Airway Test Bank

1.What is the last organ that air has to pass through prior to entering the trachea?
A. Mouth
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Nose
2.What is the inferior region of the pharynx called?
A. Laryngopharynx
B. Hypopharynx
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
3.In a responsive patient, what is the best way to evaluate the patency of the airway?
A. Has a normal pulse

B. Can talk clearly or cry
C. Has normal skin color
D. Has normal skin temperature
4.When assessing a pediatric patient, which of the following signs is (are) associated with a partial airway
obstruction with air exchange?
A. Cyanosis
B. Stridor
C. A weak, ineffective cough
D. All of the above
5.The child with epiglottitis is frequently sitting upright and leaning forward, resting the hands on the
knees with arms extended downward. This position is called:
A. Tripod position
B. Semi-Fowler's position
C. Fowler's position
D. Recumbent position
6.Your patient is complaining that the air coming into their airway is cold. What organ is letting her
down?
A. Larynx
B. Nose
C. Turbinates’
D. Pharynx
7.What is the middle region of the pharynx called?
A. Nasopharynx
B. Laryngopharynx
C. Hypopharynx
D. Oropharynx
8.What is the right term for the following: Air moves into the lungs when the alveolar pressure is lower
than atmospheric pressure and moves out Of the lungs when the alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric
pressure?
A. Esophageal intubation
B. Vocal cord disruption
C. The pulmonary ventilation process
D. None of the above
9.Which of the following most accurately describes the resting tidal volume of an adultat rest?
A. 500mL
B. 1000mL
C. 2000mL
D. 600
10.What can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed, but not interrupt airflow to the lungs?
A. Asthma
B. Laryngitis
C. Vocal cord trauma
D. Epiglottitis
11.Which of the following is the method for opening the airway of a patient with no suspected spinal
injury?
A. Tongue pull
B. Head tilt/chin lift
C. Head tilt/neck lift
D. Modified jaw thrust
12.What would be considered a normal respiratory rate for an adult?
A. 10
B. 26
C. 15
D. 6
13.As with the adult, what is the preferred method for opening the airway of a pediatric trauma patient?
A. Chin pull
B. Head-tilt/chin-lift
C. Head-tilt/neck-lift
D. Jaw thrust
14.When ventilating an infant, special care should be taken not to over-ventilate due to the infants
susceptibility to: ?
A. pulmonary contusions
B. Hemothorax
C. Gastric distention
D. Pneumothorax
15.What can too much pressure when ventilating a patient cause?
A. Ruptured throat
B. Ruptured vocal cords
C. Stomach distention
D. Bleeding lips
16.To be certain of proper sizing, the nasopharyngeal airway should measure from the tip of the nose to
the: ?
A. Larynx
B. Cheekbone
C. Middle Of the ear
D. Angle Of the jaw
17.For which of the following types of patients is airway obstruction a major concern?
A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

B. One who has broken several ribs
C. One who is unresponsive
D. One who is a child
18.High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries: ?
A. Is never needed
B. Is appropriate if needed
C. May cause blindness
D. Is contraindicated
19.While performing positive pressure ventilations, adequate tidal volume is evaluated primarily on the
basis of: ?
A. pupil response
B. Skin color
C. Chest rise
D. None Of the above
20When the EMT-B encounters a patient with suspected spinal trauma, which of the following is the
preferred method of manual airway maneuvers.
A. Tongue pull
B. Heat-tilt/chin-lift
D. Jaw thrust without head tilt
21.What injury could affect the pulmonary ventilation process ?
A. Vocal cord eruption

B. Diaphragmatic injury
C. Oral infection
D. All Of the above
22.Air passes several organs once taken in. What is the last entering the trachea?
A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Vocal cords
23.When oxygen enters the blood stream, What does it bind to?
A. T•cells
B. Blood cells
C. Hemoglobin
D. Carbon dioxide
24.The correct percentage of oxygen in atmospheric air is:
A. 15%
B. 21%
C. 25%
D. 50%
25What divides the upper and lower airway?
A. Throat
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Esophagus
26.What are the visceral pleura most associated with ?
A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Trachea
27.When air enters the pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura, what has occurred?
A. Complex pneumothorax
B. Simple closed pneumothorax
C. Complex closed pneumothorax
D. Simple open pneumothorax
28.The narrowest portion of the infant's upper airway is:
A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Thyroid cartilage
C. Trachea
D. Epiglottis Which of the following is the correct
29.Which of the following is the correct ventilation rate for a patient in respiratory arrest?
A. Every 3
B. Every 4 seconds
C. Every 5 seconds
D. Every 6 seconds
30.What temperature is air warmed to when passing through the nasal cavity?
A. 50Å
B. 37Å
C. 40Å
D. 30A
31.In infants and children; what does retraction of the skin, muscles, and other tissues around and
between the ribs and clavicle?
A. Adequate breathing
B. Normal breathing
C. Labored breathing
D. See-saw Breathing
32.Which of the following is the most common complication of excessive or forceful ventilation?
A. Air embolism
B. Oxygen toxicity
D. Gastric distention
33.What is the most superior region of the pharynx called?
A. Oropharynx
B. Nasopharynx
C. Esophagus
D. Laryngopharynx
34.If the chest or abdominal wall only slightly expand during inhalation. What type of breathing would
this be considered ?
A. Noisy breathing
B. Shallow breathing
C. Regular breathing
D. Labored breathing
35.What can cause subcutaneous emphysema?
A. Ripped liver
B. Ruptured Spleen
C. Fractured Larynx
D. Fractured Esophagus
36.At what rate does the Wright respirometer measure peak flow?
A. 2 LPM
B. 1 LPM
C. 3 LPM
D. 4 LPM
37.What practice maintains the head in a neutral position while moving the jaw forward?
A. Head tilt-chin lift

B. Jaw thrust
C. Airway adjunct
D. Chin lift
38.What would be a direct reflection of alveolar ventilation?
A. Oxygen in bloodstream
B. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
39.What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?
A. Airway
B. Larynx
C. Throat Lining
D. Epiglottis
40.What process is taking place when the diaphragm contracts?
A. Inhalation
B. Exhalation
C. Cramps
41.Poor muscle tone of what area may lead to an obstructed airway?
A. Mandible
B. Submandibular
C. Zygote
42.Where is the group of specialized olfactory cells that are responsible for the sense of smell located ?
A. Inferior nasopharynx
B. Olfactory sacs
C. Superior nasopharynx
D. Superior mid-olfactory sacs
43.What flow rate can deliver a 80-100% oxygen concentration when using a non-rebreather mask?
A. 8-10 LPM
B. 10-15 LPM
C. 12-15 LPM
D. 15-20 LPM
44.What type of lubricant should be used for the airway?
A. Oil-based
B. Water-based
C. Petroleum-based
D. Lubricant should never be used
45.What is the goal in adequately ventilating shock patients?
A. To induce the acidotic state

B. To reduce the acidotic state
C. To normalize the acidotic state
D. All of the above
46.What does the following expression equal: tidal volume x respiratory rate?
A. Respiratory Rate
B. Hour Volume
C. Rate per Minute
D. Minute Volume
47.In a healthy adult, what should the Pa02 be?
A. 60-100mmHg
B. 80-100mmHg
C. 85-11 OmmHg
D. Any of the above
48.What structure lies directly behind the cricoid cartilage?
A. Trachea
B. Epiglottis
C. Esophagus
D. Glottic opening
49.What is determined by how easily the lungs stretch?
A. Accommodation
B. Flexibility
C. Compliance
D. Extension
50.What causes respiratory alkalosis?
A. Hypertension
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperventilation
D. Hypoventilation
51.During respiration what is primarily transported throughout the body?
A. Pollutants from the body.

B. Solid waste products out of the body.
C. Nutrients to the blood cells.
D. Oxygen from the air to the blood.
52.When a patient is suffering from constriction of the bronchioles, what can be heard during
respirations?
A. Nothing
B. Wheezing
C. Gurgling
D. Snoring
53.Your patient is breathing fast and heavy to the point that they are hyperventilating. What will their
body not retain?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
54.What single membrane appears to be a double membrane?
A. Pleura flexa
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Parietal pleura
55.What structure covers the glottic opening when swallowing?
A. Esophagus
B. Epiglottis
C. Trachea
What process is a passive process that decreases the volume within the thoracic cavity?
A. Inhalation
B. Exhalation
C. Cramps
A. None of the above
What is the name of the outermost layer of the pleura?
A. Pleura flexa
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Parietal pleura
The levels of carbon dioxide in the blood stream are a direct reflection of what?
A. AVP Process
B. Alveolar ventilation
C. Pharyngeal Trapping
D. Lung membrane ventilation
Which item is leaf-shaped and is association with the vallecula?
A. Hyoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Epiglottis
D. Thyroid
What can heightened metabolic activity cause?
A. Frequent urination
B. Elevated C02
C. Lowered C02
D. Infrequent urination
What should be done before and after suctioning?
A. Blind finger sweep

B. Dental check
C. Hyperoxygenation
D. Continuation of suctioning
If you have a patient whose respirations increase then decrease and they also experience periods of
apnea, what is the correct medical term for this type of respiration?
A. Braxton-Hicks
B. Flail chest
C. Cheyne-Stokes
D. Sarbanes-Oxley
While assessing a patient's respiratory status you hear a harsh sound during inspiration. The correct term
for this is: ?
A. Rhonchi
B. Rales
C. Death rattle
D. Stridor
What divides the upper and lower airways?
A. Throat
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Esophagus
What is the longest interval of time that a patient should be suctioned?
A. 30 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 1 5 seconds
D. 20 seconds
What should you measure to ensure that you select the proper length oropharyngeal airway for a
patient?
A. From the teeth to the bottom of their neck

B. From the nose to the tip of their earlobe
C. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of their earlobe
D. From the chin to the tip of their earlobe
All Of the descriptions below relate to the use of nasopharyngeal airways except one. Which statement
does not apply to the use of nasopharyngeal airways?
A. Nasopharyngeal airways are more appropriate than oropharyngeal airways when dealing with
patients who have a gag reflex.
B. Unlike oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes do not require the repositioning of a

patient's head or prying the patients mouth open.
C. Nasopharyngeal airways' diameter should
be sized to match the nostril opening (or patient's little finger diameter) and its length should be sized
from the patient's nose to the patient's earlobe.
D. Nasopharyngeal airways are preferred alternatives to oropharyngeal airways when a patient has
injuries to the teeth, mouth, oral cavity, face, or head.
What is the dome-shaped muscle that causes the lungs to inflate during inhalation?
A. Maxilla
B. Diaphragm
C. Aorta
D. Alveolus
All Of the descriptions below are true Of the bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation System except one.
Which statement does not apply to the use of a bag-valve mask system?
A. The BVM should be used after inserting either an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway of
appropriate Size.
B. The BVM is a one-size-fits-all system once the appropriate oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal
airway system has been selected and inserted.
C. The BVM delivers atmospheric air,containing 21 % oxygen as compared to air exhaled form a
responder's lungs, which contains 10-16% oxygen.
D. The BVM can be attached to an oxygen supply to deliver oxygen concentration greater than
atmospheric oxygen levels Of 21%.
What is the name for the structure that is encompassed by the soft palate above and the epiglottis
below?
A. The pharynx
B. The nasopharynx
C. The larynx
D. The oropharynx
While administering artificial ventilations to a patient, you hear a gurgling sound. What should you
immediately do?
A. Transport the patient to the hospital.

B. Turn the patient on their left side.
C. Suction the patient.
D. Place the patient in the shock position.
If you are giving artificial ventilation to an adult, what is the correct rate?
A. 10 breaths per minute

B. 12 breaths per minute
C. 1 5 breaths per minute
D. 20 breaths per minute
All types of people are predisposed to all types of medical problems. What are tall, thin men between 20
and 40 years old predisposed to?
A. Thrombophlebitis
B. Bronchitis
C. Spontaneous pneumothorax
D. Ruptured spleen
You are assessing an unconscious patient and you suspect that they have an airway obstruction, what
would be the most common cause of airway obstruction?
A. Emesis
B. Broken teeth
C. Foreign body
D. The tongue
Air passes through several structures once taken in; what is the last structure before entering the
trachea?
A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
D. Vocal cords
You find a patient to be breathing normally (rate of 18 per minute), clear airway, normal pulse (72 strong
and regular), normal blood pressure (120/82 mmHg), normal skin
condition, and blood glucose level of 5.1. You take a pulse oximetry reading to find that it is at 61%.
What do you do?
A. Administer oxygen at 1 5 liters per minute via non-rebreather

B. Assist respirations with a bag valve mask
C. Assume the pulse oximeter is incorrect
D. Transport to ER
What is the name for the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea
during swallowing?
A. The larynx
B. The pharynx
C. The epiglottis
D. The uvula
For which of the following patients is airway obstruction a major concern?

D. A child
What is the third structure that air passes through before entering the trachea?
A. Oropharynx
B. Epiglottis
D. Glottic opening
What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?
A. 8-10 breaths per minute

B. 12-20 breaths per minute
C. 21-25 breaths per minute
D. 5-8 breaths per minute
All of the statements below apply to using suctioning systems to help maintain a clear airway except one.
Which statement about using suctioning systems to help maintain a clear airway is incorrect?
A. Only turn on the suctioning system once the suction tip is completely inserted
B. Continue suctioning system use while delivering ventilations to keep fluids clear of the airway
C. If high volumes of fluids are present, turn the patient on his/her side and then suction
D. Rotate the tip of the suctioning unit as it is
removed from the mouth, nose, or stoma Your patient is breathing fast and heavy, and she is
hyperventilating. What will her body retain?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A and B
Certain patients display what is referred to as "pink puffers," or the polycythemia that occurs as an
excess of red blood cells are produced. What would these patients suffer from?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Sickle Cell Anemia
D. Emphysema
All of the statements below are true of treating patients who are hyperventilating except one. Which
statement is not true of treating patients who are hyperventilating?
A. Encourage the patient to slow his/her breathing rate
B. Watch for cyanosis or other signs of inadequate breathing
C. Monitor the patient for changes in vital signs
D. If the patient has a prescription for nitroglycerin, assist them with their
Which of the following are the only respiratory structures that allow exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between blood and the environment?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Pharynx
All of the following are part of the respiratory system except one. Which of the following is not part of
the respiratory system?
A. Nose
B. Trachea
C. Lungs
D. Esophagus
What is the American Heart Association recommendation for the compression-to-ventilation ratio used
by all single rescuers for all victims from infants (not including newborns) through adults?
A. 1 5:02
B. 1 2:01
C. 30:02:00
D. 20:01
Which of the following will not interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter?
A. Hypertension
B. Hypoperfusion
C. Carbon monoxide poisoning
D. Edema in the fingers
You are attempting to gather information from a patient, but he is having a hard time trying to
communicate because he was hit in the throat by a baseball bat, damaging his vocal chords. What is the
function of the vocal cords?
A. To produce sound
B. To regulate the passage of air into the trachea
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Which of the following are common cause(s)
of a compromised airway?
A. The tongue
B. Burns
C. Trauma
D. All of the above
If no neck injury is suspected, what technique should be used to open a patient's airway?
A. Jaw thrust
B. Head-tilt-chin-lift
C. Tongue-jaw lift
D. Heimlich maneuver
What are the air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen from the lungs to the blood occurs
named?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Papules
What practice maintains the head in the neutral position while moving the jaw forward?
A. Head tilt-chin lift

B. Jaw thrust
C. Airway adjunct
D. Chin lift
Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood clot or some other particle that lodges in the pulmonary
artery. What factor can make an individual predisposed to this condition?
A. Prolonged immobilization
B. Thrombophlebitis
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. All of the above
You are sitting at a restaurant and suddenly an adult patron is choking; what should you do?
A. Provide CPR.
B. Perform the Heimlich maneuver.
C. You are not on duty; do nothing.
If you come across an infant less than 1 year of age who is conscious with a severe airway obstruction,
what technique should be used to clear their airway?
A. Blind Finger Sweeps

B. Back Blows or Chest Thrusts
C. Tongue-Jaw Lift
D. Heimlich Maneuver
When you arrive on the scene to treat a patient you notice that their nail beds and lips are starting to
turn blue. This condition is known as: ?
A. Cyanosis
B. Dysphagia
C. Cystitis
D. Tachypnea
Which of the following should you measure to ensure a patient receives the proper size nasopharyngeal
airway?
A. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe

B. The diameter of their little finger
C. The entire length of the nose
A leaf-shaped cartilage that prevents food or other obstructions from entering the upper airway during
swallowing is known as the: ?
A. Hyoid
B. Arytenoid
C. Epiglottis
D. Cricoid
Which respiratory structure is palpable just above the sternum?
A. Bronchiole
B. Trachea
C. Carina
D. Bronchus
Which of the following is the most common cause of airway obstruction?
A. Trauma to the airway

B. The tongue
C. Allergic reactions
D. Food
Narrowing of which of the following structures causes stridor?

A. Lower airway
B. Upper airway
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchi
Effective tidal volume while providing positive pressure ventilation is evaluated primarily by which of the
following?
A. Mental state
B. Chest rise
C. Pupil response
D. Skin color
The preferred method for removing liquid secretions from a patient's airway in the field is by:
A. Portable suction
B. Abdominal thrusts
C. Finger sweeps
D. Back blows
The narrowest part of the adult upper airway is at the level of the: ?
A. Cricothyroid membrane
B. Hyoid bone
C. Vocal cords
D. Cricoid cartilage
What is the most appropriate treatment for someone in respiratory failure?
A. Positive pressure via a Jet Insufflator

B. Supplemental oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
C. Positive pressure ventilation with a bag-mask device
D. Supplemental oxygen via a simple face mask
Cyanosis reflects poor oxygen saturation of which of the following ?
E. White blood cells

F. Platelets
G. Hemoglobin
H. Plasma
Oxygen should always be provided at high concentration with pediatric patients and should be
humidified when possible. ?
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Which of the following requires recharging every so often?

A. An IV cannula
B. A bag valve mask
C. A pulse oximeter
D. An airway suction kit
When would it be necessary to humidify oxygen after it has been administered?
A. If the patient has a flail chest

B. If the patient is a long-term smoker
C. When paradoxical motion is present
D. When the patient has nasal airway problems
What is the body's goal(s) in mucus production?
A. All of the above

B. Pollen removal
C. Humidifying air
D. Dirt removal
What is the tidal volume in an average adult?
A. 600ml - 700ml of volume

B. 1000ml - 1200ml of volume
C. 400ml - 600ml of volume
D. 700 - 1000ml of volume
What is the percent oxygen provided by a simple face mask?
A. 40% - 50%
B. 20%-30%
C. 50%-60%
D. 30% - 40%
Which of the following structures is part of the respiratory system and digestive system?
A. Trachea
B. Oral pharynx
C. Turbinates
D. Nasal pharynx
How much oxygen is contained in normal atmospheric air?
A. 50% oxygen
B. 28% oxygen
C. 6% oxygen
D. 21 % oxygen
In medical patients with no suspected spinal injury, what is the airway maneuver of choice?
A. Head tilt-neck lift
B. Head tilt-chin lift
C. Tongue pull
D. Jaw thrust without head tilt
Which of the following is a sign of adequate breathing?
A. The patient can speak in full sentences

B. The patient's respiratory rate is 6 per minute
C. The patient cannot speak in full sentences
D. The patient is cyanotic
Which of the following processes describes the movement of gases from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Respiration
C. Transportation
D. Ventilation
Which of the following identifies the muscle(s) that separate the abdomen from the chest?
A. Intercostals
B. Abdominis Rectus
C. Diaphragm
To avoid hypoxia, how long should a patient be suctioned?
A. Not more than 35 seconds

B. Not more than 1 5 seconds
C. Not more than 25 seconds
D. Not more than 5 seconds
Your patient is complaining that the air coming into their airway is cold. What organ is letting her down?
A. Larynx
B. Nose
C. Pharynx
D. Turbinates
What is the middle region of the pharynx called?
A. Oropharynx
B. Hypopharynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. Nasopharynx
When oxygen enters the blood stream, what does it bind to?
A. Blood cells
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Hemoglobin
D. T-cells
What injury could affect the pulmonary ventilation process?
A. All of the above

B. Vocal cord eruption
C. Diaphragmatic injury
D. Oral infection
The child with epiglottitis is frequently sitting upright and leaning forward, resting the hands on the
knees with arms extended downward. This position is called: ?
A. Tripod position
B. Semi-Fowler's position
C. Fowler's position
D. Recumbent position
While performing positive pressure ventilations, adequate tidal volume is evaluated primarily on the
basis of: ?
A. Chest rise
B. Skin color
C. None of the above
D. Pupil response
What is the last organ that air has to pass through prior to entering the trachea?
A. Larynx
B. Mouth
C. Pharynx
D. Nose
When ventilating an infant, special care should be taken not to over-ventilate due to the infant's
susceptibility to: ?
A. Pulmonary contusions
B. Hemothorax
D. Pneumothorax
Which of the following is the correct ventilation rate for a patient in respiratory arrest?
A. Every 6 seconds
B. Every 5 seconds
C. Every 4 seconds
D. Every 3 seconds
In a responsive patient, what is the best way to evaluate the patency of the airway?
A. Has a normal pulse

B. Has normal skin temperature
C. Can talk clearly or cry
D. Has normal skin color
To be certain of proper sizing, the nasopharyngeal airway should measure from the tip of the nose to
the: ?
A. Angle of the jaw

B. Larynx
C. Cheekbone
D. Middle of the ear
High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries: ?
A. May cause blindness

B. Is never needed
C. Is contraindicated
D. Is appropriate if needed
High concentration oxygen for children older than one year that have suffered traumatic injuries:
A. May cause blindness

B. Is never needed
C. Is contraindicated
D. Is appropriate if needed
For which of the following types of patients is airway obstruction a major concern?
A. One who has broken several ribs

B. One who is unresponsive
C. One who is a child
D. One who is bleeding from the forearm
What is the inferior region of the pharynx called?
A. Hypopharynx
B. Both A and B
C. Neither A nor B
D. Laryngopharynx
What can too much pressure when ventilating a patient cause?
A. Ruptured throat
B. Bleeding lips
C. Stomach distention
D. Ruptured vocal cords
When the EMT-B encounters a patient with suspected spinal trauma, which of the following is the
preferred method of manual airway maneuvers. ?
A. Jaw thrust without head tilt

B. Tongue pull
D. Heat-tilt/chin-lift
As with the adult, what is the preferred method for opening the airway of a pediatric trauma patient?
A. Head-tilt/chin-lift
B. Chin pull
D. Jaw thrust
What divides the upper and lower airway?
A. Esophagus
B. Throat
C. Larynx
D. Trachea
Which of the following is the preferred method for opening the airway of a patient with no suspected
spinal injury?
A. Modified jaw thrust

B. Tongue pull
C. Head tilt/neck lift
D. Head tilt/chin lift
What is the right term for the following: Air moves into the lungs when the alveolar pressure is lower
than atmospheric pressure and moves out of the lungs when the alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric
pressure?

B. Vocal cord disruption
C. The pulmonary ventilation process
D. Esophageal intubation
Which of the following is the most common complication of excessive or forceful ventilation?
A. Air embolism
B. Gastric distention
D. Oxygen toxicity
What can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed, but not interrupt airflow to the lungs?
A. Laryngitis
B. Epiglottitis
C. Vocal cord trauma
D. Asthma
What are the visceral pleura most associated with?
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Trachea
The narrowest portion of the infant's upper airway is: ?
A. Trachea
B. Epiglottis
C. Thyroid cartilage
What would be considered a normal respiratory rate for an adult?
A. 15
B. 6
C. 10
D. 26
Air passes several organs once taken in. What is the last before entering the trachea?
A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Oropharynx
D. Vocal cords
When assessing a pediatric patient, which of the following signs is (are) associated with a partial airway
obstruction with poor air exchange?
A. Stridor
B. A weak, ineffective cough
C. All of the above
D. Cyanosis
Which of the following most accurately describes the resting tidal volume of an adult at rest?
A. 1000mL
B. 500mL
C. 2000mL
D. 600mL
A 28-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She is unresponsive and apneic. All
attempts at opening her airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver have failed. What is the most appropriate
next step?
A. Attempt mouth-to-mask ventilation

B. Ventilate her with a bag-valve mask and reservoir bag
C. Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway
D. Insert two nasal airways and apply high-flow oxygen therapy
You are assessing a child's vital signs at a local elementary school. Which of the following would be
considered a normal set Of vitals for a healthy eight-year-old child?
A. Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, blood pressure 104/73 mmHg
B. Respirations 16 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 190/70 mmHg
C. Respirations 12 breaths per minute, pulse 130 beats per minute, blood pressure 100/72 mmHg
D. Respirations 35 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, blood pressure 128/66 mmHg
During the initial assessment of a semiconscious patient's airway, snoring respirations are heard. What
do these respirations indicate?
A. Mucus or secretions in the larger airway

B. Constricted bronchi
C. Fluid in the upper airway
D. A partially obstructed airway
Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation?
A. The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest cavity.
B. The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity.
C. The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand.
D. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity.
Under what circumstances should a patient's dentures be removed in order to provide assisted
ventilation?
A. In every case
B. If an oropharyngeal airway is being placed
C. If severe head trauma has occurred
D. If the dentures are loose
Which of the following adventitious
lung sounds are associated with lower
airway problems?
( Select the 3 answer options which are correct. )
A. Rales
B. Stridor
C. Rhonchi
D. Wheezing
An adult trauma patient is unresponsive but breathing at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with snoring
respiration. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?
A. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply a nasopharyngeal airway
B. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply a oropharyngeal airway
C. Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and provide assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask
D. Open the airway using a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver while maintaining in-line cervical spine
stabilization and apply an oropharyngeal airway
What is the correct procedure for removing oral secretions from the oropharynx of a conscious patient
without visible foreign bodies and with no suspected C-spine injury?
A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway toensure a patent airway

B. Turn the patient's head to the side Open the mouth, insert the catheter and suction in a circular
motion during withdrawal
C. Continuously ventilate the patient to ensure appropriate oxygenation

D. Log-roll the patient to their side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger
A responsive adult patient complaining of shortness of breath could benefit from oxygen delivered via a
non-rebreather mask, but they are unable to tolerate a mask on their face. What is the most appropriate
next step?
A. Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute
B. A simple oxygen mask at 15 liters per minute held 4 inches away from the patient's face.
C. Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute
D. Avoid providing oxygen altogether
Which of the following is considered an early sign of hypoxia in an adult patient?
A. Weak, thready pulse

B. Poor skin turgor
C. Cyanosis
D. Restlessness
What is the correct technique for performing the head-tilt/chin-lift, procedure on a patient with no
suspected spinal trauma?
A. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the
fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and push the chin downward
B. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead. Place the heel of the alternate hand under
the lower jaw and close the mouth but open the alrway.
C. Place the fingers of both hands behind the angles of the lower jaw and move the jaw upward with
the index and middle fingers while using the thumbs to help position the lower jaw
D. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply firm backward pressure. Place the
fingertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and lift the chin upward.
What structure does the airway divide into below the trachea?
A. The bronchioles
B. The alveoli
C. The bronchi
D. The lung
During a mass-casualty incident (MCI), you assess a patient Who is breathing fewer than 30 breaths per
minute-What is the next Step in management?
A. Apply a nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute

B. Move to the next patient
C. Apply a nan-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute
D. Begin circulation and mental status observations
A 23-year•old female is lying on her back with vomitus around her. Her friends said she had a little too
much to drink, then vomited and passed out. Your partner asks you to roll the patient onto her side so
she wont aspirate.lf a patient aspirates vomitus, where does it go?
A. The esophagus
B. The stomach
C. The trachea
D. The lungs
A 6-year-old male has difficulty breathing. Upon arrival, you find the patient limp on the couch in
Obvious respiratory distress.What is a sign Of possible respiratory failure?
A. A breathing rate Of fewer than 8 breaths per minute

B. A breathing rate of fewer than 25 breaths per minute
C. A breathing rate of fewer than 20 breaths per minute
D. A breathing rate of fewer than 10 breaths per minute
An 8-month•old infant is unresponsive. The patient is apneic, With a rapid brachial pulse. There is no
trauma. The best way to open the airway is to ?
A. perform a jaw thrust.

B. perform a head-tilt, chin-lift.
C. hyperflex the head.
D. place a pad under the shoulders to achieve a neutral position.
Your patient is conscious and alert with difficulty breathing secondary to an exacerbation Of COPD. His
respiratory rate is 22, with a prolonged expiratory phase and pursed-lip breathing. A pulse oximeter
registers 84 percent. You should ?
A. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

B. withhold oxygen.
C. administer oxygen via blow•by mask
D. initiate CPAP
Administering excessive tidal volume with a bag- valve mask device can result in ?
A. decreased minute volume.

B. increased cardiac output
C. decreased preload.
D. hypertension,
Which of the following best indicates that a patient is in respiratory failure?

A. Difficulty breathing
B. Stridor
C. Intercostal retractions
D. Shallow tidal volume
Your patient presents with labored respirations, peripheral cyanosis, and altered mental Status. You
should immediately ?
A. Suction the airway,

B. assist ventilations With a bag-valve mask.
C. administer Oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. determine a pulse rate.
Your patient presents unconscious with slow, shallow, and snoring respirations and an intact gag reflex.
You should immediately ?
A. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.

B. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C. suction the airway.
D. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
A woman is injured after dousing a barbeque With lighter fluid. She is awake and alert, and has burns to
her face and chest. You can hear audible stridor when she breathes. You should first ?
A. suction the airway.

B. administer oxygen Via a nonrebreather mask.
C. insert a nasopharyngeal airway,
D. cover the burns With a Sterile burn Sheet,
Your patient presents with slow, shallow, and gurgling respirations. You should immediately ?
A. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.

B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
C. listen to lung sounds.
D. suction his airway.
Your patient is unconscious and is breathing 4 times a minute. She gags after you insert an
oropharyngeal airway. You should immediately ?
A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

B. ventilate with a bag mask.
C. hold it in place.
D. Remove the oropharyngeal airway
Which of the following terms best describes a patient who has an adequate tidal volume and respiratory
rate but is using her accessory muscles and is diaphoretic?
A. Respiratory failure
B. Apneic
C. Respiratory distress
D. Respiratory arrest
You are ventilating a patient in respiratory failurewith a bag-valve mask when you notice that his
abdomen is becoming distended. You should ?
A. increase the oxygen concentration.

B. decrease the ventilation pressure.
C. decrease the ventilatory rate.
D. increase tidal volume.
A 34-year-old male presents supine on the ground after falling 30 feet off a roof. Your primary
assessment reveals that he is not breathing and has a slow, regular, and strong radial pulse. You should
immediately ?
A. instruct your partner to manually stabilize the patient's cervical spine.

B. perform full spinal immobilization.
C. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D. administer ventilations with a bag-valve- mask device.
You are ventilating a patient with a bag valve mask. An oropharyngeal airway is in place, and you are
performing a head tilt-chin lift. You notice that ventilating is becoming harder. You should ?
A. lay the patient on her left side.

B. increase the oxygen flow rate.
C. suction the airway.
D. perform another head tilt-chin lift.
For which of the following patients would a.nonrebreather mask be most appropriate?
A. Altered patient actively vomiting and breathing 20 times a minute.

B. Unconscious patient breathing 12 times a minute with adequate tidal volume.
C. Conscious patient breathing 30 times a minute; breathing is shallow.
D. Patient breathing 4 times a minute with adequate tidal volume.
A patient presents with agonal breathing. While ventilating this patient with a bag-valve mask, you
should?
A. administer enough tidal volume to raise the chest 3 inches.

B. give one breath every 5 seconds.
C. match his respiratory rate and "assist" ventilations.
D. give each breath over 2 seconds.
Your patient presents standing in a kitchen with stridorous respirations. A bystander reports that he is
choking on a piece Of meat. You should?
A. perform abdominal thrusts.

B. administer back blows.
C. perform a blind finger sweep.
D. encourage the patient to cough.
A patient has rapid, shallow respirations and speaks with a hoarse voice after being trapped in a house
fire. You should ?
A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

B. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
C. Obtain a set Of vital signs.
D. suction the airway.
A 65-year-old female describes waking up from sleep because she says, "l felt like I was being smothered
while I was lying down." Lung auscultation reveals rales (crackles) to the bases bilaterally. Based on this
information, she is most likely suffering from ?
A. emphysema.
B. pneumonia.
C. pulmonary embolism.
D. acute pulmonary edema.
A patient presents conscious and alert with a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute.You auscultate
crackles up to the middle lobes Of both lungs, and her skin is clammy with peripheral cyanosis. She has a
problem is to?
A. assist the patient with her metered-dose inhaler.

B. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
C. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. initiate bag-valve-mask ventilation.
Why is it important to not overventilate a patientsuffering from respiratory failure secondary to asthma?
A. Air trapping can result in decreased preload.

B. Decreased tidal volume can result in increased intrathoracic pressure.
C. Increased intrathoracic pressure can create a hemothorax.
D. Decreased cardiac output can result in hypertension.
A conscious 6-month-old is moving around, turning blue, and not making any sounds or moving any air.
You should?
A. perform five back blows (slaps).

B. check her pulse.
C. deliver abdominal thrusts.
D. administer 30 chest compressions.
Which of the following results in bradycardia in the pediatric patient?
A. tachycardia.
B. Hypoxia
C. Hypovolemia
D. Fear
A 6-month-old male with no medical history has a two-day history of low-grade fever, tachypnea, and
wheezing. Auscultation Of lung sounds reveals inspiratory and expiratory wheezes to all lobes bilaterally.
This is most consistent with
A. bronchiolitis.
B. croup.
C. pneumonia.
D. asthma.
Your patient is fully immobilized on a backboard when he starts to vomit into his airway. You should?
A. roll the backboard, and the patient, on its side.

B. unstrap the patient and roll him on his side.
C. suction the airway with a portable suction unit.
D. ventilate the patient with 100 percent oxygen.
You are assessing the airway of a patient you are about to ventilate with a bag-valve mask. She has
dentures, which are firmly in place. You should:?
A. leave the dentures in place.

B. remove the lower denture.
C. remove both the upper and lower dentures.
D. remove the upper denture.
A 7-year-old presents conscious with a partial foreign body airway obstruction. She suddenly becomes
unresponsive. You should ?
A. administer 30 chest compressions.

B. deliver abdominal thrusts.
C. check a pulse.
D. perform five back blows (slaps).
A 12-year-old male presents in respiratory arrest after falling off a second-floor balcony. You note a large
contusion to his forehead, and he has a heart rate of 62. First, you should ?
A. perform full spinal immobilization.
B. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
C. administer chest compressions.
D. determine his blood pressure,
Your patient presents with altered mental status, an oxygen saturation level (Sp02) of 71 percent on
room air, and labored, shallow breathing at a rate Of 24 times a minute. You should ?
A. administer oral glucose with a tongue depressor, and administer low-flow oxygen.
B. give one breath every 5 seconds with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit.
C. match his respiratory rate and assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
D. take cervical spine precautions and administer high-flow oxygen.
You are ventilating an unconscious, apneic patient experiencing a severe asthma attack. Your rate is 20
breaths per minute and oxygen is flowing at 15 liters per minute (LPM). You note that his chest is
increasingly distended, and it's getting harder to ventilate. You should ?
A. suction the airway.

B. assist the patient with administration Of his metered-dose inhaler.
C. decrease the ventilation rate to 12 per minute.
D. decrease the oxygen flow rate to 5 LPM.
Which of the following is the best indicator that ventilation with a bag-valve mask is correcting hypoxia?
A. Normal chest rise and fall

B. Increasing Sp02 (oxygen saturation level)
C. Pulse of 88/minute and regular
D. Ventilation rate of 12 per minute
A 22-year-old female with a history Of asthma presents with dyspnea. She is alert, her respiratory rate is
20 and deep, and her skin is cool and moist with peripheral cyanosis. You auscultate wheezes in all lung
fields. She has her prescribed albuterol metered-dose inhaler. You should first ?
A. administer oxygen via nasal cannula.

B. cover her with a blanket.
C. assist the patient with her metered-dose inhaler.
D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
A 34-year-old female presents conscious and alert, complaining of difficulty breathing. You note a
respiratory rate of 22 per minute with deep tidal volume, and her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. You
should immediately ?
A. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
C. suction her airway.
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
A 64-year-old female with a history of congestive heart failure has a sudden onset of shortness of breath.
She is alert, with rapid and deep respirations and cool, pale, and diaphoretic skin. You auscultate rales
(crackles) bilaterally. You should ?

B. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
C. administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
D. determine the patient's blood pressure.
Which of the following clinical exam findings would best indicate that your patient is in respiratory
distress and not respiratory failure?
A. Respiratory rate of 4 breaths per minute

B. Absent respirations
C. Shallow tidal volume
D. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute
A 34-year-old female presents with an acute onset of dyspnea and right-sided chest pain that worsens
when she takes a deep breath. She has a history Of asthma and gave birth to her first child four days ago.
Lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic, and there is jugular
venous distention. First, you should ?
A. assist the patient with her albuterol metered-dose inhaler.

B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
C. inspect for vaginal hemorrhage.
D. obtain a complete set of vital signs.
An 8-year-old male is slumped in a chair, responsive to pain only. His mother describes an acute onset of
his asthma that was unrelieved with his mattered dose inhaler. He has a shallow respiratory rate of 8
breaths per minute, a brachial pulse of 64, and wheezes to all lung fields. First, you should
A. administer bag-valve-mask ventilations.

B. lay the patient supine and pad behind his shoulders.
C. Start CPR
D. assist with his metered-dose inhaler.
A 72-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents
unconscious and apneic with a strong and rapid radial pulse. Her family describes a 4-hour history Of
Increasingly difficult breathing, unrelieved with her home nebulizer and metered-dose inhalers. You
should immediately
A. assist the patient with her albuterol

B. metered-dose inhaler. ventilate the patient with a bag-valve mask.
C. administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
You are ventilating a patient who is apneic. Which of the following errors will most likely result in gastric
distension?
A. Ventilating too slow

B. Ventilating too shallow
C. Ventilating too hard
D. Ventilating too fast
A 23-year-old male presents with stridor and difficulty breathing after being stung by a bee. He is
breathing 28 times a minute, he has a heart rate Of 108, and his blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. You
should first ?
A. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

B. administer his epinephrine autoinjector.
C. ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
D. listen to lung sounds.
Your patient presents alert to pain only after being pulled out of a house fire by firefighters. You hear
audible stridor; his respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute with good tidal volume There is a strong,
rapid radial pulse, and his skin is warm and dry. The patient's most immediate threat to life is ?
A. an airway obstruction.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. hypovolemic shock.
D. decreased perfusion.
A patient presents sitting on the edge of his bed, leaning forward, and drooling, with inspiratory stridor.
He is alert, his respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute with visible chest rise and fall, and his skin is hot,
dry, and pale. You should ?

B. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
D. manually inspect the airway.
Administration of which of the following medications will result in bronchodilation?
A. Beta-I antagonist
B. Alpha-I antagonist
C. Alpha-2 agonist
D. Beta-2 agonist
Bronchospasm, bronchial edema, and increased mucus production in the lower airways best describe
the pathophysiology of ?
A. emphysema.
B. chronic bronchitis.
C. asthma.
D. pneumonia.
A patient presents with a left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Which of the following would best
suggest that a tension pneumothorax was developing?
A. Decreased lung sounds on the left

B. Sp02 (oxygen saturation level) = 98 percent on room air
C. Hypertension
D. Jugular venous distention
A 4-year-old male presents complaining of a sore throat. His parents describe a three-day progression
offever, malaise, and respiratory distress. You note slight intercostal retraction, tachycardia, tachypnea,
and a loud cough. Lung sounds are clear. This is most consistent with
A. pneumonia.
B. epiglottitis.
C. croup.
D. asthma.
A 10-year-old asthmatic female presents with altered mental status, head-bobbing, and peripheral
cyanosis. She is breathing 60 times per minute. There are inspiratory and expiratory wheezes in all lung
fields, and her capillary refill is 5 seconds. You should first ?
A. place the patient in a sitting position.

B. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
C. administer humidified oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
D. ask the mother whether she has used her metered-dose inhaler.
You are assisting a paramedic who has intubated an unconscious patient, and they ask you to ventilate
the patient while they start an IV. Your jump kit contains a bag-mask device, a nasal cannula, and a non-
rebreather mask.How are you going to ventilate the patient?
A. Blow directly into the tube

B. Attach the bag-mask device without the mask directly to the end of the endotracheal tube and
squeeze the bag
C. Place the non-rebreather mask over the end of the endotracheal tube and add oxygen at 15
liters per minute
D. Attach the bag-mask device with the mask directly to the end of the endotracheal tube and
squeeze the bag
You are an off-duty EMR enjoying a picnic in the park with your family when your daughter points to a
young boy who appears to be choking. You see a young male coughing forcefully, and you quickly Offer
help. The boy's parents say he was eating a piece Of chicken when he started coughing, but nothing has
been expelled from his mouth. What is the best course Of action?
A. Give five chest thrusts and suggest rapid transport to a hospital

B. Give five abdominal thrusts and suggest rapid transport to a hospital
C. Give five back slaps and suggest rapid transport to a hospital
D. Encourage the boy to keep coughing and suggest rapid transport to a hospital
An 8-year-old female was found facedown in the family swimming pool. Her father said she was
unattended for two minutes while he went to check on her brother who was napping inside the house.
The father performed CPR, and the patient vomited. The patient has labored respirations and is coughing
up water. You observe vomitus in her airway and are preparingyour suction device. How long can the
patient be suctioned before needing supplemental oxygenor ventilation?
A. 15 seconds at a time
B. 5 seconds at a time
C. 20 seconds at a time
D. 10 seconds at a time
What is the waste product that the lungs transport outside of the body?
A. Helium
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon monoxide
What is the function of the epiglottis?
A. To prevent food from entering the larynx

B. To prevent food from entering the pharynx
C. To prevent food from entering the esophagus
D. To prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
Your paramedic partner asks you to place a nasal cannula on a patient who is having respiratory
difficulties. At a flow of 1 to 6 liters per minute (L/min), how much oxygen will be delivered to the
patient?
A. Up to 90% oxygen
B. 21% oxygen
C. 50% to 75% oxygen
D. 24% to 44% oxygen
When can an oral airway be used?
A. When a patient is conscious and does not have a gag reflex

B. When a patient is unconscious and has a gag reflex
C. When a patient is unconscious and does not have a gag reflex
D. When a patient is conscious and has a gag reflex
During a mass-casualty incident (MCI) with 15 patients, you use the START triage method. Your first
patient has a respiratory rate Of 36 breaths per minute-What is your next step?
A. Give them a Priority 3 tag (green/delayed)

B. Give them a Priority 2 tag (yellow/urgent)
C. Give them a Priority I tag
D. Give them a Priority 4 tag (blackJdeceased)
For the purposes of rescue breathing, what is the
standard age range for children?
A. 1 year to the beginning of puberty

B. 1 year to the beginning of adulthood
C. 1 year to 8 years
D. 1 year to 10 years
When a patient has emphysema, what problem
has developed in their lungs?
A. The smaller air passages are spasming or constricted

B. The alveoli are damaged
C. The lungs are infected
D. The airways in the lungs are inflamed
Your EMS unit has been dispatched to a boating
dock for a 39-year-old male with difficulty
breathing. When you arrive, the boat captain on a
scuba diving tour boat says the patient started to
panic underwater and ascended faster than he
should have. You start assessing the patient and
notice pink froth coming from his mouth and
nose. He complains Of chest pain and shortness

Of breath. The patient has no medical history and
takes no medication. What is the patient most
likely experiencing?
A. Air embolism
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Stroke
D. Heart attack
You are an off-duty EMR and receive a knock on
your door at midnight. Your neighbor is on the
doorstep, holding her 2-year-old daughter. When
you open the door, the mother looks frightened
and says her daughter is very sick. You bring
your neighbor and her daughter into your house
to assess the child. The patient has noisy,
whooping inhalations and a seal-like barking
cough. The mother states the coughing started
suddenly, and the child has had a cold for the
past three days. You call 911 and ask for a unit
to respond to your location. The dispatcher
explains the response may be delayed.How
should you treat a patient with croup until an
EMS unit arrives?
A. Give the child Tylenol and a glass of cool water

B. Wait with the mother and child outside in the cool air
C. Turn on a hot shower, shut the bathroom door so the room can steam, then have the mother
and child go into the bathroom
D. Turn on a cold shower and have the mother and child go into the bathroom
A 44-year-old male patient was riding a
motorcycle and struck a tree. The patient is
breathing, has an altered mental status, and has
severe facial injuries. What is the immediate
danger to patients with severe facial injuries?
A. Irreparable facial damage

B. Airway obstruction
C. Brain damage
D. Spinal injury
Screenshot_2024 IO- 17-41-03-881 _com.emt.emr.nremtparamedic.jpg
You and your partner are to a local park
for a 24-year-old female who is having difficulty
breathing after being stung by a bee. Upon your
arrival, the patient's sister explains that she
forgot her EpiPen at home, and your local
protocols do not allow you to carry EpiPens in
your ambulance. The patient is in respiratory
arrest, and your partner calls for advanced life
support backup while you prepare to administer
a rescuer ventilation. Where should you position
yourself in relation to the patient?
A. Kneel above the patients head

B. Kneel on the left side of the patients head
C. Straddle the patients body
D. Kneel on the right side of the patients head
How should a patient's airway be managed if
they are sitting in a vehicle after an auto
accident?
A. Place one hand under the chin and the other hand on the patients forehead
B. Place one hand under the chin and the other hand on the back of the patients head
C. Place one hand on the forehead and the other hand on the top of the patients head
D. Place one hand on the neck and the other hand on the back of the patients head
Your EMS unit is dispatched to a home two
blocks from your station for a choking infant.
Upon your arrival, a young woman runs out of the
house holding a conscious infant who is in
obvious respiratory distress and unable to
breathe. The woman explains she is babysitting,
and she saw the infant's brother put something
in the infant's mouth. Before she could see what
it was, the baby started choking. You assess the
infants airway and determine there is no air
exchange.How should you begin treating this
patient?
A. Perform five chest compressions followed by five back slaps, continuing until the object is
dislodged or the infant becomes unconsclous
B. Perform five back slaps followed by five chest thrusts, continuing until the object is dislodged or
the infant becomes unconscious
C. Perform five back slaps followed by five abdominal thrusts, continuing until the object is
dislodged or the infant becomes unconscious
D. Perform five chest thrusts followed by five back slaps, continuing until the object is dislodged or
the infant becomes unconscious
You are called to an in-home daycare for a 6-
month-old male with difficulty breathing. The
daycare provider said she was feeding the
patient a bottle Of formula when he developed
difficulty breathing. She adds that the patient
has a cold, and his nose seems to be
clogged. What should you use to suction the nose
Of an infant?
A. A rigid-tip suction catheter

B. A tonsil-tip catheter
C. A flexible catheter
D. A bulb syringe
What type of respirations will a patient in shock
demonstrate?
A. Rapid and shallow respirations

B. Rapid and deep respirations
C. Slow and deep respirations
D. Slow and shallow respirations
Your EMS unit is called to a private residence at
4 a.m. for a 3-year-old male with difficulty

breathing. Upon your arrival, the patient is in his
mother's arms, demonstrating a seal-like barking
cough. Which condition is this patient likely
experiencing?
A. Flu
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Asthma
What is the most common cause Of circulatory
failure in children?
A. Renal failure
B. Cardiac failure
C. Organ failure
D. Respiratory failure
What is the process Of selecting a properly sized
bag-mask device?
A. The mask should fit over the bridge of the patients nose and the bottom part of the chin.
B. The mask should fit over the bridge of the patients nose and in the groove between their lower
lip and chin
C. The mask should fit underneath the patients nose and in the groove between the lower lip and
chin.
D. The mask should fit underneath the patients nose and the bottom part of the chin.
Abdominal thrusts (i.e., the Heimlich maneuver)
should be done on a conscious adult or child
patient who is choking. How do abdominal
thrusts help expel a foreign object?

A. The thrusts compress the xiphoid process, expelling the foreign object from the airway.
B. The thrusts compress the air that remains in the lungs, pushing it upward through the airway
and exerting pressure against the foreign object.
C. The thrusts compress the internal organs, which push air upward through the airway and exert
pressure against the foreign object.
D. The thrusts compress the bladder, pushing the foreign object out of the airway.
How does carbon dioxide become a waste
product?
A. Through inspiration
B. Through digestion
C. Through metabolism
D. Through exhalation
Some vaccinations are given to infants to help
prevent epiglottitis. Which type of bacteria
causes epiglottitis?
A. Bordetella pertussis
B. Group A Streptococcus
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Haemophilus influenzae type b
You are on scene with a 10-month-old female
who possibly swallowed a bobby pin while
crawling. The patient is in no obvious respiratory
distress and appears alert. What should you do

next?
A. Call medical control for advice

B. Arrange for prompt transport to an
C. appropriate medical facility
D. Call the patients pediatrician for advice
A patient who experienced a motorcycle
accident has a suspected spinal injury. You
attempt to open the patient's airway using the
jaw-thrust maneuver but are unsuccessful and
do not see the patient's chest rise with
ventilation. What should be the next step in
managing the patient's airway?
A. Perform a finger sweep and provide ventilation

B. Keep the head neutral and provide ventilation
C. Attempt the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and provide ventilation
D. Try five abdominal thrusts and then provide ventilation
An unconscious, unresponsive 10-year-old male
was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The
patient is not breathing and does not have a gag
reflex. Your partner asks you to place an oral
airway in the patient.How should you determine
the correct size of the oral airway?
A. Measure from the top of the patients ear to the corner of the mouth on the same side as the ear
B. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth on the opposite side of the ear
C. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth on the same side as the ear
D. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth to the tip of their nose
Which medical term refers to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath?
A. Tachypnea
B. Apnea
C. Dyspnea
D. Hyperpnea
According to the START triage system for a
mass-casualty incident (MCI), what should be
done for patients who are not breathing?
A. Clear the mouth Of any foreign material and use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the
airway
B. Tag the patient as deceased
C. Tag the patient as immediate
D. Clear the mouth Of any foreign material and use the jaw-thrust maneuver to Open the airway
While working as an EMR at a sports event, you
are called to the stands for a female with
shortness of breath. When you arrive, you find a
50-year-old female complaining Of shortness Of
breath for the past 10 minutes, with a history Of
cardiac problems. You place a non-rebreather
mask on her before taking her vital signs.How
many liters per minute Of oxygen should you
provide?
A. 15-20 liters per minute

B. 5-10 liters per minute
C. 4-6 liters per minute
D. 10-15 liters per minute
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to
the heart?
A. Pulmonary capillaries and venules

B. Pulmonary veins and arteries
C. Pulmonary veins and venules
D. Pulmonary arteries and venules
You and your partner are at the scene of a motor
vehicle accident with two patients. One patient
has minor injuries, and the other is unconscious
and unresponsive. You call for an additional
ambulance to respond, and you and your partner
start treating the unconscious patient. You want
to place an oropharyngeal airway to open their
airway.How do you select an appropriately sized
airway?
A. Measure from the top of the patients ear to the corner of their mouth
B. Measure from the patients earlobe to the tip of their nose
C. Measure from the patients earlobe to the corner of their mouth
D. Measure from the top of the patients earlobe to the tip of their nose
You are called to a private residence for an
unknown medical emergency involving an infant.
When you arrive, a woman meets you at the front
door holding an infant who is having a seizure.
The woman states that her daughter was nursing
and suddenly started seizing. The patient is hot
to the touch, and the mother reports the infant
has had a fever for the past 12 hours. The
patient is 10 months old with no past medical

history.How should you manage this patient's
airway and breathing?
A. After the seizure ends, provide supplemental oxygen.

B. While the patient is seizing, provide supplemental oxygen.
C. While the patient is seizing, try to open their airway and provide supplemental oxygen.
D. After the seizure ends, maintain an adequate airway and provide supplemental Oxygen
The pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) was
developed to offer a rapid impression of a
pediatric patient using sight and sound. Which
part Of the PAT refers to breathing?
A. Work of breathing
B. Breaths per minute
C. Difficulty breathing
D. Respiratory rate
A patient with a stoma has had which body part
removed?
A. The larynx
B. The oropharynx
C. The trachea
D. The nasopharynx
Your partner has measured an oropharyngeal
airway to place in a semi-conscious 70-year-old
male with four respirations per minute.
According to his wife, he accidentally took his
painkiller prescription twice, then started having
difficulty breathing 20 minutes later. You notice

your partner is struggling to place the nasal
airway.What should your partner do?
A. Remove the device and try the other nostril

B. Keep trying to force the device
C. Remove the device and hold the airway open manually
D. Switch to an oropharyngeal airway
When suctioning a patient using a suction
control port on a rigid tip catheter, how do you
create the suction?
A. Place a finger over the suction control portfor 5 to 10 seconds

B. Place a finger over the suction control portfor 1 to 2 seconds
C. Place a finger over the suction control port for the allotted time
D. Do not place a finger over the suction control port
You are called to a residential living facility for
an unresponsive 88-year-old female. Upon
arrival, you find the patient pulseless and not
breathing on her couch, with no signs Of trauma.
You and your partner move the patient to the
floor to start CPR. Your partner starts
compressions while you perform a head tilt-chin
lift maneuver. The patient has intact dentures in
place.Which of the following should be done
before ventilating the patient?
A. Remove the dentures

B. Leave the dentures in place
C. Suction the patients mouth
D. Perform a finger sweep
When a patient is cold, pulse oximeter readings
can be inaccurate. What is the physiological
reason for inaccurate readings from a cold
patient?
A. The patient is shivering.

B. The pulse oximeter will not stay on a cold fingertip or earlobe.
C. The blood vessels in the fingertips or earlobes are constricted.
D. The blood vessels in the fingertips or earlobes are dilated.
Besides being smaller, how does a childs airway
differ from an adult's regarding airway
obstruction?
A. A childs larynx is relatively smaller than an adults larynx.

B. A childs larynx is relatively larger than an adults larynx.
C. A childs tongue is relatively larger than an adults tongue.
D. A childs tongue is relatively smaller than an adults tongue.
What does a pulse oximeter assess when it is
used on a patients fingertip or earlobe?
A. The amount of oxygen saturation in platelets

B. The amount of oxygen saturation in red blood cells
C. The amount of oxygen saturation in white blood cells
D. The amount of oxygen saturation in plasma
Which term describes the exchange Of oxygen
and carbon dioxide that occurs in the alveoli?

A. Artificial ventilation
B. Alveolar ventilation
C. Pulmonary ventilation
D. Minute ventilation
For an adult patient who presents with difficulty
breathing, when would you assist with rescue
breathing?
A. When the respiratory rate is under 10 or over 20 breaths per minute

B. When the respiratory rate is under 4 or over 46 breaths per minute
C. When the respiratory rate is under 6 or over 30 breaths per minute
D. When the respiratory rate is under 8 or over 40 breaths per minute
What is a sign Of respiratory distress in infants?
A. A breathing rate of more than 50 breaths per minute

B. A breathing rate of more than 30 breaths per minute
C. A breathing rate of more than 60 breaths per minute
D. A breathing rate of more than 80 breaths per minute
Which of the following is not part of the upper
airway?
A. The larynx
B. The pharynx
C. The nasopharynx
D. The trachea
To assess a patient for adequate breathing, the
rescuer will look, listen, and feel.Which of the
following is not a characteristic of respiratory
arrest that is observed with the 100k, listen, and

feel method?
A. Lack of pulse
B. Lack of chest movement
C. Lack of air against the side of the face
D. Lack of breath sounds
When a conscious patient has difficulty
breathing, in what position are they usually most
comfortable?
A. Standing
B. Sitting
C. Lying on their side
D. Lying on their back
A patient with emphysema is being transported
from a hospital to a specialized facility an hour
away. The onboard oxygen cylinder was empty at
the start Of your shift, and you were in the
process of changing it when you received the
call for this transfer. You are using a portable
oxygen cylinder for the patient.How long will
your portable size D oxygen cylinder last?
A. 5 hours
B. 3 hours
C. 1 hour
D. 2 hours
You are administering rescue breathing for an
adult patient who is breathing inadequately. How

often will you provide a breath after your initial
two breaths?
A. Every 2 seconds
B. Every 5 seconds
C. Every 8 seconds
D. Every 6 seconds
What is the most common airway obstruction
noted in unconscious patients?
A. The tongue
B. Blood
C. Vomit
D. A foreign body
At the start Of an ambulance shift, you check the
rig to make sure everything is stocked and ready.
You notice the main oxygen cylinder has 700 psi,
and the portable cylinder is 300 psi.When should
an oxygen cylinder be replaced with a full
cylinder for emergency use?
A. When the cylinder contains under 600 psi

B. When the cylinder contains under 1 ,OOO psi
C. When the cylinder contains under 700 psi
D. When the cylinder contains under 500 psi
If you have a patient whose respirations
increase then decrease and they also
experience periods of apnea, what is
the correct medical term for this type of

respiration?
A. Cheyne-Stokes
B. Flail chest
C. Sarbanes-Oxley
D. Braxton-Hicks
What is the goal in adequately ventilating
shock patients?
A. To induce the acidotic state

B. To reduce the acidotic state
C. To normalize the acidotic state
D. All of the above
What practice maintains the head in a neutral
position while moving the jaw forward?
A. Airway adjunct
B. Chin lift
C. Head tilt-chin lift
D. Jaw thrust
What process is a passive process that
decreases the volume within the thoracic
cavity?
A. Exhalation
B. None of the above
C. Inhalation
D. Cramps
If the chest or abdominal wall only slightly
expand during inhalation. What type of
breathing would this be considered?

A. Labored breathing
B. Shallow breathing
C. Noisy breathing
D. Regular breathing
The levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
stream are a direct reflection of what?
A. AVP Process
B. Lung membrane ventilation
C. Alveolar ventilation
D. Pharyngeal Trapping
What should be done before and after
suctioning?
A. Dental check
B. Hyperoxygenation
C. Blind finger sweep
D. Continuation of suctioning
When a patient is suffering from constriction of the bronchioles, what can be heard during respirations?
A. Snoring
B. Wheezing
C. Gurgling
D. Nothing
What can heightened metabolic activity
cause?
A. Infrequent urination
B. Frequent urination
C. Elevated C02
D. Lowered C02
What flow rate can deliver a 80-100% oxygen

concentration when using a non-rebreather
mask?
A. 15-20 LPM
B. 8-10 LPM
C. 12-15 LPM
D. 10-15 LPM
In a healthy adult, what should the Pa02 be?
A. 85-11 OmmHg
B. Any of the above
C. 80-100mmHg
D. 60-1 OOmmHg
What structure lies directly behind the cricoid cartilage?
A. Esophagus
B. Trachea
C. Glottic opening
D. Epiglottis
What process is taking place when the diaphragm contracts?
A. Inhalation
B. None of the above
C. Cramps
D. Exhalation
What structure covers the glottic opening when swallowing?

B. Esophagus
C. Epiglottis
D. Trachea
Poor muscle tone of what area may lead to an

obstructed airway?
A. Zygote
B. Submandibular
C. Mandible
During respiration what is primarily transported throughout the body?
A. Oxygen from the air to the blood.

B. Solid waste products out of the body.
C. Pollutants from the body.
D. Nutrients to the blood cells.
What would be a direct reflection of alveolar
ventilation?
A. Both A and B
B. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. Oxygen in bloodstream
D. Neither A nor B
Where is the group of specialized olfactory
cells that are responsible for the sense of
smell located?
A. Inferior nasopharynx
B. Olfactory sacs
C. Superior nasopharynx
D. Superior mid-olfactory sacs
What does the following expression equal:
tidal volume x respiratory rate?

A. Rate per Minute
B. Hour Volume
C. Respiratory Rate
D. Minute Volume
Which item is leaf-shaped and is associationwith the vallecula?
A. Epiglottis
B. Thyroid
C. Hyoid
D. Arytenoid
Your patient is breathing fast and heavy to
the point that they are hyperventilating. What
will their body not retain?
A. Oxygen
B. Both A and B
C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Neither A nor B
What type of lubricant should be used for the
airway?
A. Water-based
B. Lubricant should never be used
C. Petroleum-based
D. Oil-based
What is the most superior region of the
pharynx called?
A. Esophagus
B. Nasopharynx
C. Oropharynx
D. Laryngopharynx
What is the name of the outermost layer of
the pleura?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Pleura
C. Pleura membrane
D. Pleura flexa
What can cause subcutaneous emphysema?
A. Ruptured Spleen
B. Ripped liver
C. Fractured Larynx
D. Fractured Esophagus
What structure connects the pharynx to the
trachea?
A. Larynx
B. Airway
C. Throat Lining
D. Epiglottis
What single membrane appears to be a
double membrane?
A. Pleura membrane
B. Parietal pleura
C. Pleura flexa
D. Pleura
At what rate does the Wright respirometer
measure peak flow?
A. 2 LPM
B. 3 LPM
C. 1 LPM
D. 4LPM
What causes respiratory alkalosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperventilation
D. Hypotension
What is determined by how easily the lungs
stretch?
A. Compliance
B. Accommodation
C. Flexibility
D. Extension
What is the longest interval of time that a
patient should be suctioned?
A. 30 seconds
B. 20 seconds
C. 1 5 seconds
D. 5 seconds
When you arrive on the scene to treat apatient you notice that their nail beds and
lips are starting to turn blue. This condition is known as: ?
A. Cyanosis
B. Cystitis
C. Dysphagia
D. Tachypnea
If no neck injury is suspected, what technique
should be used to open a patient's airway?
A. Jaw thrust
B. Head-tilt-chin-lift
C. Heimlich maneuver
D. Tongue-jaw lift
You are assessing an unconscious patient
and you suspect that they have an airway
obstruction, what would be the most common
cause of airway obstruction?
A. Foreign body
B. Emesis
C. Broken teeth
D. The tongue
All of the following are part of the respiratory

system except one. Which of the following is
not part of the respiratory system?
A. Nose
B. Lungs
C. Esophagus
D. Trachea
While assessing a patient's respiratory status you hear a harsh sound during inspiration. The correct term
for this is:?
A. Stridor
B. Rales
C. Rhonchi
D. Death rattle
You are sitting at a restaurant and suddenly
an adult patron is choking; what should you ?
A. Perform the Heimlich maneuver.

B. You are not on duty; do nothing.
D. Provide CPR.
Grunting, stridor, use of accessory muscles,
and nasal flaring are signs and symptoms of
what?
A. Labored respirations
B. Migraine headache
C. Shock
D. Gl hemorrhage
What is the American Heart
Association recommendation for the
compression-to-ventilation ratio used by all
single rescuers for all victims from infants
(not including newborns) through adults?
A. 20:01
B. 1 2:01
C. 15:02
D. 30:02
Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood
clot or some other particle that lodges in the
pulmonary artery. What factor can make an
individual predisposed to this condition?
A. Prolonged immobilization
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Thrombophlebitis
D. All of the above
Which of the following are the only
respiratory structures that allow exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood
and the environment?
A. Trachea
B. Pharynx
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
If you come across an infant less than 1 year
of age who is conscious with a severe airway
obstruction, what technique should be used
to clear their airway?
A. Heimlich Maneuver
B. Tongue-Jaw Lift
C. Blind Finger Sweeps
D. Back Blows or Chest Thrusts
What is the third structure that air passes through before entering the trachea?
A. Epiglottis
B. Oropharynx
C. Glottic opening
If you are giving artificial ventilation to an
adult, what is the correct rate?
A. 12 breaths per minute

B. 10 breaths per minute
C. 15 breaths per minute
D. 20 breaths per minute
You find a patient to be breathing normally (rate of 18 per minute), clear airway, normal pulse (72 strong
and regular), normal blood pressure (120/82 mmHg), normal skin condition, and blood glucose level of
5.1. You take a pulse oximetry reading to find that it is at 61%. What do you do?
A. Assume the pulse oximeter is incorrect

B. Administer oxygen at 1 5 liters per minute
C. via non-rebreather
D. Assist respirations with a bag valve mask
Your patient is breathing fast and heavy, and
she is hyperventilating. What will her body
retain?
A. Carbon Dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Neither A nor B
D. Both A and B
What are the air sacs in the lungs where the
exchange of oxygen from the lungs to the blood occurs named?
A. Trachea
B. Papules
C. Bronchioles
D. Alveoli
What practice maintains the head in the
neutral position while moving the jaw
forward?
A. Jaw thrust
B. Chin lift
C. Airway adjunct
D. Head tilt-chin lift
All of the descriptions below are true of the
bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation system
except one. Which statement does not apply
to the use of a bag-valve mask system?
A. A The BVM is a one-size-fits-all system once the appropriate oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal

airway system has been selected and inserted.
B. The BVM can be attached to an oxygen supply to deliver oxygen concentration greater than
atmospheric oxygen levels of 21%.
C. The BVM delivers atmospheric air containing 21 % oxygen as compared to air exhaled form a
responder's lungs, which contains 10-16% oxygen.
D. The BVM should be used after inserting either an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway of
appropriate size.
You are attempting to gather information
from a patient, but he is having a hard time
trying to communicate because he was hit
in the throat by a baseball bat, damaging
his vocal chords. What is the function of the
vocal cords?
A. To regulate the passage of air into the trachea

B. Both A and B
C. To produce sound
D. Neither A nor B
All of the statements below apply to using
suctioning systems to help maintain a clear
airway except one. Which statement about
using suctioning systems to help maintain a
clear airway is incorrect?
A. Rotate the tip of the suctioning unit as it is removed from the mouth, nose, or stoma
B. Only turn on the suctioning system once the suction tip is completely inserted
C. If high volumes of fluids are present, turn the patient on his/her side and then suction
D. Continue suctioning system use while delivering ventilations to keep fluids clear of the airway
What should you measure to ensure that you
select the proper length oropharyngeal airway
for a patient?
A. From the chin to the tip of their earlobe

B. From the teeth to the bottom of their neck
C. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of their earlobe
D. From the nose to the tip of their earlobe
What is the normal breathing rate for an
adult?
A. 21-25 breaths per minute

B. 5-8 breaths per minute
C. 12-20 breaths per minute
D. 8-10 breaths per minute
What is the name for the structure that is
encompassed by the soft palate above and
the epiglottis below?
A. The nasopharynx
B. The pharynx
C. The larynx
D. The oropharynx
For which of the following patients is airway
obstruction a major concern?

D. A child
Which of the following are common cause(s) of a compromised airway?
A. Trauma
B. All of the above
C. Burns
D. The tongue
Air passes through several structures once
taken in; what is the last structure before
entering the trachea?
A. Oropharynx
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Epiglottis
D. Vocal cords
All types of people are predisposed to all
types of medical problems. What are tall,
thin men between 20 and 40 years old
predisposed to?
A. Ruptured spleen
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Bronchitis
D. Thrombophlebitis
Which of the following will not interfere with
the accuracy of a pulse oximeter?
A. Hypoperfusion
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
C. Hypertension
D. Edema in the fingers
Certain patients display what is referred to
as "pink puffers," or the polycythemia that

occurs as an excess of red blood cells are
produced. What would these patients suffer
from?
A. Sickle Cell Anemia

B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pneumonia
What is the name for the leaf-shaped
structure that prevents food and liquid from
entering the trachea during swallowing?
A. The epiglottis
B. The larynx
C. The pharynx
D. The uvula
All of the statements below are true of
treating patients who are hyperventilating
except one. Which statement is not true of
treating patients who are hyperventilating?
A. Monitor the patient for changes in vitalsigns

B. Watch for cyanosis or other signs of inadequate breathing
C. Encourage the patient to slow his/her breathing rate
D. If the patient has a prescription for nitroglycerin, assist them with their medication
Which of the following should you measure
to ensure a patient receives the proper size
nasopharyngeal airway?
A. The entire length of the nose

B. The diameter of their little finger
D. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe
What is the dome-shaped muscle that causes

the lungs to inflate during inhalation?
A. Alveolus
B. Aorta
C. Diaphragm
D. Maxilla
Coughing up blood can indicate all of the
following except one. Which of the following
is least likely to cause a patient to cough up
blood?
A. A punctured lung
B. A chest wound
C. A fractured rib
D. A heart attack
All of the descriptions below relate to the
use of nasopharyngeal airways except one.
Which Statement does not apply to the use Of
nasopharyngeal airways?
A. Unlike oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes do not require the repositioning of a

patient's head or prying the patient's mouth open.
B. Nasopharyngeal airways are more appropriate than oropharyngeal airways when dealing with
patients who have a gag reflex.
C. Nasopharyngeal airways' diameter should be sized to match the nostril opening (or patient's
little finger diameter) and its length should be sized from the patient's nose to the patient's
earlobe
D. Nasopharyngeal airways are preferred alternatives to oropharyngeal airways when a patient has
injuries to the teeth, mouth, oral cavity, face, or head. While administering artificial ventilations to
a patient, you hear a gurgling sound. What

should you immediately do?
A. Transport the patient to the hospital.

B. Suction the patient.
C. Turn the patient on their left side.
D. Place the patient in the shock position.

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1.What is the last organ that air has to pass through prior to entering the trachea?

2.What is the inferior region of the pharynx called?

A. Has a normal pulse

7.What is the middle region of the pharynx called?

12.What would be considered a normal respiratory rate for an adult?

15.What can too much pressure when ventilating a patient cause?

A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

21.What injury could affect the pulmonary ventilation process ?

A. Vocal cord eruption

24.The correct percentage of oxygen in atmospheric air is:

25What divides the upper and lower airway?

26.What are the visceral pleura most associated with ?

28.The narrowest portion of the infant's upper airway is:

33.What is the most superior region of the pharynx called?

35.What can cause subcutaneous emphysema?

A. Head tilt-chin lift

38.What would be a direct reflection of alveolar ventilation?

39.What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?

40.What process is taking place when the diaphragm contracts?

41.Poor muscle tone of what area may lead to an obstructed airway?

44.What type of lubricant should be used for the airway?

45.What is the goal in adequately ventilating shock patients?

A. To induce the acidotic state

47.In a healthy adult, what should the Pa02 be?

48.What structure lies directly behind the cricoid cartilage?

50.What causes respiratory alkalosis?

51.During respiration what is primarily transported throughout the body?

A. Pollutants from the body.

54.What single membrane appears to be a double membrane?

55.What structure covers the glottic opening when swallowing?

What is the name of the outermost layer of the pleura?

Which item is leaf-shaped and is association with the vallecula?

What can heightened metabolic activity cause?

What should be done before and after suctioning?

A. Blind finger sweep

What divides the upper and lower airways?

What is the longest interval of time that a patient should be suctioned?

A. From the teeth to the bottom of their neck

B. Unlike oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes do not require the repositioning of a

C. Nasopharyngeal airways' diameter should

A. Transport the patient to the hospital.

A. 10 breaths per minute

A. Administer oxygen at 1 5 liters per minute via non-rebreather

For which of the following patients is airway obstruction a major concern?

A. One who is bleeding from the forearm

What is the normal breathing rate for an adult?

A. 8-10 breaths per minute

D. Rotate the tip of the suctioning unit as it is

B. Watch for cyanosis or other signs of inadequate breathing

C. Monitor the patient for changes in vital signs

Which of the following are common cause(s)

A. Head tilt-chin lift

A. Blind Finger Sweeps

A. From the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe

Which respiratory structure is palpable just above the sternum?

Which of the following is the most common cause of airway obstruction?

A. Trauma to the airway

Narrowing of which of the following structures causes stridor?

What is the most appropriate treatment for someone in respiratory failure?