ASSIGIMENT-

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FoY any tuo sets AGB ovoue the following

iAOB = AnB
considey AUB x / x 4 (AUB)

AUB A oB
, AnB AOB 1
ConsidevY AOB /x6(An6)9
Stlu A(ov) xGb3 16
/xEAov) xCB3
A UE
AnB-AUB

S(uy) la-g) is diuisible by

La,3,4,S67y and R
a) If 1-f vetahon
that R is equiualence
3 show
Given a3,4,5,6 1
duuisible by 3
R-(,y)Ix-y) is
that k iS vefle xi ve, sym me bic
hauet0 proue
Now we

and byansibve
¬xa
)ERVaE
Reflexive Relation
www
(a,a) A

E X we haue -X =0 is Q mutbiple of X
Fov any oxg=o]
by 3
o is diuisible
Rig Tef lexive velation
Relation: whe neuey (a,b) eR Cba)ERV qb¬X
Symmebvic
iww n
then (x4) ER
Fovany b,9) Ex 1s
mulbiple
also a, muliple
multiple of 3 and (y-x)
1S
-9)
Of 3.
 If 1-9- 3k, wheye k is avy integev then
yx-3k)
>(yN)eR
(Y,x) is diuisible by 3
R i s Sgmmelvic vetabion
then(a,c)¬R
T7ansitue velahion: (a,b) ERECb,c)ER
wwww
wwwwwwww

Fov any (x,4,2 ) E X,

(,9)eR Gy.z)eR v(xy.z )eX
and (Y,2) is diuisible by 3
au) is diuisible by 3
Now we haue to pvoue that
,2) is diuisi ble by 3

wkT
x-Z- (1-9) +(9-z)
Let 1-y 3k,
Y-Z-3E2
- 2 - 3k, +3k2
3(Ktk:)
-2 is a muthiple of 3 then 2 is diuisible by3
0,2)ER
'. R is vanstive
Ris equiualence velation

fov the velabons

Find sos, ROR, SOR, Ros
R0a)(8,4)(A,a)y
(a5) (3,1) (L3)9
3f4a)
S03=S
V(ua) o,5) 0,03) t(4,8)(.,5)(s,))CLa)
(L3)(3,)-0)

(3003) (3,3)
 (,a85)-(u,3)
SOSSLDOS )(3,3)Cu,s)y
ROR R
SCL33u XaR) Yf0a)84)(9,)y
(La a ) = (,a)
(&,a)(A) =(9, a)
(34) (3,4)
ROR StLa )o,a )(34
SOR-f(4,a) (2s)(&1)03 )} f0a) (3u) (@a)y
(L3)34) (L4)
(5) (5)
(3,1) (a) 8 )
(u,a)Ma,a)-(4,a)

ROS- a)84)(2 3) } fu,A) Qs)81) (L3)9

(,a) 2,shO5)
paTa5) - 0,5)
4) u,a) (3a)
. ROS-CL5)05)8a) y
Find the tvansibiue closuve of Telathon
R-0L3)(Ra)\5) (30)y on A= Le,39
Guen A- L,a3} G R- ) a )(,3)(a1) (&,8)9
3

Me

Tvansihue closue of Ris

MR- MRV MR VMR LP
u a fAl
 Heve o niatvix
MR-MROMR cabon is uged
mulhpli
Heve oe use malbpficol
o ton vous wrth cduno
if atieast
A X exist then tota
ualue is4

ME MR VMR V MR
Io

MR
I0

velahon define d on the

equiualence
LetLet R be the
and
Set A-,3,4,S69
(5,1)(Es)CANG,8)(CA)
R-tu1s)3)l23XA,s) (3 3)(as) (44)
R
Find the payiion of A imcluded by
Given 'R 5 an eauiualence velabon
Now, 1 ?5
R)-.3,cy
)-a,3.0
(4)-944
()-1us
(c)-13,3,
cleasly, [J uR] ? L,2,3,5,6y tA
(4)-fu4 (0 uP]
tence the [A) include d by R
AlR-s f3,34
d Let sf,R8 and pa) the powey det of d defíne the
1elahon s pa R by XRY f F XCy dhow that this

velahon is a pavbal ovdey on pl3) DYa its hasse d agan

Let 's' be the Jet
contain all obsets of 's
ONT, the powevset p(3)
Anbioyomeic and
the Subset velaion is 1eflexice,
wrT
tansitive on P3) on cany set s

Let Si-d,sSa,5s, Su,Ss, S

dcSY, 1= LQ 6 and dsS
6
SVSS, and Sy CSY, V-3,
S,C S4, S CScS2 CSq, S, CSs. Sa CSg ,S3 CSc
these'facts.
The hasse diagvam for R must exhibit all
Tathce
chain is disibuhve
DPhove that euerg a

A chgi is called a lattice if evevy pair of element

lowey bound and least uPpey
bound
has a qveatest
two element s ave
compavcble 98
In a chain euevy
an d LUB exists
lattice
Giuen chain is
oheve,
latice
a,b.ce (LLR) where (L,R) i6
a

avcbnc) Cavb ) A(aye)

Now, we have to pioue that
LUB 0f(a,bnc)
Considey avCbnc)
a l'- 10-B of(aGLB of (be ))

d A, L/v6 ofCa,b)
avbAc)-b

Gl-B of (avb avc

Now (avb) n (avc)
 GLB
of (-o orCab )), LUB oft,c)
ef6B of (be)
b
avb) A(avb) -b
AR i
Euevy chain is a disbibu tive lattice
6t2 fin d F f(ayeye
LetLet F:RR be giuen by fx) ye ,

TO find FiYSt we haue to pioue that f is one-one

and onto
3) Fis one-one 3)fis onto
IF f ) - ([x) Let yedomain & 3x¬ Co domain
NOw We haue to pyoue that
giuen (u) =ye 6l42 Fo)= Y
f() yet2 et u e 6 +y2

f)=ye6X,f2
eGXtyly
If FOu)- ( ) o9e6X+
l o g (YIy)

e6a ,6X242
6xt log(YI4)a
GX =log (yl4)
Cogert2 (oge6x4y
61rt aloge - GX2 +aloge
u l6[log (vle)-]|
63,+ C+ fisont o
G1,CX and onto
Fisone-one
Fexist d
fis one -one qiuen f): y

dp ro)1<[Cog (ylu)-3)
d
a)-1o[og (u)-o]
Theorem If G 15 a gvOUP ther 320 71proo
1 The idenhty element ofe of a gvoup i s unique
-Euerg aEg has onique inuerse in g
3 Euevy aeG (a")"-a
4-if a,beg (ab)': b"a
PYoof Let (G, ) be a gvoup ofagyoupP
element
be two Idenbty
1) Let ee-'
e-q-a-0
a-e:
By the def we haue n
sd dgds 51
Replace a by e in 0
vaE9 P37 09do ou
e e e e'= e '
-

Let ae2 elerment)

(:ez is an idenbty
S'e2e, =
e,e, =e , -
',aez -ez d =e, vaeg
Let a-e D4A element)
e e e , e , =a- e ,is an identity
fvom O

Goup G
The idenbby elementofa 1nueyse $ay
Say
distnct inueyde
have two
o)Assume that aeG
bdc by def
-C=C-a=e-0

a-b ba-e

fvom O G
ab:ac

both 6ies
with b we haue
haue Omo
Multiplyinq
blab) blac)
b tba) c
(ba)
eb ec

bC
 Cuery QE G has onique inuey de in G
3)By def of IoueYse
aec
a-ae
aa e, put
a-CeC-Q-e
inuevse ofC
i-e, a is the

(a-9a
two element then by dosuye
4) Let a,beG be any
Ca abeg- Since q is a goup
80, a b exist and belongs t 1

6aeG
Considev
(ab) (a'b")
= al bb) a
a
Qa e
b'\a'a) b
'9Cba") (ab)
be)
b
b"b e
e
lab)(6"a) 'a") (ab)
-

l
i-e,b'a' is ihuevse of ab
(ab) b'a where
the two giuen gvoups
and (G,.) be
1 L e t (Z,+) and g:-L1
and F:2-
z is the set of all
integeYs a
S I i fv iseuen show t h a t r 'i s
def ined by f)-1 if xisodd
homomophism

Let mn CZ m+nte
then
1S eue n then
nd m
odd, f{m) - 1 and
Ciuen,if m io
1
f (m) -
 Caseti If m is odd and n iss even

I fmiS odd and n i euen Then

m+n id odd
FUm):fn)-4
F(m+n)- -
f(m+n) -IxI E
- f(m)f0)

f(men) =Fm) f0) 1

f13 homomovphis m
is Odd
: m is euen and 'n
Casec
f(m) 1. f(p)=-1 hh2
F(m+n) -I

-IKI
f (n)kf
f(m)

f(m+n )-Fm)-ftn)
Ifm iS euen and'o iS euen then,
casedil,
f um)= Fo)+
Lmtn)= I
Ixl

flm) fn)

f(m+n) - f(m) f(n)

and'n is odd then
caseiv, IF m iS odd
f(m)=-I f(n)= -I
F(m+n)=1
f(m)f 0)

F(mn) =f(m) fa)

hom omoy phsm
fIS

pYoUe that the union of two SubayoupS of a gvoup

9
inthe othey
O Svbqvoup iff one is con tend
SUb grouP of G
PooF Giuen HUth is a
NoW e haue tu show thal
 HiCH2Cov) H CH, 0
Soppose if Hr H2 to) Hz H he
if H H 3 3 an element aCH:aH
if Hz Hi 3 an element b¬H bHi
NOw
aet, bE H2 be HIU H
HiOH2 is a Subgvoup of G
ab HU H2 ab" E HiOH2 n
=> ab e Hi
(eX)ab ¬ H2 6bi9mr
.Since ab CH2,bEHz
H2 1 a SubqyoUp of G By closUYe law, U9230
(ab) b ehz
=)a(b'b)¬H2
- aetH

a e H2 to a t t2
Taehi a e H CBy i nuerse law
If a' eHI ab et
Hisa SubgrouP of
By closuy e l a w
aCalf H
=(aa) b eH
=) eb' e HI

bEH
Which is a conbadichon to b H
oUT a6SumPhon i-e HiH (01) H2 H is wron9

tlence HCH2 (O1) H2 CH

Conue YSly,
If HCHa 01 tl2 CH

Now we hale to poue that

HIUH21S aSub9voup ofa qreup G
T
90
Since H CHa AiUHa Ha
Ha Q subgvoupP
 Tf HCH HiUHaH
His a SubgroupP
of Group9
Subgvoup
HUHaiS also a

FTu
lu