Reinforced Concrete Design

Analysis and Design of Two way concrete slab

By: Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

University Of Basrah
Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department

E-Mail: [email protected]
Two way slab behavior
Dimension of Slab L x S
L/S< 2 with Uniform distributed load
Supported on Four Edges

Considers two strip in two direction

Deflection for assumed simply
supported beam :
 = 5 Wl4/(384 EI)
If the two strip have same thickness
then deflection will be :
 ab= k Wab S4
 cd= k Wcd l4
Where Wab and Wcd is the transferred
load by the strip ab and cd respectively
Fig. (1)
If Wu= Wab +Wcd
The  deflection at e are equal for both strip

k Wab S4= kWcd l4

Wab= L4 Wcd /S4= ( L/S)4 Wcd

The transferred load into the short Direction = Load in Long Direction multiply by factor (L/S)4

If (L/S) =1.5 then Wcd= 0.165 W and Wab= 0.835 W

If (L/S) =2 then Wcd= 0.059 W and Wab= 0.941 W

That’s mean the short Direction resist the greater part of total applied load
and when (L/S)>2 then the load transferred to the long Direction will be very small and can be
neglected.
The analysis method assume :
-Uniform distributed load
- Live Load/ Dead Load <=3
- Thickness of slab
ACI Code 1963 the tmin not less then 90 mm
according to eq :
tmin = 2*( Ln+Sn)/ 180 >= 90 mm

ACI Code 2014 present equation for slab

with beams :
1- Table 8.3.1.1

2-

Where:-

Ln , Sn : clear span of long and short direction

respectively
Fig. Column strip and Middle Strip
 m: is the average of f of all beams

 f = flexural stiffness of beam /flexural stiffness of slab = (EbIb/lb)/ EsIs/Ls

Slab with Edge Beam

Slab with Beams

in all direction
Slabs with Drop Panel
ACI Code suggest 3 method to analyze the Two
way slab
ACI Code suggest three methods to analyze the
Two way slab since 1963
1- method 1
2- Method 2
3- Method 3

 Method 2
The Moment at the middle strip :

M= C Wu S2 or M= C Wu La2

C= is a factor can be found from tables

The Moment at the column strip = 2/3 M mid

Slab Cases
For Method 2
Where the negative moment on one side of a support is less than 80 percent of that on the
other side, two-thirds of the difference shall be distributed in proportion to the relative
stiffnesses of the slabs.

M2/M1  0.8

M Difference = M2-M1

2/3 M dif. Distributed for both side

according to the slabs stiffnesses

While In Method 3 if M1  M2 ,
The negative Moments in can be take is the
Shear Force
The shear force on slab can be calculated according to the
figure shown and transferred the equivalent load to the beams

Short Direction
Weq. = Wu.La/3 for moment
Weq. = Wu.La/4 for shear

long Direction

m= S/L or La/Lb

S , L : length of span C/C in both direction

Example (1) : An Interior Two way slab panel 6.0 m * 7.2m carry a live load 10 KN/m2. The
slab thick 200 mm and is supported on beam 300 mm width and 900mm depth. Assume that
the super imposed dead load equal to 3 KN/m2 . Determine the principal bending and shear in
slab. Fy=420 MPA, fc=21MPa
Method (2)
1- Minimum thickness
-ACI code 1963
tmin= 2*(Sn+Ln)/180 = 2(5700+6900)/180
-The ACI code 2014
Interior Panel
• when the slab does not supported by beams
( interior panel) using ACI Table 8.3.1.1
• For slab supported by beams : ( m > 2)
ACI code ( table 8.3.1.2)

We will use t = 200mm ( as mention in Example)

Self Wt of slab = t *1*1*c=0.2*1*1*24=4.8 KN/m2
Wu= 1.2WD+1.6WL
Wu=1.2(4.8+3)+1.6 * 10=25.36 KN/m2
m=S/L=6/7.2=0.833 or m ( Sn/Ln=5.7/6.9= 0.83) no big difference
From Table m lies between 0.8 and 0.9 for interior panel CASE I
Moment factors for Short Direction
0.8 0.833 0.9
-C= 0.048 0.04536* 0.040 Negative moment Factor
+C= 0.036 0.03402 0.030 Positive moment Factor

*c=( 0.9-.833)*0.048+(0.833-0.8)*0.04/(0.9-0.8)
= 0.04536

-Mu=c Wu.S2=0.05436*25.36* 62=41.41 KN.m/m

+Mu=c Wu.S2=0.03402*25.36* 62=31.06 KN.m/m
Method 2
Table 1
Moment factors for Long Direction
-C= 0.033 negative moment factor
+C=0.025 Positive moment factor
-Mu= c Wu. S2=0.033*25.36* 62=30.13 KN.m/m
+Mu=c Wu. S2=0.025*25.36* 62=22.82 KN.m/m
Moment at column strip will be 2/3 from middle
strip moment in both direction
Moment diagram
( KN.m/m)
In Short Direction
Middle and Column
Strip
Loads on Beams
Bending Moments
1- Long Beam
Weq= WuS/2 [( 3-m2)/2]
= 25.36*6/3[(3-0.8332)/2]
= 58.47 KN/m from one Side
Weq= 2* 58.47= 116.94KN/m

Self weight of drop beam part = 1.2 *(h-t)* b*1*c

= 1.2 * ( 0.9-0.2) *1*0.3*24=6.05 KN/m

Total Wub= 116.94+6.05=122.99 KN/m

 2- Short Beam
Weq= WuS/3
= 25.36*6/3= 50.6 KN/m from one Side
There is two slab transferred load to the beam
Weq= 2* 50.6= 101.2 KN/m
Self weight of drop beam part = 6.05 KN/m

Wua = 101.2+6.05= 107.25 KN/m

Beam Moment Calculation
Using Factored for interior panel for beams
1- Long Direction
Wub= 122.99 KN/m
-M=1/11 (Wub * L2) = 1/11 *( 122.99 * 7.22)=579.62 KN.m
+ M=1/16 (Wub * L2) = 1/16 *( 122.99 * 7.22)=398.49 KN.m

2- Short Direction
Wub= 107.25 KN/m
-M=1/11 (Wua * S2) = 1/11 *( 107.25 * 62)=351 KN.m
+ M=1/16 (Wua * S2) = 1/16 *( 107.25 * 62)=241.3 KN.m
Shear in Beams
1-Long direction
Wub = Wu *S/4 *( 2-m)
=25.36 *6 /4 * ( 2-0.833)= 44.38 KN/m
From both side have load
2* 44.38= 88.76 KN/m
Self weight of Beam = 6.05 KN/m
Wub= 88.76+6.05= 94.81 KN/m
Shear force at support
Vu = Wu*L/2= 94.81* 7.2/2= 341.22 KN

1-Short direction
Wua = Wu *S/4
=25.36 *6 /4 = 38.04 KN/m
From both side have load and adding self weight of beam
Wu a 2* 38.04+6.05= 82.13 KN/m
Shear force at support
Vu = Wu*S/2= 82.81* 6/2= 246.4 KN
Shear in Slab
Vu = Wu *S/2
=25.36 *6 /2 = 76.08 KN/m
Thank You……..
 Degin of RC Two Way Slab using ACI coefficients method
(Method 3)
ACI code using method 3 and denoted to long direction as b and short direction with a and
considering the live load effect.
- Negative Moment
1- Short direction ( a)
-Ma= Ca neg Wu La2
2- Long direction ( b)
-Mb= Cb neg Wu Lb2
Where:
Wu : total uniform factored load ( D.L + L.L)
Ca: Moment coefficient from table
Cb: Moment coefficient from table
La: clear span for short direction
Lb: clear span for short direction
-Positive Moment
To calculate the positive moment in each direction we should find the Moment due to dead load and the
moment due to live load and the M total equal the summation of both moments
1- Short direction ( a)
+MaD.L= Ca DL WuDL La2
+MaL.L= Ca LL WuLL La2
+Matotal = +Ma D.L+ Ma L.L
2- Long direction ( b)
+MbD.L= Cb DL WuDL Lb2
+MbL.L= Cb LL WuLL Lb2
+Mbtotal = +Mb D.L+ Mb L.L
Note:
When two negative moment at support are different for continuous slab, can take average
Moment -M= ( M left+Mright)/ 2
Negative moment at the discontinuous
edge equal to 1/ 3 Positive moment at
that Direction
 Item Moment Direction

Short Direction S or (a) Long Direction L or (b)

Negative Moment (-M) -Ma= Ca neg Wu La2 -Mb= Cb neg Wu Lb2

+MaD.L= Ca DL WuDL La2 +MbD.L= Cb DL WuDL Lb2

+MaL.L= Ca LL WuLL La2 +MbL.L= Cb LL WuLL Lb2
Positive Moment (+M)

+Ma = +Ma D.L+ Ma L.L +Mb = +Mb D.L+ Mb L.L

Slab Cases
Method 3
Example (1) : ( as in Ex. 1) An Interior Two way slab panel 6.0 m * 7.2m carry a live load 10
KN/m2. The slab thick 200 mm and is supported on beam 300 mm width and 900mm depth.
Assume that the super imposed dead load equal to 3 KN/m2 . Determine the principal bending
and shear in slab. Fy=280 MPA, fc=21MPa
Sol.
Thickness check same as in Exa. (1)
Wu= 25.36 KN/m2 ( exa. 1)
Interior panel continues from all side ( Case 2) Table 1
La/Lb or m= ( 6-0.3)/(7.2-0.3)= 0.826 (or a/b )
1- Negative Moment Factors
- Short Direction ( by interpolation)
0.8 0.065
0.026
0.826 Ca neg.
` 0.024
0.85 0.06
-Long Direction
0.8 0.027
0.826 Cb. neg.
0.85 0.031
Method 3
Table 1
Method 3
Table 2
Method 3
Table 3
-Ma= Ca .neg .Wu.la 2 = 0.0624 * 25.36* (5.7)2 = 51.41 KN.m/m
-Mb= Cb .neg .Wu.lb 2 = 0.02908 * 25.36* (6.9)2 = 35.11 KN.m/m
2- Positive Moment
Short Direction
-Factors of Dead Load ( from Table 2)
0.8 0.026
0.826 Ca.DL
0.85 0.024
Self Wt of slab= t *1*1*c =0.2*1*1*24= 4.8KN/m2
Wu D= 1.2 ( 4.8+3) = 9.36 KN/m2
+MaDL= 0.02496*9.36 * 5.72= 7.6 KN.m/m
-Factors of Live Load ( from Table 3)
0.8 0.041
0.826 Ca.LL
0.85 0.037
Wu LL= 1.6 * 10 = 16 KN/m2
+MaLL= 0.03892*16 * 5.72= 20.23 KN.m/m
+Ma= MaDL+ MaLL= 7.6+20.23= 27.83 KN.m/m
Long Direction
-Factors of Dead Load ( from Table 2)
0.8 0.011
0.826 Cb.DL
0.85 0.012
Wu D= 9.36 KN/m2
+MbDL= 0.01152*9.36 * 6.92= 5.13 KN.m/m

-Factors of Live Load ( from Table 3)

0.8 0.017
0.826 Cb.LL
0.85 0.019
Wu LL= 16 KN/m2
+MbLL= 0.01804*16 * 6.92= 13.74 KN.m/m
+Mb= MbDL+ MbLL= 5.13+13.78= 18.91 KN.m/m
Shear of Slab
-Short Direction ( from Table 4)
0.8 0.71
0.826 Cwa
0.85 0.66
Wa= 0.684*25.36 =17.35 KN/m2
Vu= Wa * La/2= 17.35 *5.7/2= 49.43 KN/m

Long Direction ( from Table 4)

0.8 0.29
0.826 Cwb
0.85 0.34
Wb= = 0.316*25.36 =8.01 KN/m2
Vu= Wb * Lb/2= 8.01 *6.9/2= 27.65KN/m
Method 3
Table 4
Shear Of Beams
-Short Direction
the load transfer from slab with long direction ( on short beam)
= 27.65 KN/m
and there is two slab from both side
= 2*27.65=55.3 KN/m
Selfwt. of beam = 6.05 KN/m
Total Wua= 55.3+6.05= 61.35 KN/m
Vu=Wua*La/2=61.35*5.7/2=174.85KN

-Long Direction
the load transfer from slab with short direction ( on long beam)
= 49.43 KN/m
and there is two slab from both side
= 2* 49.43 =98.86 KN/m
Selfwt of beam = 6.05 KN/m
Total Wub= 98.86+6.05= 104.91KN/m
Vu=Wub*Lb/2=104.91*6.9/2=361.93KN
Thank You……..

To be continued ……
Example (3) : An Apartment building is designed using 6.1*6.1 m Two way slabs system. The live
load 2 KN/m2 , the superimposed load ( partition loads) is 1.5 KN/m2 and the floor finish load is
2 KN/m2. Design a typical panels. Assume f′c=21MPa, fy =280 Mpa. The column dimension
300* 300 mm and the supporting beams are 300 mm width . Also Design the interior beam.

Sol.
-Slab Thickness
ACI Code 1963 allowed slab thickness
not less than 90 mm
tmin = 2*( Ln+Sn)/ 180 >= 90 mm
= 2*( 5.8+5.8)/180=128.9 mm
ACI Code 2014 allowed using equation

where  m ≥ 2
=Ln/Sn= 1.0
tmin = 5.8*[0.8+(420/1400)]/(36+9*1)
= 141.77mm Use t or h = 150 mm
Load On Slab
D.L of slab = 0.15 *1*1*24=3.6 KN/m2
Floor Finishing = 2 KN/m2
Partitions = 1.5 KN/m2
Total DL = 3.6+2+1.5= 7.1 KN/m2
L.L = 2 KN/m2
Wu = 1.2 DL+ 1.6 LL
= 1.2 * 7.1 + 1.6 * 2= 11.72 KN/m2
Using Method 2
M= ceof. * Wu * S^2
dav.=h-cover -= 150-20-10 (use 10 mm)
= 120 mm
Notes
1- For square panel use d average
2- rectangular panel the steel in short direction
at bottom layer ( large M, d the greater) and for
long direction the steel at top layer ( d shorter)
Long span
dl= h-20-s- l/2

short span
ds= h-20-/2
Choose (S3) =CASE 3
From Table (1) m = S/L= 1
Moment factors for both Direction ( square panel )
-C= 0.049 Negative moment Factor continuous edge
-C= 0.025 Negative moment Factor Discontinuous edge
+C= 0.037 Positive moment Factor Midspan

-Mu = c Wu.S2=0.049*11.72* 6.12= 21.37 KN.m/m Cont.

-Mu = c Wu.S2=0.025*11.72* 6.12= 10.9 KN.m/m Discont.
+Mu = c Wu.S2=0.037*11.72* 6.12=16.14 KN.m/m Mid span
Mid Span
R=Mu/(bd2)
= 16.14 *106 / ( 0.9 * 1000*1202)=1.245

m =fy/0.85*fc= 15.68
 =(1/15.68)* ( 1- 1-(2*15.68*1.245/280))
= 0.00461
Method 2
Table 1
As =.b.d = 0.00461*1000*120 = 553 mm2/m
Use  10 mm
S= 78 * 1000/ 553 = 141 mm
Use  10 mm at 140 mm c/c
As min = .b.h (mm2)
 min = 0.002 ( fy =280MPa) ACI code 2014 ( Table 8.6.1.1)
As min. = 0.002* 1000 * 150 = 300 mm 2/ m < As Provide (OK)

S max = 2*h=300 mm or 450 mm at critical section ACI 2014 (8.7.2.2)

Use  10 mm @ 140 mm C/C /m

Column Strip Moment = 2/3 M mid. = 16.14*2/3=10.76 KN.m/m

Or can use the spacing of 1.5 * middle strip spacing = 211 mm C/C
Use  10 mm @ 210 mm

Negative Moment
-Discontinues edge
- M= 10.9 KN.m/m
R=Mu/(bd2)
= 10.9 *106 / ( 0.9 * 1000*1202)=0.841
m =fy/0.85*fc= 15.68
 =(1/15.68)* ( 1- 1-(2*15.68*0.841/280))
= 0.00308
As =.b.d = 0.00308*1000*120 = 370 mm2/m
Use  10 mm
S= 78 * 1000/ 370 = 211mm , Use  10 mm at 210 mm c/c

-Continuous Edge
R=Mu/(bd2)
= 21.37 *106 / ( 0.9 * 1000*1202)=1.649
m =fy/0.85*fc= 15.68
 =(1/15.68)* ( 1- 1-(2*15.68*1.649/280))
= 0.006189
As =.b.d = 0.006189*1000*120 = 742mm2/m
Use  10 mm
S= 78 * 1000/ 742 = 105mm Use  10 mm at 100 mm c/c
Note:
The reinforcement detail for long Direction same as of short direction
cause the panel is square ( L=S)
Check for Shear
The shear force on slab can be calculated according to (same in both direction ):

V = Wu.S/2 at center of support

= 11.72 * 6.1/2=35.75 KN/m
Vud= Vu- Wu*0.3/2-Wu*d
= 35.75 – 11.72*0.3/2 – 11.72*0.12=32.59 KN/m

 Vc =  *0.17  f’c * b * d = 0.75 *0.17 *  21 * 1000* 120= 70.11 KN/m

 Vc> Vud ( OK section is safe )

 Interior Panel ( S1)
Short Direction Long Direction
No. Details
-M +M -M -M +M -M
Cont. M. S Cont. Cont. M. S Cont.

Mu * 106
1 14.4 10.9 14.4 14.4 10.9 14.4
( N.mm/m)

2 d (mm) 120 120 120 120 120 120

3  0.00410 0.003078 0.00410 0.00410 0.003078 0.00410

4 As mm2) ( 492 369 492 492 369 492

As min = .b.h
(mm2)
5 300 300 300 300 300 300
min = 0.002
( fy =280MPa)

As Provided
6 492 369 492 492 369 492
( choosed)
S= 1000*Ab/As
7 159 211 159 159 211 159
( mm)

Smax= 2*h=300
8 300 300 300 300 300 300
or 450 mm

9 S ( choosed) 159 211 159 159 211 159

Used Spacing S
10 150 210 150 150 210 150
(use 10 mm )
 Interior Panel ( S2)
Short Direction Long Direction
No. Details
-M +M -M -M +M -M
disont. M. S Cont. Cont. M. S cont.

Mu * 106
1 9.16 13.52 17.88 17.88 13.52 17.88
( N.mm/m)

2 d (mm) 120 120 120 120 120 120

3  0.002576 0.003841 0.005134 0.005134 0.003841 0.005134

4 As mm2) ( 309 461 616 616 461 616

As min = .b.h
(mm2)
5 300 300 300 300 300 300
min = 0.002
( fy =280MPa)

As Provided
6 309 461 616 616 461 616
( choosed)
S= 1000*Ab/As
7 252 169 127 127 169 127
( mm)

Smax= 2*h=300
8 300 300 300 300 300 300
or 450 mm

9 S ( choosed) 252 169 127 127 169 127

Used Spacing S
10 250 160 120 120 160 120
(use 10 mm )
 Corner Panel ( S3)
Short Direction Long Direction
No. Details
-M +M -M -M +M -M
Discont. M. S. Cont. Discont. M. S. Cont.

Mu * 106
1 10.9 16.14 21.37 10.9 16.14 21.37
( N.mm/m)

2 d (mm) 120 120 120 120 120 120

3  0.00308 0.00461 0.006189 0.00308 0.00461 0.006189

4 As mm2) ( 370 553 742 370 553 742

As min = .b.h (mm2)

5 min = 0.002 300 300 300 300 300 300
( fy =280MPa)

As Provided
6 370 553 742 370 553 742
( choosed)
S= 1000*Ab/As
7 211 141 105 211 141 105
( mm)

Smax= 2*h=300
8 300 300 300 300 300 300
or 450 mm

9 S ( choosed) 211 141 105 211 141 105

Used Spacing S
10 210 140 100 210 140 100
(use 10 mm )
Reinforcement Detail ( M.S.) ( bent method)
Corner slab reinforcement detail
Thank You……..