Gibson Theory

THEORY
OF
PERCEPTI
JJ GIBSON
ON
María Alejandra Díaz Bustamante ID: 654158
Laura Paola Parra Cuervo ID: 657705
Claudia Jineth Sánchez García ID: 663604
He was born on
History
January 27, 1904
and
died on December 11, 1979
in United States.
He was in the army air force
where he did visual aptitude
tests for the selection of
He studied aspiring pilots.
philosophy and then Joined World War II in 1941
The National Academies Press. ( 1994).
experimental and 1942.
psychology,
obtaining a
Gibson entered psychology in the 1920s studying
with members of the generation that brought
experimental psychology and the ideas of Sigmund
Freud to America from Europe.
In the 1930s Gibson became a respected

experimenter, working on human behavior and
perception.
At the
beginning of
his academic
career,
Gibson
considered
himself a
(Reed, 1988)
behaviorist.
By developing his own psychological theory,

anchored to the neorealism of Holt (his
mentor), today it is known as ecological
psychology.
In Gibson's work, we recognize
easily the convergence of three
theoretical influences:
• ER behaviorism putting more

emphasis on STIMULUS.
• Gestalt psychology, of whom
adopts the primary character of the
perception versus experience.
• The implicit psychophysical
conception
at Brunswi Probabilistic ism
Works . (Aznar,
(Reed, 1988)
2017)
Gibson continued teaching and psychology student, they got
0 researching at Cornell for the

rest of his life, he continued
as a teacher after his 03
married
On September 17, 1932, they had
two children and more than his wife
1 retirement in 1972 . was his

assistant, sharing point of view
view on how to perform
research and interest in
psychology of perception.
0
Until the end of his life he
continued to write articles and
04
discuss ideas by holding his James Gibson admired people
“Thursday afternoon seminars” (Neisser 1981) who knew how to do things well
and insisted on doing things
cited by the book's author.
himself. He wanted to understand both
Gibson met Eleanor Jack one
practical and theoretical skills.
(Reed, 1988)
His most works
recognized were
1) The perception of the visual
world (1950).
2) The senses considered as
perceptual systems (1966).
3) The ecological approach to
visual perception (1979).
Sensati
on The Gibson Book (1996)
It is based on a study naturally

BEHAVIORAL OF THE
PERCEPTION since
“Perception has to do with the

environment” (Gibson, cited by Cabrera,
Covarrubias, and Jiménez (2017).
and not as such a processing

mental of sensations.
The role of the organism is
highlighted
The organism is not a passive receptor of SENSATIONS but an

active one 1 —
So these are referred to as ACTS:
TOUCH, SMELL, TASTE, LOOK, LISTEN

These are a joint interaction
That's where he calls

them
PERCEPTUAL SYSTEMS
Its main initial function
Obtain information from the

environment
...
Direct Perception ...
Perception is not constructed through an interpretation
of sensory data by the perceiver, but rather perception is a
direct function of the stimulus. (Aznar, 2017)
Ecological
Theory
Environmental properties are perceived not as different and isolated points
but as significant entities within a certain ecological context of interrelated
variables. (CRAI, University of Barcelona, 2020)
... Affordances: Enablers ...
of action
Action enabler (affordance) is a property of an
environmental surface that generates action
opportunities for an organism (Cabrera, Covarrubias, & Jiménez, 2017) .
...
What is your affordance? ...
...
What is your affordance? ...
...
Considerations ..
★ ★ Gibson does not exclude the influence of
motivations, learning, etc., on perceptual activity, since
it is possible that this influences the stimuli that we
attend to or do not attend to (Aznar, 2017) .
★ In the environment there is more information than the
organism is capable of registering, whether due to
biological, developmental or educational limitations
(Calixto and Herrera, 2010).
★ Donald Norman and affordance: perceived as a

necessity of designed objects, in allowing the user to
intuit, just by looking at them, the way in which they
should be used (Caballero y mercado, 2018)
...
References ...4
Aznar, A. (2017): Psychology of visual perception. http://www.ub.edu/pa1/node/113
Caballero, A and Mercado, O. (2018). Affordance and Design . Metropolitan Autonomous University,
Mexico.
http://www.cua.uam.mx/pdfs/conoce/libroselec/affordance.pdf
Cabrera, F; Covarrubias, P and Jiménez A (2017). Book review: The senses considered as perceptual
systems by James J. Gibson (1966). Behavioral, International Journal of Interbehaviorism and
Behavior Analysis, Vol 5, No. 1, 34-37.
http://conductual.com/articulos/Los%20sentidos%20considerados%20como%20sistemas%20p
erceptuales%20de%20James%20J.%20Gibson.pdf
Calixto. R and Herrera. L. (2010). Study on perceptions and environmental education. Time to Educate,
vol. 11, No. 22, 227-249. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/311/31121072004.pdf
...
References ...4
CRAI, University of Barcelona. (2020). Gibson's ecological perspective.
http://www.ub.edu/psicologia_ambiental/unidad-2-tema-2-3-4#:~:text=La%20percepci%C3%B3n
%20es%20hol%C3%ADstica%20e,de%20variables %20related%20between%20s%C3%AD.9
Doorey, M. ( 2020). James J. Gibson American Psychology and Philosopher.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-J-Gibson
Reed, E. ( 1988). James J Gibson and the psychology of perception.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xp3nmm
New World Encyclopedia. ( 2018). J. J Gibson.

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/J._J._Gibson
The National Academies Press. ( 1994). Biographical Memoirs, Chapter 7, Vol, 63.
https://www.nap.edu/read/4560/chapter/10

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THEORY

In the 1930s Gibson became a respected

By developing his own psychological theory,

• ER behaviorism putting more

0 researching at Cornell for the

1 retirement in 1972 . was his

It is based on a study naturally

“Perception has to do with the

and not as such a processing

The organism is not a passive receptor of SENSATIONS but an

So these are referred to as ACTS:

TOUCH, SMELL, TASTE, LOOK, LISTEN

That's where he calls

Its main initial function

Obtain information from the

★ Donald Norman and affordance: perceived as a

Doorey, M. ( 2020). James J. Gibson American Psychology and Philosopher.

Reed, E. ( 1988). James J Gibson and the psychology of perception.

New World Encyclopedia. ( 2018). J. J Gibson.

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