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    Anscircuit 5

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    lingfurinachen

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    Anscircuit 5

    Uploaded by

    lingfurinachen
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    anscircuit5

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    Anscircuit 5

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    Electric Circuits Name:

    Mathematical Relationships in Circuits


    Read from Lessons 2 and 3 of the Current Electricity chapter at The Physics Classroom:
    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/circuits/u9l2c.cfm
    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/circuits/u9l2d.cfm
    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/circuits/u9l3c.cfm
    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/circuits/u9l3d.cfm
    MOP Connection: Electric Circuits: sublevels 5 and 6
    1. Matching: Identify the units on the following electrical quantities by placing a letter in the blank.
    The unit of charge is the ___Coulombs (choice A)___. Choices: A. Coulombs
    The unit of electric potential is the ___Volts (choice C)___. B. Amperes
    The unit of power is the ___Watts (choice F)___. C. Volts
    The unit of potential energy is the ___Joules (choice E)___. D. Ohms
    The unit of current is the ___Amperes (choice B)___. E. Joules
    The unit of resistance is the ___Ohms (choice D)___. F. Watts

    2. An electric potential diagram is a useful means of representing the potential of a positive charge as
    it moves around a circuit. The electric potential of a charge at strategic locations in a circuit is
    represented on a chart. Points on the circuit where the charge has the highest potential are located
    highest on the chart; points of lowest potential are located lowest on the charts. At some points on
    the circuit, charges have approximately the same amount of potential. Construct electric potential
    diagrams for the following circuits. Label the points.
    a. b.

    F, E
    H, G

    D, C F, E

    D, C
    B, A
    B, A

    3. Given the circuit at the right with the listed


    current and resistance values, determine the
    electric potential at the indicated positions.
    Note that you are to find the electric potential
    (or voltage) and NOT the electric potential
    difference (or voltage drop).
    VA = __24__ V VB = __16__ V

    VC = __12__ V VD = __12__ V

    VE = __0__ V

    4. Determine the following quantities for the circuit in question #3 above. PSYW
    a. The overall power. b. The power of the 6-ohm light bulb.
    P = I•∆V = (2 A)•(24 V) = 48 W P = I2•R = (2 A)2•(6 ") = 24 W
    c. The overall resistance. d. The energy used by the circuit in 10 minutes.
    R = ∆V/I = (24 V)/(2 A) = 12 ! ∆E = P•t = (48 W)•(600 s) = 2.88x104 J

    © The Physics Classroom, 2020 Page 1


    Electric Circuits

    Show your work for the following problems.


    5. a. Determine the amount of energy used when listening to your 5.0-Watt IPod Nano for 10 hours.
    A time of 10 hours is equivalent to 36000 seconds.
    ∆E = P•t = (5.0 W)•(36000 s) = 1.8x105 J
    b. Determine the resistance of the IPod if it uses a 5.2 Volt battery.
    Use P = ∆V2/R; rearrange to R = ∆V2/P; substitute 5.2 V for ∆V and 5.0 W for P.
    P = (5.2 V)2/(5.0 W) = 5.4 ! (5.408 ")
    c. What quantity of charge passes through the IPod battery during this 10-hr time period?
    First find the current using I = P/∆V; the current is (5.0 W)/(5.2 V) = 0.9615 … Amp
    Now use I = Q/t to determine the quantity of charge (Q); the time is 36000 seconds.
    Q = I•t = (0.9615 … Amp)•(36000 seconds) = 3.5x104 Coulombs (34615.3 … C)

    6. a. Calculate the energy used and current drawn by a 200-W window fan when plugged into a 110-V
    outlet and left on for an 8-hr time period.
    The equation P = I•∆V can be used to determine the current.
    I = P/∆V = (200 W)/(110 V) = 1.8 Amp (1.81818 … A)
    The energy used is given by the equation ∆E = P•t where t= 8 hr = 2.88x104 seconds.
    ∆E = P•t = (200 W)•(2.88x104 s) = 5.8x106 J (5760000 J)

    b. Calculate the energy used and the current drawn by a 3400-W air conditioner that is wired to a
    220-V circuit and left on for an 8-hr time period.
    The equation P = I•∆V can be used to determine the current.
    I = P/∆V = (3400 W)/(220 V) = 15 Amp (15.4545 … A)
    The energy used is given by the equation ∆E = P•t where t= 8 hr = 2.88x104 seconds.
    ∆E = P•t = (3400 W)•(2.88x104 s) = 9.8x107 J (97920000 J)

    7. A 2000-W hand dryer in a public bathroom at a zoo runs for 30 seconds per cycle. At a cost of 13
    cents per kW•hr, determine the cost of running the dryer 200 times in a day.
    The total time of operation of the hand dryer is 200•(30 s) = 6000 s = 1.666… hr.
    ∆E = P•t = (2.0 kW)•(1.666… hr) = 3.33 … kW•hr
    Daily Cost = (3.33 … kW•hr)•($0.13/kW•hr) = $0.43 = 43 cents ($0.433333 …)

    What is the annual cost of the hand dryer assuming it is used on average 200 times per day?
    Annual Cost = Daily Cost • 365.25 days/year
    Annual Cost = ($0.433333 …/day)•(365.25 days/year ) = $160/year ($158.275/year)

    Calculate the resistance and the current for the hand dryer if it is connected to a 220-V circuit.
    To find the resistance, use the equation P = ∆V2/R; it rearranges to R = ∆V2/P.
    R = ∆V2/P = (220-V)2/(2000 W) = 24 ! (24.2 ")

    To find the current, use the equation P = I•∆V; it rearranges to I = P/∆V.


    I = P/∆V = (2000 W)/(220 V) = 9.1 A (9.0909 … A)

    © The Physics Classroom, 2020 Page 2

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