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    Lecture-24 September 09-2020 - MA - 2020-2021

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    Ayush Lolusare

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    Lecture-24 September 09-2020 - MA - 2020-2021

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Lolusare
    2 views13 pages

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    24. Lecture-24 September 09-2020_MA_2020-2021 (1)

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views13 pages

    Lecture-24 September 09-2020 - MA - 2020-2021

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Lolusare

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Feedforward Control

     Objective - anticipate the effect of disturbances that


    will upset the process by sensing and compensating
    for them before they affect the process
     Mathematical model captures the effect of the
    disturbance on the process
     Complete compensation for the disturbance is difficult
    due to variations, imperfections in the mathematical
    model and imperfections in the control actions
     Usually combined with regulatory control
     Regulatory control and feedforward control are more
    closely associated with process industries
    Feedforward Control
    Combined with Feedback Control
    Feedforward Control
    Combined with Feedback Control
    Steady-State Optimization

    Class of optimization techniques in which the


    process exhibits the following characteristics:
    1. Well-defined index of performance (IP)
    2. Known relationship between process variables
    and IP
    3. System parameter values that optimize IP can be
    determined mathematically
     Open-loop system
     Optimization techniques include differential calculus,
    mathematical programming, etc.
    Steady State (Open-Loop)
    Optimal Control
    Steady-State Optimization Limitations

    It works successfully when there are no


    disturbances that invalidate the known relationship
    between process parameters and process
    performance.
    Adaptive Control
     Because steady-state optimization is open-loop, it cannot
    compensate for disturbances
     Adaptive control is a self-correcting form of optimal control
    that includes feedback control
     Measures the relevant process variables during
    operation (feedback control)
     Uses a control algorithm that attempts to optimize some
    index of performance (optimal control)
    Adaptive Control Operates in a
    Time-Varying Environment
     Adaptive control is distinguished from feedback control
    and steady-state optimal control by its unique capability
    to cope with a time-varying environment.
     The environment changes over time and the changes
    have a potential effect on system performance
     If the control algorithm is fixed, the system may perform
    quite differently in one environment than in another
     An adaptive control system is designed to compensate
    for its changing environment by altering some aspect of
    its control algorithm to achieve optimal performance
    Three Functions in Adaptive Control
    1. Identification function – current value of IP is
    determined based on measurements of process
    variables
    2. Decision function – decide what changes should be
    made to improve system performance
     Change one or more input parameters
     Alter some internal function of the controller
    3. Modification function – implement the decision
    function
     Concerned with physical changes (hardware
    rather than software)
    Adaptive Control System
    Adaptive Control Example
     It is most applicable at levels 2 and 3.
     In adaptive control machining, the changes in process
    variables such as cutting force, power and vibration are
    used to effect control over process parameters such as
    cutting speed and feed rate.
    On-Line Search Strategies
     Special class of adaptive control in which the
    decision function cannot be sufficiently defined
     Relationship between input parameters and IP is
    not known, or not known well enough to
    implement the previous form of adaptive control
     Instead, experiments are performed on the process
     Small systematic changes are made in input
    parameters to observe effects
     Based on observed effects, larger changes are made
    to drive the system toward optimal performance
    On-Line Search Strategies
     These are rarely used in discrete product
    manufacturing industries but more common in the
    continuous process industries.

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