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CCW Assignment 1
Team Members : Aashna, Abhijith, Ajoshn, Nawal
1.The kinetic energy correction factor for velocity distribution of laminar flow is:
(a)0.5
(b)1.66 -(ans)
(c)1
(d)2.5
2.The head loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to:
(a)velocity
(b)velocity head -(ans)
(c)turbulence
(d)none of these
3.Hydraulic radius is the ratio of:
(a)wetted perimeter to flow area
(b)flow area to wetted perimeter-(ans)
(c)flow area to square of wetted perimeter
(d)square root of flow area to wetted perimeter
4.Mach number is the ratio of:
(a)fluid to that of light
(b)light to that of fluid
(c)fluid to that of sound-(ans)
(d)sound to that of fluid
5.Power loss in an orifice meter is _________ that in a Venturi meter:

(a)less than
(b)more than-(ans)
(c)same as
(d)cannot be predicted
========================================================================
Q1) Name the type of pipe fitting normally used on a pipeline that makes one section of pipe out
of line and parallel to a second section.
Options. A) Offset
B) Trap
C) Tee
D) Nipple
Q2) Which of the following fittings is used to connect two pipes with each other?
Options. A) Tee
B) Connector
C) Elbow
D) All of the above
Q3) Cavitation is a phenomenon observed in liquids when:

Options. A) Pressure exceeds the vapor pressure of the liquid at a given temperature.
B) Pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid at a given temperature.
C) The liquid reaches its boiling point.
D) The liquid viscosity increases significantly.
Q4) Which of the following is a negative consequence of cavitation in pumps?

Options. A) Increased mixing efficiency
B) Erosion of pump components
C) Improved flow rate
D) Reduced noise levels
Q5) In centrifugal pumps, cavitation is more likely to occur at:

Options. A) The inlet of the pump
B) The outlet of the pump
C) Throughout the pump casing
D) It depends on the pump design
Q6) Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is a parameter used to:

Options. A) Measure the pressure at the pump outlet
B) Indicate the minimum pressure required at the pump inlet to avoid cavitation.
C) Determine the flow rate of the pump
D) Specify the pump efficiency
Q7) Which of the following strategies can help mitigate cavitation in pumps?
Options. A) Increasing the pump operating speed
B) Reducing the pressure drop across the pump inlet
C) Using a pump with a smaller impeller diameter
D) Increasing the liquid temperature (within operational limits)
Answers :
1. A)
2. C)
3. B) Pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid at a given temperature.
(Cavitation occurs when the pressure drops low enough for bubbles to form from the
vapor in the liquid)
4. B) Erosion of pump components. (Cavitation bubbles rapidly collapse, causing damage
to pump impellers and casings)
5. A) The inlet of the pump. (The pressure is lowest at the pump inlet due to suction)
6. B) Indicate the minimum pressure required at the pump inlet to avoid cavitation. (NPSH
ensures sufficient pressure head to prevent cavitation)
7. B) Reducing the pressure drop across the pump inlet. (Lower pressure drop reduces the
risk of cavitation)
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1.In a fluidised bed reactor:
a)temperature gradients are very high.

b)temperature is more or less uniform.
c)hot spots are formed.
d)segregation of the solids occurs.
2.Very small pressure difference (< 5 mm water coloumn) can be most conveniently measured
by a/an __________ manometer.
a)U-tube water.
b)U-tube mercury.
c)inclined tube mercury.
d)inclined tube water.
3.For a given Reynold number as d/D for an orifice increases, Cd will (where, d & D are orifice &
pipe diameters respectively).
a)increase
b)decrease
c)remain constant
d)either (a) or (b); depends on other factors
4.What is the ratio of total kinetic energy of fluid passing per second to the value obtained on
the basis of average velocity (for laminar flow through a circular pipe)?
a)0.5
b)1
c)1.5
d)2
5.In which of the following cases, it is possible for flow to occur from low pressure to high
pressure ?
a)Flow of liquid upward in a vertical pipe.

b)Flow through a converging section.
c)Flow of air downward in a pipe.
d)Impossible in a constant cross-section conduit.
Answers:
1.b)
2.d)
3.a)
4.d)
5.b)
========================================================================
1. What is the relationship between shear stress and velocity gradient according to Newton’s
law of viscosity?
A) Directly proportional
B) Inversely proportional
C) No relationship
D) Exponential relationship
- Answer: A) Directly proportional
2. Which physical property of a fluid remains constant regardless of the fluid's shape or size of
the container?
A) Density
B) Viscosity
C) Surface tension
D) Pressure
- Answer: A) Density
3. How does viscosity generally vary with temperature for most liquids?
A) Increases linearly
B) Decreases linearly
C) Remains constant
D) Increases exponentially
- Answer: B) Decreases linearly
4. Which type of fluid is characterized by a constant viscosity regardless of shear rate?

A) Newtonian fluid
B) Non-Newtonian fluid
C) Ideal fluid
D) Compressible fluid
- Answer: A) Newtonian fluid
5. The barometric equation is used to determine:

A) Fluid density
B) Fluid pressure
C) Fluid viscosity
D) Fluid velocity
- Answer: B) Fluid pressure
6. Which type of decanter is commonly used for continuous separation of solids from liquids
under the influence of gravity?
A) Continuous gravity decanter
B) Centrifugal decanter
C) Batch gravity decanter
D) Rotary decanter
- Answer: A) Continuous gravity decanter
7. What principle is used in a manometer to measure fluid pressure?

A) Pascal's principle
B) Archimedes' principle
C) Boyle's law
D) Bernoulli's principle
- Answer: A) Pascal's principle
8. In a simple manometer, the pressure difference between two points is determined by

measuring the:
A) Height difference of two fluid columns
B) Density of the fluid
C) Temperature of the fluid
D) Velocity of the fluid
- Answer: A) Height difference of two fluid columns
9. Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict:

A) Viscosity of the fluid
B) Pressure drop in a pipe
C) Turbulence in fluid flow
D) Density of the fluid
- Answer: C) Turbulence in fluid flow
10. What phenomenon is described by Reynold’s stress in fluid mechanics?

A) Shear stress distribution
B) Turbulent fluctuations
C) Laminar flow characteristics
D) Viscosity variation
- Answer: B) Turbulent fluctuations
11. In boundary layer theory, what is the layer adjacent to a solid surface called?
A) Laminar layer
B) Turbulent layer
C) Boundary layer
D) Free stream layer
- Answer: C) Boundary layer
12. Boundary layer separation occurs when:

A) Fluid velocity increases
B) Fluid viscosity decreases
C) Fluid pressure decreases
D) Fluid flow changes direction abruptly
- Answer: D) Fluid flow changes direction abruptly
13. The correction for fluid friction in pipes is typically applied to account for:
A) Viscosity changes
B) Pipe roughness
C) Temperature changes
D) Pressure changes
- Answer: B) Pipe roughness
14. What is the term for the energy required by a pump to overcome fluid friction and other
losses?
A) Hydraulic energy
B) Pump work
C) Compressible flow
D) Bernoulli's principle
- Answer: B) Pump work
15. Friction factor in fluid flow is primarily influenced by:

A) Fluid density
B) Pipe diameter
C) Reynolds number
D) Pipe length
- Answer: C) Reynolds number
16. Which type of flow is characterized by smooth, orderly layers of fluid moving parallel to each
other?
A) Laminar flow
B) Turbulent flow
C) Compressible flow
D) Transitional flow
- Answer: A) Laminar flow
17. What is the effect of fittings and valves on fluid flow in a pipeline?
A) Increase pressure
B) Decrease pressure
C) No effect on pressure
D) Increase flow rate
- Answer: B) Decrease pressure
18. Hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of:

A) Pipe diameter to pipe length
B) Cross-sectional area to wetted perimeter
C) Pipe length to flow rate
D) Pressure drop to flow rate
- Answer: B) Cross-sectional area to wetted perimeter
19. In fluidized bed systems, what is the minimum fluidizing velocity required to maintain
fluidization?
A) Terminal velocity
B) Settling velocity
C) Critical velocity
D) Minimum bubbling velocity
- Answer: D) Minimum bubbling velocity

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CCW Assignment 1

Team Members : Aashna, Abhijith, Ajoshn, Nawal

2.The head loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to:

(b)velocity head -(ans)

3.Hydraulic radius is the ratio of:

(a)wetted perimeter to flow area

(b)flow area to wetted perimeter-(ans)

(c)flow area to square of wetted perimeter

(d)square root of flow area to wetted perimeter

4.Mach number is the ratio of:

(a)fluid to that of light

(b)light to that of fluid

(c)fluid to that of sound-(ans)

(d)sound to that of fluid

5.Power loss in an orifice meter is _________ that in a Venturi meter:

Q3) Cavitation is a phenomenon observed in liquids when:

Q4) Which of the following is a negative consequence of cavitation in pumps?

Q5) In centrifugal pumps, cavitation is more likely to occur at:

Q6) Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is a parameter used to:

a)temperature gradients are very high.

a)Flow of liquid upward in a vertical pipe.

4. Which type of fluid is characterized by a constant viscosity regardless of shear rate?

5. The barometric equation is used to determine:

7. What principle is used in a manometer to measure fluid pressure?

8. In a simple manometer, the pressure difference between two points is determined by

9. Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict:

10. What phenomenon is described by Reynold’s stress in fluid mechanics?

12. Boundary layer separation occurs when:

15. Friction factor in fluid flow is primarily influenced by:

18. Hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of:

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