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    Lecture 03 Cse3103 Database Fall 2023

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    ABU DOJANA

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    Lecture 03 Cse3103 Database Fall 2023

    Uploaded by

    ABU DOJANA
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    LECTURE 03 CSE3103 DATABASE FALL 2023

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    4 views13 pages

    Lecture 03 Cse3103 Database Fall 2023

    Uploaded by

    ABU DOJANA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    ©NAZMUS SAKIB 1

    Instances and Schemas


    • Schema– describe the overall design of the database.
    • Physical schema– Overall physical structure of the database.
    • Logical Schema – Overall logical structure of the database
    • Example: The database consists of information about a set of
    customers and address and the relationship between them.

    • Sub Schema– Describe the different views of the database.

    3
    Instances

    4
    Instances and Schemas
    • Instance – the actual Database Applications content of the database at a
    particular point in time.
    • Analogous to the value of a variable.

    5
    Instances and Schemas
    Data Independence – Application that ensures the protection of data or
    structure is stored.

    • Physical Data Independence – the ability to modify


    the physical schema without changing the logical
    schema
    • Applications depend on the logical schema
    • In general, the interfaces between the various levels and
    components should be well defined so that changes in
    some parts do not seriously influence others.

    • Logical Data Independence – the ability to modify


    the logical schema without changing the View Level.

    6
    Database Users & DBA Activities
    • Application Programmer
    • Sophisticated User
    • Specialized User
    • Naïve User

    Database
    7
    Data Definition Language (DDL)
    • Specification notation for defining the database schema
    Example: create table instructor (
    ID char(5),
    name varchar(20),
    dept_name varchar(20),
    salary numeric(8,2))
    • DDL compiler generates a set of table templates stored in a data dictionary
    • Data dictionary contains metadata (i.e., data about data)
    • Database schema
    • Integrity constraints
    • Primary key (ID uniquely identifies instructors)
    • Authorization
    • Who can access what

    8
    Data Manipulation Language (DML)
    • Language for accessing and manipulating the data organized by the
    appropriate data model
    • DML also known as query language (Procedural &Declarative)

    • Two classes of languages


    • Pure – used for proving properties about computational power and for
    optimization
    • Relational Algebra
    • Tuple relational calculus
    • Domain relational calculus
    • Commercial – used in commercial systems
    • SQL is the most widely used commercial language

    9
    Database Architecture: Centralized Database

    10
    Database Architecture: Client Server Database

    11
    Database Architecture: Parallel Database

    12
    Database Architecture: Distributed Database

    13
    ©NAZMUS SAKIB 14

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