MSS SP 127-2014a

MSS SP-127-2014a
Bracing for Piping Systems:

Seismic – Wind – Dynamic
Design, Selection, and Application
Note: This 2014a Edition Replaces

the Original 2014 Edition.
Standard Practice
Developed and Approved by the
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the
Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
127 Park Street, NE
Vienna, Virginia 22180-4602
Phone: (703) 281-6613 www.mss-hq.org
Fax: (703) 281-6671
E-mail: [email protected]
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127
This MSS Standard Practice was developed under the consensus of the MSS Technical Committee 403 and the
MSS Coordinating Committee. The content of this Standard Practice is the resulting efforts of competent and
experienced volunteers to provide an effective, clear, and non-exclusive standard that will benefit the industry as
a whole. This MSS Standard Practice describes minimal requirements and is intended as a basis for common
practice by the manufacturer, the user, and the general public. The existence of an MSS Standard Practice does
not in itself preclude the manufacture, sale, or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice. Mandatory
conformance to this Standard Practice is established only by reference in other documents such as a code,
specification, sales contract, or public law, as applicable. MSS has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce or
certify compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements
of this Standard Practice shall not be attributable to MSS and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker
of the statement.
“Unless indicated otherwise within this MSS Standard Practice, other standards documents referenced to herein
are identified by the date of issue that was applicable to this Standard Practice at the date of approval of this MSS
Standard Practice (see Annex E). This Standard Practice shall remain silent on the validity of those other
standards of prior or subsequent dates of issue even though applicable provisions may not have changed.”
By publication of this Standard Practice, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any potential claim(s) or
of any patent rights in connection therewith. MSS shall not be held responsible for identifying any patent rights. Users
are expressly advised that determination of patent rights and the risk of infringement of such rights are entirely their
responsibility.
In this Standard Practice, all text, notes, annexes, tables, figures, and references are construed to be essential
to the understanding of the message of the standard, and are considered normative unless indicated as
“supplemental”. All appendices, if included, that appear in this document are construed as “supplemental”.
Note that supplemental information does not include mandatory requirements.
U.S. customary units in this Standard Practice are the standard; the (SI) metric units are for reference only.
This Standard Practice has been substantially revised from the previous 2001 edition. It is
suggested that if the user is interested in knowing what changes have been made, that direct
page by page comparison should be made of this document and that of the previous edition.
Non-toleranced dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal unless otherwise specified.
Excerpts of this Standard Practice may be quoted with permission. Credit lines should read ‘Extracted from
MSS SP-127-2014a with permission of the publisher, Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
Fittings Industry.' Reproduction and/or electronic transmission or dissemination is prohibited under copyright
convention unless written permission is granted by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve
and Fittings Industry Inc. All rights reserved.
Originally Approved: February 2001

Originally Published: May 2001
Current Edition Approved: July 2013
Current Edition Published: February 2014
MSS is a registered trademark of Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
Copyright  2014 by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the
Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.
i
FOREWORD
This Standard Practice was developed by representatives from pipe hanger manufacturers that are MSS member
companies in good standing. It is constructed based on analysis, the current practice at the time, and on the
collective feedback and experience of the industry. This Standard Practice is intended for use with non-critical,
standard commercial and industrial systems. There is a companion Standard Practice, ANSI/MSS SP-58, which
relates to the materials, design, manufacture, selection, application, and installation of pipe hangers and supports.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................................................... 1
3 APPLICATION ..................................................................................................................................... 1
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................. 2
5 SELECTION PROCEDURE – SINGLE PIPES ................................................................................... 4
6 SELECTION PROCEDURE – TRAPEZE HANGERS ....................................................................... 4
7 PIPE BRACING DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................. 5
8 INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................. 6
9 INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6
10 SPECIAL BRACE TYPES ................................................................................................................... 6
TABLE
1 Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Seismic Design Force ............................................................. 7
1M Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Seismic Design Force – (SI) Metric Units ................................... 8
2 Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force ................................................................. 9
2M Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force – (SI) Metric Units ............................... 10
3 Fasteners: Load Data for Bolts ............................................................................................................ 11
3M Fasteners: Load Data for (SI) Metric Bolts ......................................................................................... 11
3.1 Fasteners: Load Data for Expansion Bolts in Concrete ....................................................................... 12
3.2 Fasteners: Load Data for Embedded Bolts Cast in Concrete .............................................................. 12
3.3 Fasteners: Load Data for Lag Bolts or Lag Screws in Wood .............................................................. 13
4 Minimum Design Load Ratings for Brace Assemblies ....................................................................... 13
FIGURE
1 Cable (Wire Rope) Brace Requirements ..........................................................................................14

2 Typical Brace Members and Allowable Loads ................................................................................15
2M Typical Brace Members and Allowable Loads – (SI) Metric Units .................................................16
3 Typical Brace and Pipe Hanger Attachments ...................................................................................17
4 Typical Structural Attachments ........................................................................................................18
5 Typical Rod Stiffener Components ..................................................................................................19
6 Pipe Supports that Also Act as Braces .............................................................................................20
ANNEX
A Calculating Loads on Rods and Braces for Braced Hangers ............................................................21

B Example of Brace Assembly Drawing ..............................................................................................26
C Graphical Solution – Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force ..........................27
CM Graphical Solution – Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force – (SI) Metric ..........28
D Examples of Determining Lateral Brace Requirements for Seismic and Wind Loads .....................29
E Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates ....................................................................................32
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This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry
iv
BRACING FOR PIPING SYSTEMS:

SEISMIC – WIND – DYNAMIC DESIGN, SELECTION, AND APPLICATION
1. SCOPE
1.1 This Standard Practice establishes the 3. APPLICATION

material, design, fabrication, and inspection
criteria to be used in the manufacture, selection, 3.1 All piping systems subjected to seismic
and application of standard types of bracing loading shall be braced for seismic forces in
assemblies. accordance with the requirements of this
Standard Practice, unless otherwise defined in
1.2 This Standard Practice presents local and/or national building codes or
recommended guidelines for providing stability regulations.
in piping systems for protection against seismic,
wind, and other dynamic forces. 3.1.1 The charts below identify which size
pipes require bracing for designated seismic
1.3 This Standard Practice is intended for use design categories and importance factors.
on piping systems where formal engineered
bracing design may not have been performed. Pipe Bracing
Note that local and/or national building codes or Seismic Design Category (SDC)
regulations may supersede or augment these Ip A, B C D, E, F
requirements. Not NPS 3½ and
1.0 Required
Not Required
Larger
1.4 This Standard Practice applies to rigidly Not NPS 2½ and NPS 1¼ and
1.5 Required Larger Larger
connected metallic pipe only (welded, flanged, (Source: ASCE 7, Section 13.6.8; with additional
mechanical-jointed, etc.). For other types of pipe exemptions from Section 13.1.4)
and pipe connections, contact the applicable
pipe manufacturer for information. Trapeze Supported Pipe Bracing
Seismic Design Category (SDC)
2. OBJECTIVE Ip A, B C D, E, F
Not **10 lbs./ft. and
2.1 To serve as a bracing standard, that 1.0 Required
Not Required
Greater
includes selection and application, for seismic, Not *10 lbs./ft. and ***10 lbs./ft. and
wind, and other dynamic forces. This Standard 1.5 Required Greater Greater
Practice can be referenced in whole or in part if (Source: ASCE 7, Section 13.6.8; with additional
so designated. exemptions from Section 13.1.4)
NOTES:
2.2 To serve as a guide to proven industry * Required if any pipe is NPS 2½ and larger.
practice during engineering design and writing ** Required if any pipe is NPS 3½ and larger.
of job specifications covering seismic, wind, and *** Required if any pipe is NPS 1¼ and larger.
other dynamic bracing of piping systems.
3.1.2 The Seismic Design Category (SDC) and
2.3 To provide the erector with information on Component Importance Factor (Ip) are
types of seismic, wind, and other dynamic typically found on the project structural
bracing to be used for specific applications and drawings or the project specifications. In
installations, where such information is not general, the Engineer of Record determines
already provided. these parameters.
2.4 To serve as a companion document to 3.1.3 Seismic Design Category (SDC) is a

ANSI/MSS SP-58. ANSI/MSS SP-58 also classification assigned to a structure based on
provides definitions used in this Standard its Occupancy Category and the severity of the
Practice. design earthquake ground motion at the site, as
defined in Chapter 11 of ASCE 7.
1
3.1.4 All non-structural components are 4.3 Lateral wind bracing shall be spaced at a
assigned a Component Importance Factor (Ip) maximum span (Lmax) between lateral braces as
of 1.0 or 1.5 based on their function. The provided in Tables 2 and 2M, or Annexes C and
default value is 1.0, but is increased to 1.5 if the CM for expected basic wind speed (V).
component is required to function for life-
safety purposes after an earthquake, contains 4.4 Each run of pipe shall require longitudinal
hazardous materials, or is in or attached to an bracing. Lateral braces shall be allowed to act as
Occupancy Category IV structure (essential longitudinal braces if the bracing is installed
facility as defined in ASCE 7) and is needed for within the greater of two (2) ft. (610 mm) or
the continued operation of the facility or its three (3) times the pipe diameter of a change in
failure could impair the continued operation of direction, provided the lateral brace has the
the facility. capacity to handle the additional longitudinal
load.
3.2 All piping systems subject to wind loading
shall be braced for wind forces in accordance 4.5 Expansion and contraction of piping
with the requirements contained in this Standard systems shall be considered when designing and
Practice unless otherwise defined in the local locating braces. Bracing shall not adversely
building codes or other regulations. affect the thermal movement of the piping
system.
3.3 Bracing of fire sprinkler systems shall be in
accordance with NFPA 13, and as required by 4.6 Each offset in a pipe run that is greater than
the applicable building code. 1/16 of the maximum brace spacing shall be
braced.
3.4 All piping systems subject to other dynamic
loading shall be braced as required (see Section 4.7 The longitudinal bracing requirement for
4.25.3). an individual location may be more severe than
those addressed in Sections 4.4 and 4.5, as in the
3.5 Bracing shall not be required for the case of water hammer or sudden stoppage of
following conditions: flow.
a) Where piping is supported by individual
4.8 Braces, where required, shall be installed at
hangers and each hanger in the piping run is
12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the or as close as practical to a hanger location.
top of the pipe to the supporting structure.
4.9 Where practical, bracing should be
Where rod hangers are used they shall be
concentric. All parts and fittings making up the
equipped with swivels, eye nuts, or other
devices to prevent bending in the rod.
bracing assembly should act in a straight line to
avoid eccentric loading on component parts and
b) Where piping is supported on a trapeze and fasteners.
the trapeze is supported by hangers having a
length of 12 in. (305 mm) or less. Where rod 4.10 Because a brace may act in compression
hangers are used they shall be equipped with as well as tension, it is necessary to size the
swivels, eye nuts, or other devices to prevent brace to prevent buckling. This does not apply to
bending in the rod. cable braces, which act in tension only.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.11 For individual braces, the slenderness

ratio (l/r) shall not exceed 200, where “l” is the
4.1 Piping systems shall be braced to resist both effective length of the brace and “r” is the least
lateral and longitudinal horizontal forces. radius of gyration.
4.2 Lateral seismic bracing shall be spaced at a 4.12 Piping systems incorporating vibration-
maximum span (Lmax) between lateral braces as isolation and control devices may not be braced
provided in Tables 1 and 1M for the expected with rigid braces that would transmit the
seismic short period spectral acceleration (SDS). vibration to the building structure.
2
The use of slip fittings or isolation 4.21 Typical brace members are shown in
grommets/washers, may be used in the design of Figures 2 and 2M. ANSI/MSS SP-58, Type 47,
the bracing assemblies to interrupt the vibration Restraint Control Devices, are common brace
path. components.
4.13 Cable bracing shall be in accordance with 4.22 Recommended devices permitting
Figure 1. connection of braces to both the pipe and the
building structure are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
4.14 Steel cables/wire rope assemblies shall be However, alternate means of attachment,
in accordance with ASTM A1023/A1023M. capable of handling the expected loads, are
Stainless steel cables shall comply with ASTM acceptable.
A492.
4.23 Structural attachments shall be designed
4.15 When cables are used for braces, they for shear and tensile loads and should consider
shall oppose each other in order to provide the eccentricity of the connection. See Table
bracing for forces acting 180 degrees apart. 3(3M) through Table 3.3, as applicable, for
Cables shall be tightened to remove slack, bolted attachments. See the AISC Steel
except as provided in Section 4.12. Construction Manual for welded attachments.
4.16 A cable seismic brace should have 4.24 Concrete embedment’s, anchor bolts, and
independent cables attached from structure to the expansion shields shall be designed for seismic,
braced service (e.g., piping, etc.) to resist the wind, or dynamic forces. See Table 3(3M)
opposing seismic force created during an event. through Table 3.3, as applicable.
In the case of a lateral or longitudinal (traverse)
only seismic brace, this will be two (2) 4.25 Determination of Bracing Forces
independent cables. In the case of a four-way
4.25.1 Seismic Loads The loads for both
brace, this will be four (4) independent cables. A
lateral and longitudinal bracing (FS) shall be
continuous cable simply wrapped around the pipe
calculated using Tables 1 and 1M.
and attached to two structural attachment points
is not an acceptable method of bracing. 4.25.2 Wind Loads The load for lateral
bracing (Fw) shall be calculated using Tables 2
4.17 A length of pipe shall not be braced to and 2M or Annexes C and CM.
parts of a building (e.g., walls, ceilings, floors,
etc.) that may respond differently during 4.25.3 Other Dynamic Loads When other
dynamic loading (seismic or other). For dynamic loads are present, they shall be clearly
example, a length of pipe shall not be braced defined in the design specification. Types of
across building or structure seismic joints. other dynamic loads include:
4.18 The last length of braced pipe shall be a) Safety valve thrust loads
provided with a lateral brace at the end of the run. b) Snow or ice loads
c) Turbine trip out loads
4.19 C-type clamps, including top beam
d) Water hammer loads
clamps such as ANSI/MSS SP-58 Types 19 and
23, used to attach pipe hangers to the building 4.25.4 Combined Loads Combining of
structure in areas subject to seismic, wind, and seismic, wind, and other dynamic loads is not
other dynamic loads, shall be equipped with a required unless specified.
retaining strap to prevent movement or slipping.
4.26 Braces shall be designed to withstand a
4.20 Single C-type clamps, including top beam minimum design load rating (see Table 4).
clamps such as ANSI/MSS SP-58 Types 19 and
23, with or without retaining straps, shall not be 4.27 The loads on brace members shall not
used to attach braces to the building structure. exceed the maximum allowable loads provided
in Figures 2 and 2M.
3
4.28 Bracing components shall be designed in 5.3 Determine the total load applied to each
accordance with ANSI/MSS SP-58. Braced brace in accordance with Section 4.25, including
assemblies may have out of plane (and direction) insulation and components such as valves.
loading on standard hanger components.
Consideration must be given to the possible need 5.4 Based upon the required length and load,
for supplemental reinforcement to accommodate choose brace members and sizes from Figures 2
the user’s specific application. and 2M. The angle of the braces from the
vertical should be at least 30 degrees (30°), but
4.29 The load rating of a bracing assembly is preferably 45 degrees (45°) or more.
governed by the lowest load rated component.
5.5 Select a pipe attachment suitable for the
4.30 Rod stiffeners may be required to resist pipe being braced, as shown in Figure 3.
buckling of the hanger rods. See Figures 2 and
2M for allowable unstiffened lengths. Rod with 5.6 Check the connection of the braces to the
stiffeners applied shall not exceed a slenderness structural supporting members. See Table 3(3M)
ratio, (l/r), of 200. See Figure 5 for typical rod through Table 3.3, as applicable.
stiffeners. 5.7 Select a structural attachment suitable for
the brace member being used, as shown in
4.31 Rod stiffeners, if necessary, are only
Figure 4.
required at braced locations. Rod stiffeners are
not required where two (2) rigid braces are 5.8 Check pipe hanger and hanger rod capacity
opposed to each other at a single rod type for braced hangers. If the capacities are
hanger. exceeded, reduce spacing for braces (see Annex
A, Case 3).
4.32 Individual fasteners in the load path of the
brace assembly shall be checked to ensure that 5.9 Check to see if rod stiffeners are required,
they do not exceed allowable loads. As as per Section 4.30. When required, add rod
applicable, Table 3(3M) through Table 3.3 stiffeners to hanger rods containing braces.
contains allowable fastener values for bolting Typical designs for rod stiffeners are shown in
and anchorage to a structure. Figure 5.
4.32.1 Welding, by a certified welder, is an 5.10 See Annex D, Examples of Determining
acceptable means of fastening bracing Lateral Brace Requirements for Seismic and
assemblies. Wind Loads, for examples of seismic and wind
procedures.
4.33 The Engineer of Record shall verify that
the structure itself is adequate to support bracing 6. SELECTION PROCEDURE –
forces. TRAPEZE HANGERS
4.34 Many types of standard pipe hangers and 6.1 Space lateral braces at the span
supports inherently provide bracing and lateral corresponding to the smallest brace spacing of
support for piping systems (see Section 10). all supported pipes per Section 4.2 or 4.3 or at
lesser spacing that corresponds with the location
5. SELECTION PROCEDURE –
of pipe hangers.
SINGLE PIPES
6.2 In addition to the selection procedure in
5.1 Space lateral braces per Section 4.2 or 4.3
Section 5, the following requirements apply to
or at lesser spacing that corresponds with the
trapeze hangers.
location of pipe hangers.
6.3 Hanger rod sizes for trapeze assemblies
5.2 Space longitudinal braces per Sections 4.4
subject to seismic, wind, or other dynamic
and 4.5.
loading shall be checked for adequacy.
4
6.3.1 Hanger rod tension due to gravitational 7.2 General

load is increased when a braced trapeze is
subject to lateral loads (see Annex A, Case 1 7.2.1 Where job requirements permit, typical
and Case 2). Additional force is added by the details and approximate brace locations may be
vertical component of the seismic loading. used in lieu of individual drawings.
6.3.2 For trapezes subject to any dynamic 7.2.2 Where required, the drawing shall
loads with two (2) lateral braces, see Annex A, contain the information necessary for shop
Case 1. fabrication and field installation of the bracing
assembly. See the sample brace drawing in
6.3.3 For trapezes with one (1) lateral brace, Annex B.
see Annex A, Case 2.
7.2.3 The data shown on the bracing
6.3.4 Select a hanger rod size which meets or drawing should consist of:
exceeds the maximum hanger rod tension from
a) Drawing of the Assembly (Section 7.3)
ANSI/MSS SP-58, Table 2 or 2M.
b) Bill of Material (Section 7.4)
6.3.5 Hanger rods for uniformly loaded, non- c) Load and Movement Data (Section 7.5)
braced trapeze assemblies, may be selected
based on 1/2 the dead-weight load of all the d) Location Plan (Section 7.6)
pipes being carried by the trapeze assembly. e) Identification (Section 7.7)
6.3.6 Consideration for design shall be given 7.3 Drawing of the Assembly
where non-uniform loading is present.
7.3.1 Drawings shall be a pictorial
6.4 Select pipe attachments to maintain the representation of the assembly showing each
pipe position on the trapeze member (see component part identified to a “Bill of
Figures 3c, 3d, and 3e). Material” item.
6.4.1 Each pipe attachment shall be capable of 7.3.2 Dimensioning of the individual bracing
resisting dynamic loads and, if necessary, assembly depends upon the complexity of the
permit thermal movement under normal design. The following data may be provided or
operating conditions. shown on a drawing or in some form of
attachment:
6.5 Bracing required for the trapeze hanger
shall consider the sum total of the forces on all a) The overall dimension from the supporting
the individual pipes on the trapeze, in structure to the center-line or bottom of the
accordance with Section 4.25. pipe.
b) The orientation, elevation, size, and type of
6.6 Longitudinal braces on trapeze hangers supporting structure.
shall have brace assemblies at each trapeze c) Pipe size* and insulation thickness as
hanger drop rod. applicable.
6.7 Verify that the connections of the braces to *NOTE: The norm within this Standard Practice is
the trapeze member and structure are both U.S. Customary Units and nominal pipe size or
NPS, unless otherwise stated (e.g., SI Metric Units).
adequate to resist the expected loads on the
braces, as well as the combined effects of tension d) Pipe elevation.
and shear. e) Other dimensions necessary for the
fabrication and installation of the complete
7. PIPE BRACING DRAWINGS bracing assembly.
7.1 This section contains recommendations for 7.4 Bill of Material
minimum data that should appear on bracing
drawings to enable the fabricator to furnish, and 7.4.1 An itemized Bill of Material shall be
the erector to install, the bracing assembly as provided listing all components of the bracing
intended by the job specification or purchase assembly.
order.
5
Identification of standard catalog components 9. INSPECTION

shall be made by manufacturers' figure number,
type, and size. The appropriate material 9.1 Bracing assemblies shall be verified
specification shall be shown for special against the submittal drawing to assure that all
components. components have been installed and are in their
proper position for their intended function. The
7.5 Load and Movement Data bracing assembly installation shall comply with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
7.5.1 When required, the maximum load to be
braced by the assembly shall appear on the 9.2 Threaded components of brace assemblies
drawing. When special loading conditions are shall be checked for proper thread engagement.
considered, these loads shall also be shown.
9.3 Locking nuts on threaded components,
7.5.2 When spring support hangers, roller cotter pins, and other locking devices shall be
supports, or slides are used on the piping properly engaged.
system, the direction and amount of movement
shall be shown. 10. SPECIAL BRACE TYPES
7.6 Location Plan 10.1 When the installer has responsibility for
design or selection of anchors, guides, brackets,
7.6.1 Individual brace drawings, where etc., anticipated horizontal seismic, wind, or
required, shall show the location of the brace other dynamic forces should be considered. This
assembly to be installed relative to the building, may allow standard products to be used as
support structures, or column lines. gravity supports and also serve as braces.
7.7 Identification 10.2 Figure 6 shows types of standard pipe
7.7.1 Each individual brace assembly drawing hangers and supports that may naturally provide
shall have a unique identifying number. bracing or lateral support to piping systems,
provided the supports are analyzed or load rated
7.7.2 Typical brace assemblies shall have an to determine that they possess sufficient strength
identification number. to act as braces.
8. INSTALLATION 10.3 Brackets, anchors, and guides, which are

also being considered as lateral and longitudinal
8.1 All braces shall be installed per the submittal braces, shall be checked to ensure that the
drawings at the selected or specified locations, in additional expected loads generated by seismic,
compliance with the manufacturer's installation wind, or other dynamic loading do not exceed the
instructions. maximum load ratings for the pipe
hanger/support in all directions. Often,
8.2 Installed braces or bracing components shall providing a U-bolt to a bracket can meet the
be used for their intended purpose. They shall not requirement of a lateral brace. Floor stands must
be used for rigging or erection purposes. be analyzed for stability.
8.3 When installed, all braces shall be adjusted 10.4 Sleeves/penetrations are provided to allow
to ensure that rigid braces are tight and braces piping to pass through walls and slabs. When the
that are designed to allow for pipe expansion or radial clearance between the pipe and the
movement, do so, except as excluded in Section sleeve/penetration is less than 1/2 in. (13 mm), the
4.12. Tighten threaded members to assure sleeve/penetration may act as a lateral brace if the
proper load distribution. wall is verified by purchaser's engineer to possess
sufficient strength. Sleeves/penetrations through
8.4 All threaded fasteners must be locked to
gypsum board, even if tight, are not to be
prevent loosening. Acceptable locking methods
considered adequate braces.
include, but not limited to, lock washers, double
nuts, nylon insert nuts, prevailing torque nuts,
disc springs, staking, and torqueing.
6
TABLE 1
Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Seismic Design Force
Unit Outside Moment SDS = 0.1 g SDS = 0.3 g SDS = 0.5 g SDS = 1.0 g SDS = 2.0 g SDS = 3.0 g
Size
Weight Diameter of Inertia Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax
(NPS)
(lb/ft) (in) (in4) (lbf/ft) (ft) (lbf/ft) (ft) (lbf/ft) (ft) (lbf/ft) (ft) (lbf/ft) (ft) (lbf/ft) (ft)
1 2.05 1.313 0.09 0.2 41 0.6 31 1.0 27 2.1 22 4.1 16 6.2 13
2 5.11 2.375 0.67 0.5 54 1.5 41 2.6 36 5.1 29 10.2 20 15.3 17
3 10.8 3.500 3.02 1.1 65 3.2 49 5.4 44 10.8 35 21.6 24 32.4 20
4 16.3 4.500 7.23 1.6 73 4.9 56 8.2 49 16.3 38 32.6 27 48.9 22
5 23.3 5.563 15.16 2.3 80 7.0 61 11.7 54 23.3 42 46.6 30 69.9 24
6 31.5 6.625 28.1 3.2 87 9.5 66 15.8 58 31.5 45 63.0 32 94.5 26
8 50.2 8.625 72.5 5.0 98 15.1 75 25.1 66 50.2 50 100.4 35 150.6 29
10 74.6 10.75 161 7.5 109 22.4 82 37.3 73 74.6 55 149.2 39 223.8 32
12 98.6 12.75 279 9.9 116 29.6 88 49.3 78 98.6 58 197.2 41 295.8 33
14 122 14.00 373 12.2 118 36.6 90 61.0 79 122.0 57 244.0 40 366.0 33
16 142 16.00 562 14.2 126 42.6 96 71.0 85 142.0 61 284.0 43 426.0 35
18 172 18.00 807 17.2 132 51.6 100 86.0 88 172.0 63 344.0 44 516.0 36
20 205 20.00 1113 20.5 137 61.5 104 102.5 90 205.0 64 410.0 45 615.0 37
24 278 24.00 1942 27.8 146 83.4 111 139.0 93 278.0 66 556.0 47 834.0 38
30 410 30.00 3829 41.0 157 123.0 119 205.0 97 410.0 68 820.0 48 1230.0 39
36 565 36.00 6659 56.5 166 169.5 126 282.5 99 565.0 70 1130.0 50 1695.0 40
Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Seismic Load Parameters:

Modulus of Elasticity, E (psi) 2.9E+07 Short Period Spectral Acceleration, SDS (g)
Yield Strength, σyield (psi) 35000 Component Response Modification Factor, RP (unitless) 4.5
Allowable Stress, σall (psi) 7500 Component Amplification Factor, ap (unitless), for All Types of Piping 2.5
Allowable Deflection, δ (in) 1 Component Importance Factor, Ip (unitless), for Non‐Essential Facilities 1.5
Moment of Inertia, I (in4) Height in Structure of Point of Attachment, z (ft)
Extreme Fiber Distance, c (in) Average Roof Height with Respect to Base, h (ft)
Unit Weight per Foot of Pipe, WP (lbf/ft)
Lmax = Lesser of: Seismic Design Force, Fs (lbf/ft)
The horizontal seismic force is determined using Equation 13.3‐1 from ASCE 7:
12  I 384 EI 
L max  all L max  4 0.4a p S DSWp  z
FS c FS Fs  1  2 
Rp I p  h
Fs is not required to be taken greater than Fs shall not be taken as less than
F S = 1.6S DS I P W P F S = 0.3S DS I P W P
NOTES:
1. Weights are based on ASTM A53/A53M standard weight water-filled pipe, WP. Additional weight from insulation, valves and other in-line
components, branches, and changes in direction are not included.
2. The maximum span between lateral braces is determined by treating the span of pipe between braces as a uniformly loaded fixed beam and
evaluating pipe stress and deflection against listed criteria.
3. The Allowable Stress is 1/2 the allowable stress of ASME B31.9.
4. An RP factor of 4.5 is the minimum value for standard weight steel pipe joined by welding, brazing, threading, bonding, compression couplings,
and grooved couplings.
5. Table values are calculated using z = h assumption.
6. The formulae provided may be used to determine lateral brace span and seismic design force for other pipe materials, fluids, Short Period
Spectral Accelerations, etc.
7. The above values are conservatively based on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and have not been converted per ASCE 7 to
allowable stress design (ASD).
7
TABLE 1M
Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Seismic Design Force – (SI) Metric Units
Unit Outside Moment of SDS = 0.1 g SDS = 0.3 g SDS = 0.5 g SDS = 1.0 g SDS = 2.0 g SDS = 3.0 g
Size
Weight Diameter F Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax Fs Lmax
(DN) Inertia (mm4) s
(N/m) (mm) (N/m) (m) (N/m) (m) (N/m) (m) (N/m) (m) (N/m) (m) (N/m) (m)
25 29.9 33.4 3.62E+04 3.0 12.4 9 9.4 15 8.3 30 6.7 60 4.8 90 3.9
50 74.6 60.3 2.77E+05 7.5 16.4 22 12.5 37 11.0 75 8.8 149 6.2 224 5.1
80 157.6 88.9 1.26E+06 16 19.9 47 15.1 79 13.3 158 10.6 315 7.5 473 6.1
100 237.9 114.3 3.01E+06 24 22.3 71 16.9 119 14.9 238 11.8 476 8.3 714 6.8
125 340.0 141.3 6.31E+06 34 24.5 102 18.6 170 16.4 340 12.8 680 9.1 1020 7.4
150 459.7 168.3 1.17E+07 46 26.6 138 20.2 230 17.8 460 13.7 919 9.7 1379 7.9
200 732.6 219.1 3.02E+07 73 29.9 220 22.7 366 20.0 733 15.3 1465 10.8 2198 8.8
250 1088.7 273.1 6.69E+07 109 33.1 327 25.1 544 22.1 1089 16.8 2177 11.9 3266 9.7
300 1438.9 323.9 1.16E+08 144 35.4 432 26.9 719 23.7 1439 17.6 2878 12.5 4317 10.2
350 1780.4 355.6 1.55E+08 178 36.1 534 27.4 890 24.1 1780 17.5 3561 12.4 5341 10.1
400 2072.2 406.4 2.34E+08 207 38.5 622 29.3 1036 25.8 2072 18.6 4144 13.2 6217 10.8
450 2510.0 457.2 3.36E+08 251 40.2 753 30.5 1255 26.9 2510 19.1 5020 13.5 7530 11.0
500 2991.6 508.0 4.63E+08 299 41.7 897 31.7 1496 27.6 2992 19.5 5983 13.8 8975 11.3
600 4056.9 609.6 8.08E+08 406 44.4 1217 33.7 2028 28.6 4057 20.2 8114 14.3 12171 11.7
750 5983.2 762.0 1.59E+09 598 47.7 1795 36.3 2992 29.5 5983 20.9 11966 14.8 17950 12.1
900 8245.1 914.4 2.77E+09 825 50.6 2474 38.5 4123 30.3 8245 21.4 16490 15.1 24735 12.4
Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Seismic Load Parameters:

Modulus of Elasticity, E (MPa) 200,000 Short Period Spectral Acceleration, SDS (g)
Yield Strength, σyield (MPa) 241 Component Response Modification Factor, R (unitless) 4.5
Allowable Stress, σall (MPa) 52 Component Amplification Factor, ap (unitless), for All Types of Piping 2.5
Allowable Deflection, δ (mm) 25.4 Component Importance Factor, Ip (unitless), for Non‐Essential Facilities 1.5
Moment of Inertia, I (mm4) Height in Structure of Point of Attachment, z (m)
Extreme Fiber Distance, c (mm) Average Roof Height with Respect to Base, h (m)
Unit Weight per Meter of Pipe, WP (N/m)
Lmax = Lesser of: Seismic Design Force, Fs (N/m)
The horizontal seismic force is determined using Equation 13.3‐1 from ASCE 7:
384 EI  0.4a p SDSWp  z
12  all I L max  Fs  1  2 
L max  4
Rp I p  h
FS c FS
Fs is not required to be taken greater than Fs shall not be taken as less than
F S = 1.6S DS I P W P F S = 0.3S DS I P W P
NOTES:
1. Weights are based on ASTM A53/A53M standard weight water-filled pipe, WP. Additional weight from insulation, valves
and other in-line components, branches, and changes in direction are not included.
2. The maximum span between lateral braces is determined by treating the span of pipe between braces as a uniformly loaded
fixed beam and evaluating pipe stress and deflection against listed criteria.
4. An RP factor of 4.5 is the minimum value for standard weight steel pipe joined by welding, brazing, threading, bonding,
compression couplings, and grooved couplings.
5. Table values are calculated using z = h assumption.
6. The formulae provided may be used to determine lateral brace span and force for other pipe materials, fluids, Short Period
Spectral Accelerations, etc.
7. The above values are conservatively based on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and have not been converted per
ASCE 7 to allowable stress design (ASD).
8
TABLE 2
Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force
Table 2A ̶ Wind Design Force, Fw (lbf/ft)
Reference Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36
(NPS)
Insulation OR Bare Pipe
1.313 2.375 3.5 4.5 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75 12.75 14 16 18 20 24 30 36
Outside Diameter (in)
100 mph 2.3 4.1 6.0 7.8 9.6 11.4 14.9 18.5 22.0 24.1 27.6 31.0 34.5 41.4 51.7 62.1
110 mph 2.7 5.0 7.3 9.4 11.6 13.8 18.0 22.4 26.6 29.2 33.4 37.6 41.7 50.1 62.6 75.1
120 mph 3.3 5.9 8.7 11.2 13.8 16.5 21.4 26.7 31.7 34.8 39.7 44.7 49.7 59.6 74.5 89.4
Basic Wind Speed
130 mph 3.8 6.9 10.2 13.1 16.2 19.3 25.1 31.3 37.2 40.8 46.6 52.5 58.3 69.9 87.4 104.9
140 mph 4.4 8.0 11.8 15.2 18.8 22.4 29.2 36.3 43.1 47.3 54.1 60.8 67.6 81.1 101.4 121.7
150 mph 5.1 9.2 13.6 17.5 21.6 25.7 33.5 41.7 49.5 54.3 62.1 69.8 77.6 93.1 116.4 139.7
160 mph 5.8 10.5 15.5 19.9 24.6 29.2 38.1 47.5 56.3 61.8 70.6 79.5 88.3 105.9 132.4 158.9
170 mph 6.5 11.8 17.4 22.4 27.7 33.0 43.0 53.6 63.5 69.8 79.7 89.7 99.7 119.6 149.5 179.4
180 mph 7.3 13.3 19.6 25.1 31.1 37.0 48.2 60.1 71.2 78.2 89.4 100.6 111.7 134.1 167.6 201.1
190 mph 8.2 14.8 21.8 28.0 34.6 41.2 53.7 66.9 79.4 87.2 99.6 112.1 124.5 149.4 186.8 224.1
200 mph 9.1 16.4 24.1 31.0 38.4 45.7 59.5 74.1 87.9 96.6 110.4 124.2 138.0 165.5 206.9 248.3
FORCE
Table 2B ̶ Maximum Span between Lateral Braces, Lmax (ft)

Size (NPS) 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36
0 ‐ 4 lbf/ft 16 32 47 58 70 82 104 127 146 157 173 190 206 237 280 322
4 ‐ 6 lbf/ft 13 26 42 53 64 74 94 115 132 141 157 172 186 214 253 291
6 ‐ 8 lbf/ft 11 23 39 49 59 69 87 107 122 132 146 160 173 199 236 271
8 ‐ 10 lbf/ft 10 21 36 46 56 65 83 101 116 124 138 151 164 188 223 256
10 ‐ 20 lbf/ft 7 14 25 35 45 55 70 85 97 105 116 127 138 158 187 215
20 ‐ 30 lbf/ft 6 12 21 28 37 46 63 77 88 95 105 115 124 143 169 194
30 ‐ 40 lbf/ft 5 10 18 25 32 40 56 71 82 88 98 107 116 133 158 181
40 ‐ 50 lbf/ft 4 9 16 22 29 36 50 67 77 83 92 101 109 126 149 171
50 ‐ 60 lbf/ft 4 8 15 20 26 33 46 61 74 80 88 96 105 120 142 164
60 ‐ 70 lbf/ft 4 8 14 19 24 30 42 57 69 76 85 93 101 116 137 157
Wind Design Force, Fw
70 ‐ 80 lbf/ft 4 7 13 17 23 28 40 53 64 71 81 90 97 112 133 152

80 ‐ 90 lbf/ft 3 7 12 16 21 27 37 50 60 67 77 86 94 109 129 148
90 ‐ 100 lbf/ft 3 6 11 16 20 25 36 47 57 63 73 82 91 106 125 144
100 ‐ 110 lbf/ft 3 6 11 15 19 24 34 45 55 60 69 78 87 103 122 141
110 ‐ 120 lbf/ft 3 6 10 14 18 23 32 43 52 58 66 75 83 101 120 138
120 ‐ 130 lbf/ft 3 6 10 14 18 22 31 42 50 55 64 72 80 97 117 135
130 ‐ 140 lbf/ft 3 5 10 13 17 21 30 40 48 53 61 69 77 93 115 132
140 ‐ 150 lbf/ft 3 5 9 13 17 21 29 39 47 52 59 67 75 90 113 130
150 ‐ 170 lbf/ft 2 5 9 12 16 19 27 36 44 48 56 63 70 85 106 126
170 ‐ 190 lbf/ft 2 5 8 11 15 18 26 34 42 46 53 59 66 80 100 121
190 ‐ 210 lbf/ft 2 4 8 11 14 17 25 33 40 44 50 57 63 76 95 115
210 ‐ 230 lbf/ft 2 4 7 10 13 17 23 31 38 42 48 54 60 73 91 110
230 ‐ 250 lbf/ft 2 4 7 10 13 16 22 30 36 40 46 52 58 70 88 105
250 ‐ 270 lbf/ft 2 4 7 9 12 15 22 29 35 38 44 50 56 67 84 101
270 ‐ 290 lbf/ft 2 4 7 9 12 15 21 28 34 37 43 48 54 65 81 98
290 ‐ 310 lbf/ft 2 4 6 9 11 14 20 27 33 36 41 47 52 63 79 95
230 ‐ 330 lbf/ft 2 4 6 9 11 14 20 26 32 35 40 45 50 61 76 92
White cells represent spans for wind forces on the nominal pipe
Gray shaded cells represent spans for wind forces on pipes with up to 5 in. thick insulation
Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Wind Load Parameters
Modulus of Elasticity, E (psi) 29000000 psi Basic Wind Speed, V (mph)
Yield Strength, σyield (psi) 35000 psi Exposure Category D
Allowable Stress, σall (psi) 7500 psi Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz (unitless), for Case 2.b 1.43
Allowable Deflection, δ (in) 1 in Topographic Factor, Kzt (unitless) 1.0
Moment of Inertia, I (in4) Wind Directionality Factor, Kd (unitless), for Round Structures 0.95
Extreme Fiber Distance, c (in) Velocity Pressure, qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 (lbf/ft2) Equation 29.3‐1
Gust Effect Factor, G (unitless), for Rigid Structures 0.85
Lmax = Minimum of Stress and Deflection Criteria Force Coefficient, Cf (unitless), for Moderately Smooth Structures 0.70
12  all I 384 EI 
Design Wind Force, F = qz G Cf Af (lbf/ft), Equation 29.5‐1
L max  L max 
FW c 4 with Af described per linear foot of pipe (ft2/ft)
FW
NOTES:
1. The maximum spans between lateral braces is based on a uniformly loaded fixed beam, of standard weight pipe.
3. For structures less than 100 feet.
4. Procedure to calculate maximum brace spacing:
a. Use Table 2A to determine Wind Design Force.
b. The Outside Diameter input is the insulation outside diameter or the pipe outside diameter if not insulated.
c. Find the Wind Design Force based on the Outside Diameter and the Basic Wind Speed.
d. Use the Wind Design Force from Table 2A as the input Wind Design Force for Table 2B. When rounding Wind
Design Force values, round up only and select next higher Wind Design Force range if necessary.
e. The input of pipe size is for the Nominal Pipe Size. Insulation is not considered in the stress and deflection
calculation.
5. The above values are conservatively based on LRFD and have not been converted per ASCE 7 to ASD.
9
TABLE 2M
Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force – (SI) Metric Units
Table 2MA ̶ Wind Design Force, Fw (N/m)
Reference Size (DN) 25 50 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 750 900
Insulation OR Bare Pipe

33.4 60.3 88.9 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.8 355.6 406.4 457 508 610 762 914
Outside Diameter (mm)
45 m/s 33.1 59.7 88.1 113.2 140.0 166.7 217.1 270.5 320.8 352.3 402.6 452.8 503.3 604.4 755.0 906.0
49 m/s 40.0 72.3 106.6 137.0 169.4 201.8 262.7 327.3 388.2 426.3 487.2 547.9 609.0 731.3 913.5 1096.2
54 m/s 47.7 86.0 126.8 163.1 201.6 240.1 312.6 389.5 462.0 507.3 579.8 652.0 724.8 870.3 1087.2 1304.6
Basic Wind Speed
58 m/s 55.9 101.0 148.9 191.4 236.6 281.8 366.9 457.1 542.2 595.4 680.5 765.2 850.6 1021.4 1275.9 1531.1
63 m/s 64.9 117.1 172.6 222.0 274.4 326.8 425.5 530.1 628.8 690.5 789.2 887.5 986.5 1184.6 1479.7 1775.7
67 m/s 74.5 134.4 198.2 254.8 315.0 375.2 488.4 608.6 721.8 792.7 906.0 1018.8 1132.5 1359.8 1698.7 2038.4
72 m/s 84.7 152.9 225.5 289.9 358.4 426.9 555.7 692.4 821.3 901.9 1030.8 1159.1 1288.5 1547.2 1932.7 2319.3
76 m/s 95.6 172.7 254.5 327.3 404.6 481.9 627.4 781.7 927.1 1018.2 1163.7 1308.5 1454.6 1746.6 2181.9 2618.2
80 m/s 107.2 193.6 285.4 366.9 453.6 540.3 703.3 876.4 1039.4 1141.5 1304.6 1467.0 1630.7 1958.2 2446.1 2935.3
85 m/s 119.5 215.7 318.0 408.8 505.4 602.0 783.7 976.4 1158.1 1271.9 1453.6 1634.5 1817.0 2181.8 2725.4 3270.5
89 m/s 132.4 239.0 352.3 453.0 560.0 667.0 868.3 1081.9 1283.2 1409.3 1610.6 1811.1 2013.2 2417.5 3019.9 3623.8
FORCE
Table 2MB ̶ Maximum Span between Lateral Braces, Lmax (m)

Size (DN) 25 50 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 750 900
0 ‐ 60 N/m 4.7 9.7 14.2 17.7 21.3 24.8 31.5 38.4 44.9 47.4 52.5 57.5 62.3 71.6 84.8 97.4
60 ‐ 90 N/m 3.9 8.0 12.8 16.0 19.2 22.4 28.4 34.7 40.6 42.8 47.5 51.9 56.3 64.7 76.7 88.0
90 ‐ 115 N/m 3.4 7.0 12.1 15.0 18.1 21.1 26.8 32.6 38.1 40.3 44.6 48.8 53.0 60.9 72.1 82.8
115 ‐ 145 N/m 3.1 6.3 11.0 14.2 17.1 19.9 25.2 30.8 36.0 38.0 42.1 46.1 50.0 57.5 68.0 78.1
145 ‐ 290 N/m 2.2 4.4 7.8 10.6 13.8 16.8 21.2 25.9 30.3 32.0 35.4 38.8 42.0 48.3 57.2 65.7
290 ‐ 440 N/m 1.8 3.6 6.3 8.6 11.2 14.0 19.1 23.3 27.3 28.8 31.9 34.9 37.9 43.5 51.6 59.2
440 ‐ 585 N/m 1.5 3.1 5.5 7.5 9.7 12.2 17.1 21.7 25.4 26.8 29.7 32.5 35.3 40.5 48.0 55.1
585 ‐ 730 N/m 1.4 2.8 4.9 6.7 8.7 10.9 15.3 20.4 24.0 25.4 28.1 30.8 33.4 38.4 45.4 52.2
730 ‐ 875 N/m 1.2 2.6 4.5 6.1 8.0 9.9 14.0 18.6 23.0 24.3 26.9 29.4 31.9 36.7 43.4 49.9
875 ‐ 1020 N/m 1.2 2.4 4.1 5.7 7.4 9.2 12.9 17.3 21.7 23.0 25.9 28.3 30.7 35.3 41.8 48.0
Wind Design Force, Fw
1020 ‐ 1170 N/m 1.1 2.2 3.9 5.3 6.9 8.6 12.1 16.1 20.2 21.5 24.7 27.3 29.6 34.1 40.4 46.4
1170 ‐ 1315 N/m 1.0 2.1 3.7 5.0 6.5 8.1 11.4 15.2 19.1 20.3 23.3 26.3 28.8 33.1 39.2 45.0
1315 ‐ 1460 N/m 1.0 2.0 3.5 4.7 6.2 7.7 10.8 14.4 18.1 19.3 22.1 25.0 27.8 32.3 38.2 43.9
1460 ‐ 1605 N/m 0.9 1.9 3.3 4.5 5.9 7.3 10.3 13.8 17.3 18.4 21.1 23.8 26.6 31.5 37.3 42.8
1605 ‐ 1750 N/m 0.9 1.8 3.2 4.3 5.6 7.0 9.9 13.2 16.5 17.6 20.2 22.8 25.4 30.7 36.5 41.9
1750 ‐ 1895 N/m 0.8 1.7 3.0 4.2 5.4 6.8 9.5 12.7 15.9 16.9 19.4 21.9 24.4 29.5 35.8 41.1
1895 ‐ 2045 N/m 0.8 1.7 2.9 4.0 5.2 6.5 9.1 12.2 15.3 16.3 18.7 21.1 23.5 28.4 35.1 40.3
2045 ‐ 2190 N/m 0.8 1.6 2.8 3.9 5.0 6.3 8.8 11.8 14.8 15.7 18.1 20.4 22.7 27.4 34.4 39.6
2190 ‐ 2480 N/m 0.7 1.5 2.7 3.6 4.7 5.9 8.3 11.1 13.9 14.8 17.0 19.2 21.4 25.8 32.4 38.4
2480 ‐ 2775 N/m 0.7 1.4 2.5 3.4 4.5 5.6 7.8 10.5 13.1 14.0 16.0 18.1 20.2 24.4 30.6 36.8
2775 ‐ 3065 N/m 0.7 1.4 2.4 3.3 4.3 5.3 7.5 10.0 12.5 13.3 15.3 17.2 19.2 23.2 29.1 35.0
3065 ‐ 3355 N/m 0.6 1.3 2.3 3.1 4.1 5.1 7.1 9.5 11.9 12.7 14.6 16.5 18.4 22.2 27.8 33.5
3355 ‐ 3650 N/m 0.6 1.2 2.2 3.0 3.9 4.9 6.8 9.1 11.4 12.2 14.0 15.8 17.6 21.2 26.7 32.1
3650 ‐ 3940 N/m 0.6 1.2 2.1 2.9 3.7 4.7 6.6 8.8 11.0 11.7 13.5 15.2 17.0 20.5 25.7 30.9
3940 ‐ 4230 N/m 0.6 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.6 4.5 6.4 8.5 10.6 11.3 13.0 14.7 16.4 19.7 24.8 29.8
4230 ‐ 4525 N/m 0.5 1.1 2.0 2.7 3.5 4.4 6.1 8.2 10.3 10.9 12.6 14.2 15.8 19.1 23.9 28.8
3355 ‐ 4815 N/m 0.5 1.1 1.9 2.6 3.4 4.2 6.0 7.9 10.0 10.6 12.2 13.8 15.3 18.5 23.2 27.9
White cells represent spans for wind forces on the nominal pipe
Gray shaded cells represent spans for wind forces on pipes with up to 127mm thick insulation
Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Wind Load Parameters
Modulus of Elasticity, E (MPa) 200000 MPa Basic Wind Speed, V (m/s)
Yield Strength, σyield (MPa) 241 MPa Exposure Category D
Allowable Stress, σall (MPa) 51.7 MPa Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz (unitless), for Case 2.b 1.43
Allowable Deflection, δ (mm) 25.4 mm Topographic Factor, Kzt (unitless) 1.0
Moment of Inertia, I (mm4) Wind Directionality Factor, Kd (unitless), for Round Structures 0.95
Extreme Fiber Distance, c (mm) Velocity Pressure, qz = 0.047326 Kz Kzt Kd V2 (N/m2) Equation 29.3‐1
Gust Effect Factor, G (unitless), for Rigid Structures 0.85
Lmax = Minimum of Stress and Deflection Criteria Force Coefficient, Cf (unitless), for Moderately Smooth Structures 0.70
Design Wind Force, F = qz G Cf Af (N/m), Equation 29.5‐1
12  all I 384 EI 
L max  L max  4 with Af described per linear meter of pipe (m2/m)
FW c FW
NOTES:
1. The maximum spans between lateral braces is based on a uniformly loaded fixed beam, of standard weight pipe.
3. For structures less than 30.5 meters.
4. Procedure to calculate maximum brace spacing:
a. Use Table 2MA to determine Wind Design Force.
b. The Outside Diameter input is the insulation outside diameter or the pipe outside diameter if not insulated.
c. Find the Wind Design Force based on the Outside Diameter and the Basic Wind Speed.
d. Use the Wind Design Force from Table 2MA as the input Wind Design Force for Table 2MB. When rounding
Wind Design Force values, round up only and select next higher Wind Design Force range if necessary.
e. The input of pipe size is for the Nominal Pipe Size. Insulation is not considered in the stress and deflection calculation.
5. The above values are conservatively based on LRFD and have not been converted per ASCE 7 to ASD.
10
TABLE 3
Fasteners: Load Data for Bolts
Bolt Max. Load Max. Load
Stress Area
Size in Tension in Shear
(in2)
(in) (lbf) (lbf)
1/4 0.0318 540 430
3/8 0.0775 1,320 1,060
1/2 0.1419 2,420 1,940
5/8 0.2260 3,860 3,090
3/4 0.3340 5,710 4,560
7/8 0.4620 7,900 6,320
1 0.6060 10,360 8,290
1¼ 0.9690 16,570 13,250
1½ 1.4050 24,020 19,220
NOTES:
1. Values for carbon steel bolts with a minimum tensile strength of
60,000 psi and an allowable tensile stress of 17,100 psi for
temperatures up to 650 °F.
2. Maximum allowable loads in shear are 80% of the maximum
allowable load in tension.
3. Tensile stress area for Unified National Course (UNC)
threads.
TABLE 3M
Fasteners: Load Data for (SI) Metric Bolts
Max. Load Max. Load
Bolt Size Stress Area
in Tension in Shear
(mm) (mm2)
(kN) (kN)
8 x 1.25 36.6 2.30 1.80
10 x 1.5 58.0 6.80 5.40
12 x 1.75 84.3 9.90 7.90
14 x 2 115.0 18.5 14.8
16 x 2 157.0 28.8 23.1
20 x 2.5 245.0 35.7 28.5
24 x 3 353.0 41.6 33.2
30 x 3.5 561.0 66.1 52.9
36 x 4 817.0 115 92.0
NOTES:
1. Values for carbon steel bolts with a minimum tensile strength
of 414 MPa and an allowable tensile stress of 117.9 MPa for
temperatures up to 343 °C.
2. Maximum allowable loads in shear are 80% of the maximum
allowable load in tension.
3. Tensile stress area in accordance with BS EN ISO 898-1.
11
TABLE 3.1
Fasteners: Load Data for Expansion Bolts in Concrete
Bolt Size Max. Load in Max. Load in
(in) Tension (lbf) Shear (lbf)
3/8 615 675
1/2 1040 1130
5/8 1535 1580
3/4 2020 2270
7/8 3705 5060
NOTES:
1. These values represent minimum typical anchor capacities for a single bolt.
2. A typical embedment depth for expansion anchors is eight (8) times the bolt diameter.
3. Always follow specific manufacturer’s instructions and local code requirements.
4. This table assumes infinite edge distance and is not applicable to anchors in cracked concrete.
5. Sample values serve only as an initial guide for fastener selection; consult ACI 318 for further information.
6. Interaction Equation: (Ps/Pt )5/3+(Vs/Vt )5/3 <= 1
Where:
Ps = Applied tension service load.
Pt = Allowable tension service load from Table 3.1.
Vs = Applied shear service load.
Vt = Allowable shear service load from Table 3.1.
TABLE 3.2
Fasteners: Load Data for Embedded Bolts Cast in Concrete
Bolt Size Min. Embedment Edge Distance Spacing Max. Load in Tension Max. Load in Shear
(in) (in) (in) (in) (lbf) (lbf)
3/8 3 2¼ 4½ 500 1100
1/2 4 5 6 1500 1650
5/8 4½ 6¼ 7½ 2200 3000
3/4 5 7½ 9 2950 4300
1 7 6 12 3250 4500
1¼ 9 7½ 15 4000 5800
NOTES:
1. Table 3.2 is based on the method for design from the ICC International Building Code; Table 1911.2.
2. Values are for 3,000 psi normal weight, natural stone aggregate concrete.
3. Bolts of at least ASTM A307 quality. Bolt shall have standard head or an equal deformity in the embedded portion.
4. Always follow specific manufacturer’s instructions and local code requirements.
5. Sample values serve only as an initial guide for fastener selection; consult ACI 318 for further information.
6. Interaction Equation: (Ps/Pt )5/3+( Vs/Vt )5/3 <= 1
Where:
Ps = Applied tension service load.
Pt = Allowable tension service load from Table 3.2.
Vs = Applied shear service load.
Vt = Allowable shear service load from Table 3.2.
12
TABLE 3.3
Fasteners: Load Data for Lag Bolts or Lag Screws in Wood
Max. Load in Shear
Size Max. Load in Tension (lbf)
(in) (lbf per inch of embedment)
Parallel to Grain Perpendicular to Grain
3/8 314 140 90
1/2 390 260 155
5/8 461 375 175
3/4 528 530 300
NOTES:
1. Table 3.3 is based on the AWC method for design from National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood.
2. This table assumes a specific gravity, G, of 0.51 minimum.
3. 3/8 through 5/8 inch lag bolts must have a minimum embedment of 3 inches for shear loads; 3/4 inch lag bolts
must have a minimum embedment of 5 inches.
4. Ensure that the proper pilot hole size for the selected fastener is utilized.
TABLE 4
Minimum Design Load Ratings for Brace Assemblies
Pipe Size Ratings
(Nominal) (at Normal Temperature Range)
NPS DN lbf kN
1 25 150 0.67
2 50 150 0.67
3 80 150 0.67
4 100 150 0.67
5 125 150 0.67
6 150 150 0.67
8 200 300 1.34
10 250 400 1.78
12 300 600 2.67
14 350 700 3.10
16 400 900 4.00
18 450 1100 4.90
20 500 1400 6.23
24 600 2000 8.90
30 750 3200 14.20
36 900 4700 20.90
NOTES:
1. Applicable to all components of the complete assembly including pipe attachment, brace member, building attachments
and hardware.
2. Minimum design loads for NPS 1 through 8 are assigned values, which take into consideration piping alignment during
erection.
3. Minimum design loads for NPS 10 through 36 are based on 0.05g at maximum spans listed in Table 1 for 0.1g.
4. For trapeze piping the minimum design load for the brace assembly is the summation of each pipe.
5. The minimum design load determined in this manner is applicable to both lateral and longitudinal brace assemblies.
13
FIGURE 1
Cable (Wire Rope) Brace Requirements
TYPICAL BRACE CONFIGURATION
CLIP ATTACHMENT AND LOAD RATING
Wire Rope Clip Tightening *Design

B C D E Quantity of Clips
Dia. A Torque Strength
(in) (in) (in) (in) (required per end)
(in) (ft-lbs) (lbs)
1/8 3.25 0.41 1.21 – 2 4.5 400
3/16 3.75 0.47 1.41 – 2 7.5 840
1/4 4.75 0.60 1.79 – 2 15 1150
5/16 5.25 0.66 1.97 – 2 30 1800
3/8 6.50 0.82 2.45 – 2 45 2600
7/16 7.00 0.90 2.72 – 2 65 3550
1/2 11.50 0.98 2.87 5.75 3 65 4600
* Consult cable manufacturer for design strength load value.
NOTES:
1. Design strength based on 7x19 galvanized cables with a safety factor of 5.0 applied to the breaking strength.
2. A lesser factor of safety may be used for pre-stretched cables or other cable types as allowed by the authority having jurisdiction.
3. Cables/Wire Rope assemblies shall meet the requirements of ASTM A492 or A1023/A1023M.
ALTERNATE CABLE END FITTINGS
14
FIGURE 2
Typical Brace Members and Allowable Loads
Compressive Load Capacity (lbf)
Least Radius Maximum
Type/Size 100% 75% 50 % 25 %
of Gyration Length
(NPS/Inches) Max. Max. Max. Max
(in) (1/r = 200)
length length length length
Pipe
(Schedule 40) (NPS)
1 0.420 7 ft. 0 in. 1860 3300 5230 6770
1¼ 0.540 9 ft. 0 in. 2630 4470 7080 9160
1½ 0.623 10 ft. 4 in. 3000 5340 8450 10940
2 0.787 13 ft. 1 in. 4040 7180 11380 14730
Pipe
(Schedule 10) (NPS)
1 0.430 7 ft. 2 in. 1550 2760 4370 5660
1¼ 0.550 9 ft. 2 in. 2000 3550 5620 7270
1½ 0.634 10 ft. 7 in. 2300 4090 6490 8400
2 0.802 13 ft. 4 in. 2920 5180 8210 10630
Angles (in.)
1½ x 1½ x 1/4 0.292 4 ft. 10 in. 2580 4600 8740 11420
2 x 2 x 1/4 0.391 6 ft. 6 in. 3530 6270 11900 15570
2½ x 2½ x 1/4 0.491 8 ft. 2 in. 4470 7450 15100 19750
3 x 3 x 1/4 0.592 9 ft. 10 in. 5410 9620 18300 23900
Threaded Rod (in.)
3/8 0.077 1 ft. 3 in. 280 490 940 1060
1/2 0.104 1 ft. 9 in. 510 900 1730 1940
5/8 0.132 2 ft. 2 in. 820 1440 2770 3120
3/4 0.165 2 ft. 9 in. 1210 2130 4100 4620
7/8 0.189 3 ft. 2 in 1680 2950 5680 6390
1 0.216 3 ft. 7 in. 2200 3870 7450 8390
Flat Bar (in.)
1½ x 1/4 0.072 1 ft. 2 in. 1410 2480 4760 6220
2 x 1/4 0.072 1 ft. 2 in. 1880 3300 6350 8300
2 x 3/8 0.108 1 ft. 10 in. 2800 5130 9740 12450
12 Gauge Strut
Channel (in.)
13/16 x 158 0.288 4 ft. 8 in. 1488 2646 4850 5751
158 x 158 0.583 9 ft. 7 in. 2167 3852 7062 8374
2716 x 158 0.680 11 ft. 3 in. 2818 5011 9185 10892
158 x 158 Back-to-Back* 0.653 10 ft. 9 in. 4334 7704 14123 16748
3¼ x 158 0.696 11 ft. 6 in. 3471 6169 11308 13410
Cable Assemblies Design Strength
(in.) lbf
1/8 400
3/16 No 840
1/4 N/A Length 1150
5/16 limit 1800
3/8 2600
7/16 3550
1/2 4600
* Some jurisdictions may require back-to-back channels to be MIG welded rather than spot welded.
GENERAL NOTES:
The Notes below and Calculation Method, located on next page, are applicable to both Figure 2 and Figure 2M.
(1) Tabulated loads represent axial load capacity of brace member at noted maximum length.
(2) Maximum loads for pipe, angle, rod and flat bar are based on the lesser of AISC Formula (1, 5-1) for compression members or ANSI/MSS
SP-58 allowable stress.
(3) Maximum loads for strut channel members are based on Euler’s formula for slender columns with both ends pinned ( ) J.B.
Johnson Parabolic Equation including the applicable safety factor, and the allowable stress in compression.
(4) Maximum load for 1/8 and 3/16 inch cable loads are per Table 9 of ASTM A1023/A1023M; 1/4 through 1/2 inch loads are per Table 16 of
ASTM A1023/A1023M and provide a rated load safety factor of 5.
15
FIGURE 2M
Typical Brace Members and Allowable Loads – (SI) Metric Units
Least Maximum Compressive Load Capacity (KN)
Type/Size Radius Length 100% 50% 25%
(NPS/Inches) of Gyration (1/r = 200) 75%
Max. Max. Max
(mm) (meters) Max. length
length length length
Pipe (Schedule 40) (NPS)
1 10.7 2.13 8.28 14.70 23.27 30.13
1¼ 13.7 2.74 11.70 19.89 31.51 40.76
1½ 15.8 3.16 13.35 23.76 37.60 48.68
2 20.0 4.00 17.98 31.95 50.64 65.55
Pipe (Schedule 10) (NPS)
1 10.9 2.18 6.90 12.28 19.45 25.19
1¼ 14.0 2.79 8.90 15.80 25.00 32.35
1½ 16.1 3.23 10.24 18.20 28.88 37.38
2 20.4 4.06 13.00 23.05 36.53 47.30
Angles (in.)
1½ x 1½ x 1/4 7.4 1.47 11.48 20.47 38.89 50.82
2 x 2 x 1/4 9.9 1.98 15.70 27.90 52.96 69.29
2½ x 2½ x 1/4 12.5 2.49 19.89 33.15 67.20 87.89
3 x 3 x 1/4 15.0 3.00 24.33 42.81 81.44 106.36
Threaded Rod
M10 1.98 .396 1.27 2.26 4.23 4.88
M12 2.36 .472 1.80 3.21 6.27 6.91
M16 3.32 .663 3.56 6.34 12.38 13.64
M20 4.16 .831 5.58 9.94 19.44 21.41
M24 4.99 .997 8.04 14.64 28.00 30.85
Flat Bar (in.)
1½ x 1/4 1.8 0.36 6.27 11.04 21.18 27.68
2 x 1/4 1.8 0.36 8.37 14.09 28.26 36.94
2 x 3/8 2.7 0.56 12.55 22.03 42.36 55.40
12 Gauge Strut Channel (in.)
13/16 x 158 7.3 1.42 6.62 11.77 21.57 25.58
1 58 x 1 58 14.8 2.92 9.64 17.14 31.41 37.25
2716 x 158 17.3 3.43 12.54 22.29 40.86 48.45
158 x 158 Back-to-Back* 16.6 3.28 19.29 34.27 62.82 74.50
3¼ x 158 17.7 3.51 15.44 27.44 50.30 59.65
Cable Assemblies Design Strength
(in.) KN
1/8 1.78
3/16 No 3.74
1/4 N/A Length 5.11
Limit
5/16 8.01
3/8 11.57
GENERAL NOTES: 7/16 15.79
(1) See NOTES in Figure 2. 1/2 20.46
* Some jurisdictions may require back-to-back channels to be MIG welded rather than spot welded.
CALCULATION METHOD:
(a) Restraint capacity at brace angle from vertical may be calculated by multiplying the brace axial load capacity by the Horizontal Capacity Reduction Factor (Sine).
(b) Vertical reaction force at brace angle from vertical may be calculated by multiplying the Applied Force by the Lateral Reduction Factor (Cosine).
Reduction Factor
Vertical Reaction
Angle from Vertical Horizontal Capacity
Force
40 .64 .77
45 .71 .71
50 .77 .64
60 .87 .50
70 .94 .34
80 .97 .17
90 1.00 .00
16
FIGURE 3
Typical Brace and Pipe Hanger Attachments
2 Bolt Pipe Clamp Strut Attachment to U-Bolt
Dynamic clamp
3a 3b 3c
Strut Clamp Trapeze Brace Double U-Bolt
3d 3e 3f
Attachment to Roll Hanger Attachment to Clevis Hanger 3-Bolt Pipe Clamp
3g 3h 3i
2-Way Brace Attached to Attachment to J-Hanger Longitudinal Brace
Extension Hanger Attached to 2-Bolt Clamp
3j 3k 3l
17
FIGURE 4
Typical Structural Attachments
Forged Beam Clamp Adjustable Beam Clamp Concrete Plate
4a 4b 4c
Weld Lug Lag Bolt in Wood Steel Clevis
4d 4e 4f
Strut Attachment Clip Angle Steel Beam Clamp
4g 4h 4i
Expansion Anchor I-Beam Clamps Cast-In Place Insert
4j 4k 4l
18
FIGURE 5
Typical Rod Stiffener Components
U-Bolt with Channel Strut Corner Channel Nut
5a 5b
Steel Angle with Clip Channel Strut Nut
5c 5d
Rod Stiffener Requirements

Maximum Spacing
Rod Size
Between Stiffener Clips
(in) (mm) (in) (mm)
3/8 10 19 483
1/2 12 25 635
5/8 16 31 787
3/4 20 37 940
7/8 20 43 1092
1 24 50 1270
NOTES:
1. Rod stiffener assembly is not required if rod length is less than the maximum
length specified for threaded rod in Figures 2 and 2M.
2. A minimum of two (2) clips is required per assembly.
3. Stiffeners are required only on hanger rods at brace locations.
19
FIGURE 6
Pipe Supports that also Act as Braces
Pipe Cradle Anchor Clamp Anchor Chair
6a 6b 6c
Double Roller Floor Stand Offset Clamp
6d 6e 6f
Spider Guide Guided Slide
6g 6h
Strut Wall Bracket U-Bolt Wall Bracket
6i 6j
20
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex A
Annex A
Calculating Loads on Rods and Braces for Braced Hangers
Case 1: Double Braced Trapeze, Lateral Bracing
Angle of Maximum Force

Brace  Hanger Rods Braces
(º from Hanger Rods
(Compression) (Tension and
Vertical) (Tension)
(compression results if negative) Compression)
Formulae FS wl Fl Fl
W H W W H wl H B F l
for     H  S B    S B  S B
 2 2 2 2 tan  2 2 tan  2 2 2 2 tan  2 2 sin 
  30 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B 0.5wl H  0.866 FS l B FS l B
  45 0.5wl H  FS l B  0.5wl H  FS l B  0.707 FS l B
  60 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.577 FS l B
  75 0.5wl H  0.134 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.134FS l B 0.518FS l B
Variable Description Units

 Angle of Brace (from Vertical) (deg)
w Unit Weight of System (lbf/ft)
lH Segment of Pipe Under Evaluation (ft)
W  wlH Total Dead Weight at Each Support (lbf)
lB Brace Spacing (ft)
FS Seismic Design Force (lbf/ft)
H Hanger Reaction (lbf)
B Brace Reaction (lbf)
NOTES:
(1) Seismic Design Force (FS) can be found in Table 1 or Table 1M.
(2) For wind loading, substitute FS with FW. Note that FW can be found in Table 2A or Table 2MA.
(3) Weight of system w above assumes uniform distribution across trapeze member. If weight is not uniform, load across
hanger rods and braces should be adjusted accordingly.
21
Case 2: Single Braced Trapeze, Lateral Bracing

Vertical) (Tension)
Formulae W W F wl Fl W wl Fl FS l B
H   S  H  S B H  H  S B B
for  2 2 tan  2 tan  2 2 tan  sin 
  30 0.5wl H  1.732FS l B 0.5wl H  1.732FS l B 2 FS l B
  45 0.5wl H  FS l B 0.5wl H  FS l B 1.414 FS l B
  75 0.5wl H  0.268FS l B 0.5wl H  0.268FS l B 1.035FS l B

Segment of Pipe Under
lH (ft)
Evaluation
Total Dead Weight at Each
W  wlH (lbf)
Support
NOTES:
(2) For wind loading, substitute FS with FW . Note that FW can be found in Table 2A or Table 2MA.
(3) Weight of system w above assumes uniform distribution across trapeze member. If weight is not uniform, load across
hanger rods and braces should be adjusted accordingly.
22
Case 3: Typical Pipe Hanger, Lateral Bracing

Vertical) (Tension)
Formulae FS Fl FS l B FS l B
for W  H W   wl H  S B W  H  wl H  B
 tan  tan  tan  sin 
  30 wl H  1.732FS l B wl H  1.732FS l B 2 FS l B
  45 wl H  FS l B wl H  FS l B 1.414 FS l B
  60 wl H  0.577 FS l B wl H  0.577 FS l B 1.155 FS l B
  75 wl H  0.268 FS l B wl H  0.268 FS l B 1.035FS l B

Segment of Pipe Under
lH (ft)
Evaluation
W  wlH (lbf)
Support
NOTES:
(2) For wind loading, substitute FS with FW. Note that FW can be found in Table 2A or Table 2MA.
23
Case 4: Double Braced Trapeze, Longitudinal Bracing
Note: This assembly depicts two hanging rods and two braces, only one of each can be seen from the side view.

Axis) (Tension)
Formulae FS wl Fl Fl
W H W W H wl H B F l
for     H  S B    S B  S B
 2 2 2 2 tan  2 2 tan  2 2 2 2 tan  2 2 sin 
  30 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B FS l B
  45 0.5wl H  FS l B  0.5wl H  FS l B  0.707 FS l B
  75 0.5wl H  0.134 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.134FS l B 0.518FS l B

W  wlH Total Dead Weight at Each Support (lbf)
NOTES:
(2) Unit weight of system (w) above assumes uniform distribution across trapeze member. If weight distribution is not
uniform, load across hanger rods and braces should be adjusted accordingly.
24
Case 5: Typical Pipe Hanger, Longitudinal Bracing

Axial) (Tension)
Formulae FS Fl FS l B FS l B
for W  H W   wl H  S B W  H  wl H  B
 tan  tan  tan  sin 
  30 wl H  1.732FS l B wl H  1.732FS l B 2 FS l B
  45 wl H  FS l B wl H  FS l B 1.414 FS l B
  60 wl H  0.577 FS l B wl H  0.577 FS l B 1.155 FS l B
  75 wl H  0.268 FS l B wl H  0.268 FS l B 1.035FS l B

W  wlH (lbf)
Support
NOTE:
25
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex B
Annex B
Example of Brace Assembly Drawing
(For Illustration Purposes Only)
26
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex C
Annex C
Graphical Solution – Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force
27
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex CM
ANNEX CM
Graphical Solution – Maximum Span for Lateral Braces and Wind Design Force – (SI) Metric
28
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex D
Annex D
Examples of Determining Lateral Brace Requirements for Seismic and Wind Loads
The following examples follow the procedure Determine Brace Load (5.3)
given in Section 5. Each step of the procedure l b  Fs l  Fs 42 ft  8 .2lbf / ft
references the corresponding sub-section of Fb   b   342 lbf
sin( BraceAngle ) sin 45  .707
Section 5 with the sub-section identified in
parentheses. Example:
Determine Brace Member (5.4)
“Determine Brace Load (5.3)” refers to
Using a 342 lbf load and a 7 foot brace length,
Section 5.3 of this Standard Practice.
choose appropriate brace from Figure 2.
EXAMPLE 1 – SEISMIC Minimum Alternatives:
A long, straight, run of pipe for water service is 1¼ diameter Schedule 40 pipe
to be braced to resist seismic loading. The pipe
size, SDS factor, and typical dimensions are taken 2½ x 2½ x 1/4 Angle
from the specifying engineer’s drawing. 158 x 158, 12 Gauge Strut Channel
Using the 12 Gauge Strut Channel, first examine the

lb length. The maximum length given is 9 feet, 7
inches. The brace is 7 feet, which is < 75% of the
maximum brace length. At 75% of maximum
lh length, the brace load capacity is 1,848 lbf.
Plan View Schematic
The 15/8 x 15/8, 12 Gauge Strut Channel is an
Inputs and Specifications: acceptable brace because the brace load of 342 lbf
Pipe to be braced: NPS 4 Standard weight pipe is lower than the brace capacity, 1,848 lbf.
hung on 5/8 inch threaded rod
Choose Brace Attachment to Pipe (5.5)
Pipe run length: 105 feet
See Figure 3 and Figure 6 for typical examples.
Brace Length : 7 feet.
Brace angle: 45° Choose a Connection to Structure (5.6)
SDS: 0.5 The tension and shear load on the attachment to
structure are both 342 lbf.
Determine Brace Span (5.1)
Using the input of pipe size and SDS, find the Per Table 3.1, a typical 3/8 inch expansion bolt in
corresponding Force and Max Brace Span in concrete is the minimum fastener.
Table 1. Consult the manufacturer for actual load rating.
The Maximum Brace Span is 49 feet and the force
Choose a Structure Attachment (5.7)
is 8.2 lbf/ft.
See Figure 4 for typical examples.
Per ANSI/MSS SP-58, Table 4, the hanger
spacing is 14 feet. Check Hanger Rod Capacity (5.8)
For compliance with Section 4.8 of MSS SP-127, See Annex A, Case 3:
the brace spacing is reduced to the greatest wlH  FS l B  16.3lbf / ft 14 ft  8.2lbf / ft  42 ft  570lbf
multiple of hanger spacing (n) that is less than or
equal to the maximum brace span in Table 1. Acceptable per ANSI/MSS SP-58, Table 2:
14 49 3 wlH  FS l B  16.3lbf / ft 14 ft  8.2lbf / ft  42 ft  114lbf
14 3 42
The common hanger and brace span is 42 feet.
29
Annex D (Continued)
Check if Rod Stiffeners are Required (5.9) For compliance with Section 4.8 of MSS-SP-127,
Per Figure 2, 5/8 inch rod has a maximum length the brace spacing is reduced to the greatest
of 2 feet, 2 inches. The rod is measured to be 4 multiple of hanger spacing (n) that is less than or
feet, 11inches. equal to the maximum brace span in Table 2B.
14 28 2
A stiffener is required. See Figure 5 for typical
examples. 14 2 28
The common hanger and brace span is 28 feet.
15/8 x 15/8, 12 Gauge Strut Channel is an
acceptable stiffener. Determine Brace Load (5.3)
lb  Fs l F 28 ft  21.4lbf / ft
Fb   b s   848lbf
EXAMPLE 2 – WIND sin( BraceAngle ) sin 45 .707
A long, straight, run of pipe for water service is

Determine Brace Member (5.4)
to be braced to resist wind loading. The pipe size,
wind speed, and typical dimensions are taken Using 848 lbf load and a 7 foot brace length,
from the specifying engineer’s drawing. choose appropriate brace from Figure 2.
Minimum Alternatives:
lb 1¼ diameter Schedule 40 pipe
2½ x 2½ x 1/4 Angle
15/8 x 15/8, 12 Gauge Strut Channel
lh
Plan View Schematic Using the 12 Gauge Strut Channel, first examine the
length. The maximum length given is 9 feet, 7
Inputs and Specifications: inches. The brace is 7 feet, which is < 75% of the
Pipe to be braced: 4 inch Standard weight pipe maximum brace length. At 75% of maximum
hung on 5/8 inch threaded rod length, the brace load capacity is 1,848 lbf.
Insulation: 2 inches thick The 15/8 x 15/8, 12 Gauge Strut Channel is an
Pipe run length: 105 feet acceptable brace because the brace load 848 lbf is
lower than the brace capacity, 1,848 lbf.
Brace Length from pipe to brace anchor: 7 feet
Brace angle: 45° Choose Brace Attachment to Pipe (5.5)
See Figure 3 and Figure 6 for typical examples.
Determine Brace Span (5.1)
Using the input of Insulation Outside Diameter Choose a Connection to Structure (5.6)
and Wind Speed, find the Design Force on Table See Figure 4 for typical examples.
2A.
The tension and Shear load on the attachment to
The Design Wind Forces is 21.4 lbf/ft. structure are both 848 lbf.
Using the input of Pipe Size and Design Wind Per Table 3.1, a typical 1/2 inch expansion bolt in
Force (21.4 lbf/ft), find the Max Brace Span on concrete is the minimum fastener.
Table 2B.
Consult the manufacturer for actual load rating.
The Maximum Brace Span is 28 feet.
Choose a Structure Attachment (5.7)
Per ANSI/MSS SP-58, Table 4, the hanger spacing
is 14 feet. See Figure 4 for typical examples.
30
Annex D (Continued)
Check Hanger Rod Capacity (5.8)

Annex A, Case 3:
wlH  FS lB  16.3lbf / ft 14 ft  21.4lbf / ft  28 ft  1076lbf
Acceptable per ANSI/MSS-SP-58, Table 2:

wlH  FS lB  16.3lbf / ft 14 ft  21.4lbf / ft  28 ft  371lbf
Check if Rod Stiffeners are Required (5.9)

Per Figure 2, a 5/8 inch rod has a maximum
length of 2 feet, 2 inches. The rod is measured to
be 4 feet, 11 inches.
A stiffener is required.
See Figure 5 for typical examples.
15/8 x 15/8, 12 Gauge Strut Channel is an
acceptable stiffener.
31
MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-127Annex E
ANNEX E
Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates
This Annex is an integral part of this Standard Practice and is placed after the main text for convenience.
Standard Name Description
ACI
318-2011 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary
AISC
11 Steel Construction Manual, Fourteenth Edition, Second Printing
ASCE; ASCE/SEI
7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures; including Errata
ASME; ANSI/ASME
B1.1-2003 (R2008) Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
B31E-2010 Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping
Systems; including Addenda A (B31Ea-2010)
B31.9 Building Services Piping
ASTM Standard Specification for:

A53/A53M-12 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
A307-10 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength
A492-95(2009) Stainless Steel Rope Wire
A1023/A1023M-09e1 Stranded Carbon Steel Wire Ropes for General Purposes
C585 Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe
and Tubing
ICC
IBC-2012 International Building Code
ISO
BS EN ISO 898-1:2013 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel –
Part 1: Bolts, Screws and Studs with Specified Property Classes – Coarse
Thread and Fine Pitch Thread
MSS; ANSI/MSS
SP-58-2009 Pipe Hangers and Supports – Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection,
Application and Installation
AWC; ANSI/AWC
NDS®-2012 National Design Specification® for Wood Construction Package
NFPA; ANSI/NFPA
13-2013 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 Edition
SAE
J429-2011A Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners
32
ANNEX E (Continued)
The following organizations appear on the first page of this Annex:
ACI American Concrete Institute

38800 Country Club Drive
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700
Chicago IL 60601-1802
ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc.

25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
New York, NY 10036-7406
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers

1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA 20191-4382
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME International)

Two Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
ASTM ASTM International

100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
AWC American Wood Council

(previously affiliated with the American Forest & Paper Association)
803 Sycolin Road, Suite 201
Leesburg, VA 20175-5654
ICC International Code Council

500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001-2065
ISO International Organization for Standardization

1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postal 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
127 Park Street, NE
Vienna, VA 22180-4602
33
ANNEX E (Continued)
The following organizations appear on the first page of this Annex:
NFPA National Fire Protection Association

1 Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02169-7454
SAE SAE International

400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
SEI Structural Engineering Institute (affiliated with ASCE)

1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA 20191-5467
34
Listing of MSS Standard Practices (as of February, 2014)
TITLE
SP-6-2012 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings
SP-9-2013 Spot Facing for Bronze, Iron, and Steel Flanges
SP-25-2013 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions
SP-42-2013 Corrosion-Resistant Gate, Globe, Angle, and Check Valves with Flanged and Butt Weld Ends (Classes 150, 300 & 600)
SP-43-2013 Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure, Corrosion Resistant Applications
SP-44-2010 Steel Pipeline Flanges (incl. 2011 Errata Sheet)
SP-45-2003 (R 2008) Bypass and Drain Connections
SP-51-2012 Class 150LW Corrosion Resistant Flanges and Cast Flanged Fittings
SP-53-2012 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Magnetic Particle Examination Method
SP-54-2013 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Radiographic Examination Method
SP-55-2011 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Visual Method for Evaluation of
Surface Irregularities (ANSI-approved American National Standard)
SP-58-2009 Pipe Hangers and Supports – Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, and Installation (incorporates content of SP-69, 77, 89, and 90)
(ANSI-approved American National Standard)
SP-60-2012 Connecting Flange Joints between Tapping Sleeves and Tapping Valves
SP-61-2013 Pressure Testing of Valves
SP-65-2012 High Pressure Chemical Industry Flanges and Threaded Stubs for Use with Lens Gaskets
SP-67-2011 Butterfly Valves
SP-68-2011 High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design
SP-69-2003 Pipe Hangers and Supports – Selection and Application (ANSI-approved American National Standard)
SP-70-2011 Gray Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
SP-71-2011 Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends (incl. 2013 Errata Sheet)
SP-72-2010a Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General Service
SP-75-2008 Specification for High-Test, Wrought, Butt-Welding Fittings
SP-78-2011 Gray Iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
SP-79-2011 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
SP-80-2013 Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle, and Check Valves
SP-81-2013 Stainless-Steel or Stainless-Steel-Lined, Bonnetless, Knife Gate Valves with Flanged Ends
SP-83-2006 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions Socket Welding and Threaded
SP-85-2011 Gray Iron Globe & Angle Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
SP-86-2009 Guidelines for Metric Data in Standards for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Actuators (Incl. 2011 Errata Sheet)
SP-87-1991 (R 1996 – Reinstated 2011) Factory-Made Butt-Welding Fittings for Class I Nuclear Piping Applications
SP-88-2010 Diaphragm Valves
SP-91-2009 Guidelines for Manual Operation of Valves
SP-92-2012 MSS Valve User Guide
SP-93-2008 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Liquid Penetrant Examination Method
SP-94-2008 Quality Standard for Ferritic and Martensitic Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Ultrasonic Examination Method
SP-95-2006 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
SP-96-2011 Guidelines on Terminology for Valves and Fittings
SP-97-2012 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings – Socket Welding, Threaded, and Buttwelding Ends
SP-98-2012 Protective Coatings for the Interior of Valves, Hydrants, and Fittings
SP-99-2010 Instrument Valves
SP-100-2009 Qualification Requirements for Elastomer Diaphragms for Nuclear Service Diaphragm Valves
SP-101-1989 (R 2001) Part-Turn Valve Actuator Attachment – Flange and Driving Component Dimensions and Performance Characteristics
SP-102-1989 (R 2001) Multi-Turn Valve Actuator Attachment – Flange and Driving Component Dimensions and Performance Characteristics
SP-104-2012 Wrought Copper Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings
SP-105-2010 Instrument Valves for Code Applications
SP-106-2012 Cast Copper Alloy Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Class 125, 150, and 300
SP-108-2012 Resilient-Seated Cast Iron Eccentric Plug Valves
SP-109-2012 Weld-Fabricated Copper Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings (incl. 2012 Errata Sheet)
SP-110-2010 Ball Valves Threaded, Socket-Welding, Solder Joint, Grooved and Flared Ends (incl. 2010 Errata Sheet)
SP-111-2012 Gray-Iron and Ductile-Iron Tapping Sleeves
SP-112-2010 Quality Standard for Evaluation of Cast Surface Finishes – Visual and Tactile Method. This SP must be used with a 10-surface, three dimensional Cast
Surface Comparator, which is a necessary part of the standard. Additional Comparators available separately.
SP-113-2012 Connecting Joints between Tapping Machines and Tapping Valves
SP-114-2007 Corrosion Resistant Pipe Fittings Threaded and Socket Welding Class 150 and 1000 (ANSI-approved American National Standard)
SP-115-2010 Excess Flow Valves, 1¼ NPS and Smaller, for Fuel Gas Service
SP-116-2011 Service-Line Valves and Fittings for Drinking Water Systems
SP-117-2011 Bellows Seals for Globe and Gate Valves
SP-119-2010 Factory-Made Wrought Belled End Pipe Fittings for Socket-Welding
SP-120-2011 Flexible Graphite Packing System for Rising Stem Valves – Design Requirements
SP-121-2006 Qualification Testing Methods for Stem Packing for Rising Stem Steel Valves
SP-122-2012 Plastic Industrial Ball Valves
SP-123-2013 Non-Ferrous Threaded and Solder-Joint Unions for Use with Copper Water Tube
SP-124-2012 Fabricated Tapping Sleeves
SP-125-2010 Gray Iron and Ductile Iron In-Line, Spring-Loaded, Center-Guided Check Valves
SP-126-2013 In-Line, Spring-Assisted, Center-Guided Check Valves (Carbon, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, & Nickel Alloys)
SP-127-2014a Bracing for Piping Systems: Seismic-Wind-Dynamic Design, Selection, and Application
SP-128-2012 Ductile Iron Gate Valves
SP-129-2003 (R 2007) Copper-Nickel Socket-Welding Fittings and Unions
SP-130-2013 Bellows Seals for Instrument Valves
SP-131-2010 Metallic Manually Operated Gas Distribution Valves
SP-132-2010 Compression Packing Systems for Instrument Valves
SP-133-2010 Excess Flow Valves for Low Pressure Fuel Gas Appliances
SP-134-2012 Valves for Cryogenic Service, including Requirements for Body/Bonnet Extensions
SP-135-2010 High Pressure Knife Gate Valves
SP-136-2007 Ductile Iron Swing Check Valves
SP-137-2013 Quality Standard for Positive Material Identification of Metal Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components
SP-138-2009 Quality Standard Practice for Oxygen Cleaning of Valves & Fittings
SP-139-2010 Copper Alloy Gate, Globe, Angle, and Check Valves for Low Pressure/Low Temperature Plumbing Applications
SP-140-2012 Quality Standard Practice for Preparation of Valves and Fittings for Silicone-Free Service
SP-141-2012 Multi-Turn and Check Valve Modifications
SP-142-2012 Excess Flow Valves for Fuel Gas Service, NPS 1½ through 12
SP-143-2012 Live-Loaded Valve Stem Packing Systems
SP-144-2013 Pressure Seal Bonnet Valves
SP-145-2013 Metal Ball Valves for Low Pressure/Low Temperature Plumbing Applications
(R YEAR) Indicates year reaffirmed  Price List Available Upon Request  MSS is an ANSI-accredited American National Standards developer
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.

127 Park Street, NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4620 • (703) 281-6613 • Fax # (703) 281-6671
MSS SP-127-2014a

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Bracing for Piping Systems:

Note: This 2014a Edition Replaces

Originally Approved: February 2001

1 Cable (Wire Rope) Brace Requirements ..........................................................................................14

A Calculating Loads on Rods and Braces for Braced Hangers ............................................................21

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry

BRACING FOR PIPING SYSTEMS:

1.1 This Standard Practice establishes the 3. APPLICATION

2.4 To serve as a companion document to 3.1.3 Seismic Design Category (SDC) is a

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.11 For individual braces, the slenderness

6.3.1 Hanger rod tension due to gravitational 7.2 General

Identification of standard catalog components 9. INSPECTION

8. INSTALLATION 10.3 Brackets, anchors, and guides, which are

Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Seismic Load Parameters:

Pipe Stress and Deflection Criteria Seismic Load Parameters:

Table 2B ̶ Maximum Span between Lateral Braces, Lmax (ft)

70 ‐ 80 lbf/ft 4 7 13 17 23 28 40 53 64 71 81 90 97 112 133 152

Insulation OR Bare Pipe

Table 2MB ̶ Maximum Span between Lateral Braces, Lmax (m)

CLIP ATTACHMENT AND LOAD RATING

Wire Rope Clip Tightening *Design

ALTERNATE CABLE END FITTINGS

Forged Beam Clamp Adjustable Beam Clamp Concrete Plate

Rod Stiffener Requirements

Pipe Cradle Anchor Clamp Anchor Chair

Case 1: Double Braced Trapeze, Lateral Bracing

Angle of Maximum Force

  30 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B 0.5wl H  0.866 FS l B FS l B

  45 0.5wl H  FS l B  0.5wl H  FS l B  0.707 FS l B

  60 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.577 FS l B

  75 0.5wl H  0.134 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.134FS l B 0.518FS l B

Variable Description Units

Case 2: Single Braced Trapeze, Lateral Bracing

Angle of Maximum Force

  30 0.5wl H  1.732FS l B 0.5wl H  1.732FS l B 2 FS l B

  45 0.5wl H  FS l B 0.5wl H  FS l B 1.414 FS l B

  60 0.5wl H  0.577 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.577 FS l B 1.155 FS l B

  75 0.5wl H  0.268FS l B 0.5wl H  0.268FS l B 1.035FS l B

Variable Description Units

Case 3: Typical Pipe Hanger, Lateral Bracing

Angle of Maximum Force

  60 wl H  0.577 FS l B wl H  0.577 FS l B 1.155 FS l B

  75 wl H  0.268 FS l B wl H  0.268 FS l B 1.035FS l B

Variable Description Units

Case 4: Double Braced Trapeze, Longitudinal Bracing

Angle of Maximum Force

  30 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B 0.5wl H  0.866FS l B FS l B

  45 0.5wl H  FS l B  0.5wl H  FS l B  0.707 FS l B

  60 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.289 FS l B 0.577 FS l B

  75 0.5wl H  0.134 FS l B 0.5wl H  0.134FS l B 0.518FS l B

Variable Description Units

Case 5: Typical Pipe Hanger, Longitudinal Bracing

Angle of Maximum Force

  60 wl H  0.577 FS l B wl H  0.577 FS l B 1.155 FS l B

  75 wl H  0.268 FS l B wl H  0.268 FS l B 1.035FS l B

Variable Description Units

(For Illustration Purposes Only)

Using the 12 Gauge Strut Channel, first examine the