in the Available Supports box. - Soviet Major Victory: + 6 VPs or more
He draws 2 supports at random on turns NOV III, NOV IV and - Soviet Minor Victory: +2 VPs to + 5 VPs
DEC I. - Axis Minor Victory; -2 to -5 VPs
- Soviet HQs may not move in this scenario. - Draw: -1 to +1 VP
- During the Offensive Marker placement phase of the NOV
IV turn, the Soviet player places his Minor Offensive marker A,
displaying its Stalingrad side, on or adjacent to one of the two III. The Full Campaign:
Stalingrad hexes. For this scenario he will receive supports for the On the Brink of Disaster
Minor Offensive A and the STAVKA Supports boxes. This is the full campaign, from Operation Uranus to Manstein’s
- The Axis player does not receive any rail points for this scenario. counterattack. It is recommended that both players have played
They are all used automatically to allow reinforcements to arrive. the Operation Uranus scenario several times before embarking on
- the Italian HQ cannot move during this scenario. the campaign game.
- There are no replacements for either side and no STAVKA phase
during NOV III turn. There are no RP for Axis player in this scenario. • Map: the whole map.
- No movement is allowed within the boundaries of 28th Army • Duration: 17 turns, from NOV III to MAR IV.
zone as drawn on the map. However, supply lines may be traced • Weather: automatically Snow and Blizzard on turn NOV III; the
across this zone if necessary. waterways are not frozen.
- Hexes 1335 and 1435: The outline of these two hexes simulates • Setup: see the player aid for Campaign Game: On the Brink of
the last Soviet positions in Stalingrad. Soviet units in these hexes Disaster.
conform to the following rules: • The game markers are set up as follows:
• They are considered as being in the city of Stalingrad, and the - Weather marker: Snow
river has no impact on either attack or defense. - Cloud cover marker: Blizzard
• As long as either hex 1334 or 1434 is occupied by Axis units - River Status marker: Not Frozen
they may not move, and no Soviet armored unit may finish its - Manstein marker: on space 5 of the Führer Approval track,
movement there. Wintergewitter side visible.
• Units in these hexes may not have Support markers attached - Führer Approval marker: on space 7 of the Führer Approval
to them. track.
- Operation Mars marker: on the Status Quo space.
• Victory conditions: - German Superiority markers: all with their Active side visible
Supply for all units is tested at the end of the game. on the Axis player aid.
- The Soviet player wins a decisive victory the moment he captures - Rail Points marker: on space 2 of the General track.
one of the Stalingrad hexes (1334 or 1434). - VP and VP*10 markers: on space 0 of the General track.
- The Axis player wins a decisive victory if he has not declared Soviet Minor Offensive A marker: on space NOV IV of the
Fortress Stalingrad by the end of the game and if he still possesses Turn Record track (Stalingrad side visible)
Stalingrad, with one unit in the city able to trace a supply line.
- If neither player wins a decisive victory, the Soviet player wins • Special Rules:
and loses victory points (VPs) as outlined below: - Turn 1 (NOV III)
• If the Axis player does not have an in-supply unit in Stalingrad • First major Soviet offensive:
at the end of his turn, and if the FS pocket is sealed: +1 VP per - The Soviet player must start the game by launching a Major
turn Offensive.
• If the FS pocket is not sealed at the end of a Soviet turn: -5 VPs - The dice are not rolled to obtain supports. The Soviet player
per turn chooses 10 supports from the pool, 4 of which must be
• If the FS pocket is not sealed at the end of an Axis turn: -1 VP artillery or Katyushas.
per turn - On the first turn, the Major Offensive marker is not placed
• For each of the following hexes occupied by a Soviet in- on the map. This means the supports may be placed regardless
supply unit: Pitomnik (1333), Goumrak (1433), Niezne (1129), of the location of the Offensive marker.
Bokovskaia (1624): +2 VPs (+1 VP if the unit in the hex is OOS) - All supports marked O that have been chosen must be
• For each of the following hexes occupied by a Soviet in-supply played on the first turn.
unit: Morozovsk (1125), Talsiskaia (1023), Kotelnieskovo (0729): - All of the artillery and Katyusha supports must be used, in
+5 VPs (+3 VPs if the unit in the hex is OOS) equal number, north of row 15xx inclusive, and south of this
• For any hex (other than those described above) to the west row. In case of an odd number, the extra support is used north
or south of the River Chir and occupied by an in-supply Soviet of this row.
unit: +1 VP • At the start of the game, the Axis player selects 4 supports
• For each hex between the Chir and the Don occupied by an from those available and places them in his Available Supports
in-supply Axis unit: -1 VP box.
• For each supply level of Fortress Stalingrad: - 1 VP • No unit located west of row xx22 may move during the NOV
• For each support present in the STAVKA Available Supports III turn, German reinforcements excepted.
box at the end of the game: +1 VP (max +6 VPs) • There are no replacements for either side and no STAVKA
The total of VPs won determines the victory levels. phase during NOV III turn.

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- Other Special Rules: The victory level is determined by the total number of victory
• The Soviet player receives 2 replacement points per turn from points earned.
NOV IV to the end of the game.
• The Axis player has 2 rail points on turn NOV III, and • Victory Levels
thereafter 4 rail points per turn for the rest of the game. - Soviet Strategic victory: 21 VPs or more
• During the Offensive Marker placement phase of the NOV - Soviet Operational victory: + 15 VPs to +20 VPs
IV turn, the Soviet player places his Minor Offensive A marker, - Soviet Minor victory: + 10 to +14 VPs (historical: Rostov: 5VPs,
with its Stalingrad side visible, on or adjacent to one of the two Stalingrad: 5 VPs)
Stalingrad hexes. - Draw: + 8 to +9 VPs
• No movement is allowed within the boundaries of 28th Army - Axis Minor victory: + 7 VPs
zone as drawn on the map. However, supply lines may be traced - Axis Operational Victory: + 6 VPs
across this zone if necessary. Units located in this zone arrive as - Axis Strategic victory: + 5 VPs or less
reinforcements during the specified turn on the player aid.
• The Axis player may not end movement on row 00xx.
• Hexes 1335 and 1435: The outline of these two hexes simulates IV. Scenario:
the last Soviet positions in Stalingrad. Soviet units in these hexes Backhand Blow
conform to the following rules: This scenario allows players to simulate Manstein’s famous
- They are considered as being in the city of Stalingrad, and ‘backhand blow’, which allowed the front to be reestablished and
the river has no impact on either attack or defense. which was only stopped by the arrival of the mud.
- As long as either hex 1334 or 1434 is occupied by Axis units
the Soviet units may not move, and no Soviet armored unit • Map: the scenario is played west of row xx20 inclusive.
may finish its movement there. • Duration: 5 turns, from FEB III to MAR III inclusive.
- Units in these hexes may not have Support markers attached • Weather: automatically snow on turn FEB III. Roll 2d6 for the
to them. cloud cover. Major and minor rivers are frozen.
• Starting with the FEB II turn, if the Soviet player controls both • Setup: see the Backhand Blow player aids.
Stalingrad hexes, he must withdraw the following divisions • The game markers are set up as follows:
at full or reduced strength during his Reinforcements and - Weather marker: Snow
Replacements phase: - Cloud Cover marker: dependant on die roll.
- 9x 3-4-2/2-2-2 (historical: 13G, 15G, 27G, 36G, 39G, 51G, - River Status marker: major rivers frozen
52G, 66G, 67G) - Manstein marker: on space 1 of the Führer Approval track,
- 28x 2-3-2/1-1-2 (historical: 23, 24, 29, 38, 45, 49, 64, 84, 95, Backhand Blow side visible.
96, 99, 116, 120, 138, 173, 204, 214, 226, 233, 252, 260, 273, - Führer Approval marker: on space 2 of the Führer Approval
284, 298, 299, 343, 422, 7SK) track.
The Soviet player loses victory points if he withdraws these units - German Superiority markers: one marker only on its Active
after FEB II. side (chosen by the Soviet player) on the Axis player aid. The
Note: HQ Transcaucasus counter had been included to give the three remaining markers are on their Inactive side.
Soviet a chance to maneuver south if HQ Stalingrad was completely - Rail Points marker: on space 4 of the General track.
blocked at the pocket. In fact, we never used it in the tests (the Trans
HQ was never moved to avoid supply shortages). If players want to • Special Rules:
use it, they can have it arrive as reinforcement in JAN IV in 0022. - The game starts on the FEB III German turn, the Soviet turn
• Victory conditions: having already taken place.
- The Soviet player wins a decisive victory if he controls both Stalin- - All the game’s rules apply, with the exception of those for Opera-
grad hexes and the major city of Rostov at the end of the DEC IV turn. tion Mars.
- The Axis player wins a decisive victory if he has a supplied unit - The Soviet player receives 2 replacement points per turn, starting
in Stalingrad and if he has not lost any major city by the end of on the FEB IV turn.
DEC IV turn. - The Axis player has 4 rail points per turn.
- If neither player has achieved a decisive victory by the end of the - The Axis player rolls 2d6 to determine the cloud cover and declares
scenario, the Soviet player gains and loses victory points (VPs) the Backhand Blow offensive, as described in the rules (16.3.2).
according to the following conditions: - Before starting the game, the Soviet player draws 2 supports at
• + 5 VP for each major city controlled (both hexes for random and places 1 in the Major Offensive Available Supports
Stalingrad). box, and one in the STAVKA Available Supports box. If a ‘Stalin’
• + 3 VP for each major city controlled by the Axis player and or a ‘Test Supply Shortage’ support should be drawn, return it to
which is out of supply. the draw pool and redraw.
• + 2 VP for each hex containing a supplied unit: 1701, 1901,
2301, 2601, 0001, 0201, 0401, 0501, 0701. • Victory conditions and victory levels:
• + 4 VP for each hex containing a supplied unit: 0801, 0901, - The Soviet player wins a Decisive victory if by the end of the
1101, 1301, 1401. game he has not lost a major city, or at the moment he captures a
• +1 VP if a supplied unit is in the Dnieper bend. new major city without having lost any major cities.
• +3 VP if Manstein has been dismissed. - The Axis player wins a Decisive victory if he has recaptured 2
• -5 VP per turn after FEB II if Stalingrad is not entirely major cities from the Soviet player, or 1 major city and 4 or more
controlled by the Soviet player. cities.

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 STALINGRAD
ROADS

- The Axis player wins a Marginal victory if he has recaptured 1 • Special Rules:
major city and 3 cities from the Soviet player. - All the game’s rules apply, with the exception of those for Opera-
- The game is drawn if the Axis player has recaptured 1 major city tion Mars.
and 2 cities from the Soviet player. - The Soviet player receives 2 replacement points per turn.
- The Soviet player wins a Marginal victory if the Axis player has - The Axis player has 4 rail points per turn.
only recaptured 1 major city and less than 2 cities. - Before starting the game the Soviet player takes the Stalin, Axis
Cities initially controlled by the Axis player that are subsequently Surrender, Supply Shortage and Test Supply Shortage supports
captured by the Soviet player are deducted from the final count. out of the draw pool; then he chooses 4 of the remaining supports
For example: The Axis player has captured Kharkov, Lozovaia, and places them in the STAVKA Available Supports box. Next
Barvenkovo, Oboyan and Bielgorod, but he has lost Voroshilovsk. he draws 6 supports at random that he places in the STAVKA
This gives a final count of 1 major city and 3 cities, and therefore a Available Supports box, and 3 supports that he places in the Minor
Marginal victory for the Axis. Offensive B Supports box. Finally, he takes the supports he had
previously removed (Stalin, Axis Surrender etc.) and puts them
back in his draw pool.
V. Scenario: - The Axis player starts with 2 supports drawn at random from his
Star and Gallop Available Supports box.
This scenario starts on the turn Stalingrad has fallen. Once again - During his Offensive phase, the Soviet player places his two Of-
both adversaries find themselves on the edge of the abyss, with the fensive markers according to the rules and the following point:
Soviet player forcing his exhausted units on against an opponent - The Major Offensive marker must be placed west of the Donetz.
who is in equally dire straits.
• Victory conditions and victory levels:
•Map: the scenario is played on the west of the map, up to row At the end of the game, the Soviet player counts the number of
xx25 inclusive. Major Cities he controls (other than Stalingrad), or which are
• Duration: 7 turns, from FEB I occupied by an OOS Axis unit:
to MAR III - 0 major cities: Major Axis victory
• Weather: automatically Snow on turn FEB I. Roll 2d6 for cloud - 1 major city: Minor Axis victory
cover. Major and minor rivers are frozen. - 2 major cities: Minor Soviet victory
• Setup: see the Star and Gallop player aids. - 3 major cities or more: Major Soviet victory
• The game markers below are set up as follows:
- Weather marker: Snow
- Cloud Cover marker: dependent on the 2d6 roll.
- River Status marker: major rivers frozen
- Manstein marker: on space 3 of the Führer Approval track.
- Hitler Approval marker: on space 5 of the Führer Approval
track.
- German Superiority markers: 2 on their Active sides and 2 on
their Inactive sides, the Soviet player to choose.
Note: to simplify things, the effects of the fall of Stalingrad have
already been taken into account.
- Rail Points marker: on space 4 of the General track.

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 STALINGRAD
ROADS

1 Definition of Game Terms............................02 8.12 Retreat after Combat ...............................................................10

1.1 The Units........................................................................................ 02 8.13 Advance after Combat...............................................................11
1.2 Command Radius (CR).............................................................. 02 8.14 Placement of Exploitation Markers......................................11
1.3 Step Losses................................................................................... 03 8.15 German Kampfgruppen.......................................................... 12
1.4 Game Markers.............................................................................. 03
1.5 Supports........................................................................................ 03 9 Exploitation Phase.......................................12
1.6 Offensive Markers (OM)............................................................ 03 9.1 General Concepts......................................................................... 12
1.7 Nationality.................................................................................... 03 9.2 Exploitation Movement............................................................ 13
1.8 Terrain............................................................................................04 9.3 Exploitation Combat.................................................................. 13
1.9 Rounding Rules...........................................................................04
10 Fortress Stalingrad Supply Phase............13
1.10 Hex Control................................................................................04
10.1 Placement of the FS Marker.................................................... 13
1.11 Stacking........................................................................................04
10.2 Effects of the FS Marker.......................................................... 14
2 Game Sequence............................................04 10.3 Supply Level of FS.................................................................... 15
10.4 Air Bridge..................................................................................... 15
3 Weather Phase..............................................04
3.1 Determine Weather Conditions..............................................04 11 Soviet Offensives Phase..............................17
3.2 Types of Weather.......................................................................04 11.1 Placement of Offensive Markers (OM).................................. 17
3.3 Types of Cloud Cover................................................................ 05 11.2 Redeployment of Offensive Markers.................................... 17
3.4 Frozen Rivers.............................................................................. 05 11.3 Effects of Offensive Markers................................................... 17
3.5 Weather Table............................................................................. 05 11.4 Launching a Major Offensive.................................................. 17

4 Supply Phase................................................05 12 Soviet Lost Momentum............................. 18

4.1 HQ Supply.................................................................................... 05 12.1 Movement of Soviet HQs......................................................... 18
4.2 Supply Sources........................................................................... 05 12.2 Effect of Supply Shortage Support Markers....................... 18
4.3 Unit Supply.................................................................................. 05 12.3 Test Supply Shortage Support Marker................................ 18
4.4 Out of Supply Effects................................................................06
13 STAVKA Phase............................................. 18
4.5 Supply Shortage.........................................................................06
13.1 Soliciting Release from the STAVKA Strategic Reserve... 18
5 Supports Phase............................................ 06 13.2 Properties of the STAVKA Reserve Box:.............................. 19
5.1 General Concepts........................................................................06
14 German Superiority and
5.2 Return of Support Markers to the Draw Pool.....................06
Major Soviet Successes.................................. 19
5.3 Acquisition of Soviet Support Markers................................06
14.1 German Superiority Effects..................................................... 19
5.4 Acquisition of German Support Markers............................. 07
14.2 Major Soviet Successes.......................................................... 20
5.5 Placement and Use of the Support Markers....................... 07
15 Führer Approval.........................................20
6 Operation Mars Progress Phase................07 15.1 General Concepts...................................................................... 20
6.1 General Concepts....................................................................... 07
15.2 Procedure.................................................................................... 20
15.3 Crisis at OKH.............................................................................. 20
7 Movement Phase......................................... 08
7.1 General Concepts........................................................................08
16 Manstein marker.........................................21
7.2 Strategic Movement...................................................................08
16.1 General Concepts....................................................................... 21
7.3 Rail Movement (Axis player only)..........................................08
16.2 Manstein Marker....................................................................... 21
7.4 River Crossing .............................................................................09
16.3 Manstein Offensives................................................................. 21
8 Combat Phase.............................................. 09 17 Reinforcements
8.1 General Concepts.......................................................................09
and Replacements Phase................................21
8.2 Combat Sequence......................................................................09
17.1 Soviet Reinforcements............................................................. 21
8.3 Designate Attack........................................................................09
17.2 Axis Reinforcements................................................................. 21
8.4 Defender Supply Check...........................................................09
17.3 Replacement Points.................................................................. 21
8.5 Calculate the Combat Odds.....................................................09
8.6 Elite Units, Armored Attack.....................................................10 18 Withdrawal and
8.7 Combat Resolution.....................................................................10 Upgrading of Units........................................... 22
8.8 Application of Attrition Results..............................................10 18.1 Withdrawal of Units..................................................................22
8.9 Check for German Superiority................................................10 18.2 Unit Upgrading...........................................................................22
8.10 Application of Tactical Results..............................................10
8.11 Axis Allied Units in Defense....................................................10 Scenarios........................................................... 23

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 OFFENSIVE
ROADS
H

COMBAT RESOLUTION TABLE

RATIO 1/2 RATIO 1/1 RATIO 2/1 RATIO 3/1 RATIO 4/1 RATIO 5/1 RATIO 6/1
2D6 losses A D losses A D losses A D losses A D losses A D losses A D losses A D 2D6

2 A3 AR R A2 AR R A2D1 AR F A1 - R A1 - R - - R A1D1 E DR2 2

3 A2 AR R A2D1 AR F A1 AR - A1 - R - - S A1D1 - S A1D1 D1 DR2 3
4 A2D1 AR Eng A1 AR R A1 AR R - Eng - A1D1 Eng F A1D1 D1 Eng D1 E DR2 4
5 A1 - Eng A1 Eng - - Eng F A1D1 - R A1D1 D1 S D1 E DR D1 E DR2 5
6 A1 AR R A1 AR R A1D1 - R A1D1 D1 F D1 E DR D1 E DR A1D2 E DR2 6
7 A1 - - - Eng - A1D1 - S D1 E DR D1 E DR D2 E DR2 D2 E2 DR3 7
8 A1 - - A1D1 - F D1 E S D1 E DR A1D2 E DR2 A1D2 E2 DR2 D2 E2 Eng 8
9 A1D1 - F A1D1 - - D1 D1 DR A1D2 E DR2 A1D2 E DR2 D2 E2 DR3 D2 E2 DR3 9
10 A1D1 E Eng D1 E DR A1D2 E DR2 A1D2 E DR2 D2 E2 DR3 D2 E2 DR2 A1D3 E3 DR3 10
11 D1 E DR A1D2 E DR2 A1D2 E DR2 D2 E2 DR3 D2 E2 DR3 A1D3 Eng DR3 D3 Eng DR3 11
12 A1D2 E DR2 A1D2 E DR2 D2 E2 DR3 D2 E2 DR3 A1D3 E3 DR3 D3 E3 DR3 D4 E3 DR3 12

• AR : attacker’s units retreat one hex or suffer 2 losses. is located within 2 hexes of the defending hex. The selected unit may move up
• E, E2, E3 : 1, 2 or 3 of the attacker’s units may be placed in Exploitation (an to half its normal movement factor. This unit can end its movement adjacent to
armored division is worth ½ unit if an armored attack has been declared by an enemy unit, but not in the attacked hex.
the attacker).
• D1 : defender suffers one more loss. Reminders :
• Eng : attacker must re-roll the dice in the same column and apply only attri- • Defender’s supply is checked before combat.
tion results a second time for both sides, even if one side has been completely • No tactical results for attacker in Exploitation phase.
eliminated due to attrition results. • Don’t forget German Superiority rules.
• DR, DR2, DR3 : defender’s unit(s) retreat 1, 2 or 3 hexes. • If an armored attack is declared during combat, and if all the components of
• S : defender remains in place and suffers an additional loss or retreats one hex. an armored division present on the map take part in the attack, then those
• F : defender remains in place or retreats one hex and suffers 1 loss less. combined components of the division only count as half a unit in Exploitation.
• R : defender may move one unit that is not adjacent to an enemy unit and that

S - Snow RF - major rivers frozen S/RF - Snow, and major OS - Overcast Sky
M - Mud S/rf - Snow, and minor rivers frozen Bz - Blizzard
rf - minor rivers frozen rivers frozen CS - Clear Sky
WEATHER TABLE

2d6 NOV IV DEC I DEC II DEC III DEC IV FEB IV MAR I MAR II MAR III
to FEB III
2 S - CS S - CS S - CS Srf - CS S/RF - CS S/rf - CS S - CS S - CS S - CS
3 S - CS S/rf– CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/RF - CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/rf– CS S - CS
4 S - CS S/rf– CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/RF - CS S/RF – CS S/RF – CS S/rf– CS S - CS
5 S - CS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS S - OS S - OS S - CS
6 S - OS S - CS S - CS Srf - CS S/RF - CS S/rf - CS S - CS S - CS M - CS
7 S - OS S - OS S/rf– OS S/RF - OS S/RF - OS S/RF – OS S/rf– OS M - OS M - OS
8 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS S - OS M - OS M - OS
9 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS S/rf - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS
10 S - Bz S - Bz S - Bz Srf - Bz S/RF - Bz S/rf - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz
11 S - OS S - OS S - OS Srf - OS S/RF - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS M - OS
12 S - Bz S - Bz S - Bz Srf - Bz S/RF - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz M - Bz

CREDITS
Designer: Nicolas Rident Project manager: Florent Coupeau
Illustrator: Olivier Revenu Playtesting: Raynald Foret, Mark Mazer,
Graphists: Olivier Revenu, Angie Caradec, Julia Brétéché Jérôme ­Lefrancq, Joël Maynard
Translators: Angus Clarke, Mark Mazer Historical researches: Joël Maynard
Proofreaders: Hans Korting, Mark Greenwald

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