Magazine 02

ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}up
tpop 02
ntspaPL
2018/2020 tpNrl fy;tpg; gpupT
(ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}up)
Nghrfu;
K. Gz;zpa%u;j;jp
(President)
MNyhrfu;fs;
A. ghW}f;
(VP- Academic & Quality Assurance)
M.I. [/gu;
(VP- Continuing Education)
M.H. kpd;tu;
(VP - Admin & Finance)
gjpg;ghrpupau;
A. esPk;
(Lecturer - Special Education)
Magazine committee Members
Mrpr;nra;jp
tpNrlkhd Mw;wy; cs;stu;fSk; tpNrl FiwghLfs;
cs;stu;fSk; tpNrl NjitAilatu;fshff; fUjg;gLtu;. mjhtJ
cly;> csf; FiwghLilatu;fs;> kdntOr;rp>elj;ijg;
gpur;rpidAilatu;fs;> ePz;l fhy Neha;fshy; gPbf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
Rfhjhuf; FiwghLilatu;fs;> nky;yf; fw;Nghu;> kPj;jpwDilNahu;
Nghd;Nwhu; tpNrl NjitAilatu;fshff; fUjg;gLtu;. tpNrl
Njitf; fy;tp vd;gJ khztu;fspd; jdpg;gl;l NtWghLfs;>
FiwghLfs;>kw;Wk; rpwg;Gj; Njitfis eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy;
trjpfis toq;Fk; fy;tp tpNrl Njitf; fy;tpahFk;. me;j
tifapy; ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}upapd; tpNrl
fy;tpg; ghlnewp khztu;fshy; ntspaplg;gLk; ,yj;jpudpay;
rQ;rpiff;fhd MrpAiu toq;Ftjpy; ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpNwd;.
“khw;W tpop” vd;Dk; ,r; rQ;rpifapd; cs;slf;fk; kpfTk;
fdjpahdJk; fhj;jpukhdJkhFk;.
rl;lj;juzp fp.Gz;zpa%u;j;jp cs;ehl;bYk; ru;tNjr uPjpahfTk; tpNrl fy;tpapd; gupzhk

gPlhjpgjp tsur;rp kw;Wk; mjd; etPdNghf;F> mjd; mtrpak; vd;gdNghd;w
(ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa tpupthd fl;Liufs; ,jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd mJjtpu tpNrl
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up) NjitAila khztu;fspd; ,ay;Gfs; mtu;fspd; fw;wy; njhlu;ghd
<LghLfs; mtu;fSf;fhd gupfhuq;fs; vdg; gy;tifiknfhz;l
Mf;fq;fisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;ljhf ,e;jr; rQ;rpif
tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; gq;Fgw;wpa Mrpupa khztu;fSf;Fk;
mjid newpg;gLj;jpa nghWg;G tpupTiuahsu; jpU. mG+gf;fu; esPk;
mtu;fSf;Fk; vdJ kdg;G+u;tkhd tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ed;wpfisAk;
njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;;. cq;fs; gzp njhlu;e;Jk; rpwf;f vdJ
Mrpfs; cq;fSf;Fj; njhlu;e;jpUf;Fk;.
khw;Wtpop- 02 i
Mrpr;nra;jp
cz;ikapNyNa ,r;rQ;rpifapd; Mf;fq;fs; fhj;jpukhdit

tpNrlfy;tp MrpupaUf;F khj;jpuky;y Vida MrpupaHfSf;Fk;>
nghJthrfHfSf;Fk; Jizahf mikAk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj
re;NjfKkpy;iy. tpNrlfy;tp vd;gij xUGwk; nghJg;ghHitapYk;
kWGwk; rkafz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk; tpsf;fpapUg;gJ rQ;rpifapd;
rpwg;gk;rkhFk; fhyj;jpd; fz;zhb ftpijnad;ghHfs;>kf;fspd;
tho;f;ifg; gjpNtLk; ftpijnad;ghHfs; mjw;Nfw;g ,r;rQ;rpifapd;
ftpijfs; mike;jpUg;gJk; nkd;NkYk; thrpf;fj;J}z;Lfpd;wJ
xUgf;fk; ghlE}yhfTk; kWGwk; ftpij njhFg;ghfTk;
mike;jpUg;gJ ,r;rrQ;rpifapd; jdpj;JtkhFk; ,r;rQ;rpif
njhluhf ntsptu tho;j;JfpNwd;.
V.gh&f;
cg gPlhjpgjp
(fy;tpAk; juNkk;ghLk;)
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up
khw;Wtpop- 02 ii
Mrpr;nra;jp
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa fy;tpay; fy;Y}upapy; tpNrl fy;tp fw;if
newpapid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; 2018/20 gapw;rp Mrpupau; njhFjpapduhy;
vOjg;gl;L ntspaplg;gl ,Uf;Fk; fl;Liuj; njhFg;G E}Yf;F
Mrpr;nra;jp toq;Ftjpy; ngUkpjk; milfpNwd;.
vkJ ehl;by; mz;ikf;fhykhf tpNrl fy;tp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw
Muk;gpj;Js;sJ fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; ehl;bYs;s xt;nthU fy;tp
tyaq;fspYk; tpNrl Njitaila khztu;fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;L
ghlrhiyfspy; fw;wy; nraw;ghL Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ
cl;gLj;jy; fy;tp Kiwapd; fPo; (Inclusive educa-
tion),d;W midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; ,j; Jiw ngUk;
nry;thf;if ngw;W tUfpwJ.
,jid Nkw;nfhs;s gapw;wg;gl;l Mrpupau;fs; ,y;yhj Fiw
fhzg;gl;l epiyapy; mjid eptu;j;jp nra;a ehl;bYs;s rpy fy;tpf;
fy;Y}upfspy; ,g; gapw;rp fw;if newpapid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F fy;tp
mikr;R Vw;ghLfis nra;Js;sJ.
me;j tifapy; ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpaf; fy;tpf; fy;Y}upapy; 2000
Mz;lstpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; rpy trjp <dq;fs;
fhzg;gl;l epiyapy; mz;ikapy; ,f;fy;Y}upf;F tpupTiuahsuhf
vk;.I. [/gu;
epakpf;fg;gl;l V.esPk; mtu;fspd; tUifapdhy; ,j;Jiw kpf
cg gPlhjpgjp
rpwg;ghf Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;LtUfpwJ. ,tu; ,f;fw;ifnewp
(njhlUW fy;tp)
njhlu;ghd tpN\l gapw;rpia ngw;wtu; vd;gJ ,q;F
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mtuJ topfhl;lypy; fPo; jw;NghJ
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up
fl;LUg;gapw;rpapy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; Mrpupag; gapYdufspdhy;
vOjg;gl;l fl;Liufs; njhFg;G E}y; tpNrl NjitAila
khztu;fSila fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; El;gq;fisAk; mJnjhlu;ghd
jfty;fisAk; mUikahd Kiwapy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,g;gzpapid Nkw;nfhz;l Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; mjid rpwg;ghf
topelhj;jpa tpupTiuahsu; V.K`k;kJ esPk; mtu;fSf;Fk;
vdJ tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ghuhl;ilAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
khw;Wtpop- 02 iii
Mrpr;nra;jp
,yq;ifg; gpui[ xt;nthUtUf;Fk; rk fy;tp tha;g;Gk;
cau;fy;tp tiu ,ytrf; fy;tpiag; ngWk; cupikak; cz;L.
tpN\l Njitaila khztu; fy;tpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy;>
fpwp];Jf;FKd;du; 3Mk; E}w;whz;by; Ml;rp nra;j mNrhf
rf;futu;jj; p kd;du; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj mtu;fSf;fhd jdpahd gpupT
xd;wpd; NjitAzug;gl;L epWtg;gl;L fy;tp Nghjpf; fg;gl;l kpf
ePz;l tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;lJ. me;jtifapy; tpN\l NjitAila
khztu;fspd; fy;tpf;fhf khfhz kw;Wk; kj;jpa mikr;rpy;
jdpahd gpupT epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j tpN\l NjtpAila khztu;fspd; fy;tpg;Nghf;F
gpw;fhyj;jy; gy;NtW khw;wq;fSf;Fl;gl;L jw;fhyj;jpy; njupT
nra;ag;gl;l Fwpj;j rpy ghlrhiyfspy; mjw;fhd jdpahd gpupTk;
mjw;fhf tpN\lkhfg; gapw;Wtpf;fgl;l Mrpupau;fisAk;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
vk;.vr;.kpd;tu; me;jtifapy; tpN\l NjitAila khztu;fspd; fy;tpf;fhf
cg gPlhjpgjp Mrpupau;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf fy;tpapaw;fy;Y}upfSk;
(epjp kw;Wk; epUthfk;)
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa msg;gupa Nritahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jdbg;gilapy;
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up tpN\l fy;tpg; ghlnewp
Mrpupa gapYdu;fshy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;w ,e;j “khw;W tpop” vDk;
tUlhe;j <rQ;rpifAk; tpN\l NjitAila khztu;fspd; fy;tp
tsu;r;rpay; kpfTk; rpwe;jkhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gjidAk; ,r;
rQ;rpif midtUf;Fk; kpfTk; gad;kpf;fjhfTk; mikAk;
vd;gjidAk; $wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
jpU. V.esP k; tpupTiuahsupd; rpwe; j topfhl; l Yld; 2018/20
Mrpupa gapYdu; fshy; ntspaplg; g Lk; ,e; j <.rQ; r pif
ntspapLk; Kaw;rp kpfTk; ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ. ,tu;fSf;F rpwe;j
vjpu; fhyj; ijAk; ,iwtdpd; mUisAk; MrpfisAk; Ntz;b f;
nfhs;t NjhL vdJ md;igAk; tho;j;Jf; fisAk; njuptpj;Jf;
nfhs;fpd;Nwd;
khw;Wtpop- 02 iv
gjpg;Giu
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpafy;tpaw; fy;Y}upapd; vkJ tpNrlfy;tpg;
gpupthy; “khw;W tpop” vDk; ehkj;Jld; kpd;dpay; rQ;rpif
ntspaplg;gLtjpy; tpNrlfy;tpf;F nghWg;ghd tpupTiuahsH
vd;wtifapy; ngUkfpo;r;rp milfpNwd;. ,f;fy;Y}upapy; tpNrlfy;tpg;
gapw;rpnewp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L 15tJ tUlj;ij milAk; ,j;jUzj;jpy;
,r; rQ;rpif ntspaplg;gLtJ vkJ fy;Y}upapd; tpNrlfy;tpj; Jiw
tuyhw;wpy; xU ikw; fy;yhFk;.
tpNrlfy;tp Mrpupa khztHfspd; Mf;fj;jpwd; ntspg;ghl;bw;fhd
xUfsj;jpid ,r;rQ;rpif Vw;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. tpNrl fy;tpj; Jiw
rhHe;j gy mk;rq;fs; ,jd; %yk; vOj;JUtpy; ntspf;nfhz;L
tug;gl;Ls;sd. ,r;rQ;rpif mr;rpl;L ntspapLk; Nehf;fpy;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; rkfhy epiyikfis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ,J
xU ,yj;jpudpay; rQ;rpifahf ntsptUfpwJ. vjpHfhyq;fspy;
,J mr;rplg;gl;l rQ;rpifahf njhluhf ntsptu Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
vkJ mththFk;.
Mrpupa khztHfspd; njhopy; thz;ikf;F ,J cjTk; vd;gjpy;
ve;jtpj IaKk; ,y;iy. MrpupaHfs; vg;nghOJk; Njly; cilatH-
fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,jpYs;s Mf;fq;fis
vOJtjw;F Mrpupa gapYdHfs; gy mk;rq;fisj; Njb
V.esPk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,j;JiwrhHe;j Njly; cilatHfSf;F
tpupTiuahsu;- tpNrlfy;tp rhHe;j gy mk;rq;fis xNu jsj;jpy; toq;Fk;
(tpNrlfy;tp) xd;whf ,r;rQ;rpif fhzg;gLtJ ,jd; xU rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
ml;lhisr;Nrid Njrpa
rQ;rpifia ntspapLtjw;F MNyhridfis toq;fp
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up
Cf;fkspj;j vkJ fy;Y}upapd; gPlhjpgjp rl;lj;juzp
jpU.fp.Gz;zpa%Hj;jp mtHfSf;F ed;wpia njuptpg;gJld;
tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfis toq;fp Cf;fkspj;j cggPlhjpgjpfs; kw;Wk;
,izg;G tpupTiuahsHfs;> tpupTiuahsHfs; midtUf;Fk; vdJ
ed;wpfis njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,r;rQ;rpif cUthf;fj;jpw;F
nghWg;Gld; nra;aw;gl;l rQ;rpiff; FOtpdH kw;Wk; Mf;fq;fis
vOjpa tpNrlfy;tp Mrpupa gapYdHfs; midtiuAk;
ghuhl;LfpNwd;. NkYk; gy;NtW topfspYk; cjtpa midtUf;Fk;
vdJ kdkhHe;j ed;wpfisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;tNjhL ,r; rQ;rpif
njhluhf ntsptUtjw;F ,iwtd; mUs; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;
gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.
khw;Wtpop- 02 v
cs;slf;fk;
tplak;; gf;f ,y
tpNrl NjitfSk; tsu;r;rpAUk; r%f mikg;Gf;fSk;…….. 11
tpNrl NjitAila rpWtu;fspw;F ,yq;if MuR toq;Fk; 14

Nritfs;…………………………………………………..
epkpu;e;J epw;Nghk;…………………………………………. 15
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaupd; epiy…….. 16
tpNrl fy;tp khztu;fSf;fhd Ez;zpaf;f nraw;ghLfs;... 17
Cdk; vd;gJ cs;sj;j;y; ,y;iy………………………….. 19
tyJ Fiwe;Njhu; tho;tpy; tsk; Nru;f;Fk; mq;ftPdu; 20

epiyak;…………………………………………………...
Xtpak;…………………………………………………….. 23
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;……………… 24
fhJNfshNjhu; JLg;ghl;lk;………………………………... 26
Mq;fhq;Nf rpupg;Gf;fs;……………………………………. 27
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; typg;G Neha;……………………………. 28
tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fs;……….. 29
cs;sk; epkpu;e;jhy; CdKk; Fd;Wk;……………………… 32
vd; ghu;itapy; 35
Cdk; vq;Nf……………………………………………… 38
n[rpf;fh fhf;];……………………………………………. 39
khw;Wj; jpwdhsh; xypk;gpf; ……………………………….. 40
mu;j;jnkhd;iw eP vOJ…………………………………… 42
khWfz;…………………………………………………... 43
khw;wq;fs; gy je;jpl;l jpwdhspfs;………………………... 45
tpjpia ntd;w rhjidahsu;fs;………………………….. 46
ehl;Fwpg;gpy; Xu; ehs; ‚NgRk; Kd; rpe;jp…‛………………… 48
khw;Wj;jpwdhsp…………………………………………... 50
irif nkhopapd; ru;tNjr ehs;…………………………... 51
Ngrhj fz;fs;;…………………………………………….. 53
‚Cdk; Cdk; Cdk; ,q;F Cdk; ahUq;Nfh? clk;gpYs;s Fiwfs; vy;yhk; Cdk; ,y;iyq;Nfh.‛ vDk;
rpdpkh ghlypd; fw;gid tupfis cz;ikahf;Fk; tifapy; CdKw;Nwhu; gy;NtW rhjidfis gilj;J
khw; Wj; jpwdhspfshf n[hypf; fpd; wdu; . G+kpapy; kdpjuhf gpwe; j xt; nthUtuplKk; VNjh xU tpNrl
Mw; w y; Gije; J fhzg; g Lfp d; w J. rpyu; mjpf Mw; w y; cilatu; fshfTk; > rpyu; rpWrpW Fiwfisj;
jk; kfj; Nj nfhz;l tu; fshfTk; cs; sdu; . ,t;Tyfpy; G+uzkhd kdpju; vd; W ahUk; fpilahJ. Fi-
wepiwfis fye;j capupahfNt kdpjd; jpfo;fpd;whd;.
,t;Tyfpy; ,d;W gyu; ,aw;ifahfNth my;yJ tpgj;Jf;fs; Nghd;w nraw;ifahd fhu zq;fspdhNyh
Fiwfis Rke; J nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w du; . cly; uP j pahfNth, csuP j pahfNth Vw; g l; l khw; w j; j pd;
fhuzkhf jkJ tho; f ; i fapy; md; w hl nraw; g hLfis nra; t jw; F fbdg; g Lfpd; w kdpju; f is
‘tpNrlj;NjitAilatu;fs;’ vd miof;fpd;Nwhk;.
Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,tu;fs; ‘tYtpoe;Njhu;’ vd miof;fg;gl;ldu;. fhuzk; Kd;ida fhyj; jpy; ,tu;fs;
gadw;wtu;fshfTk;, VidNahupy; jq;fp tho;gtu;fshfTk; fhzg;gl;ldu;. gpd; fhyg; Nghf;fpy; ehfuP-
fkhw;wk;, njhopEl;g tsu;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ‘khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs;’ vd nfsutpf;fg; gl;ldu;. ,tu;fSk;
rhjhuz kf;fisNghd;wtu;fs; vDk; nfhs;if czu;j; jg;gl;lJ. Vnddpy; mtu;fisAk; VidNa-
hUf;F epfuhf Nghhw;Wk; mstpw;F rhjid gilg;gtu;fshf fhyk; khwpaJ.
,e;epiyapy; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfspd; jpwd;fisAk;, fiyfisAk; tpNrl Mw;wy;fisAk; Njhz;b

vLg;gjw;fhfTk;> mtu;fSf;F mj;jpatrpa cjtpfis toq;Ftjw;fhfTk; gy;NtW r%f epWtdq;fSk;
mikg;Gf;fSk; cUthf njhlq;fpd. CdKw;NwhUf;F cjTjy; njhlu;ghd kpf ePz;l
tuyhW ,yq; iff; Fk; cz;L. Nguurd; mNrhfd; cly; CdKw;Nwhiu guhkupf; Fk; epWt dnkhd; iw
mikj;jpUe;jhd;. ,e; epyaq;fs; vt;tsT fhyk; ePbj;jJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuq;fs;
,y;iy.
21k; E}w; whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; eyd; Gup eltbf;iffspy; <Lg;gl;l kp]dupf; FOf;fSk;> NfhapYld;
njhlu;Gila FOf; fSk; tpNrl ghlrhiyf; fy;tpf;fhd eltbf; iffis Kd;ndLj; jdu; . me; jtifapy;
,yq;ifapYk; rup> ru;tNjr uPjpapYk; tpNrl NjitAilNahiu xU $l;lhf my;yJ xd;whf jq;fitj;J
mbg;gil trjpfis toq;fp guhkupf;Fk;> mtu;fspd; Mw;wy;fis nkU$l;Lk; gy;Ntwhd mikg;Gf;fSk;
epWtdq;fSk; tpNrl Njitf;nfd;Nw Njhw;wk; ngw;Wf; ifnfhLj;J tUfpd;wd.
cyfpy; tpNrl NjitfSld; njhlu; G ila mikg; Gf; fs; > khehLfs; > rhrdq; fs; fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk;
xt; n thU ehLfSk; tpNrl NjitAilNahUf; F cjtpfisAk; > Cf; f y; f isAk; toq; F tjw; f hf
mikg;Gf;fisAk;> epWtdq;fisAk; cUthf;fpAs;sd.
,yq;ifap y; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfi s tsu;j;njLf;Fk; mikg;Gf;fSk;

epWtdq;fSkhf>
 fy;tp mikr;R
 ghlrhiyfs;
 jpwe;j gy;fiyfofq;fs;
 Njrpa fy;tp ep;Wtfk;
 Rfhjhuj;Jiw
 r%f Nritfs; jpizf;fsk;
tpNrl NjitfSk; tsu;r;rpAUk; r%f mikg;Gf;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Nghd;w Kf;fpa mikg;Gf;fSk;>


 mk;ghiw tpNrl NjitAilNahu; tiyaikg;G ( )
 cly; CdKw;wtu;fSf;fhd ,];yhkpa ikak; ( )
 ghu;itaw;Nwhu; kf;fs; Nritf;FOf;fs; - ,uh[fpupa
 nrtpg;Gydw;Nwhu; Nritf;FO - ,uh[fpupa
 csf;Fiwg;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd epiyak; - nfhOk;G – 04
 Rtnrj ru;Nthjak; - nkhul;Lt
 tYtpoe;Njhupd; kj;jpa mjpfhuf; FO – gz;lhutis
 nrtpg;Gy gupNrhjid ikak; - fz;b
 rptd; tpNrlj; NjitAilNahu; epiyak; - fz;b
 Xrdk; tpNrl NjitAilNahu; ikak; - kl;lf;fsg;G
 ,jpupa
Nghd;w njhz;L epWtdq;fSk; tpNrlj; NjitAilNahupd; gy;Ntwhd Njitfis G+u;j;jpnra;tjpy;
gq;fhw;WtJld;> mtu;fspd; fy;tp> njhopw;gapw;rp> ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;wpYk; iff;nfhLf;fpd;wd.
mj;Jld; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Nehf;fpdhy;>
 CdKw;w Foe;ijfSf;fhd Njrpa rq;fk;

 ghu;itaw;wtu;fSf;fhd mnkupf;f mbj;jsk;
 Foe;ijfs; eyj; jfty;fs; fpilf;Fk; top

 mikjp kw;Wk; ,ayhikapdUf;fhd
$l;lzp
 khw;wj;jpd; cz;ikahd rq;fk;
 mikjp kw;Wk; CdKw;NwhUf;fhd mikg;G – ghfp];jhd;
 mwpT rhu; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L FiwghLfs; Fwpj;j mnkupf;frq;fk;
 FiwghLfs; cs;s Fbkf;fspd; mnkupf;f $l;lzp – 1975
 mnkupf;f ePupopT rq;fk; - 1939

 ghu;itaw;Nwhu; mikg;G - ];ngapd;
 mT];Nuypa rpwe;j ngsj;ju;fs;
 rpq;fg;G+upd; mwpT
G+u;tkhd CdKw;NwhUf;fhd rq;fk;

 ru;tNjr CdKw;Nwhu; kw;Wk;
Nkk;ghl;L $l;likg;G – 2017 – Nehu;Nt
 CdKw;Nwhu;
Mjutpw;fhd mikg;G.
 FiwghLs;s Foe;ijfSf;fhd rq;fk;
 ngU %is thj mikg;G



Nghd;w gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; tpNrl NjitAilNahUf;F rYiffisAk;> ghJfhg;igAk; toq;f ru;tNjr
uPjpapy; gutp tsu;r;rpaile;J tUfpd;wd. ,itfs; tpNrlj; NjitAilNahupd ;
 fy;tp
 nghUshjhuk;
 ,Ug;gplk;
 ghJfhg;G
 czT> cil
 Rj;jk;
 khw;Wj;jpwdhspfspd; jpwd;fis tsu;j;jy;.
 njhopEl;g trjpfis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.
 Njitahd cgfuzq;fis toq;fy;.
 tpNrl NjitAilNahupd; cupikfisAk;>
mq;fPfhuj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;
vd;gtw;wpw;fhf mauhJ ghLgLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd r%f
mikg; G f; f Sf; F tuNtw; g spf; f g; g l Ntz; L k; . murpdhy;
C f ; f k s p j; J m q ; f P f h u k ; t o q ; f Nt z ; L k ; . e h K k ;
khw; W jpwdhspfis r%fj; j py; xJf; f p itf; fhky; ek; kpy;
xUtnud vz; Z Nthk; . mtu; f spd; fiyj; j pwd; f Sf; F
Cf;fj;ij mspj;J G+uz kdpjdhf;FNthk;.
‚ Mw;wy;fs;> fiyfs; vd;gJ xU kdpjdJ cs;sj;J

czu;TfisAk; mtw;wpd; gpujpg;gypg;Gf;fisAk;
ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpwd;fs; %ykhfNt
kdpjd; NkYk; NkYk; kdpjdhfpd;whd;.‛
- mwpQu; lhy;];lha; -
vk;.rpj;uh Njtp
tpNrlfy;tp
,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/218

tpNrl NjitAila rpWtu;fSf;F ,yq;if muR toq;Fk; rYiffs;
 ghu;itaw;NwhUf;F (BRAIL) gpiwapy; Clhf tpdhj;jhs;fs; toq;fg;gLjy;.

 mt;trjp ,y;yhj ghlrhiyfspy; guPl;ir epiyaq;fspy; tpdhj;jhs;fs; thrpg;gjw;F
Nkw;ghu;itahsu; xUtiu toq;Fjy;.
 guPl;ir vOJtjw;F Nkyjpfkhd Neuj;ij toq;Fjy;.
 vOJtjw;F rpukg;gLk; khztu;fSf;F tpilfis tha;nkhop %yk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; mjid
 xypg;gjpT nra;J kw;Wk; mr;re;ju;g;gj;jpNyNa tha;nkhop %yk; toq;fg;gLk; tpilfis
vOJtjw;Fk; tpNrl Nkw;ghu;itahsu; xUtiu epakpj;jy;.
 irif nkhopia gpuNahfpf;fpd;w Nfl;ly;> Ngr;R rpukKila khztu;fSf;F nkhopngau;g;ghsu;
xUtiu epakpj;jy;.
 ntt;NtW tpNrl NjitAilatu;fSf;Fk; guPl;ir kz;lgj;jpw;F cs;tUtjw;F ngw;Nwhupd;
cjtpapid toq;Fjy;.
 tpNrl ,ayhikfis nfhz;l khztu;fSf;F Nkw;ghu;itahsu;fspd; cjtpAld; njhlu;e;J
Vw;gLk; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jpahf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F cjTjy;.
 guPl;ir jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; guPl;irf;F Kd;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kjpg;gPl;Lf;F gpd;G xt;nthU
tpNrl Njit tiff;F Vw;g guPl;irf;Fupa rYiffs; toq;fg;gLk;.
 ghu;itaw;w khztu;fSf;F cupa Neuj;ij toq;FtJ njhlu;ghf guPl;ir epiya mjpfhupfspd;
ifNal;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mf;ifNal;by; ghlq;fSf;F ,zq;f kw;Wk; vOJtjw;F
ghtpf;fg;gLk; cgfuzq;fSf;F ,zq;f Nkyjpf Neuk; njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 gy;fiyf;fof xJf;fPl;by; 3%xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 tpNrl NjitAilatu;fs; r%f Nrit jpizf;fsj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk; rfy rYiffSf;Fk;
cupj;jhdtu;fshf ,Ug;gJld; mjid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s trjpg;gLj;jy;.
vk;.V.vg;. ~hdh];
tpNrl fy;tp ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/244
tpNrl NjitAila rpWtu;fspw;F ,yq;if MuR toq;Fk; Nritfs;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

epkph;e;J epw;Nghk;
ahh; ,th;fs; ,iwtdpd;
kW cUtk; nfhz;lth;fs;
Nrhk;gy; epiwe;j ,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa;
rhjpf;f Jbf;Fk; ty;yth;fs;
vJ Cdk; vijg;gw;wpAk; Nahrpf;fhky;
Nrhk;gyhf Xuplj;jpNy Fl;ilNghy Njq;fpf;fplg;gjh?- my;y>
vj;jid Nrhjidfs; te;jhYk; mijj;jhz;b
XLk; ejpNghy ek; Kaw;rpahy; efh;e;J nfhz;NlNgha;
Gfopd; cr;rj;ij njhLk; jpwikahdth;fs; ehk;
ntl;l ntl;l Kisf;Fk; jiykaph; Nghy
kuj;jpy; ntl;l ntl;l jisf;Fk; fpisfs;Nghy
ehk; ,e;j Cdk; vd;w nrhy;iy mbNahL GLq;fp vwpe;J
ehKk; vijAk; rhjpf;f ty;yth;fs; vd;wpLNthk; cyfpdpNy
ghh;gth;fSf;F jhd; ehk; CdKw;Nwhh;> khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; - Mdhy;
ek; kdjpw;F Cdk; vd;gNj ,y;iy - KbahJ vd;W KayhjJ vd;W
xd;iwnra;ahky; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; cd;dhy; vJTk; KbahJ
xUKiw Kaw;rp nra;J cd;dhYk; KbAk; vd;W tho;e;J fhl;L ,e;j juzpapNy!
ekf;F kl;Lk; Vd; ,g;gbnahU epiyik vd;W Nahrpf;fhky;
ehk; vLj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jg;gpwg;gpNyNa ek;khYk; rhjpj;jpl KbAk;
vd;gij mwpe;J njspe;J mjw;Nfw;w topapy; gazk; nra;J
tplhKaw;rpapd; gbfspy; Vwp ehKk; ntd;wpLNthk; ,j; juzpapNy!
ek;gpf;if vd;w xd;Nw tpOe;j cd;id mNj ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J
cd;id fpsg;gp vOg;gp ,e;j khdpl cyfpNyNa gpufhrpf;f nra;Ak;
thdpy; Njhd;Wk; #upaidg;Nghy ePAk; ,e;j cyfpy;
cd; jd;dk;gpf;ifahy; ,e;j cyfpw;Nf xspnfhLf;Fk; #upaidg;- Nghy
ePAk; cd; tplhKaw;rpapydhYk; > ijupaj;jpdhYk; eP ahh; vd;gij mwpar; nra;jpLtha;!
ghh;gth;fSf;F Cdk; xU Fiw - ekf;F ,y;iy
,ijnay;yhk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; Cdk; vd;w xd;iw ehk; khw;wp
Cdk; xU Fiw my;y ,ij khw;wp ek; Cd;WNfhyhf itj;J
ehKk; ek; ciog;ghy; cae;jpLNthk; !
eP ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup eP vd;d FiwNahL gpwe;jhYk; rup cd;
jd;dk;gpf;ifahy;
,e;j cyfj;ijNa cd; ciog;ghy; cd; tplhKaw;rpahy; Qhdy~;kp
Cd; trg;gLj;jp ehk; khw;Wjpwdhsp my;y – mg;gbg;gl;l tpNrlfy;tp
kw;wth;fspd; vz;zj;ij khw;Wk; jpwdhspahf te;J ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
ek; tplhKaw;rpahy; > ek;gpf;ifahy;> ciog;ghy; vOe;J SP/240
Jzpr;rYld; epkph;J epy; ez;gh!
epkpu;e;J epw;Nghk;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp
Mrpupaupd; epiy
xt;nthU kdpjDk; jd;Dila tho;ifia elhj;jp nry;tjw;F gy;NtW NjitAilatu;fshfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. mt;thwhd kdpjh;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpf NjitAlath;fis tpNrl NjitAilNahu;
vdyhk;;. tpNrl fy;tp vd;gJ tpNrl Njitfis Ntz;b epw;Fk; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfsJ Mw;wy;fis
tsuf;;f cjTfpd;w xU fy;tp KiwahFk;. ,r; Nritia toq;Ffpd;wtu;fNs tpNrl fy;tp
Mrpupau;fshtu;.
fy;tpKiwapd; typikkpf;f rf;jpahf jpfo;gtu;fs; Mrpupau;. Mrpupau; ,y;yhj fy;tp
Md;kh ,y;yhj capu; Nghd;wJ. Mrpupau; jd; kdpjg; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;L> r%f rPu;jpUj;jthjp vd;w
mbg;gilapy; Foe;ijfspilNa kdpjj;jd;ikAk;> r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhd gz;GfisAk; tsu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
“jdJ Ra tpUg;gq;fis Kd;DWj;JNthiu tpl gpwu;kPJ mf;fiwAk;> mu;g;gzpgG; czu;Tk;>
gzpapd; kPJ Mo;e;j gw;Wk; cila MrpupaNu cWjpg;ghLkpf;fth;” vd;W vypal; kw;Wk; fpuhy; nty;
$Wfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhd gzpia Mw;WgtNu tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau; Mthh;.
,d;iwa r%fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; tpNrl fy;tp vd;whNy Vsdkhf
ghh;f;Fk; Xu; epiyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. me; epiy FLk;gq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj
Muk;gkhfptpLfpd;wd. FLk;gq;fspy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau; vDk; gzpia
Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtiu tpl mij epuhfupg;gtNu mNefk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. r%
fj;jpd; ghh;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau; vDk; gzp Vida gzpfis tpl
fPo;kl;lkhfNt fUjg;gLfpd;WJ. ghlrhiy r%fk; $l mt;thNw tpNrl fy;tp
Mrpupaiu cUtfpj;Jg; ghu;f;fpd;wJ. mNefkhd ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fs; $l
tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau;fis NtW gpupj;Jg; ghu;;g;gtu;fshfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. r%fj;jpy; cs;stu;fs; $l tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaiu
Vsdkhd fz;Nzhl;lj;JlNd elj;Jfpd;wdu;.
FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdu; $l Vida ghlnjupTfSf;F nfhLf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpNrl
fy;tp ghlj;njupTf;F toq;Ftjpy;iy. Mdhy; tpNrl fy;tp njhlh;ghd ghlnewpf;F njupT
nra;ag;gLfpd;wtu;fs; Vida ghlnewpf;F njupT nra;ag;gLfpd;wtu;fis tpl $ba ngWNgWfisAk;>
Z Gs;spfisAk; ngw;wtu;fshfNt fhzg;gLthu;. fy;tpaw;fy;Y}upfis vLj;JNehf;fpdhy; $l ,e;
epiyia ,dq;fhzyhk;.
mjhtJ Vida khztu;fNshL xg;gpLifapy; tpNrl NjitAilNahu;f;fhd ghlrhiyapy;
fw;gpf;Fk; Neuk; FiwT kw;Wk; Vida Mrpupau;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl
tpNrl fy;tp MrpupaUf;F toq;fg;gLk; khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if kpff;FiwT> khztu;fSf;F ghilN-
tis FiwT vd;gJ vkJ r%fj;jpdhYk; Vida Mrpupau;fspdhYk; tpku;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fs; rhjhuz khztu;fs; my;y mtu;fSila cz;ik taJk; cstaJk;
mNefkhf NtwhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Vida khztu;fisg; Nghy tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fshy;
ntF Neuk; fw; w iy Nkw; n fhs; s KbahJ. kw; W k; tpNrl fy; t p Mrpupau; xUtu; mjpf Neuk;
khztu; fSf; F fw; g pf;f KbahJ. Vd; vdpy; ; tpNrl NjitAila khztu; fisg; nghWj;j tiuapy;
xt;nthU khztDk; NtWgl;l FiwghL cilatdhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaupd; epiy... khw;Wtpop- 02 00
xU khztDf;F fw;gpf;fpd;w Nju;r;rpia NtW FiwghL cila khztDf;F fw;gpf;f KbahJ. ,J ehk;
midtUk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;baJk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJkhd epju;rdkhd cz;ik.
gps;isfis cyifNa khw;wf;$ba jpwdhspfsha; cUthf;Ffpd;wtu;fNs tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupauhthu;.
,th;fis NtW gpupj;Jk; fPo;kl;lkhfTk; ghu;f;fhJ mtu;fSf;Fupa fd;dpaj;ij mtu;fSf;F
toq;fNtz;Lk;.
tpNrl NjitAila gpsi

; sfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mth;fspd; kdepiy xt;nthU re;jh;gj;jpYk;
ntt;NtwhfNt fhzg;gLk;. tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau; khzth;fspd; kdepiy Vw;wgbNa mtu;fSf;F
fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. Vida Mrpupau;fisg; Nghy; my;yhky; mr; #o;epiyia ntw;wpfukha;
Nkw;nfhz;L khztu;fSf;F fw;wYf;F Vw;w kdepiyia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fs; gy;NtWgl;l Fz ,ay;Gfis nfhz;L fhzg;gLthu;.
mt;thwhd gy;NtW ,ay;Gfis nfhz;l khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy
Nkw;nfhs;tJ kpf rthy; epiwe;j gzpahFk;. mr; rthy;fis jpdk; jpdk;
ntw;wp nfhs;gtNu tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau;. xU tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupauhy;
rhjhuz khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. Mdhy;
rhjhuz khztDf;F fw;gpf;fpd;w Mrpupaupdhy; tpNrl NjitAila
khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;tJ kpfTk; rpukk;. kPjj
; pwd; $ba
khztu;fSf;Fk; fw;gpjj; iy Nkw;nfhs;gtu;fs; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupau;fNs
Mthu;.
,t;thwhd gy;NtW #o;epiyfisAk;>jilfisAk;
jhz;b fw;wypy; ,ayhikAilatu;fisAk; r%fj;jpdhy; xJf;fg;gl;l gpsi
; sfisAk;>
khw;Wj;jpwdhspaha; cs;s gps;isfis cyifNa khw;wf;$ba jpwdhspfsha; cUthf;Ffpd;wtu;fNs
tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupauhthu;. ,th;fis NtW gpupj;Jk; fPo;kl;lkhfTk; ghu;f;fhJ mtu;fSf;Fupa
fd;dpaj;ij mtu;fSf;F toq;fNtz;Lk;.
N[.NtD[h
SP/248
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaupd; epiy... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

tpNrl fy;tp khztu;fSf;fhd
Ez;zpaf;f nraw;ghLfs;
fy;tp vd;gJ ,UspypUe;J ntspr;rj;jpw;F nry;tjhFk; vd;w nraw;ghl;bd;
mbg;gilapy; xt;nthUtUk; jk;Kila tho;f;ifia elhj;jpr; nry;tjw;F
gy;NtW Njit cilatu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. mg;gbahdtu;fspy;
rhjhuz ju NjitAilau;fis tpl cly;> cs> Rfhjhu uPjpahf mjpf
NjitAilatu;fNs tpNrl NjitAilatu;fshthu;. ,t;thwhdtu;fSf;F
gy;NtW fy;tp Kiwfspy; fy;tp toq;Fjy; tpNrl fy;tp vdyhk;.
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w mbg;gilapy; jw;Nghija etPd cyfpy; khwp tUfpd;w
r%fj;jpd; khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;gTk; vjpu;fhy Njitf;Nfw;gTk; r%fj;jpd; rfy
gpuptpdUf;Fk; rkkhd fy;tp toq;f Ntz;ba epiy mtrpakhdjhFk;. vdNt
jhd; xt;nthU khztupdJk; cs epiyfs;> nraw;ghLfs; NtWgl;litahf
fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gjhy; mtu;fSila FiwghLfs;> tpNrl Njitfis
fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mtu;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwia
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ Mrpupau;fspd; flikahFk;.
khztu;fSf;F fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jk; NghJ mjpfstpyhd
Ez;zpaf;f nraw;ghLfis ,ilapilNa toq;Ftjdhy; khztu;fs; fw;wy;
nrw;ghl;by; ,ila+W Vw;gLj;jhky; <LgLthu;fs;. khztu;fspd; fz;>if> %is
Nghd;wit Ez;zpa nraw;ghl;by; xUkpj;J ,aq;Ftjhy; khztu; Mu;tKld;
nraw;gLthu;.
,t;thW khztu;fSf;F cjTk; Ez;zpaf;f nraw;ghLfshdit>
 fk;gpapy; my;yJ E}ypy; Kj;Jf; Nfhu;j;jy;.
 Kj;ij xt;nthd;whf ngl;bapy; my;yJ Nghj;jypy; ,Ljy;.
 Nrhlh%bia fk;gpapy; Nfhu;j;jy; gpd;du; mij ryq;ifahf khw;wp xyp vOg;Gjy;.
 fljhrp ge;J jahupj;jy;.
 nghj;jhd; g+l;Ljy; kw;Wk; fow;Wjy;.
 Gspak; tpijfis rJuq;f ngl;bapd; eLtpy; itj;jy;.
 Kfk; ghu;f;Fk; fz;zhb Kd; epd;W Kf ghtid nra;jy;.
 if nghk;ikfs; %yk; ciuahLjy;.
 rpwpa epw ge;Jfis xt;nthd;whf $ilapy; NghLjy;.
 10 fsp my;yJ .fpNs %yk; cUtq;fs; nra;jy;.
 khit gpirjy; kw;Wk; gpire;J jl;il Mf;Fjy;.
 fspkz; %yk; cUtk; nra;jy;.
 epwj;jhs;fis fpopj;jy;.
 gY}d; CJjy;.
 khztu;fSf;F tprpy;fis toq;fp Cjpg;ghu;f;f nra;jy;.
 gy;NtW rj;jq;fis vOg;gp mjw;F Vw;g nraw;gly;.
 rg;ghj;jpw;F E}y; Nfhu;j;jy;.
 fapw;iw fl;Ljy;.
 ghdf;Foha;fis (];Nuit) rpwpa rpwpa Jz;Lfshf ntl;bf; Nfhu;j;jy;.
 ge;ij ifapdhy; eRf;f nra;jy;.
nj.mD[h
SP/211
tpNrl fy;tp khztu’fspw;fhd Ez;z;af;fr; nraw;ghLfs;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

je;ij kdjpdpy; fdTfs; gy Rke;J
jhapd; tapw;wpdpy; Miraha;
mq;Nf tsu;e;J>
,k; kz;zpy; gpwe;j
khdpl Foe;ijfspy;
ehDk; xUj;jp..!
vy;yh Foe;ijfs; NghyAk;

ehDk; rpupf;fpNwd;> mOfpNwd;>
ehDk; NgRfpNwd;> vOJfpNwd;
vd;d xd;W> vd;dhy;
elf;f kl;Lk; Kbatpy;iy..
vd;dthapw;W ,g;NghJ..?
vdf;F fhy;fspy; jhNd
typik mw;Wg; Ngha; ,Uf;fpwJ..?
vd; kdjpNyh my;yJ
vd; if tpuy;fspNyh my;yNt..?
if tpuy;fspdhy; Ngdhitg; gw;wp>

fhfpjq;fs; Jiz nfhz;L
mjd; NkNy>
fz;zpy; fz;l fhl;rpfis
fiyahf rpj;jupj;Njd;>
fiyQd; vd;W Nghw;wpaJ
,t;Tyfk; vd;idg; ghu;j;J..!
ghuhl;Lf;fs;> guprpy;fs; vd
mj;jidAk; vd; thry;
te;J fjT jl;bd>
vd; kd typikapdhy; khj;jpuk;..!
vd; ngw;Nwhupd; fdpTk;

vd; ,yl;rpaj;jpd; milahsKk;
vd;dplj;jpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ>
mij ehd; jhd;
,t;Tyfpw;F ntspf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;..!
Fiwghnld;gJ clYf;F
jhd; nghUe;Jk;
jpwikfSf;F my;y..!
vd;idg; Nghy;>
Cdk; vd;gjid J}ukha; vwpe;J>
Tpku;rdk; mjid
ghlkha; fw;W>
cs;sj;jhy; typik
V.V.rghdh ghD
ngw;W> jpwikahy; ,t;Tyif tpNrl fy;tp ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
ntd;wpLNthk; thuPu;..! SP/237
Cdk; vd;gJ cs;sj;j;y; ,y;iy... khw;Wtpop- 02 00
mq;ftPdk; Xu; ,ayhikay;y vd;gij epju;rdkhf czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
jp`hupahtpd; J}y;khyhtpy; mike;Js;s cly; CdKw;NwhUf;fhd ,];yhkpa mq;ftPdu; epiyak;.
,e; e piyak; 1984 Nk 03k; jpfjp md; W xU Mrpupau; 05 khztu; f Sld; xU thlif tP l ; b y;
epWtg;gl;lJ. mjd; MAl;fhy ];jhgfj; jiytu; kiwe;j vd;. [pg;up `dPgh mtu;fs; Mthu;. mtu; xU
mr; rfj; jpy; gzpGupe; j NghJ> xU njhopy; tpgj; jpy; fhy; tpuy; fis ,oe; jhu; . cly; uPjpahf jpwik
mw;wtuhfTk;> kd uPjpahfTk; NgupopTf;F cs;shd mtu; njhopy; Gdu;tho;tpd; kjpg;G kw;Wk; Njitia
czu; e ; j hu; . ,tuJ Nahrid jhd; gbg; g bahf fle; j %d; W jrhg; j q; f shf ,J KOikahd
epWtdkhf tsu fhuzkhdJ.
5-18 taJ tiuahd rpwg; G Foe; ijfSf; F fy; tp> njhopy; > gapw; rp kw; Wk; kWtho; T Nritfis
toq; Ffpd; wJ. ,e; j muR mq; fP fhuk; ngw; w njhz; lu; mikg; G ,yq; ifapd; 1980k; Mz; bd; 31k;
,yf; f jd; d hu; t r%f Nrit mikg; G rl; lj; j pd; fPo; muRrhuh mikg; ghf gjpT nra; ag; gl; Ls; s J.
1984k; Mz; by; I.rp.gp.vr; xt; nthU ,yq;if Foe;ijf; Fk; rpwg; G NjitfSld; mjpfhuG+u; tkhf
jpwf; f g; g l; l J. ,e; e pWtdk; jP T KOtjpYk; ,Ue; J Rkhu; 280 tpz; z g; g q; f is ngw; w J.
jw;NghJ ,e;j ikak; 04 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;gpy; gutpAs;sJ. 280 khztu;fSf;F mtu;fspd; nraw;ghl;L
kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; mwpthw;wy; jpwDf;F Vw;w KO Neu tjptpl gapw;rpia toq;Ffpd;wJ. J}y;khyh
I.rp.gp.vr; ,yq;if muR eilKiwg;gLj;jpa mNj fy;tp ghl jpl;lj;ij gpd;gw;Wfpd;wJ. cly; CdKw;w
khztu; f Sf; F Kiwahd fy; t p toq; f g; g Lk; NghJ ghu; i t kw; W k; nrtpj; j pwd; FiwghLs; s
khztu;fs; rpwg;Gf; fy;tpia ngWfpd;whu;fs;.
guP l ; i r jpizf; f sj; j hy; elhj; j g; g Lk; nghJ Nju; T fSld; xUq; f pize; J Kjd; i k epiy Kjy;
,uz; l hk; epiy tiu KONeu fy; t pia toq; F tjd; %yk; ,tu; f Sf; F rpwe; j Nritia
toq; Ffpd; w J. xl; brk; > ngU%is thjk; > kd tsu; r; rp Fiwe; Njhu; > tha; Ngr KbahNjhu; > lTd;
Neha;f;Fwp kw;Wk; nghJthf fw;Fk; Foe;ijfis G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tpisahl;L> mofpay; kw;Wk; Nahfh
mku; Tfs; $Ljy; ghlj; j pl; l eltbf; iffspy; mlq; Fk; 16 tajpw; F Nkw; g l; l khztu; fs; njhopw;
gapw;rpfisAk; ngWfpd;wdu;.
tyJ Fiwe;Njhu; tho;tpy; tsk; Nru;f;Fk; mq;ftPdu; epiyak;. khw;Wtpop- 02 00
,q;F %tpd tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSk; jq;fp fy;tp
ngWtJ xU tpNrl mk;rkhFk;. vdpDk; ,J xU ,];yhkpa
gs;spahf ,Ug;gjh y; rpWtu;fs;;> rpWk pfSf;F jdp
tFg; G f; f is toq; F fpd; w J. CdKw; N whiu nghUj; J
fw; g pf; F k; Kiw khWgLk; . fhJ Nfshjtu; f Sf; F irif
nkhop kw; W k; cjL thrpg; G fw; g pf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. ghu; i t
FiwghLila Foe;ijfSf;F gpnua;y; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gpnua;iy gad;gLj;jp xU khztu; Gdpj
my; Fu; Midg; gbj; jy; $l nra; a KbAk.; KO my; Fu; MDk;
khztu;fs; fw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;> gbf;fTk; gpnua;y; mikg;gpy;
fpilf;fpd;wJ.
rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; muG (tpUk;gpdhy;) cl;gl;l ehd;F ntt;NtW nkhopfspy; khztu;fs;
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. kfufktpy; cs;s Njrpa fy;tp epWtdj;jpy; I.rp.gp.vr;Mrpupau;fs; irif nkhop
kw;Wk; gpnuapypy; Kiwahd gapw;rp ngWfpd;wdu;. muR Mrpupau; gapw;rp fy;Y}up tUlhe;jpu
gapw;rpia toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J khepy fy;tp Kiwapd; Njitahd juq;fisAk; Njitfis G+u;j;jp
nra;tij cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;epWtdj;jpy; Rkhu; 40 mu;gzpg;Gs;s fy;tp kw;Wk; Jiz Copau;fs;
cs;sdu;. mtu;fs; ,k;khztu;fspd; tsu;r;rpia vspjhfTk; cs;shu;e;j Mf;fG+u;tkhd kw;Wk; njhopy;
KidNthu; jpwd;fisAk; tsu;f;f nghWikAlDk;> tplhKaw;rpAlDk; jk;khy; Kbe;j midj;ijAk;
nra;fpd;wdu;. njhopy;gapw;rp vd;gJ ikaj;jpy; cs;s khztu;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; kw;WnkhU gFjp
khztu;fs; jq;fs; rhjhuz fy;tpia Kbj;jTld; mtu;fspd; cly; jpwd;fspd; mbg;gilapy; gapw;rpf;F
epakpf;fg;gLthu;fs;. cjtpfs; khj;jpukd;wp xU ey;y ,jak; kw;Wk;xU ngupa msT nghWik Njit.
1. eif iftpid Kjy; uj;jpdk; ntl;Ljy; kw;Wk; nkU$l;ly;.
2. mr;rpLjy;> jr;R kw;Wk; [{f;fp ijay; tiuahd gy;NtW jpwd;fs;.
3. Ngf;fup.
4. fzpdp mwptpay; Nghd;w Nygplup jpwd;fs;.
5. rpWkpau;fSf;F rikay;> vk;gpuha;lup> ijay;> eif tbtikg;G kw;Wk; fzdp Ma;Tfs;.
6. kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F Ntshz;ik Kjy; Njhl;lf;fiy tiu.
7. nkOFtu;j;jp jahupj;jy;> Fq;Fkg;G+ kw;Wk; fhfpj Fapypq;
Nghd;w tPl;L; njhopy; Jiw iftpidg; nghUl;fs; jahupj;jy;.
Nghd;w gyjug;gl;l gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; gy khztu;fs; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gl;lk; ngw;W
nghJj; Jiwapy; epakdk; ngw;Ws;sJld; cs;ehl;bYk>; ntspehl;bYk; cau; fy;tpia ngWgtu;fshfTk;
cs;sdu;. NkYk; gyu; jq;fs; rpukq;fis rkhspj;J tskhd kw;Wk; epiwthd tho;f;ifia elhj;jp
tUfpd;wdu;. jp`hupa J}y;khyh ikaj;jpd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; FiwghLs;s xt;nthU Foe;ijf;Fk;
xU cau; fy;tp my;yJ gapw;rp toq;Ftjy;y khwhf mtu;fis jd;dk;gpf;if> RahjPdkhd egu;fshf
tsu;g;gjd; %yk; rpwe;j kw;Wk; trjpahd tho;f;iff;fhf ghLgLtjw;F cjTtjhFk;. fle;j 36
Mz;Lfshf rpwg;Gf; Foe;ijfspd; tho;f;ifapy; J}y;khyh ikak; xsp tPRfpwJ. ,jw;F epjp ,jw;F epjp
cjtpfs; khj;jpukd;wp xUey;y ,jak; kw;Wk; xU ngupa msT nghWik Njit .
vk;.vg;.vg;.wpah]h
SP/205
tyJ Fiwe;Njhu; tho;tpy; tsk; Nru;f;Fk; mq;ftPdu; epiyak;. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

vk;.V.vg;. ~hdh];
SP/244
Xtpak;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00
k ; nfhLf; f Ntz; L k; vd; g jhy; uhfk
S gFjpapy;
h sp f d kw;Wk;
kUj; J tkid mgptpUj; j p
; j pwd f;fh nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd
w ; Wj ; t p a Y S k ; Fwpg; g pl; l Jld; > ,t; t ikg; g pd;
k h ho h y;f nraw;if mgat cw;gj;jp
t t epWtdq; f s; jpUNfhzkiy>
r fhyp >tTdpah >gJis
cl y pN y h m y ;y J Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; epWtg;gl;ld.
cs uPjpafNth Vw;gl;l NkYk;> 2001Mk; Mz;L
Fiwghl; b dhy; rpy nray; f is Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; l Fbrdj; n jhif
Mw;w K b a h j t u ;fis k h w;W j ; kjpg;gPlhdJ ,yq;ifapd;
jpwdhspfs; vd;fpNwhk;. rdj; n jhifapy; 1.6rjtP j khNdhH
kugZtpy; Vw;gLk; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs; vd
khw;wq;fspdhy; gpwg;gpNyNa Fwpg; g pl; l g; g l; l J. jw; N ghija
Vw;gLk; FiwghLfs;> fUtpy; cyfkakhjy; #oypy; cyfk;
,Uf; F k; NghJ jha; rpy Neha; j ; KOtJk; thOk; kf; f s; njhifapy;
njhw;Wfspw;F cs;shFjy;> 15 rjtPjj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l
tpgj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; vd kf; f Sk; > ,yq; i fapy; 22.2 rjtP j
xUtu; khw; W j; jpwdhspahf khw k f ; f S k ; c l y ; > c s k h w ; W j ; nfhs; s Kbahky; ,Ug; g jhFk; .
gy fhuzq;fs; nry;thf;F jpwdhspfshf tho; f pd; w du; . vd cly; > cs uP j pahf MNuhf; f pak;
n r Y j ;J f p d ;w d. , y q ; i fi a g ; r % f N r i t f s ; k w ; W k ; r % cs; s xU jdpegu; $l md; w hlk;
nghWj;jtiuapy; cly;> cs f e y j ; J i w m i k r ; r p d ; jkJ nraw; g hLfis g+u;j ; j p nra;J
FiwghL fhuzkhfj; jkJ Gs;sptptuq;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.
tho;tpay; Njitfis Rakhf nfhs; t jpy; gy; N tW rthy; f is
khw;Wj; jpwdhspfis vjpu;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;.
vjpu;nfhs;s Kbahjtu;fs; CdKw; w tu; f shf vg; N ghJk; vkJ m t ; t h w h d , d ; i w a r % f
“khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs;" vd r%fk; Nehf; F k; kdg; g hq; f pdhy; > m i k g ; g h z ; i k a p d ; >
rl;luPjpahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wdu;. m t u ; f S f ; F c j T t j h f f ; njhopw; g hLfspd; kj; j papy; cly ; >
,yq;ifapy; $wpf; n fhz; L mtu; f spd; jpwik- c s u P j p a h f g ; G + u z k h f
Vw; gl ; l ePz;l fhyA j; j j; j pw; F fis tsu; g ; g jpypUe; J k; jLj; J M N u h f ; f p a k w ; w k h w ; W j ;
g p d ; d u ;> , y q ; i fa h d J r % f> t p L f p d ; w d u ; . , J k h w ; W j ; jpwdhspfs; jq; f sJ md; w hl
nghUshjhu epiyfspy; gy; N tW j p w d h s p f i s ; v g ; N g h J k ; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;Jr;
g pd; dil T fis v j pu ; N eh f;fp k w ; N w h u p y ; j q ; f p t h o ; t i j N a nry; t jpy; gy; N tW rpukq; f is
cs; s ehlhf fUjg; g LfpwJ. 3 C f ; F t p f ; f p d ; w J . k h w ; W j ; vjpu;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;.
jrhg; j q; f shf Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; L jpwdhspfs; cyfpd; kpfg; n gupa xt;ntUr%fKk; “khw;Wj;jpwd;"
te;j gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy; rpWghd; i kapdu; vd Fwpg; g pLwJ> vd; w gpur; r pidia nfhz;L s; sJ.
fspdhy;> ,yl;r f;fzf;f hd kf; fs; cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; . cyf- xU egu; ,ayhjtuhf fhzg; g Lk;
nfhy;yg;gl;Lk;> fhzhky; shtpa uPjpapy; ghu; f ; F k; NghJ NghJ mtu; kdk; Nrhu; t ile; J
Mf; f g; g l; L k; > khw; W j; jpwdhspf- khw;Wj; jpwd; ,y; yhj kf; fis tpl cs uP j pahf ghjpf; f g; g l; L r%fg; >
shfTk; > ngWkjpahd ngsjPf> khw;Wj;j pwDf;Fs;shdtu;fs; Fi- n g h U s h j h u t o p f s p Y k ; r %
kdpjtsq; f Sk; mopf; f g; g l; L tl w e ; j R f h j h u e p i y i a A k ; > fj; j pye; J Xuq; f l; l g; g Lfpd; w du; .
fpof;F kf;fs; jkJ ,ay;ghd Fiwthd fy; t pj; jiyikiaAk; > e h s h e ; j k ; m j p f u p j ; J t U k ;
t h o;f; i ff; F kPs j ; j pUk ;Gt j py ; F i w t h d t U k h d j ; j p d h y ; khw; W j; jpwd; nfhz; l egu; f is
gy; N tW rpf; f y; f is vjpu; nfhz; L $ ba sT t W ik t pfpj j ;ij Ak ; r%fj; J ld; ,izf; F k; tifapy;
tUfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. nfhz;Ls;sdu;. trjpfs; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;ba
,e;epiyapy; mjpfkhd ,jw; F Kf; f pa fhuzq; f shf #o;epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ghjpg;Gf;fis td;dpg; gpuNjr fy;tp> Rfhjhu Nritfs;> ,d; W Nkiyj; N ja ehLfspy;
kf;fNs! Vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sdu; N t i y t h a ; g ; G f s ; k w ; W k ; khw; W j ; j pwd; n fhz ;l eg u;fs;
vdyhk;. Rfhjhu mikr;R Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritfs; rkj;Jtk; miltjw;fhd
k f;fS f;F g hJ fh g ;Gjt pfis f; Nghd; w tw; i w ,tu; f shy; ngw; W f; mgptpUj; j pj; jpl; l q; f s; cUthf; f p
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

mtu;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij nraw;ghLfs; Kd;ndLf;fg; jhNk epiwT nra;J nfhs;s
Nkk;gLj;j Kaw;rpfs; Nkw; gltpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; Kbahky; cs;sdu;. ,jdhy;
nfhs; s g; g l; L tUfpd; w d. me; j khw; W j; j pwdhspfs; vjpu; N ehf; F k; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis
t ifa py ; m g pt pU j ;j p m il e;j Kf;fpa rthyhf> mtu;fshy; vjpu;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;.
eh L fs py ; rha ;jsk ; t r j pah f vt;tpjkhd NtiyfisAk; khw; W j; j pwd; vd; g J r%f kw; W k;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sij fhzyhk;. nrsfupakhf nra;J nfhs;s #oy;rhu; gupzhkq;fisAk;
Mdhy;> ,yq;ifapy; KbahikNa MFk;. nfhz;L cs;sjhf ntFthf
nghJkf;fSf;F Nrit toq;Ffpd;w ,J clw; ghjpg;gpd; mwpag; g l; L s; s J. khw; W j; j pwd;
nghJr; Nrit ikaq; f spy; cs; s j d;ik f;N fw;g N t W g L fpd;wJ . n fh z ;l eg u ; x U t u ; r h j h u z
fl;blq;fspy; rha;js khw;Wj;jpwdhspfis nraw;ghLfspy; gq;Nfw;Fk;
mikg; g pd; i kahy; rf; f u ehw; f hyp Ntiyf;fku;j;Jfpd;w NghJ Fiwe;j jd;ikapy; r%fj;jpYs;s
gad;gLj;JgtHfs; jq;fs; Njit- Cjpaj; j py; Ntiyf; f ku; j ; J jy; > fhuzpfSk; jilfSk;
fis j h q ;fN s e piw T n r a ;J eP z ; l Neuk; Ntiyf; f ku; j ; J jy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd.
nfhs; s Kbahky; > jkJ Njit- kw; W k; mtu; f spd; cly; uP j pahd vdNtjhd;> khw;Wj;jpwd;
fis epiwNtw; w pf; nfhs; s eP z; l gpur; r pidia khj; j puk; fUj; j pw; vd; g jid ruptu Gupe; J nfhs; s y;
Neuk; f hj; j pUe; J Ntw xUtupd; nfhz; L mtu; f shy; rpwg; g hf vd; g J> Fwpj; j eguplk; fhzg; gLk;
cjtpapid vjpu; g hu; f ; f Ntz; b a cs;she;jkhd jilfs;> #oypdhy;
epiy fhzg; g L tjdhy; ,J cs cUthf;fg;gLk; jilfs;
uPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;fis M f p a , u z ; i l A k ;
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. k l ;L k d ; w p , it , u z ;b w ;F k ;
nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J , il g ;g l ;l fh uz pfis f; $l
Nritfspy; <LgLk; thfdq; fspy; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,JNt
khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;fhd khw;Wj;jpwd; nrad;Kiw
Mrdq; f s; xJf; f g; g l; L cs; s vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
NghjpYk; mjid gad;gLj;jp khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs;
mDgtpf; f pd; w tifapy; mjw; f hd nraw; g Ltjw; f hd Vw; w #oiy
j pl ;l q ;fs ; t F f;fg ;g l t py ;iy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mtu; fSf;Fs;
vd;gJjhd;cz;ik. fhzg; g Lk; jpwikfis ntspf;
mwpTWj; j y; f is elj; Jdu; f Nsh> Ntiy nra; a KbahJ vd; W fUjp> nfhz;L te;J> mtu;fspd;
rhujpfNsh my;yJ VidNa- Ntiyapy; ,izj;Jf; vz;zq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;J>
hu; f Nsh fz; L nfhs; t jpy; i y. nfhs;shik> khw;Wj; mtu;fSf;Fupa ,lj;ij
,jdhy; khw; W j; jpwdhspfs; jpwdhspfis Ntiyf;F toq; f g; g l Ntz; L k; . mtu; f spd;
jpdKk; mnrsfupaq;fis mku;j;Jfpd;w NghJ mtu;fSf;fhd tpUg; G > ntWg; G f; f is mwpe; J
vjpu;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;. mZFk; trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jpf; mtu;fs; rKjhaj;jpy;
N k Y k ;> 1 9 8 8 M k ; M z ; b y ; nfhLf;fg;glhik kw;Wk; mtu;fis cs; t hq; f g; g Ljy; Ntz; L k; . Mtu;
,yq;ifapd; nghJ epu;thf Ntiyf; f ku; j ; j pf; nfhz; l hy; ,t; fSf;fhd nfsutq;fs;
mikr; r pd; Rw; w wpf; i fapy; m ur trjpfis Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhLf; f toq; f g; g Lk; NghJ mtu; f spd;
kw; W k; jdpahu; epWtdq; f spy; Ntz; L k; vd; g jw; f hf Ntiyapy; kNdhuP j pahd jhf; f k; kiwe; J
k h w;W j ; j pwdhs pfs ; n j h opy ; Nru; j ; J f; nfhs; s hik> Fwpj; j tpLk;. mj;Jld; khw;Wj;
nra;a f; $ba Mw;w Yk; jpwikAk; mZFk; trjpfshd Nghf; F tuj; J jpwdhspfSf;F cjtpfis
j F j p A k ; , U f ; F k h d h y ; 3% rha; j s mikg; G > njhopy; tha; g ; G Nkw; n fhs; s ,r; r%fk; Kd; t u
Kd;Dupik nfhLf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; Ranjhopy; tha;g;G> mZFk; Ntz; L k; . Mtu; f s; mtu; f spd;
cs;thq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk; vdTk;> trjpAs; s kyry$lk; > jukhd Njitfis czu; e ; J nra; t jhf
khw; W j; j pwid fhuzkhff; fhl; b nraw;if mgatq;fspd; mika Ntz;Lk;.
epuhfupf;ff; $lhJ vd;W fpilg ; g dTj; jd; i k Nghd; w d
mwptpf;fg;gl;L cs;s NghJkhditahf kw;Wk;
NghjpYk; > ,d; D k; ,yq; i fapy; jukhditahff; fhzg; g lhik>
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfis khw; W j; j pwd; nfhz; l egu; f s;
njhopy;fspy; ,izf;Fk; jd;dpr;irahf jq;fsJ Njitfis

fy;tp fw;Fk; xUtUf;F ghl
uPjpahd nraw;ghLfis
Nkw; n fhs; s cjtyhk; my; y J
mtu;fs; rhu;e;j Jiwfspy;
cjtyhk;. fy;tp uPjpahd
n r a w ;g h L fS f ;F m t u ; fS f;F
Kd; D upik toq; f g; g l Ntz; L k; .
mNjNtis> gy; N tW njuptpy; rpy
rYiffs; cz;L vd;gJk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tplakhFk;.
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfshd
khztu; f Sf; F fy; t p fpilf; f g;
n g w ; wh Yk ; N t i y v d; g J r p y
r k a q ; fs py ; v l ;l h f ; f d p a h -
fNt ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.
Mtu; f spd; Ntiyfis g+u; j ; j p
nra;tjpy; r%fk;> jw;NghJ
gpd;dilitNa re;jpj;J
tUfpd;wJ. mtu;fSf;fhf ghlrhiyapy; gLtjpy;iy. Fiwfs; Rl;bf;
m t u ;fS f ; fh d c u pi k fis gzpGupAk; Mrpupau; f Sf; F fhl;lg;gl;L Xuq;fl;lg;
ngw; W f; nfhLj; j y; vd; g J vk; jFe;j gapw;rpfis mspj;J > gLfpd; w dwdu; . ,jdhy; mtu; f s;
midtupd; flik vDk; tifapy; fw; g pj; j iy ,yFgLj; j Ntz; L k; . gy; N tWgl; l kd cisr; r Yf; F
ehk; midtUk; nghWg; G f; $w ,jw; f hf jw; NghJ fy; t paw; fy; Y } Mshfpd;wdu;.
flik gl; L s; N shk; . mtu; f Sk; upfspy; Mrpupau; gapYdHfSf;F khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; gyu; vk;
,r; r%fj; j py; mq; f j; j tHfs; gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gl;L r%fj;jpy; rhjpj;Js;sdu;.
vd;w uPjpapy;> mtu;fspd; tUfpd; w ik Fwpg; g plj; j f;f J. ,J vdNt> khw; W j; j pwdhspfspd;
nraw;ghLfSf;F Kd;Dupik ghuhl;lj;jf;f ,yq;if jpwikfis ,dq;fz;L>
toq; f p> mtu; f is Cf; f g; g Lj; j y; murhq; f j; j pd; eltbf; i f MFk; . mtu;fSf;F if nfhLj;J
Ntz; L k; . fy; t p fw; g tu; f Sf; F ,NjNghy; khw;Wj; mtu;fis Cf;fg;gLj;jp>
fy ;t p u Pj pa h d m D$yq ;fis jpwdhspfSf;fhd Ng&e;J mtu; fSila tho; T rpwg; G ila
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. trjpfs; > rhiyfs; > ehw; f hypfs; vk;khyhd Kaw;rpfisAk;
vd;gd mikf;fg;gl;L> Nkw;nfhz;L> mtu;fSk; ,r; r%
mtu;fSf;fhd mq;fPfhuk; fj; j pd; Xu; mq; f j; j tu; vd; w
KOikahf toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vz;zk; NkNyhq;f ehk;
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfis midj;J xt;nthUtUk; Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.
tpisahl; L f; f spYk; Cf; F tpj; J >
mjw; f hd tpjpKiwfis jsu; j ; j p
mtu; f Sf; N fw; g khw; w paikf; f
Ntz; L k; . ,njw; n fd cyfshtpa
uP j papy; guh xypk; g pf; Nghl; b fs;
elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf
xt;nthU ehLk; jkJ tPu>
tP u hq; f idfis jahu; gLj; j y; kpf
mtrpakhdjhFk;.
mjpfkhd khw; W j; j pwdhspfs;
r % f g ; g p u r ; r i d fS f ;F K fq ;
nfhLg; gjdhy;> mtu; fs; tho;t py;
gpd;dilit re;jpf;f NeupLfpd;wJ. rghdh
khw; W j; jpwdhspfs; r%fj; j py; tpNrl fy;tp ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
KOikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg; SP/237

ru; t Njr tpisahl; L vd; W $Wk; mstpw; F ,yl; r ; r f; f zf; f hd ,ufrpaq; f is
jd;dbikahf;fpf; nfhz;l ,d;iwa gpugy;akhd tpisahl;Lf;fspy; xd;W fpupf;nfl;.
me;jtpisahl;by; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfspd; gq;fspg;ig vk;khy; kwe;Jtpl KbahJ.me;j
tifapy; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;F vd;Nw fpupf;nfl; mzpfSk; mt; mzpfSf;fpilapyhd
Nghl; b fSk; ,d; W cyfshtpa uP j papy; eilngw; W tUfpd; w J vd; g J vk; k py; midtUk;
mwpe;j cz;ikNa. Mdhy; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Nfl;ly; FiwghL cilNahUf;F kl;Lk; cupj;jhd
fpupf;nfl; njhlu;fs; elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;gJ ek;kpy; vj;jid NgUf;Fj; njupAk;.
fhJ NfshNjhu; fpupf; n fl; vd; g J fhJ NfshNjhu; kw; W k; rpwpjsT nrtpj; j pwd;
cs;stHfSf;fhd fpupf;nfl; Nghl;bahFk;. fhJ NfshNjhHfhd KjyhtJ fpupf;nfl; njhlu;
1895 Mk; Mz; b y; mT]; j pNuypahtpy; eilngw; w J.,J njw; F mT]; j pNuypahtpw; F k;
tpf; Nlhupahtpw; Fk; ,ilapy; khepyq; fSf; F ,ilapyhd Kjy; fhJNfshNjhu; fpupf; n fl;
Nghl;b eilngw;wJ.
fhJNfshNjhUf;fhd Kjy; nl];l; Nghl;bj;njhlu; 1992Mk; Mz;by;
mT]; j pNuypahtpw; F k; ,q; f pyhe; j pw; F k ,ilapy; eilngw; w J. ,jpy; njhlf; f nl]; l ;
Nghl; bapy; mT]; jpNuypah ,q; fpyhe; ij 10 tpf; nfl; tpj; jpahrj; jpy; Njhw; fbj; jJ. NkYk;
nl];l; njhlupy; mT];jpNuypah 5-0 vd;w ntw;wpf; fzf;fpy; ,q;fpyhe;J mzpia xapl;Nlhtu;
nra;jJ.
,t; t hwhd fhJ NfshNjhUf; f hd fpupf; n fl; Nghl; b fis b.I.rp.rp epu; t fpf; f pwJ.
b.I.rp.rp vd;gJ fhJ NfshNjhUf;fhd rHtNjr fpupf;nfl; fTd;]py; MFk;. ,J cyfstpy;
fhJNfshNjhu; fpupf;nfl;il Nkk;gLj;jTk; Cf;Ftpf;fTk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.,J me;j tifapy;
xt; n thU ehLfspy; eilngw; w %d; W fhJ NfshNjhu; fpupf; n fl; cyf Nfhg; i gfis
ehlj;jpAs;sJ.
fhJNfshNjhupd; fpupf;nfl;il Kd;Ndw;Wk; Nehf;fpy; fhJ
NfshNjhUf;fhd ,q;fpyhe;J fpupf;nfl; rq;fk;> nky;Nghd; fhJ NfshNjhu; fpupf;nfl; fpyg;
(vk;.b.rp.rp>)>NfshNjhu; mfpy ,e;jpa fpupf;nfl; rq;fk; Nghd;w gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs; nraw;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ.
fhJ NfshNjhUf; f hd Njrpa mzpnahd; iw ,yq; ifAk; jd; trk; nfhz; Ls; s J
vd;gJ ngUikf;Fupa tplakhFk;.NkYk; gfp];jhd;> ,q;fpyhe;J> mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w eh-
LfspYk; fhJ NfshNjhUf;fhd Njrpa mzpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
fhJNfshNjhu; fpupf;nfl; cyfNfhg;ig 2018 Mk; Mz;L filrpahf eilngw;wJ.NkYk;
md;W njhl;L ,d;W tiu fhJNfshNjhu; fpupf;nfl; tsu;r;rpaile; J tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf; f
xUtplakhFk;.
V.vd;.vg;.kPdh
SP/227
fhJ NfshNjhu; JLg;ghl;lk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Mq;fhq;Nf rpupg;Gfs;..
Muthuk; epiwe;j fijfs;.. fdpthd rpupg;G..
rpy fpz;ly;fs;.. fs;sk; ,y;yhf; Foe;ijAld; ..
rpW rz;ilfs;.. mtsUfpy; Br;ru;..
KZKZf;Fk; ghly;fs;.. md;ghd irifapy;..
KOtJk; rj;jq;fs;.. vOJNthkh vd;W..
Mfh..
Nrh vd;w kio Xa;e;jJ Nghy;.. Mde;jk; nghq;f..
rpy fzq;fs; eprg;jk;.. rpupf;fpwJ me;j gpQ;R Kfk;..
Vdpe;j jpBu; mikjp..
mq;Nf... Gd;difapy; epiwe;j ke;jpuk;..
tFg;giwapd; thrypy; xU cUtk;.. GJ cw;rhfk; ju..
tjdk; epiwe;j rpupg;Gld;.. Mjutha; mtSld; irif nkhopfs;..
MMM.. GJ Br;ru; vd;wJ xU Fuy;.. Mu;ghl;lk; ,y;yh rpy nehbfs;..
Mu;tk; epiwe;j fz;fs;.. tpiutpy; vOjp..
Miraha; Ngr;Rf;fs;.. tpW tpWntd ePl;Lifapy;..
,U Nfs;tpfs;.. tFg;giwNa mtis Nehf;f..
,ilapy; xU ghu;it..
Kjy; tupirapy;.. ntw;wpf; fspg;gpy; rpy epkplk;..
Kfk; KOJk; Nrhf khakha;.. tpNrl fy;tpapd; tpj;ijah..
tpae;jJ cs;sk;..
Br;rupd; tpopfs; mtis Muha.. tpz;izj; njhl;l kfpo;r;rpapy;..
Fiwfs; ,y;iyNa.. tpiutha; mtisj;
Fog;gk; Nkypl.. jl;bf; nfhLj;J.. tp. tpe;J]h
“tha; Ngr khl;lhs;" ntw;wp eilAld; tpNrlfy;tp
gf;fj;jpypUe;J gjpy;.. Br;ru;.. ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/221
Mq;fhq;Nf rpupg;Gf;fs;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

r%fj;jpd; ghh;itapy; typg;G Neha;; nrd;whh;fs;. mjd; gpwFjhd;>
fhy;> if typg;igj;jhd; ehk; mtUld; tUifje;j egh;
jkpopy; fhf;fh typg;G vd;W mt;tplj;jpw;F te;jhh;. mg;NghJ mtu;
nrhy;fpNwhk;. ekJ %is ifapy; xU ,Uk;Gf;NfhY}k;
kpd;dZ cWg;ghFk;. ,jid fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;w xU
kpd;dZ n[dNul;lu; vdTk; %lek;gpf;ifahf typg;G te;jtUf;F ,Uk;G nfhLj;jhy;
$wyhk;. ,jpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; Fiwe;jsT kpd;rf;jp jhd; rupahfptpLk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fs;. typg;G jhdhfNt
ek;ik ,af;fitf;fpd;wJ. ,Jkl;Lky;yhky;> ehk; ghh;f;f> epd;why; jtpu ,Uk;igf; nfhLj;J typg;ig epWj;jptpl
Urpf;f > Nfl;f > czu > urpf;f vd midj;J KbahJ. mjdhy; ,J Nghd;w nghUl;fis typg;G Vw;gLk;
nray;fSf;Fk; ,jpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; kpd;rf;jp NghJ Nehahspapd; ifapy; jpzpf;ff; $lhJ.
fhuzkhFk;. Vd;? ek;ik ehk; czu;tjw;Fk; ,e;j mJkl;Lk;ky;yhJ> ,d;Dk; rpyu; typg;G Neha; Vw;gl;ltupd;
kpd;rf;jpjhd; fhuzkhFk;. thapypUe;J EiuntsptUtij jLg;gjw;F kw;Wk; typg;G
VNjDk; xU fhuzj;jpdhy; %isapy; ,e;j kpd; cw;gj;jp Nehia epWj;Jtjw;fhfTk; ntq;fhaj;jpd; rhw;iw
mjpfkhFk; NghJ mJ typg;G Nehahf ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fspd; thapy; Cw;WtJ my;yJ gUff; nfhLg;gJ xU
typg;G Neha;fspy; gy tiffs; cz;L. mjw;F gy tifahd %lek;gpf;ifahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fhuzq;fs; cz;L. gpwe;j Foe;ij Kjy; Kjpatu; xUtUf;F typg;G Vw;gLk; NghJ mtupd; Nkyhilfisj;
tiu ,e;j Nehapdhy; ghjpg;gilthu;fs;. ,jw;F jsu;j;jptpl;L mtiu xU Gwkhf jpUg;gp gLf;f itf;f
Fwpg;gpl;l taJ tuk;G fpilahJ. gpwe;j Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf ve;jtpj typg;G NehAk; XupU
Foe;ijfSf;Fk;> rpWth;fSf;Fk;> Cl;lrj;J FiwghL > epkplq;fspy; epd;WtpLk;. NkYk; typg;G Vw;gl;ltiu
kugZ uPjpahd Neha;fs;> %isapy; Vw;gLk; nkdpd;i cldbahf mUfhikapy; cs;s kUj;Jtkidf;F nfhz;L
[l;lPd; vdg;gLk; njhw;W fhuzkhfTk; typg;G Neha; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
cz;lhfpd;wJ. thypgu;fs; kw;Wk; Kjpatu;fSf;F rhiy typg;G Neha; xU kdNeha; my;y. Kiwahd kUj;Jt
tpgj;Jf;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; ,uj;j Xl;l FiwghL> rpfpr;irapd; %ykhf Fzg;gLj;jp> typg;G Neha;
Gifg;gpbj;jy; kw;wk; kJ mUe;Jjy; Nghd;w gy;NtW cs;sth;fSk; xU rhjhuz ,ay;G tho;ifiaj;
fhuzq;fspdhYk; cz;lhfpd;wJ. njhluyhk;. typg;G Neha;f;F kugZf;fs; xU
typg;G Nehia KOikahf fhuzkhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; nghJthf 95 rjtPjk; ,J xU
Fzg;gLj;jKbAk;. Neha;f;fhd guk;giu Neha; my;y. xU MZf;Nfh my;yJ ngz;Zf;Nfh
fhuzj;ij mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g typg;G Neha; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vd;why; jpUkzk; nra;tjpy;
kUe;Jfis cl;nfhs;tjpdhy; 70 r%fj;jpy; Xu; gpd;dilT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUkzk;
Kjy; 80 rjtPj typg;G Neha;fs; KOikahf FzkilAk;. nra;tjd; %yk; jdJ guk;giuf;Nf typg;G Neha; Vw;gLk;
NkYk; 20 Kjy; 30 rjtPj typg;G Neha;fis mWit vd;w kdepiy mtu;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wNjh vd;dNth?
rpfpr;irapd; %ykhfTk; Fzg;gLj;jyhk;. typg;G NkYk; typg;G Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; jpUkzk;
Neha;fhd fhuzq;fis rp.b.];Nfd;> vk;.Mu;.I.];Nfd;> Guptjpy; ve;j jilAkpy;iy. NgWfhyj;jpd; NghJ
%yk; fz;lwpfpd;Nwhk;. mJkl;Lky;yhJ ngl; ];Nfd; > kUj;Jtiu mZfp mjw;Fz;lhd mNyhridfisAk;
tPbNah Nghd;w mjp etPd rhjdq;fspdhYk; Jy;ypakhf jw;fhg;G KiwfisAk; gpd;gw;wpdhy; 95 rjtPjk;
Neha;f;fhd fhuzq;fiss fz;lwpayhk;. Rfg;gpurtk; Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L. NkYk; ,t;thwhd %l
kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; %lek;gpf;if ek;gpf;iffis r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J mfw;w Ntz;baJ
Nga;> gprhRfspdhy; typg;G Neha; tUtjpy;iy. Kf;fpakhdnjhU filikahFk;.
xUtUf;F typg;G Vw;gLk; NghJ ifapy; fj;jp> Xt;nthU tUlKk; etk;gh; 17Mk; jpfjp ru;tNjr typg;G
rhtp> ,ju ,Uk;G nghUl;fspid nfhLg;gjpdhy; mJ Neha; tpopg;Gzu;T jpdkhf mD];bf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
FiwahJ. khwhf> ,jdhy; typg;G Vw;gl;ltUf;F Mgj;J ,t;thwhd tpopg;Gzu;T jpdq;fspy; kf;fsplk;
Vw;glyhk;. ehd; vd; fz;$lhfNt ghu;j;jpUf;fpNwd;. xU fhzg;gLfpd;w typg;G Neha; gw;wpa %l
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; xUtUf;F typg;G Vw;gl;l re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ek;gpf;iffis ,y;yhnjhopf;f ,e;j tpopg;Gzu;it
mtUld; te;jtu; vijNah gjl;lj;Jld; mtru mtrukhf vy;NyhuplKk; gfpu;e;J typg;G
NjLtijf; fz;Nld;. mtu; ePz;l NeukhfpAk; tifahd % NehAs;stu;fisAk; rkkhf vk;.vr;.mkhDy;yh`;
lek;gpf;ifahfNt fhzg;gLmt;tplj;jpw;F tUif kjpj;J GjpanjhU cyif tpNrl fy;tp
juhjjhy; typg;G te;jtUf;F mUfpypUe;jtu;fs; mtiu cUthf;FNthk;. ,uz; lhk; tUlk;
xU Kr;rf;fu tz;bapy; Vw;wp kUj;Jtkidf;F mioj;J SP/228
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; typg;G Neha;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00
, t ; T y f p d h y ; vt;tsTjhd; xLf;fg;gl;lhYk; x J f ; f g ; g l ; l h Y k ; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; clystpyj;jhd;
mq;ftPdkhdtu;fNs xopa kdjstpy; my;y vd;gJ frg;ghd cz;ikahFk;. mtu;fis miof;Fk; ngaupNyNa jkff;hd
milahsj;ij nfhzl; khWg;gl;l jpwd;fis nfhz;ltu;fs; jhd; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; vd;gij gyUk; rpe;jpff; jtwptpl;ldu;.
me; jtifapy; > mtu; fspd; Njitfis G+u; j; jp nra; a VidNahupy; jq; fp epy;y hJ jhkhfNt Rakhf nraw;gLtjw; fhd
kdtypikia toq;Fk; Cd;WNfhshFk; gy;NtW tpNrl cgfuzq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW khw;Wj;jpwdhspfspd;
,ayhik vd;Dk; Nrhjidia Kwpabj;J tho;tpy; rhjidfis Gupa Jizepw;Fk; cgfuzq;fis ehKk; mwpNthk;.
nts;isg; gpuk;G (White cane)
nts; i sg; gpuk; G vd; g J ghu; i taw; N whu; my; y J ghu; i tf; F iwghLs; N shu;
gad;gLj;jf;$ba Xu; rhjdkhFk;. ghu;it Gydw;Nwhu; VidNahupd; Jizapd;wp
elf;Fk;NghJ> ghijapYs;s jilfis mwptjw;F ,J ngupJk; cjTfpd;wJ ,jd;
gpujhd Nehff;k; ghu;itaw;Nwhupd; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;tjhFk;. VidNahUf;F
ghu; i tg; Gydw; N whiu milahsk; fz; L nfhs; t jw; F k; > mtu; f Sf; f hd
MjuitAk; ghJfhg; i gAk; toq; F tjw; f hd tpopg; Gzu; i tAk; ,t; n ts; isg;
gpuk;ghdJ toq;Ffpd;wJ. jw;NghJ cyfshtpa etPd tsu;r;rpAld; gy;Ntwhd
etPd nts;isg; gpuk;Gfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mt;thwhd xU etPdj;Jtk;
tha;e;j xU nts;isg; gpuk;Ng> NO JAB WHITE CANE MFk;. ,t; nts;isg; gpuk;ghdJ
50 mq;Fyk; ePsj;Jld; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jd; rpwg;gk;rk; ahnjdpy;> nrk;kwpj; Njhypdhy; %lg;gl;bUf;Fk; mjpu;r;rpfis
cwpQ;rf;$ba tifapyhd ifg;gpbNa MFk;. mjhtJ> ghu;itg; Gydw;w xUtu;
,t; nts; i sg; gpuk; g pd; JizAld; ghijapy; elfi; fapy; xU
$u;ikahd nghUs; ,g;gpuk;gpd; kPJ jl;Lg;gLkhapd;> Rkhu; 5 mq;Fyq;fis
kPlnlLj; J jhdhfNt ,ay; G epiyf; Fj; jpUk; Gk; . ,e; j 5 mq; Fy ePsj; ijf;
nfhz;l gpd;dilthdJ 80% mjpu;r;rpia cwpQ;Rk;. ,t;thW 80% mjpu;r;rpia
cwpQ;Rtjd; fhuzkhf ghu;itaw;Nwhupd; kzpff; l;L myy; J mbtapw;wpy ;
Vw;gLk; jhff; j;jpdpd;Wk; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j NO JAB nts;isg; gpuk;ghdJ>
ghu; itaw; N whupd; ghijapYs; s jilfspy ; ,Ue; J ghJfhj; J mtu; f spd;
gazj;jpy; Kd;Ndwpr; nryy; ngupJk; cjTfpd;wJ.
gpnua;y; ];Nyl; kw;Wk; ];ily];

(Braille Slate & Stylus)
Y}ap]; gpnua;y; vd;gtuhy ; fz; Lgpbff; g;gl; l ghu; itg; Gydw;NwhUff;hd vOj; J
Kiw N a g pn u a; y; vOj;J Kiw ah F k; . ,t; vOj; J Kiw ia vOJt jw ; F
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjdq;fNs gpnua;y; ];Nyl; kw;Wk; ];ily]; MfpadthFk;.
tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fas;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

gpnua; y ; ]; N yl; fs; cNyhfk; myy; J gpsh]; b ff; pdhy ; jahupff; g; gLfpwJ. xU rhjhuz 8.5 mq; F y fhfpjj; j pw; fhf
tbtikff; g;gl;l xU ];Nyl; xt;nthU tupirapYk; 28 fyq;fisf; nfhzL; cUthff;g;gLfpd;wJ. ];Nyl;bd; gpd;Gwj;jpy ;
CrpfSk; ,LiffSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ];Nyl;bd; Kd;Gwk; nrt;tf [d;dy;fisf ; nfhz;like;Js;sJ. mit gpd;Gwj;jpy;
cs; s gpnua; y ; nry; f s; kP J nghUe; J fpd; w d. xt; n thU rhsuj; j pd; cs; tpspk; G k; MW cs; j s; s y; f Sld;
fhzg;gLtjhy;, ];ilyi] rupahf epiyepWj;jp XU Gs;spia cUthff;Tk; cjTfpd;wJ.
]; i ly]; vd; g J Rkhu; 2 mq; F y eP s j; J ld; $bajhFk.; ,J gpnua; y ; vOj; J ff; is ]; N yl; b y ; vOJtjw; F
gad; g Lj; j g; g Lk; . ,J Ms; f hl; b tpuy; kw; W k; fl; i l tpuyhy ; cWjpahfTk; , trjpahfTk; gpbj; J vOJtjw; F Vw; w
tifapyhd xU ifg;gpbAld; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpnua;y; Gs;spfis nghwpf;Fk; tifapy ; cNyhfg; Gs;spiaAk;
nfhzb Uf;Fk;. gpnua;y; ];ily] ; kw;Wk; ];Nyl;il khj;jpuNk nfhzL; jkff;hd vOj;Jff; is mwpe;J nfhzb; Ue;j
ghu;itaw;NwhUfF; njhopDl;g tsu;r;rpAld; ,d;W gpnua;y; ];khu;l; fbfhunkhd;W cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sik rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
„lhl;‟ vd; W ngaupl; L cUthff; g; g l; L s; s ,f; fbfhuk; cyfpy;
ghu;itaw;NwhUff; hd Kjy ; ];khu;l; fbfhukhFk;. ,e;etPd fbfhukhdJ
`hg;bf; njhopDl;gj;jpd; ( Haptic Technology) mbg;gilapy; cUthff;
g;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f ; fbfhukhdJ Neuk; mwpjy;, topfhl;Ljy;, mwptpg;Gff;
isg; gjpT nra;jy;, FWQ;nra;jp mDg;Gjy;, g;S^j; trjp Nghd;w gyN;
tW rpwg;ghd trjpfis ghu;itaw;NwhUf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.
lhl; fbfhuj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUfF; k; ehd;F nryf; spd; Nky; ,Uf;Fk; 24
kOq; f pa Crpfspd; %yNk midj; J nraw; g hLfSk; elf; f pd; w J.
thu; j; i jfSf; N fw; g ,e; j Crpfspy; Vw; g Lk; Vw; w ,wf; fq; fspd; %yk;
nra; j p mwpag; g Lj; j g; g Lfpd; w J. ,e; j fbfhuj; i j GS^j; %yk; jdJ
ifg;NgrpAld; ,izj;Jf ; nfhz;lhy;, mjpy ; tUk; FWQ;nra;jpfisf ;
$l ,e; j ]; k hu; l ; ifg; N grpapy ; gbff; yhk; . mj;Jld; Gj;jfq;fisAk; gbff; yhk;.
Nfl;ly; fUtp (Hearing Aids)

fhjpDs; Vw; g lf; $ ba Neha; j; n jhw; W > jiyapy ; Vw; g Lk; gyj; j fhaq; fs;
Gwr; nrtpapd; VNjDnkhU gFjpia jhf; Fjy ; myy; J ghupastpyhd ntb
rj;jq; fs; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; Nfl;Fk; jpwd; ghjpg;G milAkhapd; mJNt fhJ
Nfshik FiwghL vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t; t hwhd fhJ Nfshik FiwghLfs; gy fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. mtw; W s; >

KOikahd Kiwapy; Fzg; gLj; j Kbahj fyg; G f; ; flj; jy; fhJ Nfshik
cilNahNu Nfs; fUtpfis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
kpd; fyj; jpd; cjtpAld; ,aq; ff; $ ba xU kpd; d Z fUtpNa ,f ; Nfl; ly;
fUtpahFk;. ,f ; Nfs; fUtpapDs; fhzg;gLk; xU rpwpa xyp thq;fpapDlhfNt
xypiag; ngw; W xyp miyfs; kpd; rkpfi; Qfshf khw; wg; gLfpd; wd. ,e; j
rkpf;iQfis xyp ngUf;fpahdJ mjpfupff; r; nra;J xypngUf;fpapd; %yk; fhJ
GwfF; ohapDs; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. kpd; rkpfi; Qfs; kPzL; k; xyp miyfshf
khw;wg; g Lfpd;wd. ,ff; Utpapd; Clhf cs;thq;fg;gLk; xypapd;
mstpid ,f;fUtpapy ; mike; J s; s xU rpwpa rf; f u tbt xypf ;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpapd; %yk; xOq;FgLj;jyhk;.

fhJ cl;gjpaf; fUtp (Cochlear implant)
j w ; N g h J g pwg;g pNyN a N fl;ly ; F iwgh l; Lld; gpw f;F k;
Foe; i jfis mbg; gilapNyNa Fzg; gLj; Jtjw; nfd; Nw fhJ
c l; g j p a f; f U t p vd ; D k; j d p j; J t k h d N fl; l y ; fU t p
tbtikf; f g; g l; L s; s J. gpwtpNyNa Nfl; l y; jpwid ,oe; j
Foe;ijfSf;F fhfs; pau; ,k;gpshd;l; (Cochlear implant) vdg;gLk;
,e;etPd fUtp rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Foe;ij gpwe;J MW khjj;jpw;Fs; gps;isfF; Vw;gl;Ls;s Nfl;ly;
jpwd; Fiwghl;L epiyia mwpe;J 5 tajpw;Fs; ,ff; Utp rj;jpu
rpfpr;ir Kiwapy ; nghUj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.mt;thW Fwpg;gpl;l fhy
vy;iyf;Fs; nghUj;jpdhy ; khj;jpuNk Foe;ijf;F Nfl;Fk; jpwNdhL, NgRk; jpwidAk; cUthff; KbAk;. Mdhy;
,f;fUtp nghUj;jg;gl;l Foe;ijfF; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F njhlu;r;rpahf Ngr;R xypfis czUk; gapw;rpfs; (Audio Verbal
Therapy) toq;fg;gLk; gl;rj;jpNy Foe;ijfF; Nfl;Fk; xypfis czuitj;J mij njhlu;e;J NgrTk; topfhl;l KbAk;.
,t;thW gpwg;gpNyNa Nfl;Fk; jpwid ,oe;j Foe;ijfSf;F gbg;gbahd Kiwapy; mf;Fiwghl;il eptu;j;jp nra;tjw;F
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,ff; UtpahdJ Nfl;ly ; Fiwghl;Lld; gpwf;Fk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; tug;gpurhjNkahFk;.
rf;fu ehw;fhypfs; (Wheel Chairs)

jirr; rpijT> KJFj; jzL; tl ghjpg; G Nghd; w Neha; epiyikfs; fhuzkhf elg; g jpy; ,ayhikAila
khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSf;Fk;> Rakhf elg;gjpy; rpukk; nfhzl; NehahspfSf;Fk; cjTk; tifapy; cUthff; g;gl;l xU
tpNrlkhd ehw;fhypNa rf;fu ehw;fhypfs; MFk;. ,jd; rpwg;gk;rNk mq;ftPdkhdtu;fSf;F VidNahupd; cjtpapd;wp
tpUk;gpa ,lq;fSfF; efu KbAk; vd;gjhFk;.
kdpj Mw;wypdhy; ,aq;Fgit> kpd;dhw;wypdhy; ,aq;Fgit vd ,U tifahd rf;fu ehw;fhypfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
kdpj Mw; w ypy; ,aq; F k; rff; u ehw; f hypfs; ,uz; l htJ eguhy ; js; s pr; nry; Y k; ; tifapy; rff; u ehw; f hypapd;
gpd;Gwj;jpy; ,uz;L ifg;gpbfs; nfhz;L t bt ikf; fg;
gl;bUf;Fk; myy; J ,t;thwhd rf;fu ehw; fhypapd; rff;uq;fSld;
,izff; g;gl;Ls;s gl;ilfspd; cjtpAld; RakhfTk; efu KbAk;.
Rakhf jk; iffspdhy; rff;u ehw;fhypia ,aff; Kbahjtu;fSfF;
Nkhl;lhu; ,izf;fg;gl;l kpd;dhw;wypy; ,aq;Fk; rf;fu ehw;fhypfs;
kpfTk; gaDilajhFk; .
jw;NghJ rpy rff;u ehw;fhypfs; „\hf ; mg;]hu;gu;‟ vdg;gLk; mjpu;r;rp

Fiwg;ghd;fSlDk; tbtikff; g;gLfpd;wd. gpwg;gpNyNa myy; J
t pg j; J f; fs pd h N y h m q; ft P d kh F k; kh w ; Wj; jpw d h s pfs ;
VidNahUf;F Rikahf khwp> mtu;fs; xJff; g;gl;l fhyk; khwpAs;sJ.VidNahupd; cjtpapd;wp kd typikAld;
mtu; fspd; tho; tpy; ntspr; rj; ij Nehf; fp mb itf; f ,t; thwhd tpNrl cgfuzq; fspd; Njhw; wk; kw; Wk; tsu; r; rp
Nghw;wj;jFe;jjhFk;.
vk;.gp.vg;.g];yh
SP/208

“cdJ tho;tpy; eP
re;jpf;Fk; fbdkhd
Nghuhl;lk; vJ
vd;why;> mJ
ePahf ,Uf;f KaYk;
Nghuhl;lNk”
“mtu;fs; vdJ Fiwfis ghuf;;fpwhu;fs; ehd; vdJ epiwfis ghu;f;fpNwd; mtu;fs; vd;id CdKw;wts; vd;whu;fs; ehd; vd;id khw;Wj;jpwdhsp vd;Nwd;”
Kdpgh k]hup
,d;Wtiu gy Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; cyfpy; tho;e;J nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;> ,Ug;gpDk; ngau;
nrhy;Yk; mstpw;F rhjpj;jtu;fs; vDk; nghOJ xUrpy Fwpg;gpl;l egu;fNs ek; fz;Kd; tUfpdw; du;.
mtu;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdtu;fs; Mz;fNs!. ,t;Tyfpy; xU MNzh ngz;Ndh rhjpg;gJ vd;gJ
fbdkhd xd;whf ,Ug;gpDk; njhlu;e;J Kad;why; KbahjJ vd;gJ xd;wpyi ; y vd;gjw;F rhd;Nw
Njhk]; my;th vbrd.; vdpDk; xU ngz;zhf ,t;Tyfpy; rhjid GuptJ vd;gJ mt;tsT vspjhd fhupak; my;y.
vd;w NghJk; ,t;thW cyfNk ngau; nrhy;Yk; msTf;F gy rhjidfis nra;J tpl;Lr;nrd;w> nra;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w gy ngz;fis ehk; fhzyhk;. mt;thW jd;tho;tpy; NtW ve;jg; ngz;Zk; re;jpj;jpuhj Nrhjidia
mDgtpj;J mtw;iwnay;yhk; kpfg;ngUk; rhjidahf khw;wp ntw;wp ngw;w> ,sk; re;jjpapdupw;F rpwe;j
Kd;Djhuzkhf fhzg;gLfpd;w “,Uk;G ngz;kdp” vd miof;fg;gLk; ghfp];jhd; ehl;bd; gNyh[p];jhd; vd;w
fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;j Kdpgh k]hup kpfr;rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;Nl!.....
1987Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; 3 Mk; jpfjp ghfp];jhd; ehl;bd; gNyh[p];jhd; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy gpwe;jhu; Kdpgh k]hup.
ngz; gps;isfs; vg;nghOJNk nghJthf mg;ghf;fspd; gps;isfNs> je;ijfs; vd;why; mtu;fSf;F capu;> ghuk;gupa
FLk;gnkhd;wpNy gpwe;j ,tUk; je;ijiaNa mjpfk; Nerpj;jhu;. fiyj;Jiwapy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;wtUf;F
jdJ gjpndl;L taJ tiu xU rhjhuz tho;f;if tho;e;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. ,e;epiyapy; mtupd; FLk;gk; mtUf;F
gjpndl;L taJ ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jq;fspw;F tpUg;gkhd egiu jpUkzk; nra;J itf;f KbntLf;fpd;wdu;. mtupw;F
jpUkzj;jpy; nfhQ;rKk; tpUg;gkpy;iy> me;j tpUg;gkpy;yhj epiyapid je;ijaplk; fhl;lhJ mg;gh ghu;j;j Jizia
fl;bf;nfhz;lhu;. jpUkzKk; eilngw;wJ> MapDk; jpUkz tho;f;ifapy; mtu; epidj;jgbNa mj;jpUkz tho;f;if
Kdpgh k]hupf;F kfpo;r;rpahdjhf mikatpy;iy> je;ijf;fhfTk; FLk;gj;jpw;fhftk; tho;e;J te;jhu;.
jpUkzkhfp ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF> xU ehs; fztNuhL fhupNy gazk; xd;W nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhu;> fztupd;
J}f;f fyf;fj;jpdhy;> fhu; gs;sj;jpy; Ngha; tpOe;jJ> mtuJ fztu; Kdpgh k]hupia gw;wp
ftiyg;glhky; mUfpy; cs;s gs;sj;jpy; Fjpj;J jd;id fhg;ghw;wpf;nfhz;lhu;> ,tu; kl;Lk; cs;Ns
ed;whf khl;bf;nfhz;lhu;. me;j 21 tajpy;> Kdpgh krhup jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk;
Klq;fpg;NghapUe;jhH. Nrhfkhd fhu; tpgj;J mtupw;F gy fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ> clk;G
KOtJk; Vuhskhd fhaq;fs; mtUf;F Vw;gl;lJ. mtupd; Kd; if vYk;Gfs;> kzpf;fl;L
vYk;Gfs;> Njhs;gl;il vYk;Gfs;> tpyh vYk;Gfs; vy;yhk; KOtJkhf nehWq;fpg; NghapUe;jd.
mJkl;Lkpd;wp EiuaPuy; kw;Wk; fy;yPuy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. mtuhy; %r;R tplf;$l Kbatpyi ; y>
rpWePufFly; fl;Lg;ghL ,oe;jJ> NkYk; KJFj;jz;Ltl vYk;Gfs; cile;J Kw;WKOjhf nrayw;Wg; NghapUe;jJ.
,t; tpgj;J ele;j ,lkhdJ itj;jparhiy> kUj;Jt Cu;jp trjpfs; ,y;yhj Xu; ,lk; vd;gjdhy; mt;topNa
te;jtu;fspd; cjtpNahL Kdpgh k]hupia fhUf;Fs; ,Ue;J ntspNa vLj;J [Pg; xd;wpd; gpd;Gwk; Vw;wp nfhz;L
nrd;w kUj;Jtkidapy; KjYjtp trjpfs;$l ,y;iy. mq;F “NtW kUj;Jtkidf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;”; vd;w
NghJ mLj;j gazk; Nkw; nfhz;L ,uz;lhtJ nfhz;L nrd;w kUj;Jtkidapy;> Kdpghitg; gupNrhjpj;j
kUj;Jtu;fs; ',tu; ,d;Dk; nfhQ;r Neuj;jpy; ,we;JtpLthu;. rpfpr;ir mspg;gjpy; gadpy;iy” vd;whu;fs;. Vd;w NghJk;
%d;whtjhf> fuhr;rpapy; cs;s xU kUj;Jtkidf;Ff; nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;lhu; Kdpgh. xUtopahf mq;Nf rpfpr;ir
Muk;gpj;jJ.
tpgj;jpdhy;; jd; clk;gpy; xU gFjp neUq;fpAk; kw;iwa gFjp nrayw;Wk; ,Ue;jij czu;e;J
nfhz;lhu; Kdpgh k]hup. itj;jparhiyapy; ,uz;liu khjq;fs; jPtpu rpfpr;irapy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL> cly; KOtJk; epiwa mWit rpfpr;irfSk;> iffs; kw;Wk; KJfpy;
mjpfsthd ill;lhdpak; ,Uk;GfSk; nghUj;jg;gl;L ,uz;L Mz;L jPtpu rpfpr;ir> %d;W ngupa
mWit rpfpr;ir> ,uz;L rpwpa mWit vd;gd toq;fg;gl;ld. rpfpr;irapd; NghJ> mtuJ cly;epiy
Fwpj;J mtuJ kUj;JtH njhlu;e;J Nkhrkhd nra;jpfisf; nfhLj;jhu;. kUj;Jtupd; Kjy;
mjpu;r;rpahd nra;jp vd;dntd;why;> mtuJ iffs; kw;Wk; Njhs;fspy; gyj;j fhaq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;
mtshy; kPz;Lk; Xtpak; tiua KbahJ.
cs;sk; epkpu;r;jhy; CdKk; Fd;Wk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

,uz;lhtJ mjpu;r;rpfukhd nra;jp MWjy; thu;j;ijfis $wpdhu;. mij mopj;Jtpl;L
KJFj; jz;by; vd;dhy; ,e;j kuzg; gLf;ifapy; rf;fu ehw;fhypapy;
Vw;gl;l fhaj;jhy; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ehd; VjhtJ nra;a cs;s ngz;
mtshy; elf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehd; khw Ntz;Lk; vd ,t;thW nra;jhy;
KbahJ vd;gJjhd;> kpFe;j jplj;Jf;F kj;jpapy; xU kw;wtu;fs; vd;d
mj;Jld; %d;whtJ Xtpaj;ij jPlb
; Kbj;jhu;. mJ mtuJ epidg;ghu;fs; vd
mtSf;F kpfTk; kuzg;gLf;ifapy; Muk;gpj;jJ. mjid vz;zpdhu;.
Ntjidahd nra;jp Mdhy; mLj;j fzNk> ehd; Vd;
vd;d ntd;why;> “vdf;Fs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; jP vd;idr; kw;wtu;fSf;fhf tho Ntz;Lk;.
mtshy; Foe;ij ngw;nwLf;f KbahJ Rw;wp ,Uf;Fk; jPiatplg; vdf;F gpbj;jthW ehd; vd;Dila
vd;gJ Fwpg;ghf ,e;jr; nra;jp mts; gpufhrkhf ,Ug;gjhy;jhd; ehd; tho;f;ifia thoNtz;Lk; vd;W
,jaj;jpid kpfTk; nehWf;fpaJ ,dp ,d;Dk; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpNwd;”;. kPz;Lk; ypg;];bf; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;lhu;
rf;fuehw;fhyp jhd; Jiz oooooooooooo Kdpgh k]hup. mtUf;Fs; ,Ue;j
vd;whdJ…… gaq;fis vy;yhk; gl;baypl;lhu;.
mtw;iw vy;yhk; jhz;b> ,d;iwf;Fg; mtupd; Kjy; gak; jdJ fztupd;
gyUf;Fj; jd;dk;gpf;if cjhuzkhf tpthfuj;J. ,jdhy; Kdpgh k]hup.
Kdpgh ,Uf;ff; fhuzk;> mtupd; jha;. jd; fztupd; ,uz;lhtJ
mtu;jhd; Kdpghit Cf;Ftpj;Jf; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ> “cd; jpUkzk;
nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhu;. Kdpghthy; vdf;F kfpo;r;rpiaj; jUfpwJ.
,dpFoe;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ> tho;j;Jf;fs;" vd;W FWQ;nra;jp
elf;fTk; KbahJ vd;W nrhy;yptpl mDg;gp me;j gaj;jpy; ,Ue;J
mtUf;Ff; fhy;fshfr; nray;gl;ltu; tpLgl;lhu;.
mtu; jhahu;jhd;. mLj;J mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ gakhd
,e;epiyapy; jhd; jdJ je;ijia jd;dhy; mk;khthf KbahJ vd;gjpy;
re;Njhrkhf;f ve;j tplaj;jpw;F ,Ue;J tpLgl> xU Foe;ijiaj;
fOj;ij ePl;bdhNsh> ahNuhL jj;njLf;f KbTnra;J mjw;fhd
gazkhfp ,e;j epiyf;F MshdhNyh> gjpTfisAk; nra;jhu;. ,uz;L
me;j gf;fkpUe;Nj xU Jd;gk; ghu;j;J midtUk; ghuhl;bdu;. Mz;Lfs; fopj;J
mtSf;F Neu;e;jJ. eP vjw;Fk; ,uz;liu khjq;fSf;Fg; gpwF mtUf;F miog;G
gpuNahrdkw;wts;> mjdhy; cd;id itj;jparhiyapypUe;J tPl;Lf;Fr; te;jJ. 'ghfp];jhdpy;
gpupa Kbntj;Js;Nsd;> tpthfuj;J nrd;whYk;> mq;F Rkhf ,uz;L gpwe;J ,uz;Nl
gj;jpuj;jpy; ifnahg;gkpL vd;W tUlq;fis gLf;ifapNyNa fopj;jhu;. ehw;fshd Mz;
nrhy;yp fztu; tpthfuj;J Nfhupdhu;. me;j ,uz;L tUlq;fspy;> jd; Foe;ij xd;Ws;sJ.
tpthfuj;J Ntz;lhnkd;gJ> [d;dypd; topahf FUtpfspd; ePq;fs;tpUk;gpdhy;
jdf;F ,Uf;Fk; ek;gpf;if jhd; rj;jj;ijAk;> kdpju;fspd; me;jg;gps;isiaj;
vd;d? vd vz;zp ifnahg;gk; elkhl;lj;ijAk; ghu;j;J kdpju;fs; jj;njLf;fyhk;”vd;whu;fs;.cldbahf
itj;jhu;> fztDf;F tpLjiy vy;yhk; vt;tsT nfhLg;gpidNahL rk;kjk; njuptpj;J me;jf; Foe;ijia
nfhLj;jhu;. ntWk; xd;gJ tUlNk tho;fpwhu;fs; vd;gijAk;> Mdhy; jj;njLj;jhu; Kdpgh. vy;yh trjpfSk;
thof;if> 27 tajpNy mJ Kwpe;J mjid kdpju;fs; vtUk; Gupe;J cs;stu;fNs jj;njLg;Gf;Fj; jaq;Fk;
NghdJ> ,jw;fpilapy; Kdpgh nfhs;tjpy;iyvd;gijAk; czu;e;jhu; NghJ> cly; uPjpahfTk; kduPjpahfTk;
k]hupapd; je;ijAk; mtu;fspd; Kdpgh k]hup. rpf;fy;fis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Kdpgh> xU
FLk;gj;ij tpl;Ltpl;L nrd;Wtpl;lhu;. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; ,uz;liu khj Foe;ijiaj; jj;njLj;jJ mtupd;
,jdhy; ftiyapd; cr;rj;jpy; jd; gLf;iff;F xU tpbTfhyk; fpilj;jJ. jd;dk;gpf;iff;Fk; jha;ik
mk;khtplk;> “Vd; vdf;F kl;Lk; Mk; gLf;ifapypUe;J rf;fu czu;Tf;Fk; rpwe;j cjhuzk;.
,t;thW elf;fpd;wJ. vy;yhtw;iwAk; ehw;fhypf;F khwpdhu;. mtu; jd;id jdJ ,Wjp gakhd kf;fis
,oe;J ,dp ehd; capu;tho Ntz;Lkh" fz;zhbapy; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;L> vd; re;jpg;gJ vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl
vd Njk;gp mOjhu;. ,jw;F mtuJ tho;tpy; VjhtJ mjprak; epfOk; xt;nthU njhiyf;fhl;rpfSf;Fk; Neu;
mk;kh> “,JTk; fle;J NghFk;. vd ,dp fhj;jpUf;f KbahJ. vd;id Kfj;Nju;tpw;F nrd;whu;. mtupd;
,iwtd; cdf;fhf kpfg;ngUk; ehd; khw;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd Mirg;gbNa ghfp];jhdd; Njrpa
NtnwhU jpl;lj;ij itj;jpUg;ghu;. KbntLj;jhu;. fz;zhbia ghu;j;J njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; njhFg;ghspdpahf
mikjpahf ,U" vd kpfg;ngUk; cjl;Lf;F ypg;];bf; Nghl;L gpd;du; Ntiy nra;tjw;F tha;g;G fpilj;jJ.
tho;tpNy Njhw;Wg;Nghd gyUf;Fk; ,tu; Ngrpa ciufs; ey;y cjhuzhkha;> topf;fhl;lyha; khwpaJ>
gyUk; jhq;fSk; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;if ngw;whu;fs;. ,t;thW jdf;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L
jd;id xU Fwpg;gpl;l tl;lj;Jf;Fs; mlf;fp itj;j kpfg;ngUk; gaq;fis vy;yhk; fz;L mr;rg;glhky;
mjid vjpuj; ;J nraw;gl;ljd; %yk; me;jg; gaq;fis vy;yhk; mtuplk; ,Ue;J tpyf;fp itj;jhu;.
mjd; gpd;dH jd; mrhj;jpa jpwikfspdhYk;> jd; tplh Kaw;rpapdhYk; jd;dhy; ,ayhj epiyapYk;
$l Jtz;L Nghfhky;> jhd; xU ngz;zhf ,Ue;Jk; mij vy;yhk; jhz;b rhjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w
ntwpAld; mauhJ njhopw;gl;ljd; tpisT> ,d;W cyfwpAk; ghfp];jhdpd; ,Uk;Gg; ngz;kzpahfTk;
cUntLj;j ,tiu cyf Clfq;fs; Ngl;b fz;lJ> cyfnkq;Fk; mwpag;gl;lhs;. If;fpa ehLfs; rigNa
Ngr mioj;jJ> nfsutk; nfhLj;jJ> ,tiu If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; J}Jtuhf;fp kFlk; #l;baJ. epiwa vOjpdhu;>
Ngrpdhu;> ghbdhu;> gpwiu re;Njhrg;gLj;jp> jhDk; re;Njhrkha; khwpdhu;. ,j;jidf;Fk;> mtu; rf;fu ehw;fhypNahL
Nru;e;Nj rpWePiu epug;g xU ig vg;nghOJNk ,Uf;Fk;.
jw;NghJ Pakistan ,d; First Wheel Chair Painter vd;w gl;lj;ij ngw;Ws;sJld;>
Modeling JiwapYk; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;whu;. mJkl;Lkd;wp I.eh rigf;fhd Pakistan d;
First Social Welfare Ambassador Tk; Nju;thfp ghfp];jhdpd; Iron Lady vd;w gl;lj;ijAk;
ngw;Ws;shu; Kdpgh k]hup. ghf;fp];jhdpd; Kjy; rf;fu ehw;fhyp fiyQUk; Kjy; ngz;
ey;nyz;zj; J}jUkhd Kdpgh k]hup njhlu;e;J czTr; Rfhjhuk;> Vio khztu;fspd;
MNuhf;fpak;> fy;tp> ngz;fspd; Rje;jpuk;> khlypq;> btp Mq;fupq;> ghlfu; vdg; gy Jiwfspy;
fhy; gjpj;jhu; Kdpgh k]hup. If;fpa ehLfspd; mikg;G> 2015 k; Mz;L mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; ghypd
rkj;Jtj;Jf;fhd ey;nyz;zj; J}juhf Kdpghit epakpj;jJ. 2015-k; Mz;L gpgprp ntspapl;l rpwe;j 100 ngz;fs;
gl;baypy; Kdpgh k]hup ,lk;gpbj;jhu;. Nghu;g;]; gj;jpupifapd; '30 md;lu; 30” vd;w gl;baypy; 2016-k; Mz;L kPbah
kw;Wk; khu;f;nfl;bq; gpuptpy; ,lk;gpbj;jhu;. Mtu; Nlhdp & iff;fhd gpur;rhuq;fspYk; gzpGupe;jhu; kw;Wk;
#o;epiyfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhf jd;id rpj;jupf;f kWf;fpwhu;. “Jd;gq;fis tha;g;ghf khw;Wtjpy;" cWjpahd
ek;gpf;if nfhz;l ,e;j ,sk; ngz;> kw;wtu;fsplKk; mijj; J}z;LtijNa jdJ gzpahff; nfhz;Ls;shu;.
,d;W> 'Kdpgh]; Nfd;th]; - cq;fs; Rtu;fs; tz;zq;fis
cLj;jl;Lk;' (Muniba's Canvas - Let your wall wear colors)
vd;fpw mwptpg;Gld; ,izajsj;jpy; mtUila Xtpaq;fs;
tpw;gidapy; rhjid gilf;fpd;wd. gy fz;fhl;rpfspy; ,tupd;
Xtpaq;fs; tpw;Wj; jPHfpd;wd. ghfp];jhdpd; gQ;rhg; khepy Kd;dhs;
MSeu; ry;khd; jrPc> Kdpghtpd; Muk;g fhyj;J Xtpaq;fs;
midj;ijAk; thq;fpf;nfhz;lhu;.
jd; thypgg; gUtk; tiu xU rhjhuz ngz;zhf tho;e;j mtu; jd; jpUkzj;jpw;F gpd;du; ele;j xU mrk;ghtpjk;
mtuJ tho;itNa khw;wpg;Nghl;lJ. jd;dhy; vOe;J elf;fNth my;yJ gpw
“cq;fs; kdpjHapuf; isg; Nghy rhjhuzkhf ,Uf;fNth KbahJ vd;whYk;>
kjpg;igAk; vd;dhy; vJTNk KbahJ vd;W tPl;bw;Fs; xU rhjhuz ngz; Nghy
jpwikfisAk; Klq;fpf; fplf;fhky;> vd; tho;tpy; ehd; ,oe;j ,d;gq;fis jpUk;gg;ngw
re;Njfpj;jtu;fSf;F Ntz;Lk;> ehd; VjhtJ rhjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ntsp cyFf;F vd; ngau; njupa
cq;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;w xU jd;dk;gpf;if mtiu ,d;W ,e;j epiyf;F Mshf;fpaJ.
ntw;wpiar; cz;ikapNyNa xt;nthU ngz;Zf;Fk; ,tu; rpwe;j
rku;g;gpAq;fs;” Kd;khjpupahf ,Ug;gJld; xt;nthU MZf;FNk ,tuJ tho;f;if
kpfg;ngUk; gbg;gpidahf cs;sJ.
“vd;dhy; vjidAk; rhjpj;J fhl;l KbAk;. vd;dhy; KbahjJ
vd;gJ ,t;Tyfpy; vJTNk ,y;iy" vd;w mrhj;jpa kdcWjp vg;nghOJk;
jplq;fspy; ntw;wp ngWk; vd;gij ep&gpf;fpwJ.
V.vy;.vg;.ghapfh
tpNrlfy;tp
,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/249

'Br;ru; … Br;ru;… Br;ru;… "xU nky;ypa Fuy; vd; ftdj;ij <u;f;Fk; tiu md;W vd;id mioj;jJ
“nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;Nwd;" gzpthf> “cq;fSf;F g+ nra;a njupAkh? ehd; ed;whf g+ nra;Ntd;> fyu; fyuhf
g+ nra;Ntd;" vd;W tpdhitAk; gjpiyAk; jhNd $wpaJ mf;Fuy;. nky;ypa rpupg;Gld; ehd; jpUk;gp mtspd;
nraw;ghl;il xU fzk; Nehl;lkpl;lgb “cq;f ngau; vd;d?" vd;W Nfl;f VNjh mtru Ntiyapy; jd;id
<LgLj; jpats; Nghy; jd; ngaiuf; $wp rl;nld;W $wp gjpy; mspj; jhs; . “ehd; ,d;W cq; fis ghu; f;f
te;Njd;. mLj;j fpoikapy; ,Ue;J jkpo;> Rw;whly;> fzpjk; vy;yhk; ehd; gbj;Jj; jUNtd;"
vd; W Kjy; mDgtk; vd; g jhy; Mu; tj; Jld; mtisg; ghu; j; J $wp Kbg; g jw; F ,ilapy; >
“my;yh`; Br;ru; g+ nra;NthNk" vd;W kWgbAk; mts; $wpdhs;. "rup g+
nra;Nthk;>tpisahLNthk; "vd;W $wpa clNdNa thba g+ Nghy; ,Ue;j me;j Kfk; vd;id
ghu;j;J rpW Gd;difia tPrpaJ. “rup g+ nra;Nthk;> tpisahLNthk; ,it vy;yhk; vd;Dld;
Nru; e; J nra; a tpUg; gk; vd; why; Kjypy; ghlq; fis xOq; fhf gbf; f Ntz; Lk; " vd; W ehd;
tpyf; f Muk; gpf;Fk; NghNj>"Br;ru; tpisahl NghNthk; jhNd?">vd;W me; j gzpthd Fuy;
kP z; Lk; vd; dplk; Nfl; lJ. “rup fl; lhak; mioj; Jr; nry; f pNwd; " vd; W cWjpahf $wpa
clNdNa mts; rf Mrpupau; toq;fpa fw;wy; eltbf;iffSf;F J}z;liy fhl;lyhdhs;.
xU thuj;jpd; gpd; ehd; mk; khztpia re;jpj;Njd;. ,uz;L thuq;fs; mk; khztpAld; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy;
nraw; g hLfis Nkw; n fhz; L ,uz; L thuq; f spy; ehd; mtsplk; epiwa khw; w q; f is czuyhNdd; .
rhjhuzkhdtu;fis tpl rw;W tpj;jpahrkhd rpy elj;ij Nfhyj;ij ehd; mtsplk; czu;e;Njd;.
mit>
 xNu ,lj;jpy; mku;eJ ; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s mtSf;F rpf;fyhf ,Ue;jJ.
 vijAk; ,yFtpy; fpufpf;f Kbahky; mtjpg;gl;lhs;.
 kw;iwatu; tplaj;jpy; mjpf <LghL fhl;b vOjp cs;s Fog;gk; mile;jtuhf mtis ehd; fz;Nld;.
 mjpfk; Nfhgk; nfhs;gtuhf ,Ue;jhs;.
 mwpTWj;jYf;F kjpg;gspf;fhJ jdf;Fs; jhNd NgRgtuhf ,Ue;jhs;.
 xU tplaj;jpy; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;j Mir Mu;tk; ,Wjptiu ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ.
 xU nraw;ghl;il Kbf;Fk; Kd;du; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;il Muk;gpf;f Mu;tk; fhl;b mjw;fhf tw;GWj;jpdhs;.
 mjpfkhf NgRfpwhs; kw; W k; kw; iwatu; fUj; J njuptpf; F k; NghJ my; y J NgRk; N ghJ FWf; f pl; L
NgRfpwhs;
 jaf;fk; vJTkpd;wp czu;Tfis ntspg;gLj;jp tpdhf;fis Nfl;fpd;whs;.
 ez;gu;fSld; mbf;fb rz;il NghLfpwhs;.
 jd; Fw;wj;ij xg;Gf; nfhs;s kWf;fpwhs;.
 Kfk; ghu;j;Jg; NgRtJ ,y;iy.
 mbf;fb itf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fis ,Oj;J my;yJ vLj;J ghu;g;gtuhf ,Ue;jhs;.
Nkw;$wpa elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fis NkYk; Muha;ifapy; ,J rpW tajpy; Vw;glf;$ba xU cstpay;

Kjy; ngupNahu; tiu Vw;glf;$ba xU gpur;rpid MFk; ,jid “mtjhdpg;gpy; gpur;rpid" vd;Wk; $Wtu;.
rpWtu;fspy; ,t;thwhd gps;isfis JW JW gps;isfs; (Hyper Activity Children) vd;Wk; miog;gu;.
,jid xU ,ayhik vd;Wk; $wyhk;. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; RUf;fkhf ADHD (Attenion Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder) mjhtJ jkpopy; mtjhdf; Fiw kpifapaf;f FiwghL> ftdf; Fiwthy;
kpifr; nray; g hL NfhshW vd; W k; $Wtu; . ADHD ,ayhik cilatu; f s; jq; f sJ elj; i jfis
fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,J ftdf; FiwT my;yJ mjpfg;gbahd nray;ghL kw;Wk; kdf;fpsu;r;rp
vd; ghu;itapy; ADHD.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

ADHD cila rpy egu;fs; czu;r; rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;J tjpy; rpukk; fhl; Lfpwhu; fs; . xU
Neha; gw; w pa mwpjYf; F xU gps; i sf; F 12 tajpw; F Kd; N g Neha; mwpFwpfs; Njhd; w
Ntz;Lk;. ADHD apy; Kf;fpa ,uz;L tiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mit>
 ADHD ,d; kpfr; nray;ghL> mdpr;ir tif
 ADHD ,d; ftdf; Fiwthd tif MFk;.
,t; t hW ntFthf Ngrg; g Lk; ,t; ADHD FiwghlhdJ gpd; t Uk; fhuzq; f spdhy;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
 fu;g;gkhf ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fs; Gif gpbj;jy;> kJ mUe;Jjy; Nghd;w gof;f tof;fq;fis nfhz;ltuhAk;
mtu;fSila Foe;ijfSf;F ADHD ,ayhik tUtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; mjpfkhf cs;sJ.
 Kd;$l;ba gpurtk; %ykhfTk; ADHD FiwghL cila Foe;ijfs; gpwf;fpd;wd.
 Foe;ij gpwf;Fk;NghNj Fiwe;j vilAld; gpwg;gjpdhNyAk; ,f;FiwghL Njhd;WfpwJ.
 %isapy; Vw; gLk; fhaq; fspdhy; my; yJ %is rhu; e; j Neha; fspdhy; ,f; FiwghL Vw; gLfpwJ. fPNo
tpOtjhy; jiyapy; gykhf mbgly;> %isapy; Vw;gLk; %is mow;rp Neha;> %is rt;T mow;rp Neha;
Nghd;wtw;why; ,e;epiy Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
 rpwpjsT %is ghjpj;jy;> rpwpjsT %isr; nraw;ghl;bd;ik> kdtsu;r;rpf; Fiw Nghd;wtw;whYk; JW
JW epiy Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
cyfpy; ADHD FiwghLila gps; i sfs; gpwg; g ij kdpj jiyaP l ; b dhYk; > kdpjd; Kaw; r papdhYk;
,ad;wsT ,optsthf;f KbAk; vd;gNj vdJ fUj;J. NkYk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;fhf rpy
ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl NjitAila khztHfSf; f hd myF (Special Eduaction Unit)
jhgpf; fg; gl; bUf; fpd; wJ. ,jd; %ykhf mtu;fSf; fhd tpNrl fw; wy; >fw; gpj; jy; nraw; ghLfis kpfTk;
RygkhfTk; ,yFthd top tiffspd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAkhf cs;sJ. mt;thW Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ADHD
FiwghLila khztHfSf; fhd fw; gpf; Fk; Kiwfs; kw;Wk; fw; wy; >fw; gpj; jy; rhjdq; fs; vd; gd rw; W
tpj;jpahrkhdjhf Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
 ADHD FiwghLila khztu; fSf;F fw; gpf;Fk; Kiwfs; kw;Wk; fw;wy; >fw;gpj; jy; rhjdq; fs; vd; gd
vd; mDgtj; jpypUe;Jk; ngwg; gl; l jfty; fspypUe;Jk; tUkhW:-xyp >xsp cld; ,ize; j tifapy;
fw;wy;>fw;gpj;jy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy; (cjhuzk;) - rpWtu; ghly;fs;> rpWtu; fijfs;> mgpea
eldk;
 ftu; r; rpfukhd kw;Wk; njhl; L czuf;$ba mstpw; F cs;sPLfis gad;gLj;jp gps;isfspd; ftdj;ij
fw; w ypd; ghy; <u; j; J fw; w y; >fw; g pj; jy; eltbf; i ffSf; F capNuhl; lj; i j mspj; jy; . (cjhuzk; ) -
ftu;r;rpfukhd nrhy;> thf;fpa ml;ilfs;> vz; nryUfy; ml;ilfs;> xspg;glq;fs;> gupNrhjid my;yJ
nraw;ghL %ykhd fw;wy; (Rw;whly; rhu;e;j nraw;ghLfs; -ePUld; tpisahl;L)
 ntspf; fs FO tpisahl; Lfspy; <LgLj; jy; >,jd; %ykhf khztu; f s; jd; jpwikfis ntspf; fhl; l
Kidtu;.
 tu;zj; jhs;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ftHr;rpfukhd Mf;fq;fis nra;a J}z;Ljy;.
 MSik tpUj; jpia gps; isfsplj; jpy; NkNyhq; fr; nra; a Mly; > ghly; > Ngr; R Nghd; w
epfo;r;rpfis xOq;F nra;jy;.
 gps;isfspd; Ra fUj;Jf;fis Rje;jpukhf Kd;itf; f vy;yh re;ju;g;gq; fspYk; tha;g;G
mspj;jy;.
 epwr; rhaj; i j nfhz; L mjid Cjp Mf; f q; f is nra; a gps; i sfSf; F gapw; r p
toq;Fjy;.
 jk; vz;zg;gb glq;fis tiua> tpUk;gpatw;iw vOJtjw;F re;jHg;gq;fis toq;Fjy;.
 fw; w y; >fw; g pj; j y; eltbf; i ffSf; F mg; g hy; Nehf; F ifapy; rpyupd; elj; i jfs; mtu; f spd; g hy;
ftdj;ij <u;f;fr; nra;fpwJ. mt;thW ehd; fw;gpj;j ,g; gps;isaplk; fz;l ed; elj;ijfs; rpy…
1. tFg;giwapy; cs;s rf ez;gu;fSf;F cjtp nra;Ak; kdg;ghd;ik ehd; mtsplk; fz;Nld;.
2. tFg;giw Rj;jk; kw;Wk; ntsp Rj;jk; nra;Ak; nraw;ghLfis Neu; j;jpahfTk; J}a;ikahfTk; nra;J
Kbf;fpd;whs;.
3. fhiy Muhjid eilngWk; Ntisapy; XusT mikjpiag; NgZfpwhs;.
4. jd;id VNjDk; xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ghuhl;Lk;NghJ cyifNa ntd;wtd; Nghy kfpo;r;rp milfpwhs;.
5. jd; rhu;ghf ahNuDk; Neu; vz;zj;Jld; fijf;fpd;w NghJ mfk; kfpo;fpwhs;.
6. ve;jnthU fw;wy;>fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpd;w NghJk; Mu;tkhfTk; MirahfTk;
mjid Muk;gpf;fpd;whu;.
7. ntspf;fs kw;Wk; tpisahl;L nraw;ghLfSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;Fgtshf ,Ue;jhs;.
ADHD w;Fr; rpfpr;ir ngWjy; :
ADHD w; f hd rpfpr; i rapy; > gpzpeP f ; f y; >
MNyhrid> gof; f tof; f kw; W k; khw; W f; fy; tpg; gapw; r p
Mfpait ,lk; n gwyhk; . mwpFwpfspd; jPtpuj; j d; i k> Foe; i japd; MSik kw; W k; cly; e piy
Mfpatw; i wg; nghWj; J rpfpr; i r khWgLk; . ngUk; g hyhd Foe; i jfs; ,e; j epiyiar; rkhspj; J
vy;yhiuAk;Nghy; thoj; njhlq;fptpLfpd;whu;fs;.
kUe;J rhu;e;j rpfpr;ir :
,e;jf; Fiwghl;il Fzg;gLj;Jtjw;F kUe;Jfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
cstpay; rpfpr;ir: rpfpr;ir mspg;gtu; (kdey epGzu; my;yJ cstpay;
epGzu; ) rpfpr; i r toq; F gtu; Foe; i jfSld; ,ize; J gzpahw; w p
mtu; f s; vjpu; k iwahf ele; J nfhs; S k; ghzpfisf; fz; l wpfpwhu; >
mtw; i w Neu; t pjkhd gof; f tof; f q; f s; > typAWj; j y; f spd; %yk;
khw;Wfpwhu;.
mwpthw;wy; nray;ghl;Lr; rpfpr;ir :

,e; j tifr; rpfpr;irapy;> Foe;ij ele;Jnfhs; Sk; tpjj;ij vg;gbr;
rkhspg; g J? vd; W Mrpupau; f Sk; ngw; N whUk; tpthjpj; J > mjw; f hd
tpaq;fq;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhHfs;.Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy;
xU Foe; i j ele; J nfhz; l hy; mjw; F g; guprspg; g J kw; W k; xt; n thU
eltbf;iff;Fk; Neuk; fzf;fpLtJ kw;Wk; tof;fkhd my;yJ jpdrupr;
nray;ghLfisf; fhy ml;ltizg;gLj;JtJ Mfpatw;iwg; gpd;gw;Wjy;
MFk;.
FLk;gr; rpfpr;ir my;yJ ngw;NwhUf;fhd gapw;rp :

xU Foe; i jf; F ADHD gpur; i d ,Ue; j hy; > me; j f; Foe; i jia ftdpj; J f; n fhs; f pw ngw; N wh u; >
ghJfhtyu; fs; kw; Wk; cld; g pwe; Njhu; kpFe; j mOj; jk; kw; Wk; gjw; wj; i j mDgtpf; f pwhu; fs; . MfNt
ADHD iar; rkhspg;gjpy; ngw;NwhUf;Fg; gapw;rp mspg;gJ xU Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhFk;. xU Foe;ij ,e;j
epiyiar; rkhspg; g jw; F vg; g b cjtyhk; ? vd; W ngw; N wh u; kw; W k; topfhl; b fSf; F g; gapw; r p
mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; mtHfs; Foe;ijf;F cjtf;$ba khw;WKiwfs; kw;Wk; tpa+fq;fisf;
fw;Wf;nfhz;L gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;Fthu;fs;.
r%fj; jpwd;fs; gapw;rp :
r%fj; jpy; rupahf ele;Jnfhs; tJ vg; gb? vdf; Foe; ijfSf;Fg; gapw; rp mspf; fg; gLfpwJ. gs; spfspy;
FOr; rpfpr;ir epfo;Tfis elj;Jk;NghJ> Foe;ijfspd; r%fj; jpwd;fs; rpwg;ghfpd;wd> mtu;fSila
Ra kjpg;G mjpfupf;fpwJ kw;Wk; MSikj; jpwDk; tsu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
cz;ikapy;> xUtu; jd;Dila gyq;fisAk; jpwikfisAk; fz;lwpa ADHD cjTfpwJ.,e;jg; gpur;id
te; jtu; fs; jq; fSila epiyiag; gw;wpNa Nahrpj; Jf;nfhz; bUf; fhky; > ,e; j Neu; tpjkhd gz; Gfspy;
ftdk; nrYj; j p> jq; f shy; ve; n je; j ,yf; F fis vl; l KbAk; vd; g ijg; Gupe; J nfhz; L mtw; i w
nty; y yhk; > ADHD ,ayhik Fwpj; J ek; g pf; i f ,of; f hky; Gupe; J nfhz; L mijr; rkhspg; g Jjhd;
rpwe;jJ.
vk;.A.vg;.rg;uh
SP/216

Cdk; vq;Nf?
Cdk; vd;Wk; <dk; vd;Wk;

,opT NgRk; khe;jiu>
tPzu; vd;Wk; %lu; vd;Wk;

mwpe;J nfhs;tha; khdplh>
khdk; nfl;L jhdk; nfhz;l

ehis Nghf;Fk; fatu;fs;>
Cik nfhz;L khdk; fhj;J

ciof;Fk; kdij VrNth>
Md kl;Lk; Kad;W Kad;W

kdjpy; Cdk; Xl;bNa>
thdk; Nghw;w thOk; ahtUk;

Kltu; ,y;iy QhyNk>
thdk; Nghw;w thOk; ahtUk;

Kltu; ,y;iy QhyNk.
v];.vg;.rpahdh
SP/242
Cdk; vq;Nf... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

gpwg; G mupNrhdhtpy; 1983k; Mz; L >cyfpd; Kjy; iffsw; w tpkhd Xl; Ldu; >iffsw; w Kjy;
fUg;G gl;lak; ngw;wtu;>,tu; gpwf;Fk; NghJ ,U iffSk; ,d;wpg; gpwe;jhu;. ,J gpwtpf; FiwghL
MFk;. %d;W Mz;Lfs; fbd gapw;rpf;F gpwF jd;Dila tpkhd Xl;Ldu; cupkj;ij xf;Nlhgu; 10>2008
md;W ngw;whu;.,tu; ,yFuf tpkhdk; (10>000 mb tiuapYk; ) Xl; Ltjpy; gapw; rpAk; >Mgps; gpisl;
epWtdj; jpd; cjtpj; njhifAk; ngw;whu; . jd;Dila gjpdhd; fhtJ mfit tiuapYk; jd;Dila
nraw;if ifia cgNahfg; gLj;jtpy;iy. jd;Dila iffSf;F gjpyhf fhy;fisNa ngUk;ghYk;
cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; ,tu; fhu; Xl;Ldu; cupkKk; itj;Js;shu;.(jilaw;w fhu; Xl;Ldu; cupkk;). ,tUila
fhu; f spy; ve; j nthU khw; w Kk; ,y; y hky; cgNahfg; g Lj; j p tUfpwhu; . ,tu; epkplj; j pw; F 25
thu; j ; i jfs; jl; l r; R nra; t jpYk; Nju; r ; r p ngw; W s; s hu; . jd; D ila fh]; ,izg; g J>%f; F
fz; z gbapYs; s Ftpaq; f is khw; WtJ cs; s pl; litfis gpwUila cjtpfis ehlhky; jhNd
nra; f pwhu; . ,tu; xU gapw; r p ngw; w R$gh vd; D k; xU tifahd eP u ; %o; F jy; tP u hq; f id
Mthu;.fhf;]; mupNrhdh gyfiyf;fofj;jpy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;Ws;shu;.jw;NghJ czu;r;rp kakhd
Ngr;rhsuhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;whu;.
N[.gpujPg;
SP/210
n[rpf;fh fhf;];... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

khw;Wj; jpwdhsh; xypk;gpf;
(Paralympic Games)
khw;Wj; jpwdhsh; xypk;gpf; tuyhW
1888apy; fhJNfw;fhNjhUf;fhd tpisahl;L fofk; Ngu;ypdpy; ,Ue;jJ. 2Mk; cyfg;NghUf;F gpd;dNu clw;FiwghL
cs;NshUf;fhd tpisahl;L Nghl;bfs; mtu;fSf;F cjTk; tifapy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. 1944Mk; Mz;by; gpupj;jhdpahtpy; lhf;lh; Yl;tpf;
Fl;nkd; fpNul; mtupdhy; KJnfYk;G ghjpf;g;gl;ltu;fSf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ];Nlhf; khz;Nltpy; kUj;Jtkidapy; ,Ue;j 16
giltPuu;fSf;fhd rf;fu ehw;fhyp kw;Wk; tpy;tpj;ij Nghl;bfs; 1948 [Piy 29Mk; jpfjp njhlq;fpa xypk;gpf; Nghl;bfspy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
1960,y; ,j; j hypapd; cNuhk; 23 ehLfis Nru; e ; j 400 tpisahl; L tP u u; f is nfhz; L KjyhtJ ghuhxypk; g pf; ; Nghl; b
Muk; g pf; f g; g l; l J. ghuhxypk; g pf; vd; w ngah; “ghuh” “xypk; g pf; ” vd; w fpNuf; f nkhopapd; Kd; n khopthFk; . ,jd; mh; j ; j k;
“xypk;gpf;fpw;F ,izahd tpisahl;L ” MFk;. Xt;nthU 4 tUlq;fSf;F XU Kiw Nfhilfhyj;jpy; eilg;ngw;w ,g;Nghl;bfs;
1976 Mz;by; ];tPldpy; Fspu;fhyj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; Nfhil fhyj;jpYk; Fspu; fhyj;jpYk; eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.
ghuh xypk;gpf; Nghl;bfspy; eilngWk; tpisahl;Lf;fs;

Nfhilfhyk; (summer) Fspu;fhyk; (winter)
01.Archery 01. Alpine skiing
02.Athletics 02.Biathlon
03.Badminton 03.Cross-country skiing
04.Boccia 04.Para ice hockey
05.Canoe 05. Snowboard
06.Cycling 06.Wheelchair curling
07.Equestrian
08.Football 5-a-side
09.Goalball
10.Judo
11.Powerlifting
12.Shooting para sport
13.Sitting volleyball
14.Swimming
15.Table tennis
16.Taekwondo
17.Triathlon
18.Wheelchair basketball
19.Wheelchair fencing
20.Wheelchair rugby
21.Wheelchair tennis
22.Powerlifting
23.Rowing
tpjpia ntd;w rhjidahsu;fs;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

ru;tNjr ghuh xypk;gpf; FO (IPC)
1989 nrg;lk;gu; 22Mk; jpfjp n[u;kdpapy; IPC cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J [dehaf murpay; fl;likg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJld;
176 Njrpa ghuhxypk;gpf; FOf;fs; (NPC),4 CdKw;NwhUf;fhd ru;tNjr tpisahl;LepWtdq;fSk; ( IOST), 5
gpue;jpa mikg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jw;Nghija IPC apd; [dhjpgjpahf gpNurpypd; “Mz;l;U
ghu;rhd; ”; Jizjiytuhf “Jthd; fhNy” nraw;ghLfpwhu;fs;. IPC apd; Nehf;fk; “ghuhypk;gpf; tpisahl;L
tPuu;fSf;F tpisahl;l rpwg;ig mila cjTtJld; cyif cw;rhfg;gLj;JtjhFk;”.
,yq;ifAk; ghuh xypk;gpf;Fk;

1996Mk; Mz;L mnkupf;fhtpy; eilg;ngw;w Nfhilfhy ghuhxypk;gpf; Nghl;bapNy ,yq;ifia Nru;e;j
“fhypfh gjpuz” track and field vDk; jlfs Nghl;bapy; fye;Jnfhz;lhh;. ,tNu ghuhxypk;gpf; Nghl;bapy;
gq;Fg;gw;wpa Kjy; ,yq;ifah; Mthu;. 2012apy; yz;ldpy; ele;j Nfhilfhy ghuhxypk;gpf; Nghlbapy;
Mz;fs; 400m Xl;lg;Nghlbapy; “gpujPg; rd;[ah” ntz;fyg; gjf;fk; ngw;whh;. 2016apy; gpNurpypy;
eilg;ngw;w ghuhxypk;gpf; Nghlbapy; Mz;fs; <l;b vwpjy; nghl;bapy; “jpNd]; gpupae;j N`uj; ”; ntz;fy
gjf; f k; ngw; whh; . ,yq; if ,Jtiuapy; ghuhxypk; g pf; Nghl; bfspy; ,uz; L ntz; f y gjf; f q; f s;;
nty;ygl;Ls;sJ.
DINESH PRIYANTHA PRADEEP SANJAYA
tp. jPgd;
tpNrlfy;tp
,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/233

mu;j;jnkhd;iw
eP vOJ..
Tpupfjpu;r;
nry;tdtd; cja juprdj;jpy;
tpz;zpYk; kz;zpYk; xspaJ - gutpa
jiyj;njOe;j kyu;f; nfhbajpy;
fz; tpopf;f fhj;jpUe;j nkhl;Lf;fs; - ehk;
Mapukhapuk; fdhf;fis - ,Utpopfs; fhz
jd; cjpukjd; rhl;rpakha; <d;nwLj;jhs;
md;id mts; fz; fyq;fpa
ehk; [ddq;fNsh Cdq;fs; jhq;fp…..
rpije;jJ mts; fdT MdNghjpYk;
rpd;dktNs jpahfj;jpy;!
Rikaha; epidf;fhj cj;jkpats;
Rtu; nghwpf;f Ntz;LNk - md;idats; cWJizia
nrtpfs; jk; flikia kwe;jdNt - ,Ue;Jk;
nrk;ikaha; topfis ehk; MAjkhf;fpNdhk;
fhy;fs; jk; Neu; nfhz;l ghijia ,oe;jdNt - ,Ue;Jk;
cs;sj;ij ntw;wpf;fha; tpj;jhf;fpNdhk; - ehk;…..
Czq;fs; jilay;yNt - ,q;F
Cf;fq;fis eP nfhz;lhy; - mf;fpdpNa
NghuhbL ePAk; - cd; cs;snkDk;
Nghu;f;fsj;ij nrg;gdpL ntw;wpf;fha;
Mu;j;jnkhd;iw eP vOJ - mfpykjpy; gpwe;jjw;F tp. tpe;J]h
mwpT xd;Nw MAjk;- khw;wj;ij eP nrJf;F tpNrlfy;tp
Cdq;fis vSjhj Ngdhf;fspd; rupj;jpuj;jpy; ,uz;lhk; tUlk;
ehis cyfpd; nghd;ndOj;Jf;fs; cd;idj; NjLk; vOJk; Ngdhf;fsha; SP/221
mu;j;jnkhd;iw eP vOJ…. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

khWfz;
 xU fz; NeuhfTk;> kWfz; Nky;Nehf;fpAk; ,Uj;jy;
- i`g;gu; l;Nuhgpah
 xU fz; NeuhfTk;> kWfz; fPoN
; ehf;fpAk; ,Uj;jy; -
i`Nghl;Nuhgpah
,t; t hwhf xUfz; kl; L Nkh my; y J ,uz; L
fz; f Sk; $l jpUk; g p ,Uf; f yhk; . nghJthf 10
k hj q;fs py; gpwf; Fk; Foe;ijfis t pl Fiw
khjq; f spy; gpwf; F k; Foe; i jfSf; N f khWfz;
gpur;rpidapd; jPtpuk; mjpfk;.
vNrhl;Nuhgpah vd;gJ rpy Neuq;fspy; Foe;ij

gpwe; j JNk fhzg; g Lk; . mij ,d; / gd; l ; i ly;
vNrhl; Nuhgpah vd;gu; . Fiwkhj gpurtj;jpy; gpwf;Fk;
Foe;ijfSf; F tpop tsu;r;rp KOik milahi-
kahy; mJ nghUe;jpg;Nghf rpW fhyk;
Njitg; gLk; .mt; N tisapy; l; uhd; r pad; l; ]; f ptpd; l;
vdg; g Lk; jw; f hypf khWfz; gpur; r pid Vw; g lyhk; .
mjhtJ khWfz; Nghd; W Njhd; W k; . Foe; i j ,U
fz; fisAk; Ftpj; J %f; fpd; mUfpy; nfhz; L te; J
ghu;f;Fk; ,J Fwpj;J mr;rk; nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy.
Mdhy; xU fz; kl; L k; njhlu; e ; J xU gf; f k;
khWfz; v d ; g J k U j ; J t u P j p a h f ] ; u h g p ] ; k ] ; jpUk; g p ,Ue; j hy; mjid fz; kUj; J tuplk; fhl; b
(Strabismus) vd;W miof;fg;gLk; > ,J fz;fspd; gupNrhjpf;f Ntz;Lk;;. ,d;/gd;l;ily; vNrhl;Nuhgpah
xOq; f w; w mikg; G epiyia Fwpf; f pd; w J.mjhtJ vd;w xU fz; kl;Lk; jpUk;gpapUf;fpd;w gpur;rpidf;F
xUtuhy; ,U fz;fshYk; xNu jpirapy; ghu;f;f Kbahj fl;lhak; mWit rpfpr; i r nra; j hf Ntz; L k;.
epiyahFk; . rpyUf; F khWfz; vg; N ghJk; ,Uf; F k; ,y; yhtpl; lhy; fz; zpd; topNa %isf; F Nghfpd; w
kw; Wk; rpyUf; F mt; tg; NghJ Vw; gl; L kiwAk; . ,jw; F fhl; r pfs; njspthf ,Uf; f hJ. kW fz; z pd; topNa
miyAk; fz;fs; vd NtWngau; nfhz;Lk; miog;gu;. Nghfpd; w fhl; r pfs; njspthf ,Uf; Fk; vd; gjhy; %
i sa h dJ kh Wfz ; t opN a t U k; fh l; r pfi s
khWfz; cila Foe;ijfs; ghu;f;Fk; jtpu; f ; F k; . mjdhy; mf; fz; Nrhu; t ile; J tpLk; .
NghJ> xU fz;NeuhfTk;kWfz; cl;GwNkh> ,jidNa Nrhk;Ngwpf; fz; (Lazy Eye) vd;gu;.
ntspg;GwNkh>Nky;Nehf;fpNah my;yJ fPo;
Nehf;fpNah ,Uf;fyhk;;. cupa Neuj;jpy; ,jw;Fupa rpfpr;ir khWfz; gpur;rpid cs;s Foe;ijfis rhjhuz
Nkw;nfhs;shtpbd; Nrhk;Ngwpf;fz; vd;w epiy Vw;gl;L fz; kUj; J tuplk; fhl; L tij tpl khWfz; rpwg; G
epue;jukhf ghu;it ,og;G Vw;gl tha;g;Gf;fs; cz;L. kUj;Jtu; my;yJ Foe;ijfSf;fhd fz; kUj;Jtuplk;
khWfz; gpur;rpidapy; gy tiffs; fhl; b rpfpr; i r ngWtNj rpwg; g hdJ. khWfz; z hy;
tUk; Nrhk; N gwpf; fz; gpur; r pidf; F ed; w hf cs; s
cs;sd fz; i z kiwj; J Nrhk; N gwpf; fz; i z J}z; L k;
 xU fz; NeuhfTk;> kWfz; %f;F gf;fk; jpUk;gpAk; rpfpr;iria Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fk; Fzkhfhj
,Uj;jy; - vNrhl;Nuhgpah epiyapy; mWit rpfpr;ir Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
 xU fz; NeuhfTk;> kWfz; %f;Ff;F ntspg;gf;fk;
jpUk;gpAk; ,Uj;jy; - vf;Nrhl;Nuhgpah
khWfz;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00
kUj; J tcyfk; cr; r k; njhl; L f; nfhz; b Uf; F k; ,f; f hyj; j pYk;
khWfz; gpur; r pidAld; gpwf; F k; Foe; i jfis mjpu; ~; l rhypfs;
vdf;nfhz;lhLk; epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. khWfz; gpur;rpidia fUlg;
ghu;it vdf; $WtJk; cz;L. ,J jtwhd vz;zg; Nghf;fhFk;. khWfz;
vd;gJ epue;ju ghu;itapog;ig cUthf;Fk; FiwghL vDk; tpopg;Gzu;it
midtUk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.
khWfz; FiwghL Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;:
 FLk;gj;jpy; ahUf;NfDk; khWfz;> ghu;itj;jpwd; FiwghL (Refractive
Errors) ,Uj;jy;
gytPdkhd fz; jirfs;
fz;Giu> fz; ePu; mOj;jk;> ghu;itj;jpwd; FiwghL fhuzkhf kq;fyhd
ghu;it Vw;gLjy;
fz;zpy; mbgLjy;
fz; euk;gpy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fs;
vt;tpj fhuzq;fSkpd;wpf; $l Njhd;wyhk;
mwpFwpfs;:
 fz;fs; ntt;NtW jpirfspy; ghu;j;jy;
 xU fz; my;yJ ,uz;L fz;fspYk; Nkhrkhd ghu;it
 gpufhrkhd xspiag; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ xU fz;iz %bf;nfhs;Sjy;
 rpy Neuq;fspy; jiyia rha;j;j gb ghu;j;jy;
 ,ul;ilg; ghu;it
rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;
1. fz;zhb mzpjy;
rup nra;ag;glhj ghu;itj; jpwd; FiwghLfshy; khWfz;
Vw;gl;lhy; fz;zhb mzpa Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLk;
2. fz; gapw;rpfs;
rpwpa mstpy; khWfz; ,Ue;jhy;> rpy fz; gapwr; pfs; %yk;
fz;fisr; Rw;wpAs;s jirfis typikahf;f KbAk;.
3. ,ay;ghd fz;iz kiwf;Fk; rpfpr;ir
,uz;L fz;fspYk; rkdhd ghu;itia Vw;gLj;jTk; fz;fspd; mirTfis Nkk;gLj;jTk; ,e;e rpfpr;ir
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. Nrhk;Ngwpf;fz; vDk; FiwghL Njhd;whky; jLf;fpdw; J.
4. khWfz;Zf;fhd mWit rpfpr;ir
fz;fis Neu;g;gLj;j mWit rpfpr;ir nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; ,uz;L fz;fshYk; xNu jpiria ghuf;f
KbAk;. Muk;g epiyapy; mWit rpfpr;ir nra;J nfhz;lhy; igdhFyu; tp~d; vDk; ghu;itf; Fiwghl;il
jLf;fyhk;. mWit rpfpr;ir nra;tjhy; ghu;it ghjpf;fg;glhJ.
V.mDyh[pdp
tpNrl fy;tp
,uz;lhk; tUlk;
SP/226
khWfz;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00
,aw;if md;id
tjk; nra;jhNyh
,y;iy ,iwtd; gpio nra;jhNdh
fhyj;jpd; Xl;lj;jpy; jpdk; - fhfpjkha;
frf;fp tPrg;gl;l gl;NlhuhNdhk;
vk; tpopfspy; <uk; ,y;iy - vk;

tpjpapdpYk; khw;wkpy;iy
jpdk; efUk; GJg;GJ ehl;fspy;
jplk; nfhz;L ehnkOe;Njhk; tPWeil Nghl
kdjpy; jplk; nfhz;Nlhk;

GJ cyfpy; fhy; jlk; gjpj;Njhk;
tpjpapid khw;wpNdhk; -ehis
nrt;thapYk; fhy;jlk; gjpf;f jahuhfTs;Nshk;
vk; ,Uspid mfw;wpl

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SP/245

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ep f; fp w; F ,uz; L iffs; > fhy; fs; rp q ; fhy; > jhd; kp f Tk; Cf; f k; ngw; w jhff; $wp d hu; .
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Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; kd Nrhjidfis rhjidfshf khw;wpAs;sdu;.
cisr; r y; f Sf; F k; Mshd ep f ; clypypUf;Fk; xt;nthU euk;gpYk; ek;gpf;if
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njhlq; fp dhu; . “~iy/g; tpj; jTl; nrt;tha; fpufj;jpw;Nf nry;/gp vLf;fr; nry;yyhk;.
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vDk; FWk; g lj; j p y ; ebj; J mjw; f hf rp y tp U JfSk;
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ehd; vg; N ghJk; ~Pf; f s; itj; j pUg; N gd; . vdf; F SP/212

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fhiyepiy midj;jp w;Fk; rhjfkha;> ,uriz kpFe;j nray;fs; midj; Jk; vd;idr; #o ,Ue;id.
Gifapuj epiyaj;jpy; gazpfs;> gazpfid topaDg;g te;j midtUk; fhj;jpUe;j xU ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk;
fye;j xU Gjpa fhiy vd;Nw vd; nkhopapy; ehd; $wpdhy; rupnad;W epidf;fpNwd;.ehd; vd;Dila
ngupak;kh tPl;iL Nehf;fp nry;Yk; xU gazkhfNt mJ md;W mike;jpUe;jJ. midtupd; ghu;itAk;
Gifapujk; tUk; topia vjpu;ghu;j;J ,Ue;jJ. mjpy; ehDk; xUj;jp... Mikjpahf vt;tpj rydKk;; ,d;wp
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ghHj; J Gd; K Wityp l ; L [d; d Nyhuj; i j mtDf; F nfhLj; j hu; . vq; f sJ tyJ
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me;j gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j ez;gu; $l;lKk; mtjhdpf;fj; jtwtpy;iy. ehd; vd;
fbfhuj; j p y ; Neuj; i jg; ghu; j ; j tsha; ; fP N o jiydaf; Fdp f ; f > ez; g u;
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Cover Page creation
ALF. FAYI KA ( SPECI AL EDUCATI ON)
Editing & Set up

ALF. FAYI KA ( SPECI AL EDUCATI ON)
)
Magazine Correction Team
khw;Wtpop- 02 00
Special Education class members = 44
01. Name:- MFF.Riyasa 10. Name:- MMF.Thikra
Course No:- Sp/205 Course No:- Sp/215
Address:- 45{Kaleel Place{ Address:- 95/37{Hiluriyya Mosque
Kalutara (South). Road{Manchanthoduwai{Batticaloa.
Phone No:- 0758314773 Phone No:- 0758465040
02. Name:- AMF.Hasna 11. Name:-MUF. Shafra

Address:- 5/54{Bulanawewa{ Address:- No.03{Mosque Lane{2nd Mile
Dewahuwa. post{Thelbedhdha Road{Badulla.
Phone No:- 0778727372 Phone No:- 0763458309
03. Name:- MBF.Fasla 12. Name:- MRM.Thasneem
Address:- 47/11A{ Address:- Medagama{
School lane{Hirimbura{Galle. Bibile.
Phone No:- 0773944758 Phone No:- 0775331920
04. Name:- AMM.Farhan 13. Name:- M.Chithradevi

Address:- 51A{MK Road{ Address:- No.537{
Oddamavadi03. Nedunketiya{Rakwana
Phone No:- 0752008564 Phone No:- 0759643372
05. Name:- Jeganathan Pratheep 14. Name:- MJF.Hamna
Address:- CTB Road{Faizal Address:- No.62/D{Dehaingana{
Nagar{Kinniya Muruthalawa.
03{Trincomalee. Phone No:- 0769881610
Phone No:- 0756246955
06. Name:- T.Anuja 15. Name:- N.F.Asrin
Address:- Kaddaiparichan-07{ Address:- 73/1{Namadagahawatta,
Muthur{Trincomalee. Galewela.
Phone No:-0764471205 Phone No:- 0762379446
07. Name:- MAF.Arshada 16. Name:- V.Vinthusha

Address:- PahalaOttukulam{ Address:-Suthanthirapuram Colony{
Rasanayakapura{Nilaweratiya Mullaitivu
Kurunegala Phone No:-0769791857
Phone No:- 0717033063
08. Name:- ARF.Raksana 1 7. Name:- P.Modshajini

Address:- Poolachenai{Nuraicholai{ Address:- 169{2nd cross Street{
Puttalam Sittandy-04
Phone No:- 0750794143 Phone No:- 0747949164
09. Name:- T.Fahmitha 18. Name:- K.Kinthujan

Address:- No.238{15th Cross street{ Address:- Barathy Road {
Al qassmi city{Rathmalyaya p Kovilporaitivu{Batticaloa.
alavi.Phone Phone No:- 0754134951
No: 0704281864{0779334452
khw;Wtpop- 02 00
19. Name:- AW.Nifra 28. Name:- V.Theeban
Address:- 287/7{Mullipothana{ Address:- No.1/7{Dewalakande
Trincomalee. Estate{Dehiowita.
Phone No:- 0754844441 Phone No:-0764338913
20. Name:- M.S.Ijas Ahamed 29. Name:- S.Safan

Address:- Annaichenai{Muthur-02{ Address:- Kalpitiya road{Mawadi
Trincomalee. MawaththaiThigaliEttalai .
Phone No:- 0752989071 Phone No:- 0718790433
21. Name:-A.Anulagini 30. Name:- A.Anusha Nirojani

Address:- Sahayapuram { Address:- Batangala Estate{
Mathagal{Jaffna Panawala{Eheliyagoda .
Phone No:- 0763924352 Phone No:- 0771351138
22. Name:-ANF.Meena 31. Name:-MN.Dilshard Ahamed

Address:49/1{Thelambugalla{ Address:- No-67{Wethimarajapura
Dodangasland{Kurunegala. Maradana{Beruwala.
Phone No:- 0726008699 Phone No:-0713451040
23. Name:-MH.Amanulla 32. Name:-AA.Safana Banu

Address:- Kesmeer Road{Ikkirigollewa{ Address:- Pallivasal thurai road{
Anuradhapura. Vellankarai{Puttalam .
Phone No:- 0789646241 Phone No:-0770556002
24. Name:-JM.Hafeel 33. Name:-MNF.Nusfa

Address:313A{Kudapokuna{ Address:- 314{New Sreet{Weligama{
Welikanda{Polannaruwa Matara.
Phone No:- 0756796066 Phone No:- 0714977979 /0767329997
25. Name:- MN.Ilham 34. Name:-MNF.Nafla

Address:- No.113School Road{ Address:- 462{River side road{
Bakinigahawela{Bibile. kanamoolai{madurankuli{Puttalam.
Phone No:- 0722582893 Phone No:- 0769390558
26. Name:- N.Nirojana 35. Name:- J.Gnanaluxmy

Address:- no.428/2{Wathukaragoda{ Address:- “Kathirkamam”{Inuvil south{
Bombuwa{Balangoda. Inuvil{Jaffna .
Phone No:- 0767595435 Phone No:-0772068613
27. Name:-M.Priyanthini 36. Name:-M.Sakithiya

Address:- Ratnapura{ Address:- Saraiyadi{puloli
Kahawatta south{Puloli{Pointpedro{Jaffna
Phone No:- 0773738964 Phone No:-0774182446
khw;Wtpop- 02 00
37. Name:- SF.Siyana 41. Name:- K.Myootharan
Address:-Raththala{Bogahakumbura{ Address:- Kalavaithurai road{Araly
Badulla . South{Vaddukoddai{Jaffna.
Phone No:-0763415840 Phone No:-076206011
38. Name:- R.Kirusha 42. Name:- S.Kajani

Address:- Kalasalai road{ Barathi Address:- Ankalapay{Inuvil East{
puram{Thirunelveli{Jaffna . Jaffna.
Phone No:- 0771180521 Phone No:- 0772292476
39. Name:- MAF.Shanaz 43. Name:- J.Venuja

Address:- No.108/C/4{Mhawatta Address:- 13th housingScheem{
road{Madige{Kalagethara. Depot Road,Kaluwanchikudi.
Phone No:-0769661439 Phone No:-07589832062
40. Name:- S.Keerthana 44. Name:- ALF.Fayika

Address:-Thirunelvely, Address:- No.193{Khomaini road{
Jaffna. Valaichenai-04.
Phone No:-0768631507 Phone No:- 0768531658
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rl;lj;juzp fp.Gz;zpa%u;j;jp cs;ehl;bYk; ru;tNjr uPjpahfTk; tpNrl fy;tpapd; gupzhk

cz;ikapNyNa ,r;rQ;rpifapd; Mf;fq;fs; fhj;jpukhdit

tpNrl NjitAila rpWtu;fspw;F ,yq;if MuR toq;Fk; 14

r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaupd; epiy…….. 16

tpNrl fy;tp khztu;fSf;fhd Ez;zpaf;f nraw;ghLfs;... 17

Cdk; vd;gJ cs;sj;j;y; ,y;iy………………………….. 19

tyJ Fiwe;Njhu; tho;tpy; tsk; Nru;f;Fk; mq;ftPdu; 20

khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;……………… 24

r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; typg;G Neha;……………………………. 28

tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fs;……….. 29

cs;sk; epkpu;e;jhy; CdKk; Fd;Wk;……………………… 32

khw;Wj; jpwdhsh; xypk;gpf; ……………………………….. 40

khw;wq;fs; gy je;jpl;l jpwdhspfs;………………………... 45

tpjpia ntd;w rhjidahsu;fs;………………………….. 46

ehl;Fwpg;gpy; Xu; ehs; ‚NgRk; Kd; rpe;jp…‛………………… 48

irif nkhopapd; ru;tNjr ehs;…………………………... 51

,e;epiyapy; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfspd; jpwd;fisAk;, fiyfisAk; tpNrl Mw;wy;fisAk; Njhz;b

,yq;ifap y; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfi s tsu;j;njLf;Fk; mikg;Gf;fSk;

tpNrl NjitfSk; tsu;r;rpAUk; r%f mikg;Gf;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

 CdKw;w Foe;ijfSf;fhd Njrpa rq;fk;

tpNrl NjitfSk; tsu;r;rpAUk; r%f mikg;Gf;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

‚ Mw;wy;fs;> fiyfs; vd;gJ xU kdpjdJ cs;sj;J

tpNrl NjitfSk; tsu;r;rpAUk; r%f mikg;Gf;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

 ghu;itaw;NwhUf;F (BRAIL) gpiwapy; Clhf tpdhj;jhs;fs; toq;fg;gLjy;.

tpNrl NjitAila rpWtu;fspw;F ,yq;if MuR toq;Fk; Nritfs;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

epkpu;e;J epw;Nghk;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

tpNrl NjitAila gpsi

r%fj;jpd; ghu;itapy; tpNrl fy;tp Mrpupaupd; epiy... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

tpNrl fy;tp khztu’fspw;fhd Ez;z;af;fr; nraw;ghLfs;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

vy;yh Foe;ijfs; NghyAk;

if tpuy;fspdhy; Ngdhitg; gw;wp>

vd; ngw;Nwhupd; fdpTk;

tyJ Fiwe;Njhu; tho;tpy; tsk; Nru;f;Fk; mq;ftPdu; epiyak;. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSk; tho;tpay; rthy;fSk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

fhJ NfshNjhu; JLg;ghl;lk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Mq;fhq;Nf rpupg;Gf;fs;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

gpnua;y; ];Nyl; kw;Wk; ];ily];

tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fas;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Nfl;ly; fUtp (Hearing Aids)

,t; t hwhd fhJ Nfshik FiwghLfs; gy fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. mtw; W s; >

tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fas;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

rf;fu ehw;fhypfs; (Wheel Chairs)

jw;NghJ rpy rff;u ehw;fhypfs; „\hf ; mg;]hu;gu;‟ vdg;gLk; mjpu;r;rp

tpNrl NjitAilNahu; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fas;.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

cs;sk; epkpu;r;jhy; CdKk; Fd;Wk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

cs;sk; epkpu;r;jhy; CdKk; Fd;Wk;... khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Nkw;$wpa elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fis NkYk; Muha;ifapy; ,J rpW tajpy; Vw;glf;$ba xU cstpay;

vd; ghu;itapy; ADHD.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

mwpthw;wy; nray;ghl;Lr; rpfpr;ir :

FLk;gr; rpfpr;ir my;yJ ngw;NwhUf;fhd gapw;rp :

vd; ghu;itapy; ADHD.. khw;Wtpop- 02 00

Cdk; vd;Wk; <dk; vd;Wk;

tPzu; vd;Wk; %lu; vd;Wk;

khdk; nfl;L jhdk; nfhz;l

Cik nfhz;L khdk; fhj;J

Md kl;Lk; Kad;W Kad;W